|
= endemic EX = extinct or assumed extinct
![](../DIV/Transparent_50x5.gif)
![](../maps1/TAX/Serpentes/Anomalepididae/GIF/Liotyphlops_albirostris_160h.gif) ![](../DIV/Transparent_160x3.gif) |
| ![](../DIV/Transparent_500x1.gif)
Liotyphlops albirostris
White-nosed Blind Snake | ![](../DIV/Transparent_500x1.gif)
Auth 1994
Dixon & Kofron 1984
Ibanez, Solis, Jaramillo & Rand 2001
Jaramillo, Wilson, Ibanez & Jaramillo 2010
Linares-Vargas, Bolivar-Garcia, Herrera-Martinez, Osorio-Dominguez, Ospina, Thomas & Daza 2021
McDiarmid, Campbell & Toure 1999
Perez-Santos, Moreno & Gearhart 1993
Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970
Ray & Ruback 2015
Villa, Wilson & Johnson 1988
![](../DIV/Transparent_160x10.gif) |
Genus
Boa (Red-tailed Boas) |
![](../maps1/TAX/Serpentes/Boidae/GIF/Boa_60h.gif) |
![](../links/Boa_bibliography_link.gif) |
![](../maps1/TAX/Serpentes/Boidae/GIF/Corallus_annulatus_160h.gif) ![](../DIV/Transparent_160x3.gif) |
| ![](../DIV/Transparent_500x1.gif)
Corallus annulatus
Annulated Tree Boa | ![](../DIV/Transparent_500x1.gif)
Auth 1994
Batista, Mebert, Miranda, Garces, Fuentes & Ponce 2020
Ibanez, Solis, Jaramillo & Rand 2001
Jaramillo, Wilson, Ibanez & Jaramillo 2010
Perez-Santos, Moreno & Gearhart 1993
Ray & Ruback 2015
Villa, Wilson & Johnson 1988
![](../DIV/Transparent_160x10.gif) |
![](../maps1/TAX/Serpentes/Colubridae/GIF/Chironius_grandisquamis_160h.gif) ![](../DIV/Transparent_160x3.gif) |
| ![](../DIV/Transparent_500x1.gif)
Chironius grandisquamis
Large-scaled Sipo | ![](../DIV/Transparent_500x1.gif)
Auth 1994
Barrio-Amoros, Quiroz, Porras-Ramirez, Villanueva-Maldonado, Estrada-Garcia & Batista 2023
Dixon, Wiest & Cei 1993
Ibanez, Solis, Jaramillo & Rand 2001
Jaramillo, Wilson, Ibanez & Jaramillo 2010
Perez-Santos, Moreno & Gearhart 1993
Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970
Ray & Ruback 2015
Villa, Wilson & Johnson 1988
![](../DIV/Transparent_160x10.gif) |
Genus
Clelia (Northern Snake Eaters) |
![](../maps1/TAX/Serpentes/Colubridae/GIF/Clelia_60h.gif) |
![](../links/Clelia_bibliography_link.gif) |
![](../maps1/TAX/Serpentes/Colubridae/GIF/Dendrophidion_percarinatum_160h.gif) ![](../DIV/Transparent_160x3.gif) |
| ![](../DIV/Transparent_500x1.gif)
Dendrophidion percarinatum
South American Forest Racer | ![](../DIV/Transparent_500x1.gif)
Auth 1994
Batista, Mebert, Miranda, Garces, Fuentes & Ponce 2020
Cadle 2012
Ibanez, Solis, Jaramillo & Rand 2001
Jaramillo, Wilson, Ibanez & Jaramillo 2010
Perez-Santos, Moreno & Gearhart 1993
Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970
Ray & Ruback 2015
Villa, Wilson & Johnson 1988
![](../DIV/Transparent_160x10.gif) |
Genus
Dipsas (Neotropical Snail Eaters) |
![](../maps1/TAX/Serpentes/Colubridae/GIF/Dipsas_60h.gif) |
![](../links/Dipsas_bibliography_link.gif) |
![](../maps1/TAX/Serpentes/Colubridae/GIF/Dipsas_temporalis_160h.gif) ![](../DIV/Transparent_160x3.gif) |
| ![](../DIV/Transparent_500x1.gif)
Dipsas temporalis
Esmeraldes Snail Eater | ![](../DIV/Transparent_500x1.gif)
Auth 1994
Cadle 2005
Flores, Cruz, Pena, Cisneros & Ortega 2015
Harvey & Embert 2008
Harvey 2008
Ibanez, Solis, Jaramillo & Rand 2001
Jaramillo, Wilson, Ibanez & Jaramillo 2010
Lotzkat, Hertz & Koehler 2012
Perez-Santos, Moreno & Gearhart 1993
Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970
Ray & Ruback 2015
Villa, Wilson & Johnson 1988
![](../DIV/Transparent_160x10.gif) |
![](../maps1/TAX/Serpentes/Colubridae/GIF/Drymobius_margaritiferus_160h.gif) ![](../DIV/Transparent_160x3.gif) |
| ![](../DIV/Transparent_500x1.gif)
Drymobius margaritiferus
Speckled Racer | ![](../DIV/Transparent_500x1.gif)
Auth 1994
Batista, Mebert, Miranda, Garces, Fuentes & Ponce 2020
Ibanez, Solis, Jaramillo & Rand 2001
Jaramillo, Wilson, Ibanez & Jaramillo 2010
Perez-Santos, Moreno & Gearhart 1993
Ray & Ruback 2015
Villa, Wilson & Johnson 1988
![](../DIV/Transparent_160x10.gif) |
![](../maps1/TAX/Serpentes/Colubridae/GIF/Enuliophis_sclateri_160h.gif) ![](../DIV/Transparent_160x3.gif) |
| ![](../DIV/Transparent_500x1.gif)
Enuliophis sclateri
White-headed Snake | ![](../DIV/Transparent_500x1.gif)
Auth 1994
Barrio-Amoros, Quiroz, Porras-Ramirez, Villanueva-Maldonado, Estrada-Garcia & Batista 2023
Ibanez, Solis, Jaramillo & Rand 2001
Jaramillo, Wilson, Ibanez & Jaramillo 2010
Perez-Santos, Moreno & Gearhart 1993
Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970
Ray & Ruback 2015
Villa, Wilson & Johnson 1988
![](../DIV/Transparent_160x10.gif) |
Genus
Enulius (Middle American Long-tailed Snakes) |
![](../maps1/TAX/Serpentes/Colubridae/GIF/Enulius_60h.gif) |
![](../links/Enulius_bibliography_link.gif) |
Genus
Geophis (Central American Earth Snakes) |
![](../maps1/TAX/Serpentes/Colubridae/GIF/Geophis_60h.gif) |
![](../links/Geophis_bibliography_link.gif) |
![](../maps1/TAX/Serpentes/Colubridae/GIF/Geophis_godmani_160h.gif) ![](../DIV/Transparent_160x3.gif) |
| ![](../DIV/Transparent_500x1.gif)
Geophis godmani
Irazu Earth Snake | ![](../DIV/Transparent_500x1.gif)
Auth 1994
Barrio-Amoros, Quiroz, Porras-Ramirez, Villanueva-Maldonado, Estrada-Garcia & Batista 2023
Batista, Hertz, Ponce & Lotzkat 2020
Downs 1967
Ibanez, Solis, Jaramillo & Rand 2001
Jaramillo, Wilson, Ibanez & Jaramillo 2010
Perez-Santos, Moreno & Gearhart 1993
Savage & Watling 2008
Villa, Wilson & Johnson 1988
Wilson & Townsend 2007
![](../DIV/Transparent_160x10.gif) |
![](../maps1/TAX/Serpentes/Colubridae/GIF/Geophis_hoffmanni_160h.gif) ![](../DIV/Transparent_160x3.gif) |
| ![](../DIV/Transparent_500x1.gif)
Geophis hoffmanni
Costa Rican Earth Snake | ![](../DIV/Transparent_500x1.gif)
Auth 1994
Barrio-Amoros, Quiroz, Porras-Ramirez, Villanueva-Maldonado, Estrada-Garcia & Batista 2023
Downs 1967
Ibanez, Solis, Jaramillo & Rand 2001
Jaramillo, Wilson, Ibanez & Jaramillo 2010
Perez-Santos, Moreno & Gearhart 1993
Ray & Ruback 2015
Savage & Watling 2008
Townsend 2006
Villa, Wilson & Johnson 1988
Wilson & Townsend 2007
![](../DIV/Transparent_160x10.gif) |
![](../maps1/TAX/Serpentes/Colubridae/GIF/Hydromorphus_concolor_160h.gif) ![](../DIV/Transparent_160x3.gif) |
| ![](../DIV/Transparent_500x1.gif)
Hydromorphus concolor
Common Central American Water Snake | ![](../DIV/Transparent_500x1.gif)
Auth 1994
Barrio-Amoros, Quiroz, Porras-Ramirez, Villanueva-Maldonado, Estrada-Garcia & Batista 2023
Ibanez, Solis, Jaramillo & Rand 2001
Jaramillo, Wilson, Ibanez & Jaramillo 2010
Perez-Santos, Moreno & Gearhart 1993
Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970
Ray & Ruback 2015
Villa, Wilson & Johnson 1988
![](../DIV/Transparent_160x10.gif) |
Genus
Imantodes (American Blunt-headed Tree Snakes) |
![](../maps1/TAX/Serpentes/Colubridae/GIF/Imantodes_60h.gif) |
![](../links/Imantodes_bibliography_link.gif) |
![](../maps1/TAX/Serpentes/Colubridae/GIF/Imantodes_cenchoa_160h.gif) ![](../DIV/Transparent_160x3.gif) |
| ![](../DIV/Transparent_500x1.gif)
Imantodes cenchoa
Common Blunt-headed Tree Snake | ![](../DIV/Transparent_500x1.gif)
Auth 1994
Barrio-Amoros, Quiroz, Porras-Ramirez, Villanueva-Maldonado, Estrada-Garcia & Batista 2023
Batista, Mebert, Miranda, Garces, Fuentes & Ponce 2020
Chippaux 1987
Ibanez, Solis, Jaramillo & Rand 2001
Jaramillo, Wilson, Ibanez & Jaramillo 2010
Myers 1982
Perez-Santos, Moreno & Gearhart 1993
Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970
Ray & Ruback 2015
Villa, Wilson & Johnson 1988
![](../DIV/Transparent_160x10.gif) |
![](../maps1/TAX/Serpentes/Colubridae/GIF/Lampropeltis_micropholis_160h.gif) ![](../DIV/Transparent_160x3.gif) |
| ![](../DIV/Transparent_500x1.gif)
Lampropeltis micropholis
Southern Milk Snake | ![](../DIV/Transparent_500x1.gif)
Auth 1994 [as triangulum]
Barrio-Amoros, Quiroz, Porras-Ramirez, Villanueva-Maldonado, Estrada-Garcia & Batista 2023
Ibanez, Solis, Jaramillo & Rand 2001 [as triangulum]
Jaramillo, Wilson, Ibanez & Jaramillo 2010 [as triangulum]
Markel 1990
Perez-Santos, Moreno & Gearhart 1993
Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970
Ray & Ruback 2015
Ruane 2015
Ruane, Bryson, Pyron & Burbrink 2014
Villa, Wilson & Johnson 1988 [as triangulum]
![](../DIV/Transparent_160x10.gif) |
![](../maps1/TAX/Serpentes/Colubridae/GIF/Leptodeira_ornata_160h.gif) ![](../DIV/Transparent_160x3.gif) |
| ![](../DIV/Transparent_500x1.gif)
Leptodeira ornata
Panamanian Small-spotted Cat-eyed Snake | ![](../DIV/Transparent_500x1.gif)
Auth 1994 [as septentrionalis]
Barrio-Amoros 2019
Batista, Mebert, Miranda, Garces, Fuentes & Ponce 2020
Duellman 1958
Ibanez, Solis, Jaramillo & Rand 2001 [as septentrionalis]
Jaramillo, Wilson, Ibanez & Jaramillo 2010 [as septentrionalis]
Perez-Santos, Moreno & Gearhart 1993
Ray & Ruback 2015 [as septentrionalis]
Torres-Carvajal, Sanchez-Nivicela, Posse, Celi & Koch 2020
Villa, Wilson & Johnson 1988 [as septentrionalis]
![](../DIV/Transparent_160x10.gif) |
![](../maps1/TAX/Serpentes/Colubridae/GIF/Leptodeira_rhombifera_160h.gif) ![](../DIV/Transparent_160x3.gif) |
| ![](../DIV/Transparent_500x1.gif)
Leptodeira rhombifera
Central American Banded Cat-eyed Snake | ![](../DIV/Transparent_500x1.gif)
Auth 1994 [as annulata]
Barrio-Amoros 2019
Barrio-Amoros, Quiroz, Porras-Ramirez, Villanueva-Maldonado, Estrada-Garcia & Batista 2023
Duellman 1958
Ibanez, Solis, Jaramillo & Rand 2001 [as annulata]
Jaramillo, Wilson, Ibanez & Jaramillo 2010 [as annulata]
McCranie 2011
Perez-Santos, Moreno & Gearhart 1993
Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970
Ray & Ruback 2015
Villa, Wilson & Johnson 1988 [as annulata]
![](../DIV/Transparent_160x10.gif) |
![](../maps1/TAX/Serpentes/Colubridae/GIF/Leptophis_occidentalis_160h.gif) ![](../DIV/Transparent_160x3.gif) |
| ![](../DIV/Transparent_500x1.gif)
Leptophis occidentalis
Guayaquil Parrot Snake | ![](../DIV/Transparent_500x1.gif)
Albuquerque & Fernandes 2022
Albuquerque, Santos, Borges-Nojosa & Avila 2022
Auth 1994 [as L. ahaetulla]
Ibanez, Solis, Jaramillo & Rand 2001 [as L. ahaetulla]
Jaramillo, Wilson, Ibanez & Jaramillo 2010 [as L. ahaetulla]
Murphy, Charles, Lehtinen & Koeller 2013
Oliver 1948
Perez-Santos, Moreno & Gearhart 1993
Ray & Ruback 2015 [as L. ahaetulla]
Torres-Carvajal & Teran 2021
Villa, Wilson & Johnson 1988 [as L. ahaetulla]
![](../DIV/Transparent_160x10.gif) |
Genus
Lygophis (South American Striped Ground Snakes) |
![](../maps1/TAX/Serpentes/Colubridae/GIF/Lygophis_60h.gif) |
![](../links/Lygophis_bibliography_link.gif) |
Genus
Masticophis (North American Whip Snakes and Coachwhips) |
![](../maps1/TAX/Serpentes/Colubridae/GIF/Masticophis_60h.gif) |
![](../links/Masticophis_bibliography_link.gif) |
![](../maps1/TAX/Serpentes/Colubridae/GIF/Mastigodryas_alternatus_160h.gif) ![](../DIV/Transparent_160x3.gif) |
| ![](../DIV/Transparent_500x1.gif)
Mastigodryas alternatus
Central American Lizard Eater | ![](../DIV/Transparent_500x1.gif)
Auth 1994 [as melanolomus]
Ibanez, Solis, Jaramillo & Rand 2001 [as melanolomus]
Jaramillo, Wilson, Ibanez & Jaramillo 2010 [as melanolomus]
McCranie 2011
Montingelli 2009
Montingelli, Grazziotin, Battilana, Murphy, Zhang & Zaher 2019
Perez-Santos, Moreno & Gearhart 1993
Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970
Ray & Ruback 2015
Villa, Wilson & Johnson 1988 [as melanolomus]
![](../DIV/Transparent_160x10.gif) |
![](../maps1/TAX/Serpentes/Colubridae/GIF/Mastigodryas_pleei_160h.gif) ![](../DIV/Transparent_160x3.gif) |
| ![](../DIV/Transparent_500x1.gif)
Mastigodryas pleei
Many-lined Lizard Eater | ![](../DIV/Transparent_500x1.gif)
Auth 1994
Barrio-Amoros, Quiroz, Porras-Ramirez, Villanueva-Maldonado, Estrada-Garcia & Batista 2023
Batista, Hertz, Ponce & Lotzkat 2020
Ibanez, Solis, Jaramillo & Rand 2001
Jaramillo, Wilson, Ibanez & Jaramillo 2010
Montingelli & Zaher 2011
Montingelli 2009
Montingelli, Grazziotin, Battilana, Murphy, Zhang & Zaher 2019
Perez-Santos, Moreno & Gearhart 1993
Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970
Ray & Ruback 2015
Villa, Wilson & Johnson 1988
![](../DIV/Transparent_160x10.gif) |
Genus
Ninia (Coffee Snakes) |
![](../maps1/TAX/Serpentes/Colubridae/GIF/Ninia_60h.gif) |
![](../links/Ninia_bibliography_link.gif) |
Genus
Oxybelis (Neotropical Vine Snakes) |
![](../maps1/TAX/Serpentes/Colubridae/GIF/Oxybelis_60h.gif) |
![](../links/Oxybelis_bibliography_link.gif) |
![](../maps1/TAX/Serpentes/Colubridae/GIF/Oxybelis_brevirostris_160h.gif) ![](../DIV/Transparent_160x3.gif) |
| ![](../DIV/Transparent_500x1.gif)
Oxybelis brevirostris
Short-nosed Vine Snake | ![](../DIV/Transparent_500x1.gif)
Auth 1994
Batista, Mebert, Miranda, Garces, Fuentes & Ponce 2020
Ibanez, Solis, Jaramillo & Rand 2001
Jaramillo, Wilson, Ibanez & Jaramillo 2010
Perez-Santos, Moreno & Gearhart 1993
Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970
Ray & Ruback 2015
Villa, Wilson & Johnson 1988
![](../DIV/Transparent_160x10.gif) |
![](../maps1/TAX/Serpentes/Colubridae/GIF/Oxybelis_vittatus_160h.gif) ![](../DIV/Transparent_160x3.gif) |
* | ![](../DIV/Transparent_500x1.gif)
Oxybelis vittatus
Striped Vine Snake | ![](../DIV/Transparent_500x1.gif)
Auth 1994 [as aeneus]
Ibanez, Solis, Jaramillo & Rand 2001 [as aeneus]
Jadin, Blair, Orlofske, Jowers, Rivas, Vitt, Ray, Smith & Murphy 2020
Jaramillo, Wilson, Ibanez & Jaramillo 2010 [as aeneus]
Keiser 1974 [as aeneus]
Keiser 1982 [as aeneus]
Perez-Santos, Moreno & Gearhart 1993 [as aeneus]
Ray & Ruback 2015 [as aeneus]
Villa, Wilson & Johnson 1988 [as aeneus]
![](../DIV/Transparent_160x10.gif) |
![](../maps1/TAX/Serpentes/Colubridae/GIF/Oxyrhopus_petolarius_160h.gif) ![](../DIV/Transparent_160x3.gif) |
| ![](../DIV/Transparent_500x1.gif)
Oxyrhopus petolarius
Banded Calico Snake | ![](../DIV/Transparent_500x1.gif)
Auth 1994
Barrio-Amoros, Quiroz, Porras-Ramirez, Villanueva-Maldonado, Estrada-Garcia & Batista 2023
Batista, Mebert, Miranda, Garces, Fuentes & Ponce 2020
Ibanez, Solis, Jaramillo & Rand 2001
Jaramillo, Wilson, Ibanez & Jaramillo 2010
Perez-Santos, Moreno & Gearhart 1993
Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970
Ray & Ruback 2015
Villa, Wilson & Johnson 1988
![](../DIV/Transparent_160x10.gif) |
Genus
Phimophis (South American Shovel-nosed Snakes) |
![](../maps1/TAX/Serpentes/Colubridae/GIF/Phimophis_60h.gif) |
![](../links/Phimophis_bibliography_link.gif) |
![](../maps1/TAX/Serpentes/Colubridae/GIF/Pliocercus_euryzonus_160h.gif) ![](../DIV/Transparent_160x3.gif) |
| ![](../DIV/Transparent_500x1.gif)
Pliocercus euryzonus
Southern False Coral Snake | ![](../DIV/Transparent_500x1.gif)
Auth 1994
Batista, Mebert, Miranda, Garces, Fuentes & Ponce 2020
Ibanez, Solis, Jaramillo & Rand 2001
Jaramillo, Wilson, Ibanez & Jaramillo 2010
Perez-Santos, Moreno & Gearhart 1993
Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970
Ray & Ruback 2015
Smith & Chiszar 2001
Villa, Wilson & Johnson 1988
![](../DIV/Transparent_160x10.gif) |
![](../maps1/TAX/Serpentes/Colubridae/GIF/Rhadinaea_decorata_160h.gif) ![](../DIV/Transparent_160x3.gif) |
| ![](../DIV/Transparent_500x1.gif)
Rhadinaea decorata
Adorned Graceful Brown Snake | ![](../DIV/Transparent_500x1.gif)
Auth 1994
Barrio-Amoros, Quiroz, Porras-Ramirez, Villanueva-Maldonado, Estrada-Garcia & Batista 2023
Batista, Mebert, Miranda, Garces, Fuentes & Ponce 2020
Ibanez, Solis, Jaramillo & Rand 2001
Jaramillo, Wilson, Ibanez & Jaramillo 2010
Myers 1974
Perez-Santos, Moreno & Gearhart 1993
Ray & Ruback 2015
Villa, Wilson & Johnson 1988
![](../DIV/Transparent_160x10.gif) |
Genus
Sibon (Neotropical Snail Eaters) |
![](../maps1/TAX/Serpentes/Colubridae/GIF/Sibon_60h.gif) |
![](../links/Sibon_bibliography_link.gif) |
![](../maps1/TAX/Serpentes/Colubridae/GIF/Sibon_nebulatus_160h.gif) ![](../DIV/Transparent_160x3.gif) |
| ![](../DIV/Transparent_500x1.gif)
Sibon nebulatus
Cloudy Snail Eater | ![](../DIV/Transparent_500x1.gif)
Auth 1994
Batista, Mebert, Miranda, Garces, Fuentes & Ponce 2020
Harvey 2008
Ibanez, Solis, Jaramillo & Rand 2001
Jaramillo, Wilson, Ibanez & Jaramillo 2010
Koehler, Lotzkat & Hertz 2010
Perez-Santos, Moreno & Gearhart 1993
Peters 1960
Ray & Ruback 2015
Villa, Wilson & Johnson 1988
![](../DIV/Transparent_160x10.gif) |
![](../maps1/TAX/Serpentes/Colubridae/GIF/Spilotes_pullatus_160h.gif) ![](../DIV/Transparent_160x3.gif) |
| ![](../DIV/Transparent_500x1.gif)
Spilotes pullatus
Chicken Snake | ![](../DIV/Transparent_500x1.gif)
Auth 1994
Batista, Mebert, Miranda, Garces, Fuentes & Ponce 2020
Ibanez, Solis, Jaramillo & Rand 2001
Jaramillo, Wilson, Ibanez & Jaramillo 2010
Perez-Santos, Moreno & Gearhart 1993
Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970
Ray & Ruback 2015
Villa, Wilson & Johnson 1988
![](../DIV/Transparent_160x10.gif) |
Genus
Tantilla (American Centipede Snakes) |
![](../maps1/TAX/Serpentes/Colubridae/GIF/Tantilla_60h.gif) |
![](../links/Tantilla_bibliography_link.gif) |
![](../maps1/TAX/Serpentes/Colubridae/GIF/Tantilla_alticola_160h.gif) ![](../DIV/Transparent_160x3.gif) |
| ![](../DIV/Transparent_500x1.gif)
Tantilla alticola
Santa Rita Centipede Snake | ![](../DIV/Transparent_500x1.gif)
Ibanez, Solis, Jaramillo & Rand 2001
Jaramillo, Wilson, Ibanez & Jaramillo 2010
Myers, Ruane, Knight, Knight & Ray 2013
Perez-Santos, Moreno & Gearhart 1993
Solis, Ibanez & Jaramillo 1996
Villa, Wilson & Johnson 1988
Wilson & Mata-Silva 2015
![](../DIV/Transparent_160x10.gif) |
![](../maps1/TAX/Serpentes/Colubridae/GIF/Trimetopon_barbouri_160h.gif) ![](../DIV/Transparent_160x3.gif) |
| ![](../DIV/Transparent_500x1.gif)
Trimetopon barbouri
Panamanian Dwarf Snake | ![](../DIV/Transparent_500x1.gif)
Auth 1994
Derry, Ruback & Ray 2015
Ibanez, Solis, Jaramillo & Rand 2001
Jaramillo, Wilson, Ibanez & Jaramillo 2010
Perez-Santos, Moreno & Gearhart 1993
Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970
Ray & Ruback 2015
Ray, DeCero, Ruback, Wedow & Knight 2013
Villa, Wilson & Johnson 1988
![](../DIV/Transparent_160x10.gif) |
Genus
Xenodon (Northern Mock Lanceheads and South American Hognose Snakes) |
![](../maps1/TAX/Serpentes/Colubridae/GIF/Xenodon_60h.gif) |
![](../links/Xenodon_bibliography_link.gif) |
Family
Elapidae [part 1: terrestrial species] (Cobras, Mambas, etc.) | ![](../maps1/TAX/FAM_ORDER_CLASS/GIF/Elapidae_1_60h.gif) | ![](../links/Elapidae_1_bibliography_link.gif) |
Family
Elapidae [part 2: marine species] (Sea Snakes) | ![](../maps1/TAX/FAM_ORDER_CLASS/GIF/Elapidae_2_60h.gif) | ![](../links/Elapidae_2_bibliography_link.gif) |
Genus
Epictia (Neotropical Thread Snakes) |
![](../maps1/TAX/Serpentes/Leptotyphlopidae/GIF/Epictia_60h.gif) |
![](../links/Epictia_bibliography_link.gif) |
![](../maps1/TAX/Serpentes/Leptotyphlopidae/GIF/Trilepida_macrolepis_160h.gif) ![](../DIV/Transparent_160x3.gif) |
| ![](../DIV/Transparent_500x1.gif)
Trilepida macrolepis
Large-scaled Thread Snake | ![](../DIV/Transparent_500x1.gif)
Auth 1994
Barrio-Amoros, Quiroz, Porras-Ramirez, Villanueva-Maldonado, Estrada-Garcia & Batista 2023
Ibanez, Solis, Jaramillo & Rand 2001
Jaramillo, Wilson, Ibanez & Jaramillo 2010
McDiarmid, Campbell & Toure 1999
Perez-Santos, Moreno & Gearhart 1993
Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970
Ray & Ruback 2015
Villa, Wilson & Johnson 1988
![](../DIV/Transparent_160x10.gif) |
![](../maps1/TAX/Serpentes/Viperidae/GIF/Bothriechis_schlegelii_160h.gif) ![](../DIV/Transparent_160x3.gif) |
| ![](../DIV/Transparent_500x1.gif)
Bothriechis schlegelii
Eyelash Palm Pitviper | ![](../DIV/Transparent_500x1.gif)
Auth 1994
Batista, Mebert, Miranda, Garces, Fuentes & Ponce 2020
Campbell & Lamar 2004
Ibanez, Solis, Jaramillo & Rand 2001
Jaramillo, Wilson, Ibanez & Jaramillo 2010
Perez-Santos, Moreno & Gearhart 1993
Ray & Ruback 2015
Villa, Wilson & Johnson 1988
![](../DIV/Transparent_160x10.gif) |
![](../maps1/TAX/Serpentes/Viperidae/GIF/Bothrops_asper_160h.gif) ![](../DIV/Transparent_160x3.gif) |
| ![](../DIV/Transparent_500x1.gif)
Bothrops asper
Central American Lancehead | ![](../DIV/Transparent_500x1.gif)
Auth 1994
Barrio-Amoros, Quiroz, Porras-Ramirez, Villanueva-Maldonado, Estrada-Garcia & Batista 2023
Batista, Mebert, Miranda, Garces, Fuentes & Ponce 2020
Campbell & Lamar 2004
Ibanez, Solis, Jaramillo & Rand 2001
Jaramillo, Wilson, Ibanez & Jaramillo 2010
Perez-Santos, Moreno & Gearhart 1993
Ray & Ruback 2015
Villa, Wilson & Johnson 1988
![](../DIV/Transparent_160x10.gif) |
![](../maps1/TAX/Serpentes/Viperidae/GIF/Lachesis_acrochorda_160h.gif) ![](../DIV/Transparent_160x3.gif) |
| ![](../DIV/Transparent_500x1.gif)
Lachesis acrochorda
Chocoan Bushmaster | ![](../DIV/Transparent_500x1.gif)
Barrio-Amoros, Corrales, Rodriguez, Culebras, Dwyer & Flores 2020
Batista, Mebert, Miranda, Garces, Fuentes & Ponce 2020
Campbell & Lamar 2004
Fuentes & Corrales 2016
Jaramillo, Wilson, Ibanez & Jaramillo 2010
Perez-Santos, Moreno & Gearhart 1993 [as L. m. muta]
![](../DIV/Transparent_160x10.gif) |
![](../maps1/TAX/Serpentes/Viperidae/GIF/Porthidium_lansbergi_160h.gif) ![](../DIV/Transparent_160x3.gif) |
| ![](../DIV/Transparent_500x1.gif)
Porthidium lansbergi
Colombian Hognosed Pitviper | ![](../DIV/Transparent_500x1.gif)
Auth 1994
Batista, Mebert, Miranda, Garces, Fuentes & Ponce 2020
Campbell & Lamar 2004
David, Dobiey & Vogel 2018
Ibanez, Solis, Jaramillo & Rand 2001
Jaramillo, Wilson, Ibanez & Jaramillo 2010
Perez-Santos, Moreno & Gearhart 1993
Ray & Ruback 2015
Villa, Wilson & Johnson 1988
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