Citation: Midtgaard, Rune. RepFocus - A Survey of the Reptiles of the World. (www.repfocus.dk).
Latest update:
October 17th, 2024.
 
|
Genus
Lampropeltis
 |
King Snakes and Milk Snakes
|
 |
Königsnattern
|
 |
Kongesnoge
|
|
1843 |  |
Lampropeltis Fitzinger (type species: Coluber getulus Linnaeus 1766) |
|
1843 | |
Sphenophis Fitzinger (type species: Coronella coccinea Schlegel = Coluber triangulum Lacepede 1788) |
|
1853 | |
Ophibolus Baird in Baird & Girard (type species: Coronella sayi = Coluber getulus Linnaeus 1766) |
|
1853 | |
Osceola Girard in Baird & Girard (type species: Calamaria elapsoidea Holbrook = Coluber triangulum Lacepede 1788) |
|
1877 | |
Bellophis Lockington (type species: Bellophis zonatus Lockington 1876) |
|
1890 | |
Stilosoma Brown (type species: Stilosoma extenuatum Brown 1890; syn. Pyron & Burbrink 2009) |
|
| |
Stylophis Berg [substitute name for Stilosoma Brown 1890) |
|
1897 | |
Oreophis Dugès (type species: Oreophis boulengeri Dugès 1897) |
|
1924 | |
Triaenopholis Werner (type species: Triaenopholis arenarius = Coluber getulus Linnaeus 1766) |
Contents:
31 species, of which 21 (67.7%) are endemic.
Endemism: 0%  100%
Distribution:
North America, Central America, NW. South America.
Reported from:
Belize,
Canada
(Ontario,
Quebec),
Colombia,
Costa Rica,
Ecuador,
El Salvador,
Guatemala,
Honduras,
Mexico
(Aguascalientes,
Baja California Norte
[incl.
Isla Todos Santos Sur],
Baja California Sur
[incl.
Isla Cerralvo,
Isla Santa Catalina],
Campeche,
Chiapas,
Chihuahua,
Coahuila,
Colima,
Distrito Federal,
Durango,
Guanajuato,
Guerrero,
Hidalgo,
Jalisco,
Mexico State,
Michoacan,
Morelos,
Nayarit
[incl.
Islas Marias
(Maria Madre)],
Nuevo Leon,
Oaxaca,
Puebla,
Queretaro,
Quintana Roo,
San Luis Potosi,
Sinaloa,
Sonora
[incl.
Isla San Esteban,
Isla San Pedro Nolasco],
Tabasco,
Tamaulipas,
Veracruz,
Yucatan,
Zacatecas),
Nicaragua,
Panama,
USA
(Alabama,
Arizona,
Arkansas,
California,
Colorado,
Connecticut,
Delaware,
Florida,
Georgia,
Illinois,
Indiana,
Iowa,
Kansas,
Kentucky,
Louisiana,
Maine,
Maryland,
Massachusetts,
Michigan,
Minnesota,
Mississippi,
Missouri,
Montana,
Nebraska,
Nevada,
New Hampshire,
New Jersey,
New Mexico,
New York
[incl.
Long Island],
North Carolina,
Ohio,
Oklahoma,
Oregon,
Pennsylvania,
Rhode Island,
South Carolina,
South Dakota,
Tennessee,
Texas,
Utah,
Vermont,
Virginia,
Washington,
Washington, D.C.,
West Virginia,
Wisconsin,
Wyoming),
Venezuela.
| |
|
Lampropeltis abnorma
|
Central American Milk Snake
|
|
Zentralamerikanische Milchnatter
|
|
Centralamerikansk Mælkesnog
|
|
1886 | |
Coronella formosa anomala Bocourt [not Coronella anomala Günther 1858 (Serpentes)] |
|
1886 | |
Coronella formosa abnorma Bocourt [substitute name for Coronella formosa anomala Bocourt 1886] |
|
| |
Lampropeltis triangulum abnorma Smith 1942 |
|
| |
Lampropeltis abnorma García-Padilla & Mata-Silva 2014 |
|
1886 | |
Coronella formosa oligozona Bocourt (Ruane, Bryson, Pyron & Burbrink 2014) |
|
| |
Lampropeltis triangulum oligozona Smith 1942 |
|
1935 | |
Lampropeltis polyzona blanchardi Stuart (Ruane, Bryson, Pyron & Burbrink 2014) |
|
| |
Lampropeltis triangulum blanchardi Dunn 1937 |
|
1978 | |
Lampropeltis triangulum conanti Williams [part] (Ruane, Bryson, Pyron & Burbrink 2014) |
|
1978 | |
Lampropeltis triangulum hondurensis Williams (Ruane, Bryson, Pyron & Burbrink 2014) |
|
1978 | |
Lampropeltis triangulum stuarti Williams (Ruane, Bryson, Pyron & Burbrink 2014) |
Other common names:
abnorma: Guatemalan Milk Snake
blanchardi: Blanchard's Milk Snake
conanti: Conant's Milk Snake
hondurensis: Honduran Milk Snake
oligozona: Pacific Central American Milk Snake
stuarti: Stuart's Milk Snake
Remarks:
Previously regarded as a subspecies of triangulum.
Elevated to status as a separate species by Ruane, Bryson, Pyron & Burbrink (2014).
Includes some records previously assigned to polyzona (Ruane, Bryson, Pyron & Burbrink 2014).
Chambers & Hillis (2020) did not support the taxonomic conclusions by Ruane, Bryson, Pyron & Burbrink (2014) and considered abnorma a synonym of polyzona.
Not listed for Veracruz by Torres-Hernandez, Ramirez-Bautista, Cruz-Elizalde, Hernandez-Salinas, Berriozabal-Islas, DeSantis, Johnson, Rocha, Garcia-Padilla, Mata-Silva, Fucsko & Wilson (2021).
Introduced to:
USA
(Florida).
Distribution:
Belize,
Costa Rica,
El Salvador,
Guatemala,
Honduras,
Mexico
(Campeche,
Chiapas,
Guerrero,
Oaxaca,
Quintana Roo,
Tabasco,
Veracruz,
Yucatan),
Nicaragua.
|
Lampropeltis abnorma
© Rune Midtgaard
|
|
Lampropeltis alterna
|
Grey-banded Kingsnake
|
|
Graugebänderte Königsnatter
|
|
Gråbåndet Kongesnog
|
|
1901 | |
Ophibolus alternus Brown |
|
| |
Lampropeltis alterna Stejneger & Barbour 1917 |
|
| |
Lampropeltis mexicana alterna Gehlback & Baker 1962 |
|
1950 | |
Lampropeltis blairi Flury (Hansen & Salmon 2017) |
|
| |
Lampropeltis mexicana blairi Gehlback & Baker 1962 |
|
| |
Lampropeltis alterna blairi Hilken & Schlepper 1998 |
Remarks:
Salmon, Liner, Forks & Lazcano (2004) provided the first record of alterna from Nuevo Leon. Previous records (Liner 1964; Gehlbach & McCoy 1965; Liner, Johnson & Chaney 1976 - probably repeated by Contreras-Arquieta & Lazcano-Villarreal 1995) refer to mexicanus (Salmon, Liner, Forks & Lazcano 2004).
Introduced to:
USA
(Florida).
Distribution:
Mexico
(Chihuahua,
Coahuila,
Durango,
Nuevo Leon,
Zacatecas),
USA
(New Mexico,
Texas).
|
Lampropeltis alterna
© Rune Midtgaard
|
|
Lampropeltis annulata
|
Tamaulipan Milk Snake
|
|
Tamaulipas-Milchnatter
|
|
Tamaulipas-mælkesnog
|
|
1861 | |
Lampropeltis annulata Kennicott |
|
| |
Lampropeltis triangulum annulata Blanchard 1920 |
|
| |
Lampropeltis doliata annulata Klauber 1948 |
|
1983 | |
Lampropeltis triangulum dixoni Quinn |
Other common names:
annulata: Mexican Milk Snake
dixoni: Dixon's Milk Snake
Remarks:
Previously regarded as a subspecies of triangulum.
Revalidated as a separate species by Ruane, Bryson, Pyron & Burbrink (2014).
Records of annulata from (at least central parts of) Texas refer to gentilis (Ruane, Bryson, Pyron & Burbrink 2014).
Following these authors, annulata is currently considered a Mexican endemic.
Chambers & Hillis (2020) did not support the taxonomic conclusions by Ruane, Bryson, Pyron & Burbrink (2014) and considered annulata a synonym of triangulum.
Not mentioned for Queretaro by Cruz-Elizalde, Ramírez-Bautista, Hernández-Salinas, Berriozabal-Islas & Wilson (2019).
Not listed for Veracruz by Torres-Hernandez, Ramirez-Bautista, Cruz-Elizalde, Hernandez-Salinas, Berriozabal-Islas, DeSantis, Johnson, Rocha, Garcia-Padilla, Mata-Silva, Fucsko & Wilson (2021).
Distribution:
Mexico
(Coahuila,
Guanajuato,
Hidalgo,
Nuevo Leon,
San Luis Potosi,
Tamaulipas,
Veracruz).
|
|
|
Lampropeltis californiae
|
California Kingsnake
|
|
Kalifornische Königsnatter
|
|
Californisk Kongesnog
|
|
1835 | |
Coluber californiae Blainville |
|
| |
Lampropeltis californiae Van Denburgh 1897 |
|
| |
Lampropeltis getulus californiae Klauber 1936 |
|
1853 | |
Coronella balteata Hallowell (Schmidt 1953) |
|
1853 | |
Ophibolus boylii Baird & Girard (Schmidt 1953, Markel 1990) |
|
| |
Lampropeltis getulus boylii Blanchard 1920 |
|
1861 | |
Coronella doliata conjuncta Jan (Schmidt 1953) |
|
| |
Lampropeltis getulus conjuncta Blanchard 1920 |
|
1882 | |
Ophibolus getulus eiseni Yarrow (Schmidt 1953) |
|
1895 | |
Lampropeltis nitida Van Denburgh (Blaney 1975) |
|
| |
Lampropeltis californiae nitida Blanchard 1920 |
|
1919 | |
Lampropeltis getulus yumenensis Blanchard (Blaney 1975) |
Remarks:
For many decades regarded as a subspecies of getula.
Revalidated by Pyron & Burbrink (2009).
Previously included nigrita.
Introduced to:
South Africa
(Eastern Cape,
Gauteng),
USA
(Florida).
Distribution:
Mexico
(Baja California Norte,
Baja California Sur
[incl.
Isla Cerralvo],
Sonora),
USA
(Arizona,
California,
Colorado,
Nevada,
New Mexico,
Oregon,
Utah).
|
Lampropeltis californiae
© Rune Midtgaard
|
|
Lampropeltis calligaster
|
Prarie Kingsnake
|
|
Prärie-Königsnatter
|
|
Prærie-kongesnog
|
|
1827 | |
Coluber calligaster Harlan |
|
| |
Ablabes triangulum var. calligaster Hallowell 1856 |
|
| |
Lampropeltis calligaster Cope 1860 |
|
| |
Ophiobolus calligaster Cope 1875 |
|
| |
Ophiobolus triangulus calligaster Garman 1883 |
|
| |
Coronella calligaster Boulenger 1894 |
|
1859 | |
Ophiobolus evansii Kennicott (Schmidt 1953) |
|
1863 | |
Coronella tigrina Jan (Schmidt 1953) |
Remarks:
Previously included occipitolineata and rhombomaculata.
Distribution:
USA
(Alabama,
Arkansas,
Illinois,
Indiana,
Iowa,
Kansas,
Kentucky,
Louisiana,
Mississippi,
Missouri,
Nebraska,
Oklahoma,
Tennessee,
Texas).
|
|
|
Lampropeltis catalinensis
|
Santa Catalina Island Kingsnake
|
|
Santa-Catalina-Königsnatter
|
|
Santa Catalina-kongesnog
|
|
1921 | |
Lampropeltis catalinensis Van Denburgh & Slevin |
|
| |
Lampropeltis getulus catalinensis Murphy & Ottley 1984 |
Remarks:
Revalidated as a separate species by Grismer (1999).
Distribution:
Mexico
(Baja California Sur:
Isla Santa Catalina).
|
|
|
Lampropeltis elapsoides
|
Scarlet Kingsnake
|
|
Scharlach-Königsnatter
|
|
Skarlagen-kongesnog
|
|
1838 | |
Coluber elapsoides Holbrook |
|
| |
Lampropeltis triangulum elapsoides Stejneger & Barbour 1943 |
|
| |
Lampropeltis elapsoides Pyron & Burbrink 2009a |
|
1920 | |
Lampropeltis elapsoides virginiana Blanchard (Wallach, Williams & Boundy 2014) |
|
1893 | |
Ophibolus doliatus temporalis Cope |
|
| |
Lampropeltis doliata temporalis Klauber 1948 |
Remarks:
Records of elapsoides/triangulum intergrades from New Jersey, Delaware, Maryland, Washington, D.C., and eastern Virginia are likely triangulum and not hybrids (Ruane, Bryson, Pyron & Burbrink 2014).
Distribution:
USA
(Alabama,
Florida,
Georgia,
Kentucky,
Louisiana,
Mississippi,
North Carolina,
South Carolina,
Tennessee,
Virginia).
|
|
|
Lampropeltis extenuata
|
Short-tailed King Snake, American Short-tailed Snake
|
|
Kurzschwanz-Natter
|
|
Korthalet Kongesnog, Korthalet Snog
|
|
1890 | |
Stilosoma extenuatum Brown |
|
| |
Lampropeltis extenuata Pyron & Burbrink 2009a |
|
1956 | |
Stilosoma extenuatum arenicola Highton (Highton 1976) |
|
1956 | |
Stilosoma extenuatum multistictum Highton (Highton 1976) |
Distribution:
USA
(Florida).
|
|
|
Lampropeltis floridana
|
Florida Kingsnake
|
|
Florida-Königsnatter
|
|
Florida-kongesnog
|
|
1919 | |
Lampropeltis getulus floridanus Blanchard |
|
| |
Lampropeltis floridana Krysko, Nuñez, Newman & Bowen 2017 |
Distribution:
USA
(Florida).
|
|
|
Lampropeltis gentilis
|
Northwestern Milk Snake
|
|
Nordwestliche Milchnatter
|
|
Nordvestlig Mælkesnog
|
|
1853 | |
Ophibolus gentilis Baird & Girard |
|
| |
Lampropeltis doliatus gentilis Klauber 1948 |
|
| |
Lampropeltis triangulum gentilis Conant 1975 |
|
1861 | |
Lampropeltis amaura Cope [part] (Ruane, Bryson, Pyron & Burbrink 2014) |
|
| |
Lampropeltis doliata amaura Schmidt 1953 |
|
| |
Lampropeltis triangulum amaura Stejneger & Barbour 1917 |
|
1861 | |
Lampropeltis multistriata Kennicott (Ruane, Bryson, Pyron & Burbrink 2014) |
|
| |
Lampropeltis triangulum multistrata [sic] Conant 1975 |
|
1903 | |
Lampropeltis pyromelana caelenops Stejneger (Ruane, Bryson, Pyron & Burbrink 2014) |
|
| |
Lampropeltis triangulum caelenops Conant 1975 |
|
1957 | |
Lampropeltis doliata taylori Tanner & Loomis (Ruane, Bryson, Pyron & Burbrink 2014) |
|
| |
Lampropeltis triangulum taylori Stebbins 1985 |
|
| |
Lampropeltis taylori Collins 1991 |
Other common names:
amaura: Louisiana Milk Snake
celaenops: New Mexico Milk Snake
gentilis: Central Plains Milk Snake
multistriata: Pale Milk Snake
taylori: Utah Milk Snake
Remarks:
Previously regarded as a subspecies of triangulum.
Revalidated as a separate species by Ruane, Bryson, Pyron & Burbrink (2014).
Includes some records previously assigned to annulata (i.e., Texas) and to triangulum syspila (i.e., Nebraska, Kansas, Oklahoma)
(Ruane, Bryson, Pyron & Burbrink 2014).
Collins (1991) suggested recognition of taylori as a separate species.
Chambers & Hillis (2020) did not support the taxonomic conclusions by Ruane, Bryson, Pyron & Burbrink (2014) and considered gentilis a synonym of triangulum.
Although North Dakota has been listed as part of the distribution by some authors (Markel 1990; Ruane, Bryson, Pyron & Burbrink 2014), this appears to be erroneous.
The state was not considered part of the distribution by neither Johnson (2015), nor Hammerson (2019).
Distribution:
Mexico
(Coahuila),
USA
(Arizona,
Arkansas,
Colorado,
Kansas,
Louisiana,
Montana,
Nebraska,
Nevada,
New Mexico,
Oklahoma,
South Dakota,
Texas,
Utah,
Wyoming).
|
|
|
Lampropeltis getula
|
Eastern Kingsnake
|
|
Gewöhnliche Königsnatter, Kettennatter
|
|
Østlig Kongesnog, (Almindelig Kongesnog)
|
|
1766 | |
Coluber getulus Linnaeus |
|
| |
Lampropeltis getulus Cope 1860 |
|
1919 | |
Lampropeltis getulus brooksi Barbour |
|
1942 | |
Lampropeltis getulus sticticeps Barbour & Engels (Pyron & Burbrink 2009) |
|
1949 | |
Lampropeltis getulus goini Neill & Allen (Pyron & Burbrink 2009) |
Remarks:
Previously included californiae, floridana, holbrooki, meansi, nigra, nigrita, and splendida, which were all
revalidated or raised to species status by Pyron & Burbrink (2009) and Krysko, Nuñez, Newman & Bowen (2017).
Introduced to:
Spain
(Canary Islands:
Gran Canaria).
Distribution:
Mexico
(Sonora),
USA
(Alabama,
Delaware,
Florida,
Georgia,
Maryland,
New Jersey,
North Carolina,
South Carolina,
Tennessee,
Virginia,
Washington, D.C.,
West Virginia).
|
|
|
Lampropeltis greeri
|
Durango Kingsnake, (Greer's Kingsnake)
|
|
Durango-Königsnatter
|
|
Durango-kongesnog
|
|
1961 | |
Lampropeltis greeri Webb |
|
| |
Lampropeltis mexicana greeri Gehlback & Baker 1962 |
Remarks:
Previously regarded as a synonym or subspecies of mexicana (e.g., Gehlback & Baker 1962; Markel 1990).
Revalidated as a separate species by Hansen & Salmon (2017).
Distribution:
Mexico
(Aguascalientes,
Durango,
Jalisco,
Nayarit,
Sinaloa,
Zacatecas).
|
|
|
Lampropeltis herrerae
|
Todos Santos Island Kingsnake, Todos Santos Sur Island Mountain Kingsnake
|
|
Todos-Santos-Königsnatter
|
|
Todos Santos-kongesnog
|
|
1923 | |
Lampropeltis herrerae Van Denburgh & Slevin |
|
| |
Lampropeltis multicincta herrerae Klauber 1943 |
|
| |
Lampropeltis zonata herrerae Smith & Taylor 1945 |
Remarks:
Revalidated as a separate species by Grismer (2001).
Distribution:
Mexico
(Baja California Norte:
Isla Todos Santos Sur).
|
|
|
Lampropeltis holbrooki
|
Speckled Kingsnake
|
|
Gesprenkelte Königsnatter
|
|
Spættet Kongesnog
|
|
1902 | |
Lampropeltis holbrooki Stejneger |
|
| |
Lampropeltis getulus holbrooki Hurter & Strecker 1909 |
Remarks:
Previously regarded as a subspecies of getula.
Revalidated by Pyron & Burbrink (2009).
Although listed for Mexico by Wilson, Mata-Silva & Johnson (2013), no locality records have been found published elsewhere for the country.
Distribution:
USA
(Alabama,
Arkansas,
Colorado,
Illinois,
Iowa,
Kansas,
Kentucky,
Louisiana,
Mississippi,
Missouri,
Nebraska,
Oklahoma,
Tennessee,
Texas).
|
|
|
Lampropeltis knoblochi
|
Chihuahuan Mountain Kingsnake, (Knobloch's Mountain Kingsnake)
|
|
Chihuahua-bjergKönigsnatter
|
|
Chihuahua-bjergkongesnog
|
|
1940 | |
Lampropeltis knoblochi Taylor |
|
| |
Lampropeltis pyromelana knoblochi Liner 1994 |
Remarks:
Revalidated as a separate species by Lemos-Espinal, Chiszar & Smith (2003).
Distribution:
Mexico
(Chihuahua,
Sonora),
USA
(Arizona).
|
Lampropeltis knoblochi
© Rune Midtgaard
|
|
Lampropeltis leonis
|
Nuevo Leon Kingsnake
|
|
Nuevo-Leon-Königsnatter
|
|
Nuevo Leon-kongesnog
|
|
1893 | |
Coronella leonis Günther |
|
| |
Lampropeltis leonis Blanchard 1920 |
|
1924 | |
Lampropeltis thayeri Loveridge (Hansen & Salmon 2017) |
|
| |
Lampropeltis mexicana thayeri Gehlback & Baker 1962 |
Other common names:
thayeri: Thayer's Kingsnake
Remarks:
Previously regarded as a synonym or subspecies of mexicana (e.g., Gartska 1982).
Revalidated as a separate species by Hansen & Salmon (2017).
Distribution:
Mexico
(Coahuila,
Nuevo Leon,
San Luis Potosi,
Tamaulipas).
|
|
|
Lampropeltis meansi
|
Apalachicola Lowlands Kingsnake
|
|
Apalachicola-Königsnatter
|
|
Apalachicola-kongesnog
|
|
2006 | |
Lampropeltis getula meansi Krysko & Judd |
|
| |
Lampropeltis meansi Krysko, Nuñez, Newman & Bowen 2017 |
Distribution:
USA
(Florida,
Georgia).
|
|
|
Lampropeltis mexicana
|
San Luis Potosí Kingsnake
|
|
San-Luis-Potosí-Königsnatter, (Mexikanische Königsnatter)
|
|
San Luis Potosí-kongesnog, (Mexicansk Kongesnog)
|
|
1883 | |
Ophibolus triangulus mexicanus Garman |
|
| |
Coronella mexicana Günther 1893 |
|
| |
Lampropeltis mexicana Blanchard 1920 |
|
1897 | |
Oreophis boulengeri Dugès (Smith & Taylor 1945) |
Remarks:
Previously included greeri and leonis.
First confirmed record from Hidalgo was by Hansen, Fernández-Badillo, Ramírez-Bautista & Avalos-Torales (2016), athough previously reported from the state, but in
error (e.g., Ramírez-Bautista, Hernández-Salinas, Mendoza-Quijano, Cruz-Elizalde, Stephenson, Vite-Silva & Leyte-Manrique 2010;
Ramírez-Bautista, Hernándes-Salinas, Cruz-Elizalde, Berriozabal-Islas, Lara-Tufiño, Mayer-Goyenechea & Castillo-Cerón 2014).
Not listed for Mexico State by Lemos-Espinal & Smith (2020).
Distribution:
Mexico
(Aguascalientes,
Guanajuato,
Hidalgo,
Jalisco,
Mexico State,
San Luis Potosi).
|
|
|
Lampropeltis micropholis
|
Southern Milk Snake
|
|
Südliche Milchnatter
|
|
Sydlig Mælkesnog
|
|
1861 | |
Lampropeltis micropholis Cope |
|
| |
Coronella micropholis Werner 1903 |
|
| |
Lampropeltis triangulum micropholis Dunn 1937 |
|
1937 | |
Lampropeltis triangulum gaigae [sic] Dunn (Ruane, Bryson, Pyron & Burbrink 2014) |
|
| |
Lampropeltis doliata gaigeae Taylor 1951 |
|
1978 | |
Lampropeltis triangulum andesiana Williams (Ruane, Bryson, Pyron & Burbrink 2014) |
|
| |
Lampropeltis andesiana Mumaw, González & Fernández 2015 |
Other common names:
andesiana: Andean Milk Snake
gaigeae: Black Milk Snake
micropholis: Ecuadorian Milk Snake
Remarks:
Previously regarded as a subspecies of triangulum.
Revalidated as a separate species by Ruane, Bryson, Pyron & Burbrink (2014).
Mumaw, González & Fernández (2015) regarded andesiana as a separate species.
Records of micropholis (s.s.) from Venezuela (e.g., Aleman 1952; Roze 1966; Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970; Lancini 1979; Lancini & Kornacker 1986) refer to
andesiana (Barrio-Amoros & Navarrete 1999), whether recognized as a separate species or not.
Chambers & Hillis (2020) did not support the taxonomic conclusions by Ruane, Bryson, Pyron & Burbrink (2014) and considered micropholis a synonym of polyzona.
Distribution:
Colombia,
Costa Rica,
Ecuador,
Panama,
Venezuela.
|
|
|
Lampropeltis multifasciata
|
Coastal Mountain Kingsnake
|
|
Südkalifornische Korallen-Königsnatter
|
|
Sydcalifornisk Bjergkongesnog
|
|
1886 | |
Coronella multifasciata Bocourt |
|
| |
Lampropeltis multicincta multifasciata Klauber 1943 |
|
| |
Lampropeltis zonata multifasciata Stebbins 1985 |
|
| |
Lampropeltis multifasciata Collins 1991 |
|
1923 | |
Lampropeltis agalma Van Denburgh & Slevin |
|
| |
Lampropeltis multicincta agalma Klauber 1943 |
|
| |
Lampropeltis zonata agalma Klauber 1943 |
|
1952 | |
Lampropeltis zonata parvirubra Zweifel |
|
| |
Lampropeltis parvirubra Collins 1991 |
|
1952 | |
Lampropeltis zonata pulchra Zweifel |
|
| |
Lampropeltis pulchra Collins 1991 |
Other common names:
agalma: Baja California Mountain Kingsnake, San Pedro Mountain Kingsnake
multifasciata: Coastal Mountain Kingsnake
parvirubra: San Bernardino Mountain Kingsnake
pulchra: San Diego Mountain Kingsnake
Remarks:
Previously regarded as a subspecies of zonata.
Collins (1991) suggested recognition of multifasciata, parvirubra, and pulchra as separate species.
See further remarks under zonata.
Distribution:
Mexico
(Baja California Norte),
USA
(California).
|
|
|
Lampropeltis nigra
|
Eastern Black Kingsnake
|
|
Schwarze Kettennatter
|
|
Østlig Sort Kongesnog
|
|
1882 | |
Ophibolus getulus niger Yarrow |
|
| |
Lampropeltis getulus niger Blanchard 1921 |
|
| |
Lampropeltis nigra Pyron & Burbrink 2009 |
Remarks:
Previously regarded as a subspecies of getula. Revalidated by Pyron & Burbrink (2009).
Distribution:
USA
(Alabama,
Arkansas,
Georgia,
Illinois,
Indiana,
Kentucky,
Mississippi,
Missouri,
Ohio,
Tennessee,
Virginia,
West Virginia).
|
|
|
Lampropeltis nigrita
|
Mexican Black Kingsnake, Black Desert Kingsnake, Western Black Kingsnake
|
|
Mexicanische Schwarze Königsnatter
|
|
Mexicansk Sort Kongesnog
|
|
1955 | |
Lampropeltis getulus nigritus Zweifel & Norris |
|
| |
Lampropeltis nigrita Krysko, Nuñez, Newman & Bowen 2017 |
Remarks:
Formerly regarded as a subspecies of getula (e.g., Zweifel & Norris 1955) or, more recently, as a synonym of californiae (e.g., Pyron & Burbrink 2009).
Raised to species status by Krysko, Nuñez, Newman & Bowen (2017).
Distribution:
Mexico
(Sinaloa,
Sonora
[incl.
Isla San Esteban,
Isla San Pedro Nolasco]),
USA
(Arizona).
|
|
|
Lampropeltis occipitolineata
|
South Florida Mole Snake
|
|
Amerikanische Maulwurfsnatter
|
|
Amerikansk Muldvarpesnog
|
|
1987 | |
Lampropeltis calligaster occipitolineata Price |
|
| |
Lampropeltis occipitolineata Collins 1991 |
Remarks:
Previously regarded as a subspecies of calligaster (e.g., Conant & Collins 1998). Status as a separate species was suggested by Collins (1991) and
confirmed by McKelvy & Burbrink (2017).
Distribution:
USA
(Florida).
|
|
|
Lampropeltis polyzona
|
Central Mexican Milk Snake
|
|
Zentralmexicanische Milchnatter
|
|
Centralmexicansk Mælkesnog
|
|
1861 | |
Lampropeltis polyzona Cope |
|
| |
Lampropeltis triangulum polyzona Dunn 1937 |
|
1903 | |
Coronella micropholis arcifera Werner (Ruane, Bryson, Pyron & Burbrink 2014) |
|
| |
Lampropeltis triangulum arcifera Smith 1942 |
|
1920 | |
Lampropeltis triangulum nelsoni Blanchard (Ruane, Bryson, Pyron & Burbrink 2014) |
|
1935 | |
Lampropeltis triangulum schmidti Stuart |
|
| |
Lampropeltis triangulum schmidti Echegoyen 2009 |
|
1983 | |
Lampropeltis triangulum campbelli Quinn (Ruane, Bryson, Pyron & Burbrink 2014) |
|
1978 | |
Lampropeltis triangulum conanti Williams [part] (Ruane, Bryson, Pyron & Burbrink 2014) |
|
1978 | |
Lampropeltis triangulum sinaloae Williams (Ruane, Bryson, Pyron & Burbrink 2014) |
|
1978 | |
Lampropeltis triangulum smithi Williams (Ruane, Bryson, Pyron & Burbrink 2014) |
Other common names:
arcifera: Jalisco Milk Snake
campbelli: Pueblan Milk Snake
conanti: Conant's Milk Snake
nelsoni: Nelson's Milk Snake
polyzona: Atlantic Central American Milk Snake, Veracruz Milk Snake
sinaloae: Sinaloan Milk Snake
smithi: Smith's Milk Snake
Remarks:
Previously regarded as a subspecies of triangulum. Revalidated as a separate species by Ruane, Bryson, Pyron & Burbrink (2014), although Davis & Dixon (1957) had already suggested that polyzona should be elevated to specific rank. Some earlier records of polyzona refer to abnorma (Ruane, Bryson, Pyron & Burbrink 2014).
Introduced to:
South Africa
(Gauteng),
USA
(Florida).
Distribution:
Mexico
(Aguascalientes,
Chihuahua,
Colima,
Distrito Federal,
Guanajuato,
Guerrero,
Hidalgo,
Jalisco,
Mexico State,
Michoacan,
Morelos,
Nayarit
[incl.
Islas Marias
(Maria Madre)],
Oaxaca,
Puebla,
Queretaro,
San Luis Potosi,
Sinaloa,
Sonora,
Tabasco,
Veracruz,
Zacatecas).
|
Lampropeltis polyzona
© Rune Midtgaard
|
|
Lampropeltis pyromelana
|
Sonoran Mountain Kingsnake, Pyro Mountain Kingsnake
|
|
Sonora-Königsnatter, Arizona-Königsnatter
|
|
Sonora-bjergkongesnog, Koralkongesnog
|
|
1886 | |
Ophibolus pyromelanus Cope |
|
| |
Lampropeltis pyromelana Stejneger 1902 |
|
1953 | |
Lampropeltis pyromelana infralabialis Tanner |
|
| |
Lampropeltis infralabialis Collins 1991 |
|
1953 | |
Lampropeltis pyromelana woodini Tanner |
Other common names:
infralabialis: Utah Mountain Kingsnake
pyromelana: Arizona Mountain Kingsnake
woodini: Huachuca Mountain Kingsnake
Remarks:
Previously included knoblochi to which species records from Mexico refer (Hammerson & Mendoza-Quijano 2019).
Collins (1991) suggested recognition of infralabialis as a separate species.
Distribution:
USA
(Arizona,
Nevada,
New Mexico,
Utah).
|
Lampropeltis pyromelana
© Rune Midtgaard
|
|
Lampropeltis rhombomaculata
|
Brown King Snake, (Mole King Snake, Mole Snake)
|
|
Braune Königsnatter
|
|
Brun Kongesnog
|
|
1840 | |
Coluber rhombomaculatus Holbrook |
|
| |
Coronella rhombo-maculata Holbrook 1842 |
|
| |
Ophiobolus rhombomaculatus Baird & Girard 1853 |
|
| |
Lampropeltis rhombomaculata Cope 1860 |
|
| |
Ophiobolus triangulus rhombomaculatus Garman 1883 |
|
| |
Lampropeltis calligaster rhombomaculata Cook 1945 |
Remarks:
Previously regarded as a subspecies of calligaster (e.g., Conant & Collins 1998). Revalidated as a separate species by McKelvy & Burbrink (2017).
Distribution:
USA
(Alabama,
Florida,
Georgia,
Louisiana,
Maryland,
Mississippi,
South Carolina,
Tennessee,
Virginia,
Washington, D.C.).
|
|
|
Lampropeltis ruthveni
|
Michoacan King Snake, (Ruthven's Kingsnake)
|
|
Queretaro-Königsnatter
|
|
Michoacan-kongesnog
|
|
1920 | |
Lampropeltis ruthveni Blanchard |
Distribution:
Mexico
(Guanajuato,
Hidalgo,
Jalisco,
Michoacan,
Queretaro).
|
|
|
Lampropeltis splendida
|
Desert Kingsnake
|
|
Wüsten-Königsnatter
|
|
Ørkenkongesnog
|
|
1853 | |
Ophibolus splendidus Baird & Girard |
|
| |
Lampropeltis getulus splendidus Wright & Bishop 1915 |
|
| |
Lampropeltis splendida Pyron & Burbrink 2009 |
Remarks:
Revalidated as a separate species by Pyron & Burbrink (2009).
Distribution:
Mexico
(Chihuahua,
Coahuila,
Durango,
Nuevo Leon,
San Luis Potosi,
Sonora,
Tamaulipas,
Zacatecas),
USA
(Arizona,
Colorado,
New Mexico,
Oklahoma,
Texas).
|
Lampropeltis splendida
© Rune Midtgaard
|
|
Lampropeltis triangulum
|
Eastern Milk Snake
|
|
Östliche Milchnatter, Milchschlange, Dreiecksnatter, Rote Königsnatter
|
|
Østlig Mælkesnog
|
|
1789 | |
Coluber triangulum Lacepede |
|
| |
Lampropeltis doliata triangulum Klauber 1948 |
|
1827 | |
Coluber eximius DeKay in Harlan (McCoy 1972) |
|
1853 | |
Ophibolus clericus Baird & Girard (Schmidt 1953) |
|
1861 | |
Lampropeltis amaura Cope [part] (Ruane, Bryson, Pyron & Burbrink 2014) |
|
| |
Lampropeltis doliata amaura Schmidt 1953 |
|
| |
Lampropeltis triangulum amaura Stejneger & Barbour 1917 |
|
1888 | |
Ophibolus doliatus collaris Cope (Schmidt 1953) |
|
1888 | |
Ophibolus doliatus occipitalis Cope (Schmidt 1953) |
|
1888 | |
Ophibolus doliatus parallelus Cope (Schmidt 1953) |
|
1888 | |
Ophibolus doliatus syspilus Cope (Ruane, Bryson, Pyron & Burbrink 2014) |
|
| |
Lampropeltis doliatus syspila Klauber 1948 |
|
| |
Lampropeltis triangulum syspila Ruthven 1919 |
Other common names:
amaura: Louisiana Milk Snake
syspila: Red Milk Snake
Remarks:
Now restricted to eastern Canada and USA.
Previously included abnorma, annulata, elapsoides, gentilis, micropholis, and polyzona.
Records of triangulum syspila from Nebraska, Kansas, and Oklahoma refer to gentilis (Ruane, Bryson, Pyron & Burbrink 2014).
Often referred to as doliata in older literature, a name now considered a synonym of
Cemophora coccinea.
Distribution:
Canada
(Ontario,
Quebec),
USA
(Alabama,
Arkansas,
Connecticut,
Delaware,
Georgia,
Illinois,
Indiana,
Iowa,
Kentucky,
Louisiana,
Maine,
Maryland,
Massachusetts,
Michigan,
Minnesota,
Mississippi,
Missouri,
New Hampshire,
New Jersey,
New York
[incl.
Long Island],
North Carolina,
Ohio,
Oklahoma,
Pennsylvania,
Rhode Island,
South Dakota,
Tennessee,
Texas,
Vermont,
Virginia,
Washington, D.C.,
West Virginia,
Wisconsin).
|
|
|
Lampropeltis webbi
|
Sinaloan Mountain King Snake
|
|
Sinaloa-Gebirgskönigsnatter
|
|
Sinaloa-bjergkongesnog
|
|
2005 | |
Lampropeltis webbi Bryson, Dixon & Lazcano |
Remarks:
Mentioned to occur in Nayarit by Heimes (2016), but no published records seem to confirm this.
Distribution:
Mexico
(Durango,
Sinaloa).
|
|
|
Lampropeltis zonata
|
California Mountain Kingsnake
|
|
Nordkalifornische Korallen-Königsnatter
|
|
Nordcalifornisk Bjergkongesnog, (Californisk Bjergkongesnog)
|
|
1877 | |
Bellophis zonatus Lockington |
|
| |
Bellophis zonatus Lockington 1876 |
|
| |
Lampropeltis zonata Van Denburgh 1897 |
|
1882 | |
Ophibolus getulus multicinctus Yarrow |
|
| |
Lampropeltis multicincta Johnson 1942 |
|
| |
Lampropeltis zonata multicincta Klauber 1943 |
Other common names:
multicincta: Sierra Mountain Kingsnake
zonata: St. Helena Mountain Kingsnake
Remarks:
Previously included multifasciata (incl. agalma, parvirubra, and pulchra).
Rodriguez-Robles, DeNardo & Staub (1999) found the pattern variation in zonata (incl. multifasciata) too variable to differentiate subspecies,
however, their molecular data suggested two different clades (a northern and a southern) that they left unnamed.
The two clades (zonata and multifasciata) are regarded as separate species herein, following recent publications (e.g., Crother (ed.) 2017).
Distribution:
USA
(California,
Oregon,
Washington).
|
|
|