Citation: Midtgaard, Rune. RepFocus - A Survey of the Reptiles of the World. (www.repfocus.dk).
Latest update:
October 21st, 2024.
 
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Genus
Thamnophis
 |
North American Garter Snakes and Ribbon Snakes
|
 |
Strumpfbandnattern
|
 |
Strømpebåndssnoge
|
|
1843 |  |
Thamnophis Fitzinger (type species: Coluber saurita Linnaeus 1766) |
|
1861 | |
Prymnomiodon Cope (type species: Prymnomiodon chalceus Cope 1861) |
|
1875 | |
Chilopoma Cope in Yarrow (type species: Chilopoma rufipunctatum Cope 1875) |
|
1879 | |
Adelophis Dugès (type species: Adelophis copei Duges 1879; syn. Hallas, Parchman & Feldman 2021) |
|
1883 | |
Atomarchus Cope (type species: Atomarchus multimaculatus Cope 1883) |
|
1885 | |
Stypocemus Cope [substitute name for Chilopoma Cope in Yarrow 1875 erroneously believed preoccupied by Cheilopoma Murray 1867 (Coleoptera)] |
Contents:
36 species, of which 24 (66.7%) are endemic.
Endemism: 0%  100%
Other common names:
Adelophis: Mountain Meadow Snakes
Remarks:
Three species of this genus (melanogaster, rufipunctatus, validus) has been regarded as members of
Nerodia (e.g., Rossman & Eberle 1977; Chiasson & Lowe 1989, Lawson 1987).
Distribution:
North America, Central America.
Reported from:
Belize,
Canada
(Alberta,
British Columbia
[incl.
Vancouver Island],
Manitoba,
New Brunswick,
North West Territories,
Nova Scotia
[incl.
Cape Breton Island],
Ontario,
Prince Edward Island,
Quebec,
Saskatchewan),
Costa Rica,
El Salvador,
Guatemala,
Honduras,
Mexico
(Aguascalientes,
Baja California Norte,
Baja California Sur,
Campeche,
Chiapas,
Chihuahua,
Coahuila,
Colima,
Distrito Federal,
Durango,
Guanajuato,
Guerrero,
Hidalgo,
Jalisco,
Mexico State,
Michoacan,
Morelos,
Nayarit,
Nuevo Leon,
Oaxaca,
Puebla,
Queretaro,
Quintana Roo
[incl.
Cozumel],
San Luis Potosi,
Sinaloa,
Sonora,
Tabasco,
Tamaulipas,
Tlaxcala,
Veracruz,
Yucatan,
Zacatecas),
Nicaragua,
USA
(Alabama,
Alaska,
Arizona,
Arkansas,
California
[incl.
Channel Islands],
Colorado,
Connecticut,
Delaware,
Florida,
Georgia,
Idaho,
Illinois,
Indiana,
Iowa,
Kansas,
Kentucky,
Louisiana,
Maine,
Maryland,
Massachusetts,
Michigan,
Minnesota,
Mississippi,
Missouri,
Montana,
Nebraska,
Nevada,
New Hampshire,
New Jersey,
New Mexico,
New York
[incl.
Long Island],
North Carolina,
North Dakota,
Ohio,
Oklahoma,
Oregon,
Pennsylvania,
Rhode Island,
South Carolina,
South Dakota,
Tennessee,
Texas,
Utah,
Vermont,
Virginia,
Washington,
Washington, D.C.,
West Virginia,
Wisconsin,
Wyoming).
| |
|
Thamnophis ahumadai
|
Cuautla Garter Snake, (Ahumada's Alpine Garter Snake)
|
|
Cuautla-Strumpfbandnatter
|
|
Cuautla-strømpebåndssnog
|
|
2024 | |
Thamnophis ahumadai Grünwald, Mendoza-Portilla, Grünwald, Montaño-Ruvalcaba, Franz-Chávez, García-Vázquez & Reyes-Velasco |
Distribution:
Mexico
(Jalisco).
|
|
|
Thamnophis atratus
|
Aquatic Garter Snake, Pacific Coast Aquatic Garter Snake
|
|
Westküsten-Strumpfbandnatter
|
|
Akvatisk Strømpebåndssnog
|
|
1860 | |
Eutainia atrata Kennicott |
|
| |
Thamnophis elegans atratus Fitch 1948 |
|
| |
Thamnophis couchi atratus Stebbins 1985 |
|
| |
Thamnophis atratus Rossman & Stewart 1987 |
|
1892 | |
Eutaenia infernalis vidua Cope (syn. Rossman, Ford & Seigel 1996) |
|
1936 | |
Thamnophis ordinoides hydrophila Fitch (syn. Rossman, Ford & Seigel 1996) |
|
| |
Thamnophis elegans hydrophila Fitch 1948 |
|
| |
Thamnophis couchi hydrophilus Stebbins 1985 |
|
| |
Thamnophis atratus hydrophilus Rossman & Stewart 1987 |
|
1951 | |
Thamnophis elegans aquaticus Fox (syn. Rossman, Ford & Seigel 1996) |
|
| |
Thamnophis couchi aquaticus Stebbins 1985 |
|
| |
Thamnophis atratus aquaticus Rossman & Stewart 1987 |
|
1999 | |
Thamnophis atratus zaxanthus Boundy |
Other common names:
aquaticus: Aquatic Garter Snake
atratus: Santa Cruz Garter Snake
hydrophilus: Oregon Garter Snake
zaxanthus: Diablo Range Garter Snake
Distribution:
USA
(California,
Oregon).
|
|
|
Thamnophis bogerti
|
Mesa del Sur Garter Snake, (Bogert's Garter Snake)
|
|
Mesa del Sur-Strumpfbandnatter
|
|
Mesa del Sur-strømpebåndssnog
|
|
2005 | |
Thamnophis bogerti Rossman & Burbrink |
|
2005 | |
Thamnophis conanti Rossman & Burbrink (syn. Grünwald, Mendoza-Portilla, Grünwald, Montaño-Ruvalcaba, Franz-Chávez, García-Vázquez & Reyes-Velasco 2024) |
|
2005 | |
Thamnophis lineri Rossman & Burbrink (syn. Grünwald, Mendoza-Portilla, Grünwald, Montaño-Ruvalcaba, Franz-Chávez, García-Vázquez & Reyes-Velasco 2024) |
Other common names:
conanti: Pueblan Garter Snake, (Conant's Garter Snake)
lineri: Sierra de Juárez Garter Snake, (Liner's Garter Snake)
Distribution:
Mexico
(Oaxaca,
Puebla,
Veracruz).
|
|
|
Thamnophis brachystoma
|
Short-headed Garter Snake
|
|
Kurzkopf-Strumpfbandnatter
|
|
Korthovedet Strømpebåndssnog
|
|
1892 | |
Eutaenia brachystoma Cope |
|
| |
Thamnophis brachystoma Smith 1945 |
Introduced to:
USA
(Ohio).
Distribution:
USA
(New York,
Pennsylvania).
|
|
|
Thamnophis butleri
|
Northeastern Garter Snake, (Butler's Garter Snake)
|
|
Nordöstliche Strumpfbandnatter
|
|
Nordøstlig Strømpebåndssnog, (Butlers Strømpebåndssnog)
|
|
1889 | |
Eutaenia butleri Cope |
|
| |
Thamnophis butleri Stejneger 1895 |
Distribution:
Canada
(Ontario),
USA
(Indiana,
Michigan,
Ohio,
Wisconsin).
|
|
|
Thamnophis chrysocephalus
|
Golden-headed Garter Snake
|
|
Goldkopf-Strumpfbandnatter
|
|
Gyldenhovedet Strømpebåndssnog
|
|
1884 | |
Eutaenia chrysocephalus Cope |
|
| |
Thamnophis chrysocephalus Smith 1942 |
|
1940 | |
Thamnophis eburatus Taylor (syn. Rossman, Ford & Seigel 1996) |
Distribution:
Mexico
(Guerrero,
Oaxaca,
Puebla,
Veracruz).
|
|
|
Thamnophis copei
|
Guanajuato Mountain Meadow Snake, (Cope's Mountain Meadow Snake)
|
|
Guanajuato-Wiesennatter
|
|
Guanajuato-engsnog
|
|
1879 | |
Adelophis copei Duges |
|
| |
Thamnophis copei Hallas, Parchman & Feldman 2021 |
Distribution:
Mexico
(Guanajuato,
Jalisco,
Michoacan,
Morelos).
|
|
|
Thamnophis couchii
|
Sierra Garter Snake, (Western Aquatic Garter Snake)
|
|
Sierra-Strumpfbandnatter
|
|
Sierra-strømpebåndssnog
|
|
1859 | |
Eutaenia couchii Kennicott |
|
| |
Thamnophis elegans couchii Fitch 1948 |
|
| |
Thamnophis ordinoides couchii Denburgh & Slevin 1921 |
|
| |
Thamnophis couchii Fitch 1984 |
Remarks:
Previously included atratus, gigas, and hammondii.
Distribution:
USA
(California,
Nevada).
|
|
|
Thamnophis cyrtopsis
|
Black-necked Garter Snake
|
|
Schwarzhals-Strumpfbandnatter
|
|
Sorthalset Strømpebåndssnog
|
|
1860 | |
Eutaenia cyrtopsis Kennicott |
|
| |
Thamnophis cyrtopsis Cope 1861 |
|
| |
Thamnophis eques cyrtopsis Gloyd & Smith 1942 |
|
1861 | |
Thamnophis cyrtopsis cyclides Cope (syn. Rossman, Ford & Seigel 1996) |
|
1863 | |
Tropidonotus collaris Jan (syn. Rossman, Ford & Seigel 1996) |
|
| |
Thamnophis cyrtopsis collaris Webb 1966 |
|
1880 | |
Eutaenia cyrtopsis ocellata Cope (syn. Rossman, Ford & Seigel 1996) |
|
1892 | |
Eutaenia aurata Cope (syn. Rossman, Ford & Seigel 1996) |
|
1942 | |
Thamnophis vicinus Smith (syn. Rossman, Ford & Seigel 1996) |
|
1950 | |
Thamnophis sumichrasti salvini Smith, Nixon & Smith (syn. Rossman, Ford & Seigel 1996) |
Other common names:
collaris: Tropical Black-necked Garter Snake
cyrtopsis: Western Black-necked Garter Snake
ocellatus: Eastern Black-necked Garter Snake
vicinus: Smith's Garter Snake
Remarks:
Previously included fulvus, postremus, and pulchrilatus.
Distribution:
Guatemala,
Mexico
(Aguascalientes,
Chiapas,
Chihuahua,
Coahuila,
Colima,
Distrito Federal,
Durango,
Guanajuato,
Guerrero,
Hidalgo,
Jalisco,
Mexico State,
Michoacan,
Morelos,
Nayarit,
Nuevo Leon,
Oaxaca,
Puebla,
Queretaro,
San Luis Potosi,
Sinaloa,
Sonora,
Tamaulipas,
Veracruz),
USA
(Arizona,
Arkansas,
Colorado,
New Mexico,
Oklahoma,
Texas,
Utah).
|
Thamnophis cyrtopsis
© Rune Midtgaard
|
|
Thamnophis elegans
|
Terrestrial Garter Snake, Western Terrestrial Garter Snake, Elegant Garter Snake
|
|
Berg-Strumpfbandnatter
|
|
Vestlig Strømpebåndssnog
|
|
1853 | |
Eutainia elegans Baird & Girard |
|
| |
Thamnophis elegans Johnson 1947 |
|
1853 | |
Eutaenia vagrans Baird & Girard (syn. Rossman, Ford & Seigel 1996) |
|
| |
Thamnophis ordinoides vagrans Johnson 1942 |
|
| |
Thamnophis elegans vagrans Fitch 1948 |
|
1853 | |
Tropidonotus trivittatus Hallowell (syn. Rossman, Ford & Seigel 1996) |
|
1883 | |
Eutaenia biscutata Cope (syn. Rossman, Ford & Seigel 1996) |
|
| |
Thamnophis elegans biscutatus Fitch 1948 |
|
1883 | |
Eutaenia henshawi Yarrow (syn. Rossman, Ford & Seigel 1996) |
|
1883 | |
Eutaenia vagrans plutonia Yarrow (syn. Rossman, Ford & Seigel 1996) |
|
1892 | |
Eutaenia elegans brunnea Cope (syn. Rossman, Ford & Seigel 1996) |
|
1892 | |
Eutaenia elegans lineolata Cope (syn. Rossman, Ford & Seigel 1996) |
|
1923 | |
Thamnophis ordinoides hueyi Van Denburgh & Slevin (syn. Rossman, Ford & Seigel 1996) |
|
| |
Thamnophis elegans hueyi Liner 1994 |
|
1947 | |
Thamnophis elegans nigrescens Johnson (syn. Rossman, Ford & Seigel 1996) |
|
1951 | |
Thamnophis elegans terrestris Fox |
|
1989 | |
Thamnophis elegans arizonae Tanner & Lowe |
|
1989 | |
Thamnophis elegans vascotanneri Tanner & Lowe |
Other common names:
biscutatus: Klamath Garter Snake
elegans: Mountain Garter Snake
hueyi: San Pedro Martir Island Garter Snake
nigrescens: Dusky Garter Snake
terrestris: Coast Garter Snake
vagrans: Wandering Garter Snake
Remarks:
See couchi. Previously includes errans.
Although included for Jalisco by Cruz-Sáenz, Guerrero, Lazcano & Télles-López (2009), presence in the state is considered undocumented herein, following
Cruz-Sáenz, Muñoz-Nolasco, Mata-Silva, Johnson, García-Padilla & Wilson (2017), who did not list the species for Jalisco.
Distribution:
Canada
(Alberta,
British Columbia
[incl.
Vancouver Island],
Saskatchewan),
Mexico
(Baja California Norte,
Chihuahua),
USA
(Arizona,
California,
Colorado,
Idaho,
Montana,
Nebraska,
Nevada,
New Mexico,
Oklahoma,
Oregon,
South Dakota,
Utah,
Washington,
Wyoming).
|
Thamnophis elegans
© Rune Midtgaard
|
|
Thamnophis eques
|
Mexican Garter Snake
|
|
Mexikanische Strumpfbandnatter
|
|
Mexicansk Strømpebåndssnog
|
|
1834 | |
Coluber eques Reuss |
|
| |
Thamnophis eques Ruthven 1908 |
|
1839 | |
Coluber subcarinata Gray in Richardson (syn. Rossman, Ford & Seigel 1996) |
|
1860 | |
Eutaenia macrostemma Kennicott (syn. Rossman, Ford & Seigel 1996) |
|
| |
Thamnophis macrostemma Smith 1939 |
|
1860 | |
Eutaenia megalops Kennicott (syn. Rossman, Ford & Seigel 1996) |
|
| |
Thamnophis megalops Van Denburgh 1922 |
|
| |
Thamnophis macrostemma megalops Smith 1939 |
|
| |
Thamnophis eques megalops Smith 1951 |
|
1867 | |
Eutaenia flavilabris Cope "1866" (syn. Rossman, Ford & Seigel 1996) |
|
1885 | |
Eutaenia insigniarum Cope "1884" (syn. Rossman, Ford & Seigel 1996) |
|
1899 | |
Thamnophis stejnegeri McLain (syn. Rossman, Ford & Seigel 1996) |
|
1963 | |
Thamnophis eques virgatenuis Conant (syn. Rossman, Ford & Seigel 1996) |
|
2003 | |
Thamnophis eques carmenensis Conant |
|
2003 | |
Thamnophis eques cuitzeoensis Conant |
|
2003 | |
Thamnophis eques diluvialis Conant |
|
2003 | |
Thamnophis eques insperatus Conant |
|
2003 | |
Thamnophis eques obscurus Conant |
|
2003 | |
Thamnophis eques patzcuaroensis Conant |
|
2003 | |
Thamnophis eques scotti Conant |
Other common names:
carmenensis: Tlaxcala Garter Snake
cuitzeoensis: Lake Cuitzeo Garter Snake
diluvialis: Jalisco Garter Snake
eques: Southern Mexican Garter Snake
insperatus: Lake Zacapu Garter Snake
megalops: Brown Garter Snake
megalops: Northern Mexican Garter Snake, Brown Garter Snake
obscurus: Obscure Mexican Garter Snake
patzcuaroensis: Lake Patzcuaro Garter Snake
scotti: Scott's Garter Snake
virgatenuis: Blue-striped Mexican Garter Snake, Western Montane Mexican Garter Snake
Remarks:
Heimes (2016) included Sinaloa in the distribution, but no other references appear to corroborate this, although the species may eventually be found in the state.
Distribution:
Mexico
(Aguascalientes,
Chihuahua,
Distrito Federal,
Durango,
Guanajuato,
Guerrero,
Hidalgo,
Jalisco,
Mexico State,
Michoacan,
Morelos,
Nayarit,
Nuevo Leon,
Oaxaca,
Puebla,
Queretaro,
San Luis Potosi,
Sonora,
Tlaxcala,
Veracruz,
Zacatecas),
USA
(Arizona,
Nevada,
New Mexico).
|
|
|
Thamnophis errans
|
Mexican Terrestrial Garter Snake, Mexican Wandering Garter Snake
|
|
Mexikanische Wandernde Strumpfbandnatter
|
|
Mexicansk Vandrende Strømpebåndssnog
|
|
1942 | |
Thamnophis ordinoides errans Smith |
|
| |
Thamnophis elegans errans Tanner 1985 |
|
| |
Thamnophis errans Fitch 1980 |
Distribution:
Mexico
(Chihuahua,
Durango,
Jalisco,
Nayarit,
Zacatecas).
|
|
|
Thamnophis exsul
|
Exiled Garter Snake, (Montane Garter Snake)
|
|
Zwerg-Strumpfbandnatter
|
|
Coahuila-strømpebåndssnog
|
|
1969 | |
Thamnophis exsul Rossman |
Distribution:
Mexico
(Coahuila,
Nuevo Leon,
Tamaulipas).
|
|
|
Thamnophis foxi
|
Durango Mountain Meadow Snake, (Fox's Mountain Meadow Snake)
|
|
Durango-Wiesennatter
|
|
Durango-engsnog
|
|
1968 | |
Adelophis foxi Rossman & Blaney |
|
| |
Thamnophis foxi Hallas, Parchman & Feldman 2021 |
Distribution:
Mexico
(Durango).
|
|
|
Thamnophis fulvus
|
Central American Highland Garter Snake, Mesoamerican Highlands Garter Snake
|
|
Guatemalische Strumpfbandnatter
|
|
Centralamerikansk Bjerg-strømpebåndssnog
|
|
1893 | |
Eutaenia cyrtopsis fulvus Bocourt |
|
| |
Thamnophis sumichrasti fulvus Smith 1942 |
|
| |
Thamnophis cyrtopsis fulvus Rossman 1965 |
|
| |
Thamnophis fulvus Webb 1982 |
Distribution:
El Salvador,
Guatemala,
Honduras,
Mexico
(Chiapas).
|
|
|
Thamnophis gigas
|
Giant Garter Snake
|
|
Riesen-Strumpfbandnatter
|
|
Stor Strømpebåndssnog
|
|
1940 | |
Thamnophis ordinoides gigas Fitch |
|
| |
Thamnophis elegans gigas Fitch 1948 |
|
| |
Thamnophis couchi gigas Stebbins 1985 |
|
| |
Thamnophis gigas Rossman & Stewart 1987 |
Distribution:
USA
(California).
|
Thamnophis gigas
© Rune Midtgaard
|
|
Thamnophis godmani
|
Guerreran Garter Snake, (Godman's Garter Snake)
|
|
Guerrero-Strumpfbandnatter
|
|
Guerrero-strømpebåndssnog
|
|
1894 | |
Tropidonotus godmani Günther |
|
| |
Eutaenia godmanii Cope 1900 |
|
| |
Thamnophis scalaris godmani Smith 1942 |
|
| |
Thamnophis godmani Rossman in Varkey 1979 |
Remarks:
Now restricted to Guerrero, but previously included populations now assigned to bogerti.
Although included for Jalisco by Cruz-Sáenz, Guerrero, Lazcano & Télles-López (2009), presence in the state is considered undocumented herein, following
Cruz-Sáenz, Muñoz-Nolasco, Mata-Silva, Johnson, García-Padilla & Wilson (2017), who did not list the species for Jalisco.
Distribution:
Mexico
(Guerrero).
|
|
|
Thamnophis hammondii
|
Two-striped Garter Snake
|
|
Zweistreifen-Strumpfbandnatter
|
|
Tostribet Strømpebåndssnog
|
|
1860 | |
Eutainia hammondii Kennicott |
|
| |
Thamnophis hammondi Van Denburgh 1897 |
|
| |
Thamnophis elegans hammondi Fitch 1948 |
|
| |
Thamnophis couchi hammondi Behler & King 1979 |
|
1899 | |
Tropidonotus digueti Mocquard (syn. McGuire & Grismer 1993; Rossman, Ford & Seigel 1996) |
|
| |
Thamnophis digueti Fitch 1940 |
|
| |
Thamnophis hammondi digueti Stebbins 1985 |
Other common names:
digueti: Diguet's Two-striped Garter Snake
hammondi: Hammond's Two-striped Garter Snake
Remarks:
Revalidated as a separate species by Rossman & Stewart (1987). Flores-Villela (1993) listed digueti as a separate species.
Distribution:
Mexico
(Baja California Norte,
Baja California Sur),
USA
(California
[incl.
Channel Islands]).
|
|
|
Thamnophis marcianus
|
Checkered Garter Snake
|
|
Schachbrett-Strumpfbandnatter, Texas-Strumpfbandnatter
|
|
Skakbrætstrømpebåndssnog
|
|
1853 | |
Eutaenia marciana Baird & Girard |
|
| |
Thamnophis marcianus Ruthven 1908 |
|
1889 | |
Eutaenia nigrolateris Brown (syn. Rossman, Ford & Seigel 1996) |
|
| |
Thamnophis marcianus nigrolateris Mittleman 1949 |
|
1892 | |
Eutaenia praeocularis Bocourt (syn. Rossman, Ford & Seigel 1996) |
|
| |
Thamnophis praeocularis Dunn 1940 |
|
| |
Thamnophis sumichrasti praeocularis Smith 1942 |
|
| |
Thamnophis eques praeocularis Bogert & Oliver 1970 |
|
| |
Thamnophis marcianus praeocularis Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 |
|
1937 | |
Thamnophis arabdotus Andrews (syn. Rossman, Ford & Seigel 1996) |
|
1938 | |
Thamnophis ruthveni Hartweg & Oliver (syn. Rossman, Ford & Seigel 1996) |
|
| |
Thamnophis marcianus ruthveni McCoy & Horn 1962 |
|
1940 | |
Thamnophis bovallii Dunn (syn. Rossman, Ford & Seigel 1996) |
|
| |
Thamnophis marcianus bovalli Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 |
|
1940 | |
Thamnophis rozellae Smith (syn. Rossman, Ford & Seigel 1996) |
Other common names:
marcianus: Marcy's Checkered Garter Snake
praeocularis: Yucatan Checkered Garter Snake
Distribution:
Belize,
Costa Rica,
Guatemala,
Honduras,
Mexico
(Baja California Norte,
Campeche,
Chiapas,
Chihuahua,
Coahuila,
Durango,
Hidalgo,
Nuevo Leon,
Oaxaca,
Quintana Roo,
San Luis Potosi,
Sonora,
Tabasco,
Tamaulipas,
Veracruz,
Yucatan,
Zacatecas),
Nicaragua,
USA
(Arizona,
California,
Kansas,
New Mexico,
Oklahoma,
Texas).
|
|
|
Thamnophis melanogaster
|
Mexican Black-bellied Garter Snake
|
|
Schwarzbauch-Strumpfbandnatter
|
|
Sortbuget Strømpebåndssnog
|
|
1863 | |
Tropidonotus mesomelanus Jan [nomen oblitum] (syn. Smith & Chiszar 2001) |
|
1864 | |
Tropidonotus melanogaster Peters |
|
| |
Eutaenia melanogaster Cope 1885 |
|
| |
Thamnophis melanogaster McLain 1899 |
|
| |
Nerodia melanogaster Chiasson & Lowe 1989 |
|
1865 | |
Tropidonotus Baronis Mülleri Troschel in Müller [invalid name] (syn. Rossman, Ford & Seigel 1996) |
|
1942 | |
Thamnophis melanogaster canescens Smith |
|
| |
Nerodia melanogaster canescens Liner 1994 |
|
1950 | |
Thamnophis melanogaster linearis Smith, Nixon & Smith |
|
| |
Nerodia melanogaster linearis Liner 1994 |
|
1959 | |
Thamnophis melanogaster chihuahuaensis Tanner |
|
| |
Nerodia melanogaster chihuahuaensis Liner 1994 |
Other common names:
canescens: Grey Black-bellied Garter Snake
chihuahuaensis: Chihuahuan Black-bellied Garter Snake
linearis: Lined Black-bellied Garter Snake
melanogaster: Common Mexican Black-bellied Garter Snake
Remarks:
Transferred back to the genus Thamnophis by Rossman, Ford & Seigel (1996).
Erroneously recorded from Sinaloa.
Not listed for Morelos by Lemos-Espinal & Smith (2020).
Not listed for Veracruz by Torres-Hernandez, Ramirez-Bautista, Cruz-Elizalde, Hernandez-Salinas, Berriozabal-Islas, DeSantis, Johnson, Rocha, Garcia-Padilla, Mata-Silva, Fucsko & Wilson (2021).
Distribution:
Mexico
(Aguascalientes,
Chihuahua,
Distrito Federal,
Durango,
Guanajuato,
Hidalgo,
Jalisco,
Mexico State,
Michoacan,
Morelos,
Nayarit,
Queretaro,
San Luis Potosi,
Sonora,
Veracruz,
Zacatecas).
|
|
|
Thamnophis mendax
|
Tamaulipan Montane Garter Snake
|
|
Mexikanische Berg-Strumpfbandnatter
|
|
Tamaulipas-strømpebåndssnog
|
|
1955 | |
Thamnophis mendax Walker |
Distribution:
Mexico
(Tamaulipas).
|
|
|
Thamnophis nigronuchalis
|
Durango Narrow-headed Garter Snake, Southern Durango Spotted Garter Snake
|
|
Schwarznacken-Strumpfbandnatter
|
|
Sydlig Smalhovedet Strømpebåndssnog
|
|
1957 | |
Thamnophis nigronuchalis Thompson |
|
| |
Nerodia rufipunctatus nigronuchalis Liner 1994 |
|
| |
Thamnophis rufipunctatus nigronuchalis Tanner 1985 |
|
| |
Thamnophis nigronuchalis Rossman 1996 |
Remarks:
Revalidated as a separate species by Queiroz & Lawson (1994) and Rossman (1996).
Heimes (2016) included Sinaloa and Zacatecas in the distribution, but no other references appear to corroborate this, although the species may eventually be found in both states.
Distribution:
Mexico
(Durango,
Nayarit).
|
|
|
Thamnophis ordinoides
|
Northwestern Garter Snake
|
|
Nordwestliche Strumpfbandnatter
|
|
Nordvestlig Strømpebåndssnog
|
|
1852 | |
Tropidonotus ordinoides Baird & Girard |
|
| |
Thamnophis ordinoides Ruthven 1908 |
|
1853 | |
Eutaenia leptocephala Baird & Girard (syn. Rossman, Ford & Seigel 1996) |
|
1860 | |
Eutainia cooperi Kennicott (syn. Rossman, Ford & Seigel 1996) |
|
1899 | |
Thamnophis leptocephala olympia Meek (syn. Rossman, Ford & Seigel 1996) |
|
1899 | |
Thamnophis rubristriata Meek (syn. Rossman, Ford & Seigel 1996) |
Remarks:
A record from Alaska presumably represents an introduction (Neuman-Lee, McGaugh, Pfrender & Janzen 2011).
Introduced to:
USA
(Alaska).
Distribution:
Canada
(British Columbia
[incl.
Vancouver Island]),
USA
(California,
Oregon,
Washington).
|
|
|
Thamnophis postremus
|
Tepalcatepec Valley Garter Snake, Tepalcatepec Valley Black-necked Garter Snake
|
|
Tepalcatepec-Strumpfbandnatter
|
|
Tepalcatepec-strømpebåndssnog
|
|
1942 | |
Thamnophis eques postremus Smith |
|
| |
Thamnophis cyrtopsis postremus Smith 1951 |
|
| |
Thamnophis postremus Rossman, Ford & Seigel 1996 |
Distribution:
Mexico
(Michoacan).
|
|
|
Thamnophis proximus
|
Western Ribbon Snake, (Central American Ribbon Snake)
|
|
Westliche Bändernatter
|
|
Vestlig Båndssnog
|
|
1823 | |
Coluber proximus Say |
|
| |
Thamnophis proxima Garman 1892 |
|
| |
Thamnophis sauritus proximus Ruthven 1908 |
|
1853 | |
Eutaenia faireyi Baird & Girard (syn. Rossman, Ford & Seigel 1996) |
|
1861 | |
Prymnomiodon chalceus Cope (syn. Rossman, Ford & Seigel 1996) |
|
| |
Thamnophis sauritus chalceus Dunn 1940 |
|
1885 | |
Eutaenia rutiloris Cope |
|
| |
Thamnophis sauritus rutiloris Smith 1938 |
|
| |
Thamnophis proximus rutiloris Rossman 1963 |
|
1963 | |
Thamnophis proximus alpinus Rossman |
|
1963 | |
Thamnophis proximus diabolicus Rossman |
|
1963 | |
Thamnophis proximus orarius Rossman |
|
1963 | |
Thamnophis proximus rubrilineatus Rossman |
Other common names:
alpinus: Chiapas Highland Ribbon Snake
diabolicus: Arid Land Ribbon Snake
orarius: Gulf Coast Ribbon Snake
proximus: Orange-striped Ribbon Snake
rubrilineatus: Red-striped Ribbon Snake
rutiloris: Lowland Tropical Ribbon Snake
Remarks:
Previously considered a subspecies of sauritus. Revalidated by Rossman (1962).
Distribution:
Belize,
Costa Rica,
El Salvador,
Guatemala,
Honduras,
Mexico
(Campeche,
Chiapas,
Coahuila,
Guerrero,
Hidalgo,
Michoacan,
Nuevo Leon,
Oaxaca,
Puebla,
Quintana Roo
[incl.
Cozumel],
San Luis Potosi,
Tabasco,
Tamaulipas,
Veracruz,
Yucatan),
Nicaragua,
USA
(Arkansas,
Colorado,
Illinois,
Indiana,
Iowa,
Kansas,
Kentucky,
Louisiana,
Mississippi,
Missouri,
Nebraska,
New Mexico,
Oklahoma,
Tennessee,
Texas,
Wisconsin).
|
Thamnophis proximus
© Rune Midtgaard
|
|
Thamnophis pulchrilatus
|
Yellow-throated Garter Snake, Mexican Highland Black-necked Garter Snake
|
|
Gelbkehl-Strumpfbandnatter
|
|
Gulstrubet Strømpebåndssnog
|
|
1885 | |
Eutaenia pulchrilatus Cope "1884" |
|
| |
Thamnophis cyrtopsis pulchrilatus Webb 1966 |
|
| |
Thamnophis pulchrilatus Rossman, Ford & Seigel 1996 |
Distribution:
Mexico
(Aguascalientes,
Distrito Federal,
Durango,
Guanajuato,
Hidalgo,
Jalisco,
Mexico State,
Michoacan,
Nayarit,
Nuevo Leon,
Oaxaca,
Puebla,
Queretaro,
Tamaulipas,
Tlaxcala,
Veracruz,
Zacatecas).
|
|
|
Thamnophis radix
|
Plains Garter Snake
|
|
Prärie-Strumpfbandnatter
|
|
Præriestrømpebåndssnog
|
|
1853 | |
Eutainia radix Baird & Girard |
|
| |
Thamnophis radix Jordan 1899 |
|
1860 | |
Eutaenia haydenii Kennicott (syn. Rossman, Ford & Seigel 1996) |
|
| |
Thamnophis radix haydeni Schmidt 1953 |
|
1863 | |
Tropidonotus kennicotti Jan (syn. Rossman, Ford & Seigel 1996) |
|
1878 | |
Eutaenia radix twiningi Coues & Yarrow (syn. Rossman, Ford & Seigel 1996) |
|
1888 | |
Eutaenia radix melotaenia Cope (syn. Rossman, Ford & Seigel 1996) |
Other common names:
haydeni: Western Plains Garter Snake
radix: Eastern Plains Garter Snake
Distribution:
Canada
(Alberta,
Manitoba,
Saskatchewan),
USA
(Arkansas,
Colorado,
Illinois,
Indiana,
Iowa,
Kansas,
Minnesota,
Missouri,
Montana,
Nebraska,
New Mexico,
North Dakota,
Ohio,
Oklahoma,
South Dakota,
Texas,
Wisconsin,
Wyoming).
|
|
|
Thamnophis rossmani
|
Nayarit Garter Snake, (Rossman's Garter Snake)
|
|
Nayarit-Strumpfbandnatter
|
|
Nayarit-strømpebåndssnog
|
|
2000 | |
Thamnophis rossmani Conant |
Distribution:
Mexico
(Nayarit).
|
|
|
Thamnophis rufipunctatus
|
Arizona Narrow-headed Garter Snake, Mogollon Narrow-headed Garter Snake
|
|
Nördliche Braunfleckiger Strumpfbandnatter
|
|
Nordlig Smalhovedet Strømpebåndssnog
|
|
1875 | |
Chilopoma rufipunctatum Cope |
|
| |
Thamnophis rufipunctatus Smith 1942 |
|
| |
Nerodia rufipunctatus Chiasson & Lowe 1989 |
|
1883 | |
Atomarchus multimaculatus Cope (syn. Rossman, Ford & Seigel 1996) |
|
| |
Thamnophis multimaculatus Taylor 1941 |
Remarks:
Previously included nigronuchalis and unilabialis. Transferred back to Thamnophis from
Nerodia by Rossman, Ford & Seigel (1996).
The taxon Eutaenia angustirostris (a nomen dubium, according to Rossman, Ford & Seigel 1996) has previously been confused with rufipunctatus.
It has been considered a valid species of the genus Thamnophis by some authors
(e.g., Schmidt 1953; Smith & Smith 1976; Chávez-Avila, Casas-Andreu, García-Aguayo, Cifuentes-Lemus & Cupul-Magaña 2015; Lemos-Espinal 2015).
Distribution:
USA
(Arizona,
New Mexico).
|
|
|
Thamnophis saurita
|
Eastern Ribbon Snake
|
|
Östliche Bändernatter
|
|
Østlig Båndsnog
|
|
1766 | |
Coluber saurita Linnaeus |
|
| |
Thamnophis saurita Stejneger 1893 |
|
1859 | |
Eutaenia sackenii Kennicott (syn. Rossman, Ford & Seigel 1996) |
|
| |
Thamnophis sauritus sackenii Ruthven 1908 |
|
1891 | |
Tropidonotus nicobarensis Sclater (syn. Lee, Chandramouli & Bauer 2023) |
|
| |
Tropidonotus nicobaricus Sclater 1891 [incorrect subsequent spelling] |
|
| |
Tropidonotus nicobariensis Boulenger 1893 [incorrect subsequent spelling] |
|
| |
Natrix nicobarensis Wall 1910 |
|
| |
Natrix nicobariensis Wall 1923 |
|
| |
Amphiesma nicobariensis Malnate 1960 |
|
| |
Xenochrophis nicobariensis Biswas & Sanyal 1980 |
|
| |
Paranatrix nicobarensis Mahendra 1984 |
|
| |
Sinonatrix nicobarensis Murthy 1994 |
|
| |
Hebius nicobariense Guo, Zhu, Liu, Zhang, Li, Huang & Pyron 2014 |
|
1963 | |
Thamnophis sauritus nitae Rossman |
|
1963 | |
Thamnophis sauritus septentrionalis Rossman |
Other common names:
nitae: Blue-striped Ribbon Snake
sackeni: Peninsula Ribbon Snake
saurita: Common Ribbon Snake
septentrionalis: Northern Ribbon Snake
Remarks:
Previously included proximus.
As shown by Kraus & Cameron (2016) and Frétey (2019), the specific epithet saurita is a noun in apposition, not an adjective.
Thus, the correct spelling is saurita, not sauritus, as seen almost consistently in older publications.
Introduced to:
Bahamas.
Distribution:
Canada
(Nova Scotia,
Ontario,
Quebec),
USA
(Alabama,
Connecticut,
Delaware,
Florida,
Georgia,
Illinois,
Indiana,
Kentucky,
Louisiana,
Maine,
Maryland,
Massachusetts,
Michigan,
Mississippi,
New Hampshire,
New Jersey,
New York
[incl.
Long Island],
North Carolina,
Ohio,
Pennsylvania,
Rhode Island,
South Carolina,
Tennessee,
Vermont,
Virginia,
Washington, D.C.,
West Virginia,
Wisconsin).
|
Thamnophis saurita
© Rune Midtgaard
|
|
Thamnophis scalaris
|
Mexican Alpine Blotched Garter Snake, Long-tailed Alpine Garter Snake
|
|
Treppen-Strumpfbandnatter
|
|
Langhalet Bjerg-strømpebåndssnog
|
|
1860 | |
Thamnophis scalaris Cope |
Distribution:
Mexico
(Distrito Federal,
Guanajuato,
Hidalgo,
Mexico State,
Michoacan,
Morelos,
Oaxaca,
Puebla,
Queretaro,
San Luis Potosi,
Tlaxcala,
Veracruz).
|
|
|
Thamnophis scaliger
|
Mesa Central Blotched Garter Snake, Short-tailed Alpine Garter Snake
|
|
Hochland-Strumpfbandnatter
|
|
Korthalet Bjerg-strømpebåndssnog
|
|
1863 | |
Tropidonotus scaliger Jan |
|
| |
Thamnophis scalaris scaliger Smith 1942 |
|
| |
Thamnophis scaliger Flores-Villela 1993 |
Distribution:
Mexico
(Aguascalientes,
Distrito Federal,
Guanajuato,
Hidalgo,
Jalisco,
Mexico State,
Michoacan,
Puebla,
San Luis Potosi,
Tlaxcala,
Veracruz,
Zacatecas).
|
|
|
Thamnophis sirtalis
|
Common Garter Snake
|
|
Gewöhnliche Strumpfbandnatter
|
|
Østlig Strømpebåndssnog, Californisk Rødsidet Strømpebåndssnog (infernalis), Rødsidet Strømpebåndssnog (parietalis)
|
|
1758 | |
Coluber sirtalis Linnaeus |
|
| |
Thamnophis sirtalis Garman 1892 |
|
1766 | |
Coluber ordinatus Linnaeus (syn. Rossman, Ford & Seigel 1996) |
|
1788 | |
Tropidonotus taenia Schoepff (syn. Rossman, Ford & Seigel 1996) |
|
1803 | |
Coluber ibibe Daudin (syn. Rossman, Ford & Seigel 1996) |
|
1823 | |
Coluber parietalis Say in James (syn. Rossman, Ford & Seigel 1996) |
|
| |
Thamnophis sirtalis parietalis Jordan 1899 |
|
| |
Thamnophis parietalis Garstka, Camazine & Crews 1982 |
|
1835 | |
Coluber infernalis Blainville (syn. Rossman, Ford & Seigel 1996) |
|
| |
Thamnophis sirtalis infernalis Van Denburgh & Slevin 1918 |
|
1837 | |
Tropidonotus bipunctatus Schlegel (syn. Rossman, Ford & Seigel 1996) |
|
1852 | |
Tropidonotus concinnus Hallowell (syn. Rossman, Ford & Seigel 1996) |
|
| |
Thamnophis sirtalis concinnus Ruthven 1908 |
|
1853 | |
Eutaenia dorsalis Baird & Girard (syn. Rossman, Ford & Seigel 1996) |
|
| |
Thamnophis dorsalis McDiarmid 1963 |
|
1853 | |
Eutainia pickeringii Baird & Girard (syn. Rossman, Ford & Seigel 1996) |
|
| |
Thamnophis sirtalis pickeringii Johnson 1942 |
|
1854 | |
Tropidonotus jauresii Duméril, Bibron & Duméril (syn. Rossman, Ford & Seigel 1996) |
|
1859 | |
Eutaenia ornata Baird & Girard (syn. Rossman, Ford & Seigel 1996) |
|
1875 | |
Eutaenia sirtalis obscura Cope (syn. Rossman, Ford & Seigel 1996) |
|
1875 | |
Eutaenia sirtalis tetrataenia Cope (syn. Rossman, Ford & Seigel 1996) |
|
| |
Thamnophis sirtalis tetrataenia Johnson 1942 |
|
1889 | |
Eutaenia sirtalis graminea Cope (syn. Rossman, Ford & Seigel 1996) |
|
1889 | |
Eutaenia sirtalis melanota Highley (syn. Rossman, Ford & Seigel 1996) |
|
1892 | |
Eutaenia sirtalis semifasciata Cope (syn. Rossman, Ford & Seigel 1996) |
|
1892 | |
Eutainia sirtalis trilineata Cope (syn. Rossman, Ford & Seigel 1996) |
|
1899 | |
Thamnophis sirtalis pallidula Allen |
|
1903 | |
Tropidonotus obalskii Mocquard (syn. Rossman, Ford & Seigel 1996) |
|
1950 | |
Thamnophis sirtalis annectens Brown |
|
1951 | |
Thamnophis sirtalis fitchi Fox |
|
1964 | |
Thamnophis sirtalis similis Rossman |
|
1988 | |
Thamnophis sirtalis lowei Tanner (syn. Rossman, Ford & Seigel 1996) |
Other common names:
annectens: Texas Garter Snake
concinnus: Red-spotted Garter Snake
dorsalis: New Mexico Garter Snake
fitchi: Valley Garter Snake
infernalis: California Red-sided Garter Snake
lowei: Lowe's Garter Snake
pallidulus: Maritime Garter Snake
parietalis: Red-sided Garter Snake
pickeringi: Puget Sound Garter Snake
semifasciatus: Chicago Garter Snake
similis: Blue-striped Garter Snake
sirtalis: Eastern Garter Snake
tetrataenia: San Francisco Garter Snake
Remarks:
Most northerly distributed snake species in North America, reaching the North West Territories in Canada.
There is also an old report from Yukon (Mills 1948), which appears to be unverified.
Although reported from Newfoundland (Behler & King 1979), the species does not occur there (Fisher, Joynt & Brooks 2007).
Collins (1991) suggested recognition of dorsalis as a separate species.
Introduced to:
Bahamas,
New Zealand,
Saint Barthelemy.
Distribution:
Canada
(Alberta,
British Columbia
[incl.
Vancouver Island],
Manitoba,
New Brunswick,
North West Territories,
Nova Scotia
[incl.
Cape Breton Island],
Ontario,
Prince Edward Island,
Quebec,
Saskatchewan),
Mexico
(Chihuahua),
USA
(Alabama,
Alaska,
Arkansas,
California,
Colorado,
Connecticut,
Delaware,
Florida,
Georgia,
Idaho,
Illinois,
Indiana,
Iowa,
Kansas,
Kentucky,
Louisiana,
Maine,
Maryland,
Massachusetts,
Michigan,
Minnesota,
Mississippi,
Missouri,
Montana,
Nebraska,
Nevada,
New Hampshire,
New Jersey,
New Mexico,
New York
[incl.
Long Island],
North Carolina,
North Dakota,
Ohio,
Oklahoma,
Oregon,
Pennsylvania,
Rhode Island,
South Carolina,
South Dakota,
Tennessee,
Texas,
Utah,
Vermont,
Virginia,
Washington,
Washington, D.C.,
West Virginia,
Wisconsin,
Wyoming).
|
Thamnophis sirtalis
© Rune Midtgaard
|
|
Thamnophis sumichrasti
|
Orizaba Garter Snake, (Sumichrast's Garter Snake)
|
|
Sattelflecken-Strumpfbandnatter
|
|
Orizaba-strømpebåndssnog
|
|
1866 | |
Eutaenia sumichrasti Cope |
|
| |
Thamnophis sumichrasti Smith 1942 |
|
1868 | |
Eutaenia phenax Cope (syn. Rossman 1966; Rossman, Ford & Seigel 1996) |
|
| |
Thamnophis phenax Smith 1942 |
|
1940 | |
Thamnophis halophilus Taylor (syn. Rossman, Ford & Seigel 1996) |
|
| |
Thamnophis phenax halophilus Smith 1942 |
Remarks:
Although included for Jalisco by Cruz-Sáenz, Guerrero, Lazcano & Télles-López (2009), presence in the state is considered undocumented herein, following
Cruz-Sáenz, Muñoz-Nolasco, Mata-Silva, Johnson, García-Padilla & Wilson (2017), who did not list the species for Jalisco.
Distribution:
Mexico
(Hidalgo,
Oaxaca,
Puebla,
Queretaro,
San Luis Potosi,
Veracruz).
|
|
|
Thamnophis unilabialis
|
Chihuahua Narrow-headed Garter Snake, Madrean Narrow-headed Garter Snake
|
|
Mexicanische Braunfleckiger Strumpfbandnatter
|
|
Mexicansk Smalhovedet Strømpebåndssnog
|
|
1985 | |
Thamnophis rufipunctatus unilabialis Tanner |
|
| |
Nerodia rufipunctatus unilabialis Liner 1994 |
|
| |
Thamnophis unilabialis Wood, Vandergast, Lemos-Espinal, Fisher & Holycross 2011 |
Remarks:
Transferred back to Thamnophis from
Nerodia by Rossman, Ford & Seigel (1996).
Distribution:
Mexico
(Chihuahua,
Durango,
Sonora).
|
|
|
Thamnophis validus
|
Mexican West Coast Garter Snake, Mexican Pacific Lowlands Garter Snake, Pacific Water Snake, Natricine Garter Snake
|
|
Mexikanische Westküsten-Wassernatter
|
|
Vestmexicansk Strømpebåndssnog
|
|
1860 | |
Regina valida Kennicott |
|
| |
Natrix valida Cope 1892 |
|
| |
Tropidonotus validus Boulenger 1893 |
|
| |
Nerodia valida Rossman & Eberle 1977 |
|
| |
Thamnophis validus Lawson 1987 |
|
1860 | |
Tropidonotus celaeno Cope |
|
| |
Thamnophis valida celaeno Liner 1994 |
|
1860 | |
Tropidonotus tephropleura Cope (syn. Rossman, Ford & Seigel 1996) |
|
1879 | |
Tropidonotus quadriserialis Fischer (syn. Rossman, Ford & Seigel 1996) |
|
1953 | |
Natrix valida isabelleae Conant |
|
| |
Thamnophis valida isabelleae Liner 1994 |
|
1961 | |
Natrix valida thamnophisoides Conant |
|
| |
Nerodia valida thamnophisoides Lawson 1987 |
|
| |
Thamnophis valida thamnophisoides Liner 1994 |
Other common names:
celaeno: Cape Garter Snake, Cape Water Snake
isabelleae: Colima Garter Snake, Colima Water Snake
thamnophisoides: Tepic Garter Snake, Tepic Water Snake
valida: Pacific Garter Snake
Distribution:
Mexico
(Baja California Sur,
Chihuahua,
Colima,
Durango,
Guerrero,
Jalisco,
Michoacan,
Nayarit,
Oaxaca,
Sinaloa,
Sonora).
|
|
|