Reptiles of
Nicaragua 

Related checklists:  Islas del Maiz

Bibliography of the reptiles of Nicaragua Taxonomic history of the reptiles of Nicaragua Introduced species
Home - Taxonomy - Geography - Biodiversity - Literature - Purchase RepFocus Recent updates
Citation: Midtgaard, Rune. RepFocus - A Survey of the Reptiles of the World. www.repfocus.dk (Compilation date: 14th April, 2023).

Checklist
General remarks: The list includes only formally described species. Newly discovered, but still unnamed species are excluded. However, unnamed species or species unassigned to species level are included, if they are the only representatives of their genus in the region. Species counts exclude extinct and introduced species. Doubtful records, typically older voucher specimens of uncertain origin, have been excluded if considered questionable, as are records based on sources considered unreliable or controversial.
Note: Your comments to the checklist (omissions, errors, etc.) are welcomed, preferably if they are provided with reliable references. If possible, please attach a pdf file of the relevant reference to an email addressed to:
Crocodilians (Crocodylia)
= endemicEX = extinct or assumed extinct

Species
References
 Family Alligatoridae (Alligators and Caimans)
Genus Caiman (Typical Caimans)
 
Caiman crocodilus
Common Caiman
Busack & Pandya 2001 Koehler 1999 Sunyer & Koehler 2010 Sunyer 2014 Villa, Wilson & Johnson 1988
 Family Crocodylidae (Crocodiles)
Genus Crocodylus (Typical Crocodiles)
 
Crocodylus acutus
American Crocodile
Koehler 1999 Sunyer & Koehler 2010 Sunyer 2014 Villa, Wilson & Johnson 1988

Lizards (Sauria)
= endemicEX = extinct or assumed extinct

Species
References
 Family Anguidae (Slowworms, etc.)
Genus Abronia (Arboreal Alligator Lizards)
 
Abronia moreletii
Peten Alligator Lizard
Koehler 1999 Koehler 2000 Peters & Donoso-Barros 1970 Sunyer & Koehler 2007 Sunyer & Koehler 2010 Sunyer 2014 Villa, Wilson & Johnson 1988 Wermuth 1969
Genus Diploglossus (Neotropical Forest Lizards)
 
Diploglossus monotropis
Yellow-headed Forest Lizard
Koehler 1999 Koehler 2000 Schools & Hedges 2021 Sunyer & Koehler 2010 Sunyer 2014 Villa 1971 Villa, Wilson & Johnson 1988
Genus Mesoamericus (Talamancan Forest Lizard)
 
Mesoamericus bilobatus
Talamancan Forest Lizard
Koehler, Quintana, Buitrago & Diethert 2004 Schools & Hedges 2021 Sunyer & Koehler 2010 Sunyer 2014
Genus Siderolamprus (Middle American Forest Lizards)
 
Siderolamprus bivittatus
Two-striped Lesser Forest Lizard
Campbell & Camarillo R. 1994 Koehler 1999 Koehler 2000 Schools & Hedges 2021 Sunyer & Koehler 2010 Sunyer 2014 Villa & Wilson 1988 Villa, Wilson & Johnson 1988
 Family Anolidae (Anoles)
Genus Norops (Brilliant Anoles)
 
Norops auratus
Surinam Grass Anole
Ribeiro-Junior & Amaral 2016 Ribeiro-Junior 2015
 
Norops beckeri
Yucatan Lichen Anole
Koehler 2010 Sunyer 2014
 
Norops biporcatus
Central American Giant Green Anole
Armstead, Ayala-Varela, Torres-Carvajal, Ryan & Poe 2017 Jansen & Koehler 2003 [2002] Koehler 1999 Koehler 2000 Sunyer & Koehler 2010 Sunyer 2014 Travers, Townsend, Sunyer, Obando, Wilson & Nickerson 2011 Villa, Wilson & Johnson 1988
 
Norops capito
Big-headed Anole
Jansen & Koehler 2003 [2002] Koehler 1999 Koehler 2000 Sunyer & Koehler 2010 Sunyer 2014 Travers, Townsend, Sunyer, Obando, Wilson & Nickerson 2011 Villa, Wilson & Johnson 1988
 
Norops carpenteri
Cartago Anole
Koehler 1999 Koehler 2000 Sunyer & Koehler 2007 Sunyer & Koehler 2010 Sunyer 2014 Travers, Townsend, Sunyer, Obando, Wilson & Nickerson 2011 Vanzolini 1986 Villa, Wilson & Johnson 1988
 
Norops cupreus
Central American Copper Anole
Jansen & Koehler 2003 [2002] Koehler & Kreutz 1999 Koehler 1999 Koehler 2000 Sunyer & Koehler 2010 Sunyer 2014 Villa, Wilson & Johnson 1988
  *
Norops dariense
Dariense Mountains Copper Anole
Fitch & Seigel 1984 Sunyer 2014
 
Norops humilis
Central American Humble Anole
Phillips, Sunyer & Nicholson 2015
 
Norops intermedius
Intermediate Anole
Jansen & Koehler 2003 [2002] [as laeviventris] Koehler 1999 [as laeviventris] Koehler 2000 [as laeviventris] McCranie, Koehler & Wilson 2000 [as laeviventris] Peters & Donoso-Barros 1970 Sunyer & Koehler 2010 [as laeviventris] Sunyer 2014 [as laeviventris] Villa, Wilson & Johnson 1988 [as laeviventris]
 
Norops lemurinus
Ghost Anole
Koehler 1999 Koehler 2000 Peters & Donoso-Barros 1970 [as rhombifer] Sunyer & Koehler 2010 Sunyer 2014 Villa, Wilson & Johnson 1988 [as rhombifer]
 
Norops limifrons
Slender Anole
Jansen & Koehler 2003 [2002] Koehler & McCranie 2001 Koehler 1999 Koehler 2000 Peters & Donoso-Barros 1970 Sunyer & Koehler 2010 Sunyer 2014 Villa, Wilson & Johnson 1988
 
Norops mccraniei
Gualaco Scaly Anole
Jansen & Koehler 2003 [2002] [as tropidonotus] Koehler 1999 [as tropidonotus] Koehler 2000 [as tropidonotus] Koehler, Townsend & Petersen 2016 McCranie & Koehler 2001 [as tropidonotus] Peters & Donoso-Barros 1970 [as t. tropidonotus] Sunyer & Koehler 2007 [as tropidonotus] Sunyer & Koehler 2010 [as tropidonotus] Sunyer 2014 [as tropidonotus] Villa, Wilson & Johnson 1988 [as tropidonotus]
 
Norops oxylophus
Central American Stream Anole
Koehler 1999 Koehler 2000 [as lionotus] Sunyer & Koehler 2010 Sunyer 2014 Villa, Wilson & Johnson 1988
 
Norops pentaprion
Common Lichen Anole
Koehler 1999 Koehler 2000 Nicholson & Koehler 2014 Peters & Donoso-Barros 1970 Sunyer & Koehler 2010 Sunyer 2014
 
Norops quaggulus
Nicaraguan Humble Anole
Koehler, Alt, Grunfelder, Dehling & Sunyer 2006 Koehler, Poe, Ryan & Koehler 2015 Sunyer & Koehler 2010 Sunyer 2014
 
Norops unilobatus
Awasbila Anole
Barbour & Loveridge 1929 [as sallaei] Koehler & Vesely 2010 Koehler, Trejo-Perez, Petersen & Mendez de la Cruz 2014 Sunyer 2014 Sunyer, Nicholson, Phillips, Gubler & Obando 2013
  *
Norops villai
Corn Islands Anole
Barbour & Loveridge 1929 [as rodriguezii] Fitch & Henderson 1976 Fitch & Seigel 1984 Koehler 1999 Koehler 2000 Sunyer & Koehler 2010 Sunyer 2014 Sunyer, Nicholson, Phillips, Gubler & Obando 2013 Villa, Wilson & Johnson 1988
 
Norops wellbornae
San Salvador Anole
Koehler & Vesely 2010 Sunyer 2014
 
Norops wermuthi
Jinotega Anole
Jansen & Koehler 2003 [2002] Koehler & Obermeier 1998 Koehler 1999 Koehler 2000 Sunyer & Koehler 2010 Sunyer 2014 Travers, Townsend, Sunyer, Obando, Wilson & Nickerson 2011
 Family Corytophanidae (Basilisks)
Genus Basiliscus (Typical Basilisks)
 
Basiliscus basiliscus
Common Basilisk
Koehler 1999 Koehler 2000 Sunyer & Koehler 2010 Sunyer 2014 Villa, Wilson & Johnson 1988
 
Basiliscus plumifrons
Plumed Basilisk
Koehler 1999 Koehler 2000 Peters & Donoso-Barros 1970 Sunyer & Koehler 2010 Sunyer 2014 Villa, Wilson & Johnson 1988
 
Basiliscus vittatus
Banded Basilisk
Koehler 1999 Koehler 2000 Sunyer & Koehler 2010 Sunyer 2014 Villa, Wilson & Johnson 1988
Genus Corytophanes (Helmeted Basilisks)
 
Corytophanes cristatus
Smooth-headed Helmeted Basilisk
Koehler 1999 Koehler 2000 Sunyer & Koehler 2010 Sunyer 2014 Sunyer, Nicholson, Phillips, Gubler & Obando 2013 Villa, Wilson & Johnson 1988
Genus Laemanctus (Casque-headed Iguanas)
 
Laemanctus longipes
Eastern Casque-headed Iguana
Koehler 1999 Koehler 2000 Sunyer & Koehler 2010 Sunyer 2014 Villa 1971 Villa, Wilson & Johnson 1988
 Family Eublepharidae (Eyelid Geckos)
Genus Coleonyx (Banded Eyelid Geckos)
 
Coleonyx mitratus
Central American Banded Gecko
Koehler 1999 Koehler 2000 Peters & Donoso-Barros 1970 Sunyer & Koehler 2010 Sunyer 2014 Sunyer, Martinez-Fonseca, Salazar-Saavedra, Arroliga, Rivera Blandon & Gutierrez Rodriguez 2017 Villa, Wilson & Johnson 1988
 Family Gymnophthalmidae (Scaly-tongued Spectacled Tejus)
Genus Gymnophthalmus (Snake-eyed Tejus)
 
Gymnophthalmus speciosus
Golden Snake-eyed Teju
Jansen & Koehler 2003 [2002] Koehler 1999 Koehler 2000 Peters & Donoso-Barros 1970 Sunyer & Koehler 2010 Sunyer 2014 Villa, Wilson & Johnson 1988
 Family Iguanidae (Greater Iguanas)
Genus Ctenosaura (Northern Spiny-tailed Iguanas)
 
Ctenosaura quinquecarinata
Central American Armed Iguana
Hasbun & Koehler 2009 Koehler & Hasbun 2001 Koehler 1999 Koehler 2000 Peters & Donoso-Barros 1970 Sunyer & Koehler 2010 Sunyer 2014 Villa 1971
 
Ctenosaura similis
Central American Black Iguana
Barbour & Loveridge 1929 Jansen & Koehler 2003 [2002] Koehler 1999 Koehler 2000 Koehler 2002 Sunyer & Koehler 2010 Sunyer 2014 Sunyer, Nicholson, Phillips, Gubler & Obando 2013 Villa, Wilson & Johnson 1988
Genus Iguana (Green Iguanas)
 
Iguana rhinolopha
Northern Green Iguana
Barbour & Loveridge 1929 [as I. delicatissima] Etheridge in Burghardt & Rand 1982 [as I. iguana] Henderson & Powell 2009 [as I. iguana] Koehler 1999 [as I. iguana] Koehler 2000 [as I. iguana] Sunyer & Koehler 2010 [as I. iguana] Sunyer 2014 [as I. iguana] Sunyer, Nicholson, Phillips, Gubler & Obando 2013 [as I. iguana] Villa, Wilson & Johnson 1988 [as I. iguana]
 Family Phrynosomatidae (North American Lesser Iguanas)
Genus Sceloporus (Northern Spiny Lizards)
 
Sceloporus malachiticus
Malachite Spiny Lizard
Jansen & Koehler 2003 [2002] Koehler 1999 Koehler 2000 Sunyer & Koehler 2010 Sunyer 2014 Villa, Wilson & Johnson 1988
 
Sceloporus olloporus
Central American Rose-bellied Lizard
Jansen & Koehler 2003 [2002] [as S. variabilis] Koehler 1999 Koehler 2000 Smith 1937 Smith, Perez-Higareda & Chiszar 1993 Sunyer & Koehler 2010 [as S. variabilis] Sunyer 2014 [as S. variabilis]
 
Sceloporus squamosus
Central American Dwarf Spiny Lizard
Koehler 1999 Koehler 2000 Sunyer & Koehler 2010 Sunyer 2014 Villa, Wilson & Johnson 1988
 Family Phyllodactylidae (Leaf-toed Geckos)
Genus Phyllodactylus (American Leaf-toed Geckos)
 
Phyllodactylus tuberculosus
Yellow-bellied Leaf-toed Gecko
Koehler 1999 Koehler 2000 Sunyer & Koehler 2010 Sunyer 2014 Villa, Wilson & Johnson 1988
Genus Thecadactylus (Turnip-tailed Geckos)
 
Thecadactylus rapicauda
Northern Turnip-tailed Gecko
Barbour & Loveridge 1929 Koehler & Vesely 2011 Koehler 1999 Koehler 2000 Sunyer & Koehler 2010 Sunyer 2014 Sunyer, Nicholson, Phillips, Gubler & Obando 2013 Villa, Wilson & Johnson 1988
 Family Polychrotidae (Monkey Lizards)
Genus Polychrus (Monkey Lizards)
 
Polychrus gutturosus
Central American Monkey Lizard
Koehler 1999 Koehler 2000 Peters & Donoso-Barros 1970 Sunyer & Koehler 2010 Sunyer 2014 Villa 1971 Villa, Wilson & Johnson 1988
 Family Scincidae (Skinks)
Genus Marisora (Middle American Skinks)
 
Marisora alliacea
Costa Rican Four-lined Skink
McCranie, Matthews & Hedges 2020
 
Marisora brachypoda
Middle American Short-limbed Skink
McCranie, Matthews & Hedges 2020
  *
Marisora magnacornae
East Nicaraguan Skink
Barbour & Loveridge 1929 [as Mabuya agilis] Hedges & Conn 2012 McCranie, Matthews & Hedges 2020 Sunyer 2014 Sunyer, Nicholson, Phillips, Gubler & Obando 2013
 
Marisora roatanae
Roatan Skink
McCranie, Matthews & Hedges 2020
Genus Mesoscincus (Central American Giant Skinks)
 
Mesoscincus managuae
Pacific Giant Skink
Koehler 1999 Koehler 2000 Peters & Donoso-Barros 1970 Reeder 1990 Sunyer & Koehler 2010 Sunyer 2014 Villa, Wilson & Johnson 1988
Genus Scincella (South Asian and American Ground Skinks)
 
Scincella cherriei
Central American Brown Forest Skink
Koehler 1999 Koehler 2000 Sunyer & Koehler 2010 Sunyer 2014 Sunyer, Nicholson, Phillips, Gubler & Obando 2013 Travers, Townsend, Sunyer, Obando, Wilson & Nickerson 2011 Villa, Wilson & Johnson 1988
 Family Sphaerodactylidae (Least Geckos, etc.)
Genus Gonatodes (American Padless Geckos)
 
Gonatodes albogularis
Yellow-headed Gecko
Koehler 1999 Koehler 2000 Sturaro & Avila-Pires 2013 Sunyer & Koehler 2010 Sunyer 2014 Sunyer, Nicholson, Phillips, Gubler & Obando 2013 Villa, Wilson & Johnson 1988
Genus Lepidoblepharis (Scaly-eyed Geckos)
 
Lepidoblepharis xanthostigma
Costa Rica Scaly-eyed Gecko
Koehler 1999 Koehler 2000 Sunyer & Koehler 2010 Sunyer 2014 Villa 1971 Villa, Wilson & Johnson 1988
Genus Sphaerodactylus (Least Geckos)
 
Sphaerodactylus homolepis
Yellow-tailed Dwarf Gecko
Harris & Kluge 1984 Koehler 1999 Koehler 2000 Sunyer & Koehler 2010 Sunyer 2014
 
Sphaerodactylus millepunctatus
Spotted Least Gecko
Harris & Kluge 1984 Koehler 1999 Koehler 2000 McCranie & Hedges 2012 Sunyer & Koehler 2010 Sunyer 2014 Sunyer, Nicholson, Phillips, Gubler & Obando 2013 Travers, Townsend, Sunyer, Obando, Wilson & Nickerson 2011
 Family Teiidae (Greater Tejus)
Genus Aspidoscelis (Northern Whiptails)
 
Aspidoscelis deppii
Black-bellied Whiptail
Koehler 1999 Koehler 2000 Sunyer & Koehler 2010 Sunyer 2014 Villa 1994 Villa, Wilson & Johnson 1988
 
Aspidoscelis motaguae
Motagua Giant Whiptail
Koehler, Salazar-Saavedra, Martinez, Lopez & Sunyer 2013 Sunyer 2014
Genus Cnemidophorus (Southern Whiptails)
 
Cnemidophorus ruatanus
Northern Rainbow Whiptail
Koehler 1999 [as lemniscatus] McCranie & Hedges 2013 Sunyer & Koehler 2010 [as lemniscatus] Sunyer 2014 Sunyer, Townsend, Wilson, Travers, Obando, Paiz, Griffith & Koehler 2009 [as lemniscatus] Villa, Wilson & Johnson 1988 [as lemniscatus]
Genus Holcosus (Northwestern Ameivas)
 
Holcosus festivus
Central American Ameiva
Echternacht 1971 Koehler 1999 Koehler 2000 Peters & Donoso-Barros 1970 Sunyer & Koehler 2010 Sunyer 2014 Villa, Wilson & Johnson 1988
  *
Holcosus miadis
Islas del Maiz Ameiva
Barbour & Loveridge 1929 Koehler 1999 Koehler 2000 Meza-Lazaro & Nieto-Montes de Oca 2015 Peters & Donoso-Barros 1970 Sunyer, Nicholson, Phillips, Gubler & Obando 2013 [as undulatus]
  *
Holcosus pulcher
Nicaraguan Rainbow Ameiva
Meza-Lazaro & Nieto-Montes de Oca 2015 Peters & Donoso-Barros 1970
 
Holcosus quadrilineatus
Four-lined Ameiva
Echternacht 1971 Koehler 1999 Koehler 2000 Peters & Donoso-Barros 1970 Sunyer & Koehler 2010 Sunyer 2014 Villa, Wilson & Johnson 1988
 Family Xantusiidae (Night Lizards)
Genus Lepidophyma (Tropical Night Lizards)
 
Lepidophyma flavimaculatum
Yellow-spotted Night Lizard
Bezy & Camarillo-Rangel 2002 Grunwald, Reyes-Velasco, Ahumada-Carrillo, Montano-Ruvalcaba, Franz-Chavez, Forest, Ramirez-Chaparro, Teran-Juarez & Borja-Jimenez 2023 Koehler 1999 Koehler 2000 Obando & Sunyer 2017 Sunyer & Koehler 2010 Sunyer 2014 Villa, Wilson & Johnson 1988

Snakes (Serpentes)
= endemicEX = extinct or assumed extinct

Species
References
 Family Anomalepididae (Neotropical Blind Snakes)
Genus Anomalepis (Odd-scaled Blind Snakes)
 
Anomalepis mexicana
Lower Central American Blind Snake
Gonzalez-Carvajal, Medina-Rangel & Rojas-Murcia 2018 Koehler 1999 Koehler, Quintana, Buitrago & Diethert 2004 McDiarmid, Campbell & Toure 1999 Sunyer & Koehler 2010 Sunyer 2014 Villa, Wilson & Johnson 1988 Wallach, Williams & Boundy 2014
 Family Boidae (Typical Boas)
Genus Boa (Red-tailed Boas)
 
Boa imperator
Central American Red-tailed Boa
Barbour & Loveridge 1929 Koehler 1999 [as B. constrictor] Sunyer & Koehler 2010 [as B. constrictor] Sunyer 2014 Travers, Townsend, Sunyer, Obando, Wilson & Nickerson 2011 [as B. constrictor] Villa 1972 Villa, Wilson & Johnson 1988 [as B. constrictor]
Genus Corallus (Tree Boas)
 
Corallus annulatus
Annulated Tree Boa
Koehler 1999 McDiarmid, Campbell & Toure 1999 Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 Stimson 1969 Sunyer & Koehler 2010 Sunyer 2014 Sunyer, Fonseca, Fernandez, Olivas & Obando 2014 Travers, Townsend, Sunyer, Obando, Wilson & Nickerson 2011 Villa, Wilson & Johnson 1988
Genus Ungaliophis (Central American Dwarf Boas)
 
Ungaliophis continentalis
Guatemalan Dwarf Boa
Jansen & Koehler 2003 [2002] Koehler 1997 Koehler 1999 Sunyer & Koehler 2010 Sunyer 2014
 
Ungaliophis panamensis
Panamanian Dwarf Boa
Koehler 1999 McDiarmid, Campbell & Toure 1999 Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 Sunyer & Koehler 2010 Sunyer 2014 Sunyer, Fonseca, Fernandez, Olivas & Obando 2014 Villa, Wilson & Johnson 1988
 Family Colubridae (Typical Snakes or Colubrids)
Genus Adelphicos (Central American Burrowing Snakes)
 
Adelphicos visoninum
Honduran Four-lined Burrowing Snake
Sunyer & Koehler 2010 [as quadrivirgatum] Sunyer 2014 [as quadrivirgatum] Sunyer, Townsend, Wilson, Travers, Obando, Paiz, Griffith & Koehler 2009 [as quadrivirgatum]
Genus Amastridium (Rusty-headed Snakes)
 
Amastridium veliferum
Southern Rusty-headed Snake
Koehler 1999 Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 Sunyer & Koehler 2010 Sunyer 2014 Villa, Wilson & Johnson 1988 Wallach, Williams & Boundy 2014 Wilson & Meyer 1969
Genus Chironius (Sipos)
 
Chironius grandisquamis
Large-scaled Sipo
Dixon, Wiest & Cei 1993 Koehler 1999 Lopez-Guevara, Ubeda-Olivas, Games-Castellon & Sunyer 2015 Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 [as melas] Sunyer & Koehler 2010 Sunyer 2014 Travers, Townsend, Sunyer, Obando, Wilson & Nickerson 2011 Villa, Wilson & Johnson 1988
Genus Clelia (Northern Snake Eaters)
 
Clelia clelia
Common Snake Eater
Jansen, Alvarez & Koehler 2009 Koehler 1999 Sunyer & Koehler 2010 Sunyer 2014 Travers, Townsend, Sunyer, Obando, Wilson & Nickerson 2011 Zaher 1996
Genus Coniophanes (Black-striped Snakes)
 
Coniophanes bipunctatus
Two-spotted Snake
Koehler 1999 Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 Sunyer & Koehler 2010 Sunyer 2014 Sunyer, Fonseca, Fernandez, Olivas & Obando 2014 Villa 1971 Villa, Wilson & Johnson 1988
 
Coniophanes fissidens
Central American Yellow-bellied Snake
Jansen & Koehler 2003 [2002] Koehler 1999 Sunyer & Koehler 2010 Sunyer 2014 Villa, Wilson & Johnson 1988
 
Coniophanes piceivittis
Oaxacan Black-striped Snake
Durso & Norberg 2016 Jansen & Koehler 2003 [2002] Koehler 1999 Sunyer & Koehler 2010 Sunyer 2014
Genus Conophis (Road Guarders)
 
Conophis lineatus
Central American Road Guarder
Koehler 1999 Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 Sunyer & Koehler 2010 Sunyer 2014 Sunyer, Fonseca, Fernandez, Olivas & Obando 2014 Villa, Wilson & Johnson 1988 Wellman 1963
Genus Crisantophis (Costa Rican Road Guarder)
 
Crisantophis nevermanni
Costa Rican Road Guarder
Koehler 1999 Sunyer & Koehler 2010 Sunyer 2014 Villa 1969 Villa, Wilson & Johnson 1988
Genus Dendrophidion (Forest Racers)
 
Dendrophidion apharocybe
Central American Barred Forest Racer
Cadle 2012 Koehler 1999 [as vinitor] Sunyer & Koehler 2010 [as vinitor] Sunyer 2014 Travers, Townsend, Sunyer, Obando, Wilson & Nickerson 2011 [as vinitor] Villa, Wilson & Johnson 1988 [as vinitor]
 
Dendrophidion percarinatum
South American Forest Racer
Cadle 2012 Koehler 1999 Sunyer & Koehler 2010 Sunyer 2014 Travers, Townsend, Sunyer, Obando, Wilson & Nickerson 2011 Villa, Wilson & Johnson 1988
 
Dendrophidion rufiterminorum
Red-headed Forest Racer
Cadle & Savage 2012 McCranie 2011 Stafford 2002 [as D. nuchale] Sunyer & Koehler 2010 [as nuchale] Sunyer 2014
Genus Dipsas (Neotropical Snail Eaters)
 
Dipsas articulata
Veraguas Snail Eater
Harvey & Embert 2008 Harvey 2008 Lotzkat, Hertz & Koehler 2012 Sunyer & Koehler 2010 Sunyer 2014 Sunyer, Fonseca, Fernandez, Olivas & Obando 2014
 
Dipsas bicolor
Bicolored Snail Eater
Koehler 1999 Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 Peters 1960 Sunyer & Koehler 2010 Sunyer 2014 Travers, Townsend, Sunyer, Obando, Wilson & Nickerson 2011 Villa, Wilson & Johnson 1988
Genus Drymarchon (Indigo Snakes and Cribos)
 
Drymarchon melanurus
Black-tailed Cribo
Koehler 1999 [as corais] Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 Sunyer & Koehler 2010 Sunyer 2014 Travers, Townsend, Sunyer, Obando, Wilson & Nickerson 2011 Villa, Wilson & Johnson 1988 [as corais] Wuster, Yrausquin & Mijares-Urrutia 2001
Genus Drymobius (Central American Racers)
 
Drymobius chloroticus
Green Highland Racer
Koehler 1999 Sunyer & Koehler 2010 Sunyer 2014 Villa, Wilson & Johnson 1988 Wilson 1970
 
Drymobius margaritiferus
Speckled Racer
Barbour & Loveridge 1929 Jansen & Koehler 2003 [2002] Koehler 1999 Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 Sunyer & Koehler 2010 Sunyer 2014 Villa 1972 Villa, Wilson & Johnson 1988
 
Drymobius melanotropis
Lower-montane Green Racer
Koehler 1999 Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 Sunyer & Koehler 2010 Sunyer 2014 Villa, Wilson & Johnson 1988 Wilson 1970
 
Drymobius rhombifer
Diamondback Racer
Koehler 1999 Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 Sunyer & Koehler 2010 Sunyer 2014 Villa, Wilson & Johnson 1988
Genus Enuliophis (White-headed Snake)
 
Enuliophis sclateri
White-headed Snake
Koehler 1999 Koehler, Quintana, Buitrago & Diethert 2004 Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 Sunyer & Koehler 2010 Sunyer 2014 Sunyer, Fonseca, Fernandez, Olivas & Obando 2014 Travers, Townsend, Sunyer, Obando, Wilson & Nickerson 2011 Villa, Wilson & Johnson 1988
Genus Enulius (Middle American Long-tailed Snakes)
 
Enulius flavitorques
Pacific Long-tailed Snake
Koehler 1999 Sunyer & Koehler 2010 Sunyer 2014 Villa, Wilson & Johnson 1988
Genus Erythrolamprus (Neotropical Smooth Snakes)
 
Erythrolamprus mimus
Mimic Mock Coral Snake
Curcio, Scali & Rodrigues 2015 Jansen & Koehler 2003 [2002] Koehler 1999 Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 Sunyer & Koehler 2010 Sunyer 2014 Villa, Wilson & Johnson 1988
Genus Geophis (Central American Earth Snakes)
  *
Geophis dunni
Nicaraguan Earth Snake
Downs 1967 Jansen & Koehler 2003 [2002] Koehler 1999 Savage & Watling 2008 Sunyer & Koehler 2010 Sunyer 2014 Townsend 2006 Villa, Wilson & Johnson 1988 Wilson & Townsend 2007
 
Geophis hoffmanni
Costa Rican Earth Snake
Downs 1967 Koehler 1999 Sunyer & Koehler 2010 Sunyer 2014 Townsend 2006 Villa, Wilson & Johnson 1988 Wilson & Townsend 2007
 
Geophis sartorii
Terrestrial Snail Eater
Koehler 1999 Kofron 1988 Sunyer & Koehler 2010 Sunyer 2014 Sunyer, Fonseca, Fernandez, Olivas & Obando 2014 Travers, Townsend, Sunyer, Obando, Wilson & Nickerson 2011 Villa 1971 Villa, Wilson & Johnson 1988
Genus Hydromorphus (Central American Water Snakes)
 
Hydromorphus concolor
Common Central American Water Snake
Jansen & Koehler 2003 [2002] Koehler 1999 Sunyer & Koehler 2010 Sunyer 2014 Villa, Wilson & Johnson 1988
Genus Imantodes (American Blunt-headed Tree Snakes)
 
Imantodes cenchoa
Common Blunt-headed Tree Snake
Jansen & Koehler 2003 [2002] Koehler 1999 Sunyer & Koehler 2010 Sunyer 2014 Villa, Wilson & Johnson 1988
 
Imantodes gemmistratus
Central American Blunt-headed Tree Snake
Koehler 1999 Sunyer & Koehler 2010 Sunyer 2014 Sunyer, Fonseca, Fernandez, Olivas & Obando 2014 Villa, Wilson & Johnson 1988
 
Imantodes inornatus
Yellow Blunt-headed Tree Snake
Koehler 1999 Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 Sunyer & Koehler 2010 Sunyer 2014 Sunyer, Fonseca, Fernandez, Olivas & Obando 2014 Travers, Townsend, Sunyer, Obando, Wilson & Nickerson 2011 Villa, Wilson & Johnson 1988
Genus Lampropeltis (King Snakes and Milk Snakes)
 
Lampropeltis abnorma
Central American Milk Snake
Jansen & Koehler 2003 [2002] [as triangulum] Koehler 1999 [as triangulum] Markel 1990 Ruane 2015 Ruane, Bryson, Pyron & Burbrink 2014 Sunyer & Koehler 2010 [as triangulum] Sunyer 2014 Villa, Wilson & Johnson 1988 [as triangulum]
Genus Leptodeira (Typical Cat-eyed Snakes)
 
Leptodeira nigrofasciata
Black-banded Cat-eyed Snake
Barrio-Amoros 2019 Duellman 1958 Jansen & Koehler 2003 [2002] Koehler 1999 Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 Sunyer & Koehler 2010 Sunyer 2014 Villa, Wilson & Johnson 1988
 
Leptodeira ornata
Panamanian Small-spotted Cat-eyed Snake
Barrio-Amoros 2019
 
Leptodeira polysticta
Small-spotted Cat-eyed Snake
Barrio-Amoros 2019 Duellman 1958 Koehler 1999 [as septentrionalis] Sunyer & Koehler 2010 [as septentrionalis] Sunyer 2014 [as septentrionalis] Travers, Townsend, Sunyer, Obando, Wilson & Nickerson 2011 [as L. septentrionalis] Villa, Wilson & Johnson 1988 [as septentrionalis]
 
Leptodeira rhombifera
Central American Banded Cat-eyed Snake
Barrio-Amoros 2019 Duellman 1958 Koehler 1999 [as annulata] McCranie 2011 Sunyer & Koehler 2010 [as annulata] Sunyer 2014 Villa, Wilson & Johnson 1988 [as annulata]
Genus Leptodrymus (Green-headed Lowland Racer)
 
Leptodrymus pulcherrimus
Green-headed Lowland Racer
Koehler 1999 Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 Sunyer & Koehler 2010 Sunyer 2014 Sunyer, Fonseca, Fernandez, Olivas & Obando 2014 Villa, Wilson & Johnson 1988
Genus Leptophis (Neotropical Parrot Snakes)
 
Leptophis depressirostris
Satiny Parrot Snake
Albuquerque, Santos, Borges-Nojosa & Avila 2022 Koehler 1999 Oliver 1948 Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 Sunyer & Koehler 2010 Sunyer 2014 Torres-Carvajal & Teran 2021 Villa, Wilson & Johnson 1988
 
Leptophis mexicanus
Mexican Parrot Snake
Jansen & Koehler 2003 [2002] Koehler 1999 Oliver 1948 Sunyer & Koehler 2010 Sunyer 2014 Villa 1972 Villa, Wilson & Johnson 1988
 
Leptophis nebulosus
Striped Parrot Snake
Koehler 1999 Oliver 1948 Sunyer & Koehler 2010 Sunyer 2014 Villa, Wilson & Johnson 1988
 
Leptophis occidentalis
Guayaquil Parrot Snake
Albuquerque & Fernandes 2022 Albuquerque, Santos, Borges-Nojosa & Avila 2022 Jansen & Koehler 2003 [2002] [as L. ahaetulla] Koehler 1999 [as L. ahaetulla] Oliver 1948 Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 Sunyer & Koehler 2010 [as L. ahaetulla] Sunyer 2014 [as L. ahaetulla] Sunyer, Fonseca, Fernandez, Olivas & Obando 2014 [as L. ahaetulla] Villa, Wilson & Johnson 1988 [as L. ahaetulla]
Genus Masticophis (North American Whip Snakes and Coachwhips)
 
Masticophis mentovarius
Neotropical Whip Snake
Jansen & Koehler 2003 [2002] Johnson 1977 Koehler 1999 Sunyer & Koehler 2010 Sunyer 2014 Villa 1993 Villa, Wilson & Johnson 1988
Genus Mastigodryas (Neotropical Lizard Eaters)
 
Mastigodryas alternatus
Central American Lizard Eater
Montingelli 2009 Montingelli, Grazziotin, Battilana, Murphy, Zhang & Zaher 2019 Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 Sunyer 2014
 
Mastigodryas dorsalis
Striped Lizard Eater
Jansen & Koehler 2003 [2002] Koehler 1999 Montingelli 2009 Sunyer & Koehler 2010 Sunyer 2014 Villa 1971 Villa, Wilson & Johnson 1988
 
Mastigodryas laevis
Guatemalan Lizard Eater
Montingelli 2009
Genus Ninia (Coffee Snakes)
 
Ninia maculata
Spotted Coffee Snake
Jansen & Koehler 2003 [2002] Koehler 1999 Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 Sunyer & Koehler 2010 Sunyer 2014 Villa, Wilson & Johnson 1988
 
Ninia sebae
Red-backed Coffee Snake
Angarita-Sierra 2014 Jansen & Koehler 2003 [2002] Koehler 1999 Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 Sunyer & Koehler 2010 Sunyer 2014 Villa, Wilson & Johnson 1988
Genus Nothopsis (Rugose Litter Snake)
 
Nothopsis rugosus
Rugose Litter Snake
Koehler & Schmidt 2001 Koehler 1999 Koehler, Quintana, Buitrago & Diethert 2004 Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 Sunyer & Koehler 2010 Sunyer 2014 Sunyer, Fonseca, Fernandez, Olivas & Obando 2014 Villa, Wilson & Johnson 1988
Genus Oxybelis (Neotropical Vine Snakes)
 
Oxybelis brevirostris
Short-nosed Vine Snake
Koehler 1999 Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 Sunyer & Koehler 2010 Sunyer 2014 Travers, Townsend, Sunyer, Obando, Wilson & Nickerson 2011 Villa, Wilson & Johnson 1988
 
Oxybelis fulgidus
Green Vine Snake
Koehler 1999 Sunyer & Koehler 2010 Sunyer 2014 Villa, Wilson & Johnson 1988
 
Oxybelis koehleri
Guatemalan Vine Snake
Barbour & Loveridge 1929 [as acuminatus] Jadin, Blair, Orlofske, Jowers, Rivas, Vitt, Ray, Smith & Murphy 2020 Keiser 1974 [as aeneus] Keiser 1982 [as aeneus] Koehler 1999 [as aeneus] Sunyer & Koehler 2010 [as aeneus] Sunyer 2014 [as aeneus] Villa 1972 [as aeneus] Villa, Wilson & Johnson 1988 [as aeneus]
Genus Oxyrhopus (Calico Snakes)
 
Oxyrhopus petolarius
Banded Calico Snake
Koehler 1999 Sunyer & Koehler 2010 Sunyer 2014 Villa, Wilson & Johnson 1988
Genus Phrynonax (Neotropical Bird Snakes)
 
Phrynonax poecilonotus
Northern Bird Snake
Koehler 1999 Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 Sunyer & Koehler 2010 Sunyer 2014 Villa, Wilson & Johnson 1988
Genus Pliocercus (Big-scaled False Coral Snakes)
 
Pliocercus dimidiatus
Central American False Coral Snake
Jansen & Koehler 2003 [2002] [as euryzonus] Koehler 1999 [as euryzonus] Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 Smith & Chiszar 2001 Sunyer & Koehler 2010 [as euryzonus] Sunyer 2014 [as euryzonus] Villa, Wilson & Johnson 1988 [as euryzonus]
Genus Pseudelaphe (Mexican Rat Snakes)
 
Pseudelaphe flavirufa
Mexican Rat Snake
Dowling 1952 Koehler 1999 Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 Schulz 1996 Sunyer & Koehler 2010 Sunyer 2014 Sunyer, Fonseca, Fernandez, Olivas & Obando 2014 Villa 1972 Villa, Wilson & Johnson 1988
Genus Rhadinaea (Graceful Brown Snakes)
 
Rhadinaea decorata
Adorned Graceful Brown Snake
Koehler 1999 Myers 1974 Sunyer & Koehler 2010 Sunyer 2014 Villa, Wilson & Johnson 1988
Genus Rhadinella (Dwarf Brown Snakes)
 
Rhadinella godmani
Central American Dwarf Brown Snake
Loza, Gutierrez, Salazar-Saavedra, Martinez-Fonseca, Fernandez & Sunyer 2017
 
Rhadinella kinkelini
Nicaraguan Dwarf Brown Snake
Koehler 1999 Myers 1974 Sunyer & Koehler 2007 Sunyer & Koehler 2010 Sunyer 2014 Villa, Wilson & Johnson 1988
  *
Rhadinella rogerromani
Saslaya Mountains Dwarf Brown Snake
Jansen & Koehler 2003 [2002] Koehler & McCranie 1999 Sunyer & Koehler 2010 Sunyer 2014
Genus Rhinobothryum (Ringed Snakes)
 
Rhinobothryum bovallii
False Tree Coral Snake
Martinez-Fonseca, Loza, Fernandez, Salazar-Saavedra & Sunyer 2019 Meza-Joya, Rojas-Morales & Ramo 2020
Genus Scaphiodontophis (Neck-banded Snakes)
 
Scaphiodontophis venustissimus
Southern Neck-banded Snake
Koehler 1999 [as annulatus] Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 [as zeteki nothus] Sunyer & Koehler 2010 Sunyer 2014 Villa, Wilson & Johnson 1988
Genus Scolecophis (Central American Harlequin Snake)
 
Scolecophis atrocinctus
Central American Harlequin Snake
Aleman & Sunyer 2015 Koehler 1999 Sunyer & Koehler 2010 Sunyer 2014 Villa, Wilson & Johnson 1988 Wilson & Mata-Silva 2015
Genus Senticolis (American Green Rat Snake)
 
Senticolis triaspis
American Green Rat Snake
Gutierrez Rodriguez & Sunyer 2017 Jansen & Koehler 2003 [2002] Koehler 1999 Schulz 1996 Sunyer & Koehler 2010 Sunyer 2014 Villa, Wilson & Johnson 1988
Genus Sibon (Neotropical Snail Eaters)
 
Sibon annulatus
Ringed Snail Eater
Koehler & Seipp 1999 Koehler 1999 Koehler, Lotzkat & Hertz 2010 Lotzkat, Hertz & Koehler 2012 Sunyer & Koehler 2010 Sunyer 2014 Sunyer, Fonseca, Fernandez, Olivas & Obando 2014
 
Sibon anthracops
White-naped Snail Eater
Koehler 1999 Koehler, Lotzkat & Hertz 2010 Kofron 1987 Lotzkat, Hertz & Koehler 2012 Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 Peters 1960 Savage & McDiarmid 1992 Sunyer & Koehler 2010 Sunyer 2014 Villa, Wilson & Johnson 1988
 
Sibon dimidiatus
Coral-backed Snail Eater
Jansen & Koehler 2003 [2002] Koehler 1999 Koehler, Lotzkat & Hertz 2010 Kofron 1990 Lotzkat, Hertz & Koehler 2012 Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 Peters 1960 Savage & McDiarmid 1992 Sunyer & Koehler 2010 Sunyer 2014 Sunyer, Fonseca, Fernandez, Olivas & Obando 2014 Villa, Wilson & Johnson 1988
 
Sibon longifrenis
Drab Snail Eater
Koehler, Lotzkat & Hertz 2010 Lotzkat, Hertz & Koehler 2012 Sunyer & Koehler 2010 Sunyer 2014 Travers, Townsend, Sunyer, Obando, Wilson & Nickerson 2011
 
Sibon nebulatus
Cloudy Snail Eater
Jansen & Koehler 2003 [2002] Koehler 1999 Koehler, Lotzkat & Hertz 2010 Lotzkat, Hertz & Koehler 2012 Peters 1960 Sunyer & Koehler 2010 Sunyer 2014 Travers, Townsend, Sunyer, Obando, Wilson & Nickerson 2011 Villa 1972 Villa, Wilson & Johnson 1988
Genus Spilotes (Chicken Snakes)
 
Spilotes pullatus
Chicken Snake
Jansen & Koehler 2003 [2002] Koehler 1999 Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 Sunyer & Koehler 2010 Sunyer 2014 Travers, Townsend, Sunyer, Obando, Wilson & Nickerson 2011 Villa, Wilson & Johnson 1988
Genus Stenorrhina (Scorpion Eaters)
 
Stenorrhina degenhardtii
South American Scorpion Eater
Koehler 1999 Sunyer & Koehler 2010 Sunyer 2014 Villa, Wilson & Johnson 1988
 
Stenorrhina freminvillii
Central American Scorpion Eater
Koehler 1999 Sunyer & Koehler 2010 Sunyer 2014 Villa, Wilson & Johnson 1988
Genus Tantilla (American Centipede Snakes)
 
Tantilla alticola
Santa Rita Centipede Snake
Jansen & Koehler 2003 [2002] Koehler 1999 Sunyer & Koehler 2010 Sunyer 2014 Villa, Wilson & Johnson 1988 Wilson & Mata-Silva 2015 Wilson 1986 Wilson 1987
 
Tantilla armillata
Black-necked Centipede Snake
Savage 2002 Sunyer & Koehler 2010 Sunyer 2014 Sunyer, Fonseca, Fernandez, Olivas & Obando 2014 Wilson & Mata-Silva 2015
 
Tantilla reticulata
Reticulated Centipede Snake
Berghe, Sunyer & Salazar-Saavedra 2014 Koehler 1999 Sunyer & Koehler 2010 Sunyer 2014 Sunyer, Fonseca, Fernandez, Olivas & Obando 2014 Villa, Wilson & Johnson 1988 Wilson & Mata-Silva 2015 Wilson & Meyer 1971 Wilson 1985 Wilson 1987
 
Tantilla ruficeps
Orange-bellied Centipede Snake
Koehler 2008 Savage 2002 Sunyer & Koehler 2010 Sunyer 2014 Wilson & Mata-Silva 2015
 
Tantilla schistosa
Red Earth Centipede Snake
Koehler 1999 Sunyer & Koehler 2010 Sunyer 2014 Villa, Wilson & Johnson 1988
 
Tantilla supracincta
Northern Banded Centipede Snake
Koehler 1999 Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 [as annulata] Sunyer & Koehler 2010 Sunyer 2014 Villa, Wilson & Johnson 1988 Wilson & Mata-Silva 2015 Wilson 1985 [as annulata] Wilson 1987
 
Tantilla taeniata
Central American Centipede Snake
Jansen & Koehler 2003 [2002] Koehler 1999 Sunyer & Koehler 2007 Sunyer & Koehler 2010 Sunyer 2014 Villa, Wilson & Johnson 1988 Wilson & Mata-Silva 2015 Wilson & McCranie 1999 Wilson & Meyer 1971
 
Tantilla vermiformis
Nicaraguan Centipede Snake
Devender & Cole 1977 Koehler 1999 Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 Sunyer & Koehler 2010 Sunyer 2014 Villa, Wilson & Johnson 1988 Wilson 1987
Genus Tantillita (Dwarf Short-tailed Snakes)
 
Tantillita lintoni
Guatemalan Dwarf Short-tailed Snake
Koehler 1999 Koehler, Quintana, Buitrago & Diethert 2004 Sunyer & Koehler 2010 Sunyer 2014 Wilson & Mata-Silva 2015
Genus Thamnophis (North American Garter Snakes and Ribbon Snakes)
 
Thamnophis marcianus
Checkered Garter Snake
Koehler 1999 Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 Rossman, Ford & Seigel 1996 Sunyer & Koehler 2010 Sunyer 2014
 
Thamnophis proximus
Western Ribbon Snake
Jansen & Koehler 2003 [2002] Koehler 1999 Sunyer & Koehler 2010 Sunyer 2014 Villa, Wilson & Johnson 1988
Genus Tretanorhinus (Neotropical Swamp Snakes)
 
Tretanorhinus nigroluteus
Orange-bellied Swamp Snake
Barbour & Loveridge 1929 Koehler 1999 Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 Sunyer & Koehler 2010 Sunyer 2014 Travers, Townsend, Sunyer, Obando, Wilson & Nickerson 2011 Villa 1969 Villa 1972 Villa, Wilson & Johnson 1988
Genus Trimetopon (Central American Dwarf Snakes)
 
Trimetopon pliolepis
Faded Dwarf Snake
Gutierrez-Rodriguez & Sunyer 2016 Nunez Escalante, Acuna Obando, Salgera Garcia, Sandi Amador & Gloor 2021
Genus Trimorphodon (Lyre Snakes)
 
Trimorphodon quadruplex
Central American Lyre Snake
Devitt, LaDuc & McGuire 2008 Gehlbach 1971 Koehler 1999 [as biscutatus] Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 Scott & McDiarmid 1984 [as T. biscutatus] Sunyer & Koehler 2010 Sunyer 2014 Villa, Wilson & Johnson 1988 [as biscutatus]
Genus Urotheca (Glass-tailed Snakes)
 
Urotheca decipiens
Collared Glass-tailed Snake
Salazar-Saavedra & Barquero 2012 Sunyer 2014
 
Urotheca guentheri
Orange-bellied Glass-tailed Snake
Koehler 1999 Myers 1974 Salazar-Saavedra & Barquero 2012 Sunyer & Koehler 2010 Sunyer 2014 Villa, Wilson & Johnson 1988
 
Urotheca pachyura
Thick-tailed Glass-tailed Snake
Salazar-Saavedra & Barquero 2012 Sunyer 2014
Genus Xenodon (Northern Mock Lanceheads and South American Hognose Snakes)
 
Xenodon angustirostris
Central American Mock Lancehead
Gutierrez Rodriguez & Sunyer 2017 Jansen & Koehler 2003 [2002] [as rabdocephalus] Koehler 1999 [as rabdocephalus] Sunyer & Koehler 2010 [as rabdocephalus] Sunyer 2014 [as rabdocephalus] Sunyer, Fonseca, Fernandez, Olivas & Obando 2014 [as rabdocephalus] Villa, Wilson & Johnson 1988 [as rabdocephalus]
 Family Elapidae [part 1: terrestrial species] (Cobras, Mambas, etc.)
Genus Micrurus (American Coral Snakes)
 
Micrurus alleni
Arrow-headed Coral Snake
Campbell & Lamar 2004 Koehler 1999 Roze 1996 Sunyer & Koehler 2010 Sunyer 2014 Sunyer, Fonseca, Fernandez, Olivas & Obando 2014 Villa, Wilson & Johnson 1988
 
Micrurus multifasciatus
Many-banded Coral Snake
Campbell & Lamar 2004 Koehler 1999 Roze 1996 Sunyer & Koehler 2010 Sunyer 2014
 
Micrurus nigrocinctus
Central American Coral Snake
Barbour & Loveridge 1929 Campbell & Lamar 2004 Jansen & Koehler 2003 [2002] Koehler 1999 Roze 1996 Sunyer & Koehler 2010 Sunyer 2014 Villa 1972 Villa, Wilson & Johnson 1988
 Family Elapidae [part 2: marine species] (Sea Snakes)
Genus Hydrophis (Typical Sea Snakes)
 
Hydrophis platurus
Yellow-bellied Sea Snake
Campbell & Lamar 2004 Koehler 1999 Sunyer & Koehler 2010 Sunyer 2014 Villa, Wilson & Johnson 1988
 Family Leptotyphlopidae (Thread Snakes)
Genus Epictia (Neotropical Thread Snakes)
 
Epictia ater
Central American Black Thread Snake
Francisco, Pinto & Fernandes 2012 [as nasalis] Hahn 1980 Jansen & Koehler 2003 [2002] [as goudotii] Koehler 1999 [as goudotii] McCranie & Hedges 2016 McDiarmid, Campbell & Toure 1999 [as nasalis] Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 [as nasalis] Sunyer & Koehler 2010 [as goudotii] Sunyer 2014 Villa 1990 [as Leptotyphlops nasalis] Villa, Wilson & Johnson 1988 [as goudotti (sic)] Wallach 2016
  *
Epictia rioignis
Corinto Thread Snake
Koch, Martins & Schweiger 2019
 Family Loxocemidae (Neotropical Sunbeam Snake)
Genus Loxocemus (Neotropical Sunbeam Snake)
 
Loxocemus bicolor
Neotropical Sunbeam Snake
Koehler 1999 McDiarmid, Campbell & Toure 1999 Sunyer & Koehler 2010 Sunyer 2014 Villa, Wilson & Johnson 1988
 Family Typhlopidae (Typical Blind Snakes)
Genus Amerotyphlops (American Blind Snakes)
 
Amerotyphlops costaricensis
Costa Rican Blind Snake
Dixon & Hendricks 1979 Koehler 1999 McDiarmid, Campbell & Toure 1999 Sunyer & Koehler 2010 Sunyer 2014 Villa 1978 Villa 1988 Villa, Wilson & Johnson 1988
 Family Viperidae (Vipers)
Genus Agkistrodon (American Copperheads, Cottonmouths, and Cantils)
 
Agkistrodon howardgloydi
Southern Cantil
Campbell & Lamar 2004 Gloyd & Conant 1990 Koehler 1999 [as bilineatus] Porras, Wilson, Schuett & Reiserer 2013 Sunyer & Koehler 2010 [as bilineatus] Sunyer 2014 Sunyer, Fonseca, Fernandez, Olivas & Obando 2014 Villa, Wilson & Johnson 1988 [as bilineatus]
Genus Bothriechis (Palm Pitvipers)
 
Bothriechis schlegelii
Eyelash Palm Pitviper
Campbell & Lamar 2004 Jansen & Koehler 2003 [2002] Koehler 1999 Sunyer & Koehler 2010 Sunyer 2014 Sunyer, Fonseca, Fernandez, Olivas & Obando 2014 Villa, Wilson & Johnson 1988
Genus Bothrops (American Lanceheads)
 
Bothrops asper
Central American Lancehead
Campbell & Lamar 2004 Koehler 1999 Sunyer & Koehler 2010 Sunyer 2014 Sunyer, Fonseca, Fernandez, Olivas & Obando 2014 Villa, Wilson & Johnson 1988
Genus Cerrophidion (Central American Montane Pitvipers)
 
Cerrophidion wilsoni
Honduran Montane Pitviper
Sunyer, Jiron, Acosta Anton & Gutierrez-Rodriguez 2017
Genus Crotalus (Typical Rattlesnakes)
 
Crotalus simus
Central American Rattlesnake
Campbell & Lamar 2004 Koehler 1999 [as durissus] Sunyer & Koehler 2010 Sunyer 2014 Sunyer, Fonseca, Fernandez, Olivas & Obando 2014 Villa, Wilson & Johnson 1988 [as durissus]
Genus Lachesis (Bushmasters)
 
Lachesis stenophrys
Central American Bushmaster
Barrio-Amoros, Corrales, Rodriguez, Culebras, Dwyer & Flores 2020 Campbell & Lamar 2004 Koehler 1999 Sunyer & Koehler 2010 Sunyer 2014 Sunyer, Fonseca, Fernandez, Olivas & Obando 2014 Villa 1971 Villa, Wilson & Johnson 1988 [as muta]
Genus Metlapilcoatlus (Northern Jumping Pitvipers)
 
Metlapilcoatlus mexicanus
Central American Jumping Pitviper
Campbell & Lamar 2004 Koehler 1999 [as nummifer] Sunyer & Koehler 2010 Sunyer 2014 Sunyer, Fonseca, Fernandez, Olivas & Obando 2014 Villa, Wilson & Johnson 1988 [as nummifer]
Genus Porthidium (Hognosed Pitvipers)
 
Porthidium nasutum
Rainforest Hognosed Pitviper
Campbell & Lamar 2004 Koehler 1999 Sunyer & Koehler 2010 Sunyer 2014 Sunyer, Fonseca, Fernandez, Olivas & Obando 2014 Travers, Townsend, Sunyer, Obando, Wilson & Nickerson 2011 Villa, Wilson & Johnson 1988
 
Porthidium ophryomegas
Slender Hognosed Pitviper
Campbell & Lamar 2004 Koehler 1999 Sunyer & Koehler 2010 Sunyer 2014 Sunyer, Fonseca, Fernandez, Olivas & Obando 2014 Villa, Wilson & Johnson 1988

Turtles (Testudines)
= endemicEX = extinct or assumed extinct

Species
References
 Family Cheloniidae (Hard-shelled Sea Turtles)
Genus Caretta (Loggerhead Sea Turtle)
 
Caretta caretta
Loggerhead Sea Turtle
Cornelius in Bjorndal (ed.) 1982 Koehler 1999 Pritchard 1979 Rhodin, Iverson, Bour, Fritz, Georges, Shaffer & Dijk 2021 Sunyer & Koehler 2010 Sunyer 2014 Villa, Wilson & Johnson 1988
Genus Chelonia (Green Sea Turtle)
 
Chelonia mydas
Green Sea Turtle
Cornelius in Bjorndal (ed.) 1982 Koehler 1999 Rhodin, Iverson, Bour, Fritz, Georges, Shaffer & Dijk 2021 Sunyer & Koehler 2010 Sunyer 2014 Villa, Wilson & Johnson 1988
Genus Eretmochelys (Hawksbill Sea Turtle)
 
Eretmochelys imbricata
Hawksbill Sea Turtle
Cornelius in Bjorndal (ed.) 1982 Koehler 1999 Pritchard 1979 Rhodin, Iverson, Bour, Fritz, Georges, Shaffer & Dijk 2021 Sunyer & Koehler 2010 Sunyer 2014 Villa, Wilson & Johnson 1988
Genus Lepidochelys (Ridley Sea Turtles)
 
Lepidochelys olivacea
Olive Ridley Sea Turtle
Cornelius in Bjorndal (ed.) 1982 Koehler 1999 Rhodin, Iverson, Bour, Fritz, Georges, Shaffer & Dijk 2021 Sunyer & Koehler 2010 Sunyer 2014 Villa, Wilson & Johnson 1988
 Family Chelydridae (American Snapping Turtles)
Genus Chelydra (American Snapping Turtles)
 
Chelydra acutirostris
South American Snapping Turtle
Bonin, Devaux & Dupre 2006 Koehler 1999 [as serpentina] Rhodin, Iverson, Bour, Fritz, Georges, Shaffer & Dijk 2021 Sunyer & Koehler 2010 Sunyer 2014 Villa, Wilson & Johnson 1988 [as serpentina]
 Family Dermochelyidae (Leatherback Sea Turtle)
Genus Dermochelys (Leatherback Sea Turtle)
 
Dermochelys coriacea
Leatherback Sea Turtle
Cornelius in Bjorndal (ed.) 1982 Koehler 1999 Rhodin, Iverson, Bour, Fritz, Georges, Shaffer & Dijk 2021 Sunyer & Koehler 2010 Sunyer 2014 Villa, Wilson & Johnson 1988
 Family Emydidae (Western Pond Turtles)
Genus Trachemys (Slider Turtles)
 
Trachemys grayi
Western Central American Slider
Fritz & Havas 2006 Iverson 1992 Rhodin, Iverson, Bour, Fritz, Georges, Shaffer & Dijk 2021 Sunyer 2014
 
Trachemys venusta
Eastern Central American Slider
Rhodin, Iverson, Bour, Fritz, Georges, Shaffer & Dijk 2021 Sunyer & Koehler 2010 Sunyer 2014 Travers, Townsend, Sunyer, Obando, Wilson & Nickerson 2011
 Family Geoemydidae (Eastern Pond Turtles)
Genus Rhinoclemmys (Neotropical Wood Turtles)
 
Rhinoclemmys annulata
Brown Wood Turtle
Fritz & Havas 2006 Koehler 1999 Rhodin, Iverson, Bour, Fritz, Georges, Shaffer & Dijk 2021 Sunyer & Koehler 2010 Sunyer 2014 Villa, Wilson & Johnson 1988
 
Rhinoclemmys funerea
Black Wood Turtle
Koehler 1999 Rhodin, Iverson, Bour, Fritz, Georges, Shaffer & Dijk 2021 Sunyer & Koehler 2010 Sunyer 2014 Villa, Wilson & Johnson 1988
 
Rhinoclemmys pulcherrima
Painted Wood Turtle
Fritz & Havas 2006 Iverson 1992 Koehler 1999 Rhodin, Iverson, Bour, Fritz, Georges, Shaffer & Dijk 2021 Sunyer & Koehler 2010 Sunyer 2014 Villa, Wilson & Johnson 1988
 Family Kinosternidae (American Mud and Musk Turtles)
Genus Kinosternon (American Mud Turtles)
 
Kinosternon albogulare
White-throated Mud Turtle
Berry & Iverson 2011 Forero-Medina & Castano-Mora 2011 Koehler 1999 [as scorpioides] Rhodin, Iverson, Bour, Fritz, Georges, Shaffer & Dijk 2021 Sunyer & Koehler 2010 [as scorpioides] Sunyer 2014 [as scorpioides] Villa, Wilson & Johnson 1988 [as scorpioides]
 
Kinosternon angustipons
Narrow-bridged Mud Turtle
Fritz & Havas 2006 Iverson 1992 Koehler 1999 Rhodin, Iverson, Bour, Fritz, Georges, Shaffer & Dijk 2021 Sunyer & Koehler 2010 Sunyer 2014 Sunyer, Townsend, Wilson, Travers, Obando, Paiz, Griffith & Koehler 2009 Villa, Wilson & Johnson 1988
 
Kinosternon leucostomum
White-lipped Mud Turtle
Fritz & Havas 2006 Iverson 1992 Koehler 1999 Pasachnik & Corneil 2011 Rhodin, Iverson, Bour, Fritz, Georges, Shaffer & Dijk 2021 Sunyer & Koehler 2010 Sunyer 2014 Travers, Townsend, Sunyer, Obando, Wilson & Nickerson 2011 Villa, Wilson & Johnson 1988
 Family Testudinidae (Tortoises)
Genus Chelonoidis (South American Tortoises)
 
Chelonoidis carbonarius
South American Red-footed Tortoise
Salazar-Saavedra, Loza, Fernandez, Martinez-Fonseca, Dwyer & Sunyer 2015