Home - Taxonomy - Geography - Biodiversity - Literature - Purchase RepFocus Recent updates Citation: Midtgaard, Rune. RepFocus - A Survey of the Reptiles of the World. (www.repfocus.dk). Latest update: April 1st, 2024. Taxonomy of the family Scincidae Bibliography of the genus Trachylepis Biodiversity of the family Scincidae Genus Trachylepis African-American Grass and Forest Skinks, (Rainbow Skinks, Typical Skinks) Afrikanisch-Amerikanische Gras- und Waldskinke Afrikansk-Amerikanske Græs- og Skovskinker 1843 Trachylepis Fitzinger (type species: Euprepes savignyi Peters 1854) 1843 Oxytropis Fitzinger (type species: Euprepes merremii Dumeril & Bibron 1839; syn. Loveridge 1957) 1846 Xystrolepis Tschudi (type species: Trachylepis punctata Tschudi 1845; syn. Miralles, Chaparro & Harvey 2009) 1892 Monophyaspis Cope (type species: Gongylus gravenhorstii Dumeril & Bibron 1839; syn. Shea 2021) 1925 Mabuiopsis Angel (type species: Mabuia jeanneli Angel 1923; syn. Loveridge 1957) 1965 Oelofsia Steyn & Mitchell (type species: Mabuia laevis Boulenger 1907; syn. Mertens 1971) Contents: 100 species, of which 48 (48.0%) are endemic. Endemism: 0% 100% Remarks: Previously included the species now assigned to Heremites. Formerly regarded as a synonym of Mabuya (e.g., Smith 1935; Loveridge 1957). Revalidated by Mausfeld, Schmitz, Böhme, Misof, Vrcibradic & Rocha (2002) as Euprepis, but Bauer (2003) later showed that the valid name for this genus is Trachylepis. Distribution: Africa, Madagascar, W. Indian Ocean, Middle East, C. Asia, Fernando do Noronha [Brazil]. Reported from: Algeria, Angola (incl. Cabinda), Benin, Botswana, Brazil (Pernambuco: Fernando do Noronha), Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, Comoro Islands (Anjouan, Grande Comoro, Moheli), Congo-Brazzaville, Congo-Kinshasa, Djibouti, Egypt (incl. Sinai), Equatorial Guinea (Annobon, Bioko, Rio Muni), Eritrea, Eswatini, Ethiopia, Europa Island, Gabon, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau (incl. Bijagos Archipelago), Ivory Coast, Kenya, Lesotho, Liberia, Madagascar (incl. Nosy Be), Malawi, Mali, Mauritania, Mayotte, Mozambique (incl. Bazaruto Archipelago [incl. Benguerua, Santa Carolina], Casuarina Island), Namibia, Niger, Nigeria, Oman, Rwanda, São Tomé & Príncipe (Príncipe, Rolas Island, São Tomé, Tinhosa Grande Islet), Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Seychelles (incl. Praslin), Sierra Leone, Somalia, South Africa (Eastern Cape, Free State, Gauteng, KwaZulu-Natal, Limpopo, Mpumalanga, North West Province, Northern Cape, Western Cape), South Sudan, Sudan, Tanzania (incl. Mafia, Pemba, Zanzibar), Togo, Uganda, United Arab Emirates, Yemen (incl. Socotra Archipelago [Abd al Kuri, Darsa, Samha, Socotra]), Zambia, Zimbabwe. Trachylepis acutilabris Wedge-snouted Skink Keilschnauzen-Skink Kilesnudet Skink 1862 Euprepes acutilabris Peters Mabuia acutilabris Boulenger 1887 Euprepis acutilabris Mausfeld, Schmitz, Böhme, Misof, Vrcibradic & Rocha 2002 [by implication] Trachylepis acutilabris Bauer 2003 [by implication] Remarks: An old record from Little Namaqualand (Northern Cape, South Africa) needs confirmation (Branch 1998). Records from Angola refer to suzanae or wilsoni (Ceríaco, Marques, Parrinha, Tiutenko, Weinell, Butler & Bauer 2024). Distribution: Congo-Kinshasa, Namibia. Trachylepis adamastor Príncipe Forest Skink, Príncipe Skink Príncipe-Waldskink Príncipe-skovskink 2015 Trachylepis adamastor Ceriaco 2016 Trachylepis principensis Ceríaco, Marques & Bauer (syn. Ceríaco, Bernstein, Sousa, Marques, Bauer & Norder 2020) Remarks: Previously regarded as a population of maculilabris (Ceríaco, Marques & Bauer 2016). Distribution: São Tomé & Príncipe (Príncipe, Tinhosa Grande Islet). Trachylepis affinis Lesser Brown-flanked Skink, Little Brown-flanked Skink, Striped Forest Skink, (Brown Skink, Senegal Skink) Kleiner Braunseitiger Skink Lille Brunsidet Skink 1839 Tiliqua affinis Gray Mabuia affinis Boulenger 1887 Euprepis affinis Mausfeld, Schmitz, Böhme, Misof, Vrcibradic & Rocha 2002 [by implication] Euprepis affinis Mausfeld-Lafdhiya, Schmitz, Ineich & Chirio 2004 Trachylepis affinis Bauer 2003 [by implication] 1844 Euprepes blandingi Hallowell (Hoogmoed 1974) 1845 Euprepes raddoni Gray (Hoogmoed 1974) 1864 Euprepes aeneofuscus Peters (Hoogmoed 1974) Introduced to: São Tomé & Príncipe (Príncipe). Distribution: Benin, Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Congo-Brazzaville, Equatorial Guinea (Bioko, Corisco Island, Rio Muni), Gabon, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau (incl. Bijagos Archipelago), Ivory Coast, Liberia, Mali, Niger, Nigeria, Senegal, Sierra Leone, South Sudan, Togo. Trachylepis albilabris African White-lipped Forest Skink, Guinea Skink Afrikanischer Weißlippen-Waldskink Afrikansk Hvidlæbet Skovskink 1857 Euprepes albilabris Hallowell Mabuia albilabris Boulenger 1905 Euprepis albilabris Mausfeld, Schmitz, Böhme, Misof, Vrcibradic & Rocha 2002 [by implication] Trachylepis albilabris Bauer 2003 [by implication] Remarks: Previously included aureogularis. Records from West Africa refer to aureogularis (Trape, Trape & Chirio 2012). Distribution: Angola, Cameroon, Congo-Brazzaville, Congo-Kinshasa, Equatorial Guinea (Rio Muni), Gabon, Uganda. Trachylepis albopunctata White-spotted Savanna Skink, Angolan Variable Skink Weißflecken-Savannenskink Hvidplettet Savanneskink 1867 Euprepes olivieri var. albopunctatus Bocage Trachylepis albopunctatus Weinell & Bauer 2018 Remarks: Previously regarded as a synonym of varia (e.g., Loveridge 1957). Marques, Ceríaco, Blackburn & Bauer (2018) referred to Angolan specimens as "T. cf. albopunctata", but at the same time stressed the need for further studies. The species is provisionally considered valid herein, following Weinell & Bauer (2018). The exact eastern boundaries of the distribution is unclear (Marques, Ceríaco, Blackburn & Bauer 2018). Distribution: Angola, Zambia. Trachylepis albotaeniata Pemba Speckled-lipped Skink Lippenfleckiger Pemba-skink Pemba-pletlæbeskink 1913 Mabuia albotaeniata Boettger Mabuya albotaeniata Pakenham 1947 Mabuya maculilabris albotaeniata Loveridge 1957 Euprepis albotaeniatus Mausfeld, Schmitz, Böhme, Misof, Vrcibradic & Rocha 2002 [by implication] Trachylepis albotaeniata Bauer 2003 [by implication] Remarks: Previously included in maculilabris (e.g., Barbour & Loveridge 1928). Elevated to full species status by Broadley (2000), although already Pakenham (1947) regarded it as a separate species. Distribution: Tanzania (Pemba). Trachylepis ansorgii Caconda Skink, (Ansorge's Skink) Caconda-Felsenskink Caconda-skink 1907 Mabuia ansorgii Boulenger Mabuya sulcata ansorgei [lapsus] Laurent 1964 Trachylepis ansorgii Ceríaco, Marques, Parrinha, Tiutenko, Weinell, Butler & Bauer 2024 Remarks: Previously regarded as a subspecies of sulcata. Revalidated as a separate species by Ceríaco, Marques, Parrinha, Tiutenko, Weinell, Butler & Bauer (2024). Distribution: Angola. Trachylepis atlantica Fernando do Noronha Skink Fernando-do-Noronha-Skink Fernando do Noronha-skink 1839 Tiliqua punctata Gray [not Lacerta punctata Linnaeus 1758] Mabuya punctata Travassos 1946 1874 Mabouya punctatissima O'Shaughnessy [not Euprepes punctatissimus Smith 1849] 1945 Mabuya atlantica Schmidt [substitute name for Tiliqua punctata Gray 1839] Euprepis atlanticus Mausfeld, Schmitz, Böhme, Misof, Vrcibradic & Rocha 2002 Trachylepis atlantica Bauer 2003 [by implication] Remarks: Nomenclature of this species has been confused (see Mausfeld & Vrcibradic 2002 for details). It has been referred to as Mabuya punctata (e.g., Boulenger 1887; Dunn 1935; Travassos 1946) and M. maculata (e.g., Andersson 1900; Travassos 1948; Peters & Donoso-Barros 1970), however, the former name is preoccupied and thus unavailable, the latter represents a species of uncertain type locality, which is distinct from atlantica. Distribution: Brazil (Pernambuco: Fernando do Noronha). Trachylepis attenboroughi Bicuar Skink, (Attenborough's Skink) Bicuar-Skink Bicuar-skink 2024 Trachylepis attenboroughi Ceríaco, Marques, Parrinha, Tiutenko, Weinell, Butler & Bauer Remarks: Previously regarded as a population of spilogaster (Ceríaco, Marques, Parrinha, Tiutenko, Weinell, Butler & Bauer 2024). Distribution: Angola, Namibia. Trachylepis aureogularis Orange-throated Skink Goldkehliger Skink Guldstrubet Skink 1885 Euprepes aureogularis Müller Trachylepis aureogularis Trape, Trape & Chirio 2012 Remarks: Previously regarded as a synonym of albilabris (e.g., Hoogmoed 1974). Regarded as a separate species by Trape, Trape & Chirio (2012). Validity supported by Weinell, Branch, Colston, Jackman, Kuhn, Conradie & Bauer (2019). Distribution: Congo-Kinshasa, Ghana, Guinea, Ivory Coast, Togo. Trachylepis aureopunctata Madagascar Golden-spotted Skink Madagassischer Goldenfleckiger Skink Madagassisk Gyldenplettet Skink 1867 Euprepes aureo-punctatus Grandidier Mabuia aureopunctata Boulenger 1887 Euprepis aureopunctatus Mausfeld, Schmitz, Böhme, Misof, Vrcibradic & Rocha 2002 [by implication] Trachylepis aureopunctata Bauer 2003 [by implication] Distribution: Madagascar. Trachylepis bayonii Angolan Mountain Grass Skink, Equatorial Mountain Grass Skink, (Bayão's Skink, Bayon's Skink) Angolischer Gebirgs-Grasskink, Äkvatorialer Gebirgs-Grasskink Angolansk Bjerggræsskink, Ækvatorial Bjerggræsskink 1872 Euprepes bayonii Bocage Mabuia bayonii Boulenger 1887 Euprepis bayonii Mausfeld, Schmitz, Böhme, Misof, Vrcibradic & Rocha 2002 [by implication] Trachylepis bayonii Bauer 2003 [by implication] Remarks: Now restricted to Angola (Ceríaco, Marques, Parrinha, Tiutenko, Weinell, Butler & Bauer 2024). Previously included huilensis and keniensis. Based on unpublished data, Butler, Ceríaco, Marques, Bandeira, Júlio, Heinicke & Bauer (2019) regarded huilensis as a separate species. Validity confirmed by Ceríaco, Marques, Parrinha, Tiutenko, Weinell, Butler & Bauer (2024). Distribution: Angola. Trachylepis bensonii Liberian Forest Skink, (Benson's Skink) Liberianischer Waldskink Liberiansk Skovskink 1867 Euprepes bensonii Peters Mabuya bensonii Greer, Arnold & Arnold 2000 Euprepis bensoni Mausfeld, Schmitz, Böhme, Misof, Vrcibradic & Rocha 2002 [by implication] Trachylepis bensonii Bauer 2003 [by implication] Distribution: Guinea, Liberia. Trachylepis betsileana Betsileo Skink Bestsileo-Skink Bestsileo-skink 1906 Mabuia betsileana Mocquard Euprepis betsileana Mausfeld, Schmitz, Böhme, Misof, Vrcibradic & Rocha 2002 [by implication] Trachylepis betsileana Bauer 2003 [by implication] Remarks: Only known from the type specimen. Presence in Madagascar needs confirmation (Brygoo 1984; Glaw & Vences 1994). Distribution: Madagascar. Trachylepis binotata Ovambo Tree Skink, Giant Tree Skink, (Mopane Skink) Ovambo-Baumskink Ovambo-træskink 1867 Euprepes binotatus Bocage Mabuia quinquetaeniata binotata Sternfeld 1917 Mabuya striata binotata Hewitt 1935 Mabuya binotata Parker 1936 Euprepis binotatus Mausfeld, Schmitz, Böhme, Misof, Vrcibradic & Rocha 2002 [by implication] Trachylepis binotata Bauer 2003 [by implication] Distribution: Angola, Namibia. Trachylepis bocagii African Three-striped Skink, (Bocage's Skink) Afrikanischer Dreistreifen-Skink Afrikansk Trestribet Skink 1887 Mabuia bocagii Boulenger Euprepis bocagii Mausfeld, Schmitz, Böhme, Misof, Vrcibradic & Rocha 2002 [by implication] Trachylepis bocagii Bauer 2003 [by implication] Remarks: Previously included mlanjensis. Distribution: Angola. Trachylepis boehmei Amhara Skink, Ankober Skink, (Böhme's Grass Skink) Amhara-Skink Amharaskink 2020 Trachylepis boehmei Koppetsch Distribution: Ethiopia. Trachylepis boettgeri Eastern Madagascar Highland Skink Ostmadagassischer Hochlandskink Østmadagassisk Højlandsskink 1887 Mabuia boettgeri Boulenger Euprepis boettgeri Mausfeld, Schmitz, Böhme, Misof, Vrcibradic & Rocha 2002 [by implication] Trachylepis boettgeri Bauer 2003 [by implication] Distribution: Madagascar. Trachylepis boulengeri Lindi Speckled-lipped Skink, Makonde Spotted-lip Skink, (Boulenger's Skink) Lippenfleckiger Lindi-skink Lindi-pletlæbeskink 1911 Mabuia boulengeri Sternfeld Mabuya maculilabris boulengeri Loveridge 1942 Euprepis boulengeri Mausfeld, Schmitz, Böhme, Misof, Vrcibradic & Rocha 2002 [by implication] Trachylepis boulengeri Bauer 2003 [by implication] Remarks: Previously regarded as a synonym of maculilabris (e.g., Barbour & Loveridge 1928) or a subspecies of same (e.g., Loveridge 1942). Elevated to full species status by Broadley (1974). Distribution: Malawi, Mozambique, Tanzania, Zimbabwe. Trachylepis bouri Caraculo Skink, (Bour's Skink) Caraculo-Skink Caraculo-skink 2024 Trachylepis bouri Ceríaco, Marques, Parrinha, Tiutenko, Weinell, Butler & Bauer Distribution: Angola. Trachylepis brauni Ukinga Mountain Skink, Montane Three-striped Skink Ukinga-Gebirgsskink Ukinga-bjergskink 1902 Mabuia brauni Tornier Mabuya varia brauni Loveridge 1957 Euprepis brauni Mausfeld, Schmitz, Böhme, Misof, Vrcibradic & Rocha 2002 [by implication] Trachylepis brauni Bauer 2003 [by implication] 1953 Mabuia hildae Loveridge (Meerman 1984) Mabuya brauni hildae Broadley 1977 Distribution: Malawi, Tanzania. Trachylepis brevicollis Short-necked Skink, Ethiopian Skink, (Sudan Mabuya) Äthiopischer Kurzhals-Skink Etiopisk Korthalset Skink 1837 Euprepis brevicollis Wiegmann Mabuia brevicollis Anderson 1896 Mabuya brevicollis Loveridge 1936 Trachylepis brevicollis Bauer 2003 [by implication] 1837 Euprepis pyrrhocephalus Wiegmann (Arnold 1986) 1856 Tiliqua burtoni Blyth (Lanza 1990) 1893 Mabuya chanleri Stejneger (Lanza 1990) 1893 Mabuya pulchra Matschie (Arnold 1986) 1905 Mabuia rothschildi Mocquard (Lanza 1990) 1915 Mabuia somalica Calabresi (Lanza 1990) Remarks: Previously confused with dichroma (see remarks under that species). On the basis of Arnold (1986) and Schätti & Gasperetti (1994), Arabian records of somalica (Lanza 1983) are referred to brevicollis. Distribution: Djibouti, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Kenya, Oman, Saudi Arabia, Somalia, South Sudan, Sudan, Tanzania, Uganda, Yemen. Trachylepis buettneri Togo Savanna Skink, (Buettner's Savanna Skink, Buettner's Skink) Togoanischer Savanneskink Togoansk Savanneskink 1893 Mabuia büttneri Matschie Euprepis buettneri Mausfeld, Schmitz, Böhme, Misof, Vrcibradic & Rocha 2002 [by implication] Trachylepis buettneri Bauer 2003 [by implication] 1919 Mabuya sudanensis Schmidt (Hoogmoed 1974) Distribution: Cameroon, Central African Republic, Congo-Kinshasa, Ghana, Ivory Coast, Togo. Trachylepis capensis Cape Skink, Cape Three-striped Skink, (Three-lined Skink) Kap-Skink Kapskink 1830 Tiliqua capensis Gray Mabuya capensis Hewitt 1937 Euprepis capensis Mausfeld, Schmitz, Böhme, Misof, Vrcibradic & Rocha 2002 [by implication] Trachylepis capensis Bauer 2003 [by implication] 1829 Scincus trivittatus Cuvier [not Hardwicke & Gray 1827] (Broadley 2000) 1838 Tiliqua ascensionis Gray (Fitzsimons 1943) 1839 Euprepes merremii Duméril & Bibron (Fitzsimons 1943) Distribution: Botswana, Eswatini, Lesotho, Mozambique, Namibia, South Africa (Eastern Cape, Free State, Gauteng, KwaZulu-Natal, Limpopo, Mpumalanga, North West Province, Northern Cape, Western Cape), Zambia, Zimbabwe. Trachylepis casuarinae Casuarina Island Skink Casuarina-Skink Casuarina-skink 1974 Mabuya maculilabris casuarinae Broadley Mabuya casuarinae Broadley 2000 Euprepis casuarinae Mausfeld, Schmitz, Böhme, Misof, Vrcibradic & Rocha 2002 [by implication] Trachylepis casuarinae Bauer 2003 [by implication] Remarks: Mausfeld-Lafdhiya, Schmitz, Ineich & Chirio (2004) questioned the validity of casuarinae, but without making taxonomic conclusions. Distribution: Mozambique (Casuarina Island). Trachylepis chimbana Chimba Skink Chimba-Skink Chimba-skink 1887 Mabuia chimbana Boulenger Mabuya striata chimbana Laurent 1964 Mabuya chimbana Branch 1988 Euprepis chimbana Mausfeld, Schmitz, Böhme, Misof, Vrcibradic & Rocha 2002 [by implication] Trachylepis chimbana Bauer 2003 [by implication] 1872 Euprepes affinis Bocage [not Tiliqua affinis Gray 1839] (Broadley 1975) Distribution: Angola. Trachylepis comorensis Comoro Speckled-lipped Skink Lippenfleckiger Komoren-Skink Comorisk Pletlæbeskink 1854 Euprepes comorensis Peters Mabuya comorensis Boulenger 1887 Mabuya maculilabris comorensis Loveridge 1942 Euprepis comorensis Mausfeld, Schmitz, Böhme, Misof, Vrcibradic & Rocha 2002 [by implication] Trachylepis comorensis Bauer 2003 [by implication] 1882 Euprepes angasijanus Peters (Brygoo 1981) Remarks: Revalidated as a separate såecies by Brygoo (1981). Previously confused with maculilabris. Older litterature records from the African mainland (e.g., Barbour & Loveridge 1928; Loveridge 1929, 1933, 1936, 1942, 1953, 1957) refer to maculilabris. Records from Europa Island (off Mozambique) refer to infralineata, originally described as a subspecies and later considered a synonym of comorensis. Mausfeld-Lafdhiya, Schmitz, Ineich & Chirio (2004) questioned the validity of comorensis, but without making taxonomic conclusions. Distribution: Comoro Islands (Anjouan, Grande Comoro, Moheli), Madagascar, Mayotte. Trachylepis cristinae Abd al Kuri Rock Skink Abd-al-Kuri-Felsenskink Abd al Kuri-klippeskink 2012 Trachylepis cristinae Sindaco, Metallinou, Pupin, Fasola & Carranza Distribution: Yemen (Socotra Archipelago: Abd al Kuri). Trachylepis damarana Damara Variable Skink, Damaraland Skink, Kalahari Variable Skink Damara-Savannenskink Damara-savanneskink 1869 Euprepes damaranus Peters Mabuya varia damaranus Loveridge 1936 Mabuya damarana Fitzsimons 1943 Trachylepis damarana Weinell & Bauer 2018 Remarks: Previously regarded as a synonym of varia (e.g., Broadley 2000). Revalidated by Weinell & Bauer (2018). Distribution: Angola, Botswana, Mozambique, Namibia, South Africa (Limpopo, Mpumalanga, North West Province), Zambia, Zimbabwe. Trachylepis depressa Eastern Coastal Skink, Eastern Sand Skink Ostafrikanischer Küstenskink Østafrikansk Kystskink 1854 Euprepes depressus Peters Mabuya homalocephala depressa FitzSimons 1943 Mabuya depressa Broadley 2000 Euprepis depressus Mausfeld, Schmitz, Böhme, Misof, Vrcibradic & Rocha 2002 [by implication] Trachylepis depressa Bauer 2003 [by implication] Distribution: Mozambique (incl. Bazaruto Archipelago [incl. Benguerua]), South Africa (KwaZulu-Natal, Limpopo, Mpumalanga), Zimbabwe. Trachylepis dichroma Tanzanian Short-necked Skink, Bicoloured Skink, (Zebra Skink) Tansanianischer Kurzhals-Skink Tanzaniansk Korthalset Skink 2005 Trachylepis dichroma Guenther, Whiting & Bauer Remarks: Previously confused with brevicollis. The distribution is not yet clarified, since some older records of brevicollis refer to dichroma (Spawls, Howell, Hinkel & Menegon 2018). Recorded from Somalia, but presence in the country should be confirmed (Spawls, Mazuch & Mohammad 2023). Distribution: Ethiopia, Kenya, Somalia, Tanzania. Trachylepis dumasi Amboanemba Forest Skink Amboanemba-Waldskink Amboanemba-skovskink 1995 Mabuya dumasi Nussbaum & Raxworthy Euprepis dumasi Mausfeld, Schmitz, Böhme, Misof, Vrcibradic & Rocha 2002 [by implication] Trachylepis dumasi Bauer 2003 [by implication] Distribution: Madagascar. Trachylepis elegans Toliara White-spotted Skink Toliara-Skink Toliara-skink 1854 Euprepes elegans Peters Mabuia elegans Boulenger 1887 Mabuya elegans Barbour 1918 Euprepis elegans Mausfeld, Schmitz, Böhme, Misof, Vrcibradic & Rocha 2002 [by implication] Trachylepis elegans Bauer 2003 [by implication] 1872 Euprepes sakalava Grandidier (Brygoo 1984) Mabuia sakalava Mocquard 1909 1983 Mabuya elegans delphinensis Brygoo Distribution: Madagascar (incl. Nosy Be). Trachylepis ferrarai Southern Somali Savanna Skink, Webi Shebelle Skink Südsomalischer Savannenskink Sydsomalisk Savanneskink 1978 Mabuya ferrarai Lanza Euprepis ferrarai Mausfeld, Schmitz, Böhme, Misof, Vrcibradic & Rocha 2002 [by implication] Trachylepis ferrarai Bauer 2003 [by implication] Distribution: Somalia. Trachylepis gonwouoi Turquoise-bellied Skink, (Gonwouo's Skink) Türkisbauch-Skink Turkis-buget Skink 2017 Trachylepis gonwouoi Allen, Tapondjou, Welton & Bauer Distribution: Cameroon, Congo-Brazzaville. Trachylepis gravenhorstii Greater Madagascar Skink Grosser Madagascarskink Stor Madagascarskink 1839 Gongylus gravenhorstii Dumeril & Bibron Euprepes gravenhorstii Gravenhorst 1851 Mabuia gravenhorstii Boulenger 1887 Mabuya gravenhorstii Barbour 1918 Euprepis gravenhorstii Mausfeld, Schmitz, Böhme, Misof, Vrcibradic & Rocha 2002 [by implication] Trachylepis gravenhorstii Bauer 2003 [by implication] 1869 Euprepes bilineatus Grandidier (Angel 1942) 1881 Tiliqua bistriatus Gray [not Scincus bistriatus Spix 1825] (Brygoo 1984) Euprepis bistriatus Gray 1845 Euprepes bistriatus Peters 1880 Distribution: Madagascar (incl. Nosy Be). Trachylepis hemmingi Northern Somali Savanna Skink, (Hemming's Skink) Nordsomalischer Savannenskink Nordsomalisk Savanneskink 1965 Mabuya hemmingi Laurent & Gans Euprepis hemmingi Mausfeld, Schmitz, Böhme, Misof, Vrcibradic & Rocha 2002 [by implication] Trachylepis hemmingi Bauer 2003 [by implication] Distribution: Somalia. Trachylepis hilariae Tombwa Dunes Skink, (Hilária's Skink) Tombwa-Skink Tombwa-skink 2024 Trachylepis hilariae Ceríaco, Marques, Parrinha, Tiutenko, Weinell, Butler & Bauer Distribution: Angola. Trachylepis hildebrandtii Barawa Skink, (Hildebrandt's Skink) Barawa-Skink Barawa-skink 1874 Euprepes hildebrandtii Peters Mabuia hildebrandtii Boulenger 1896 Mabuya varia hildebrandtii Scortecci 1929 Mabuya hildebrandtii Parker 1942 Euprepis hildebrandtii Mausfeld, Schmitz, Böhme, Misof, Vrcibradic & Rocha 2002 [by implication] Trachylepis hildebrandtii Bauer 2003 [by implication] Remarks: Previously regarded as a synonym of varia (e.g., Waal 1978). Distribution: Ethiopia, Somalia. Trachylepis hoeschi Western Rock Skink, (Hoesch's Skink) Südwestafrikanischer Felsenskink Sydvestafrikansk Klippeskink 1954 Mabuya hoeschi Mertens Euprepis hoeschi Mausfeld, Schmitz, Böhme, Misof, Vrcibradic & Rocha 2002 [by implication] Trachylepis hoeschi Bauer 2003 [by implication] Distribution: Angola, Namibia. Trachylepis homalocephala Red-sided Skink, Speckled Skink Rotseitiger Skink Rødsidet Skink 1828 Scincus homalocephalus Wiegmann Euprepes homalocephalus Peters 1864 Mabuia homalocephala Boulenger 1887 Euprepis homalocephalus Mausfeld, Schmitz, Böhme, Misof, Vrcibradic & Rocha 2002 [by implication] Trachylepis homalocephala Bauer 2003 [by implication] 1838 ? Tiliqua subrufa Gray (Fitzsimons 1943) 1845 Euprepis smithii Gray (Fitzsimons 1956) Mabuya homalocephala smithii FitzSimons 1943 1888 Mabuia peringueyi Boulenger (Mertens 1955) Mabuya homalocephala peringueyi FitzSimons 1943 Trachylepis peringueyi Portik, Bauer & Jackman 2010 Remarks: Previously included depressa. Portik, Bauer & Jackman (2010) listed peringueyi as a separate species. Distribution: Lesotho, South Africa (Eastern Cape, Free State, KwaZulu-Natal, Limpopo, Mpumalanga, Northern Cape, Western Cape). Trachylepis huilensis Huíla Skink Huíla-Skink Huíla-skink 1964 Mabuya bayoni huilensis Laurent Trachylepis huilensis Butler, Ceríaco, Marques, Bandeira, Júlio, Heinicke & Bauer 2019 Distribution: Angola. Trachylepis infralineata Europa Island Skink Europa-Island-Skink Europa Island-skink 1913 Mabuia comorensis infralineata Boettger Mabuya infralineata Brygoo 1981 Euprepis infralineatus Mausfeld, Schmitz, Böhme, Misof, Vrcibradic & Rocha 2002 [by implication] Trachylepis infralineata Bauer 2003 [by implication] Remarks: Previously regarded as a synonym of comoroensis (e.g., Barbour & Loveridge 1928; Loveridge 1957). Distribution: Europa Island. Trachylepis irregularis Alpine Meadow Skink Afrikanischer Alpenskink Afrikansk Alpinskink 1922 Mabuia irregularis Lönnberg Euprepis irregularis Mausfeld, Schmitz, Böhme, Misof, Vrcibradic & Rocha 2002 [by implication] Trachylepis irregularis Bauer 2003 [by implication] 1923 Mabuia jeanneli Angel (Loveridge 1957) Distribution: Kenya, Uganda. Trachylepis isselii Eritrean Mountain Grass Skink, (Issel's Skink) Eritreischer Gebirgs-Grasskink Eritreisk Bjerg-græsskink 1871 Euprepes Isselii Peters Mabuya varia isselii Loveridge 1923 Mabuya isselii Largen 1997 Euprepis isselii Mausfeld, Schmitz, Böhme, Misof, Vrcibradic & Rocha 2002 [by implication] Trachylepis isselii Bauer 2003 [by implication] Remarks: Regarded variously as a subspecies or synonym of varia by some authors (e.g., Waal 1978, Lanza 1990), or as a separate species by others (e.g., Largen 1997; Largen & Spawls 2006). Weinell & Bauer (2018) retained isselii as part of varia, but suggested that it is probably a valid species. It is provisionally treated as such herein, due to its isolated distribution and morphological distinctiveness. Distribution: Eritrea, Ethiopia. Trachylepis keniensis Kenya Mountain Grass Skink, (Eastern Bayon's Skink) Kenianischer Gebirgs-Grasskink Kenyansk Bjerg-græsskink 1956 Mabuya bayonii keniensis Loveridge Trachylepis keniensis Ceríaco, Marques, Parrinha, Tiutenko, Weinell, Butler & Bauer 2024 Distribution: Kenya, Tanzania. Trachylepis keroanensis Kerouané Skink Kerouané-Skink Kerouané-skink 1921 Mabuia perroteti keroanensis Chabanaud Trachylepis keroanensis Böhme, Rödel, Brede & Wagner 2011 Distribution: Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Mali. Trachylepis lacertiformis Bronze Rock Skink, Lizard-like Skink Bronze-Felsenskink Bronze-klippeskink 1854 Euprepes lacertiformis Peters Mabuia lacertiformis Boulenger 1887 Euprepis lacertiformis Mausfeld, Schmitz, Böhme, Misof, Vrcibradic & Rocha 2002 [by implication] Trachylepis lacertiformis Bauer 2003 [by implication] 1960 Mabuya damarana rhodesiana Broadley (Broadley 1975) Distribution: Angola, Malawi, Mozambique, Zambia, Zimbabwe. Trachylepis laevigata Limpopo Variable Skink Limpopo-Savannenskink Limpopo-savanneskink 1869 Euprepes laevigatus Peters Trachylepis laevigata Weinell & Bauer 2018 Remarks: Previously regarded as a synonym of varia (e.g., Loveridge 1957). Revalidated by Weinell & Bauer (2018). Distribution: South Africa (Limpopo, North West Province). Trachylepis laevis Angolan Blue-tailed Skink, Flat Rock Skink Angolischer Blauschwanzskink Angolansk Blåhaleskink 1907 Mabuia laevis Boulenger Oelofsia laevis Steyn & Mitchell 1965 Euprepis laevis Mausfeld, Schmitz, Böhme, Misof, Vrcibradic & Rocha 2002 [by implication] Trachylepis laevis Bauer 2003 [by implication] Remarks: The type locality was restricted by Vaz Pinto, Veríssimo & Branch (2019) to the vicinity of the streams Conjo, Conjo Pequeno, and Cocumba, 20 km south of Uche, Benguela Province, Angola. Distribution: Angola, Namibia. Trachylepis lavarambo Madagascar Long-tailed Skink Madagassischer Langschwanzskink Madagassisk Langhaleskink 1998 Mabuya lavarambo Nussbaum & Raxworthy Euprepis lavarambo Mausfeld, Schmitz, Böhme, Misof, Vrcibradic & Rocha 2002 [by implication] Trachylepis lavarambo Bauer 2003 [by implication] Distribution: Madagascar (incl. Nosy Be). Trachylepis loluiensis Lolui Island Skink Lolui-Skink Lolui-skink 2010 Trachylepis loluiensis Kingdon & Spawls Distribution: Uganda. Trachylepis maculata (no common name) - - 1839 Tiliqua maculata Gray Trachylepis maculata Miralles, Chaparro & Harvey 2009 Remarks: Status uncertain. Although previously regarded as synonymous with atlantica (e.g., Boulenger 1887; Travassos 1946, 1948), it is distinct from that species (Mausfeld & Vrcibradic 2002; Miralles, Chaparro & Harvey 2009). The type locality is Demerara, Guyana, but maculata does not correspond to any species presently known to occur in that country or anywhere else in the New World. If the specimens were actually collected in Guyana, they may have been introduced from the Afro-Malagasy region during the transatlantic slave trade period, which would better explain the allocation of maculata to the mainly Afro-Malagasy genus Trachylepis, although the genus has managed to cross the Atlantic (see atlantica). It is unknown whether maculata is synonymous with a species from the Afro-Malagasy region (Miralles, Chaparro & Harvey 2009). Distribution: Unknown. Trachylepis maculilabris Common Speckled-lipped Skink, Speckled-lipped Forest Skink, Spotted-lipped Skink, White-lipped Skink Gewöhnlicher Lippenfleckiger Skink Almindelig Pletlæbeskink 1845 Euprepis maculilabris Gray Mabuia maculilabris Boulenger 1887 Trachylepis maculilabris Bauer 2003 [by implication] 1866 Euprepes anchietae Bocage (Ceríaco, Marques, Parrinha, Tiutenko, Weinell, Butler & Bauer 2024) 1912 ? Mabuia maculilabris major Sternfeld (Loveridge 1957) 1912 Mabuia maculilabris bergeri Sternfeld (Loveridge 1957) 1912 Mabuia maculilabris graueri Sternfeld (Loveridge 1957) 1912 Mabuia maculilabris kwidjwiensis Sternfeld (Loveridge 1957) 1912 Mabuia maculilabris rorhbecki Sternfeld (Loveridge 1957) 1912 Mabuia maculilabris schubotzi Sternfeld (Loveridge 1957) 1912 Mabuia maculilabris wauensis Sternfeld (Loveridge 1957) Remarks: Previously included albotaeniata, boulengeri, casuarinae, comorensis, infralineata, and the populations now assigned to adamastor and thomensis. Now restricted to continental Africa. Records from the Comoro Islands (e.g., Cheke 1984) refer to comorensis (Brygoo 1981). Records from Príncipe and São Tomé (incl. satellites) refer to adamastor and thomensis, respectively (Ceríaco, Marques & Bauer 2016). Distribution: Angola (incl. Cabinda), Benin, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Congo-Brazzaville, Congo-Kinshasa, Equatorial Guinea (Rio Muni), Ethiopia, Gabon, Ghana, Guinea, Ivory Coast, Kenya, Liberia, Malawi, Mozambique, Nigeria, Rwanda, Sierra Leone, Somalia, South Sudan, Tanzania, Togo, Uganda, Zambia. Trachylepis madagascariensis Central Madagascar Mountain Skink Centralmadagassischer Gebirgsskink Centralmadagassisk Bjergskink 1908 Mabuya madagascariensis Mocquard Euprepis madagascariensis Mausfeld, Schmitz, Böhme, Misof, Vrcibradic & Rocha 2002 [by implication] Trachylepis madagascariensis Bauer 2003 [by implication] Distribution: Madagascar. Trachylepis makolowodei Bélemboké Skink, (Makolowode's Skink) Bélemboké-skink Bélemboké-skink 2008 Trachylepis makolowodei Chirio, Ineich, Schmitz & LeBreton Remarks: Recorded from Gabon by Gvozdík, Dolinay, Zassi-Boulou & Babangenge (2018), however, this record was considered a misidentification and referred to albilabris by Pauwels, Bahaa-el-din, Albert, Carlino, Giannuzzi, Chirio, Gillet, Poirier & Stévart (2018). Distribution: Cameroon, Central African Republic, Congo-Brazzaville, Congo-Kinshasa. Trachylepis margaritifer African Rainbow Skink, Pearly Skink, Southeastern Five-lined Skink Afrikanischer Regenbogenskink Afrikansk Regnbueskink 1854 Euprepes margaritifer Peters Mabuya quinquetaeniata margaritifer FitzSimons 1943 Mabuia margaritifer Bocage 1896 Euprepis margaritifer Mausfeld, Schmitz, Böhme, Misof, Vrcibradic & Rocha 2002 [by implication] Trachylepis margaritifer Bauer 2003 [by implication] 1864 Euprepis kirkii Gray (Broadley & Bauer 1998) 1917 Mabuia quinquetaeniata hildebrandti Sternfeld [not Euprepes hildebrandtii Peters 1874] (Broadley & Bauer 1998) Remarks: Revalidated as a separate species by Broadley & Bauer (1998). The correct spelling of the specific name is margaritifer, not margaritifera (Broadley 1999). Distribution: Botswana, Eswatini, Kenya, Malawi, Mozambique, South Africa (Gauteng, KwaZulu-Natal, Limpopo, Mpumalanga), Tanzania, Uganda, Zambia, Zimbabwe. Trachylepis megalura Grass-top Skink, (Grass Skink), (Long-tailed Skink) Afrikanischer Grasbüschelskink Afrikansk Græstueskink 1878 Euprepes megalura Peters Mabuia megalura Loveridge 1920 Mabuya megalura Laurent 1964 Euprepis megalura Mausfeld, Schmitz, Böhme, Misof, Vrcibradic & Rocha 2002 [by implication] Trachylepis megalura Bauer 2003 [by implication] 1884 Eumeces massaianus Fischer (Loveridge 1957; Broadley 2000) Remarks: Previously included the population now assigned to raymondlaurenti, to which species records from Angola refer (Marques, Ceríaco, Bandeira, Pauwels & Bauer 2019). Distribution: Burundi, Congo-Kinshasa, Ethiopia, Kenya, Malawi, Mozambique, Rwanda, South Sudan, Tanzania, Uganda, Zambia. Trachylepis mekuana Bamboutos Mountain Grass Skink Bamboutos-Grasskink Bamboutos-græsskink 2000 Mabuya mekuana Chirio & Ineich Euprepis mekuana Mausfeld, Schmitz, Böhme, Misof, Vrcibradic & Rocha 2002 [by implication] Trachylepis mekuana Bauer 2003 [by implication] Distribution: Cameroon. Trachylepis mlanjensis Mulanje Skink Mulanje-Skink Mulanje-skink 1953 Mabuya bocagii mlanjensis Loveridge Mabuya gruetzneri mlanjensis Stevens 1974 Mabuya mlanjensis Broadley 2000 Euprepis mlanjensis Mausfeld, Schmitz, Böhme, Misof, Vrcibradic & Rocha 2002 [by implication] Trachylepis mlanjensis Bauer 2003 [by implication] Remarks: Previously regarded as a synonym of punctatissima (e.g., Broadley 1977). Weinell, Branch, Colston, Jackman, Kuhn, Conradie & Bauer (2019) found mlanjensis to be embedded within striata. Distribution: Malawi. Trachylepis nancycoutuae Isalo Rock Skink Isalo-Felsenskink Isalo-klippeskink 1998 Mabuya nancycoutuae Nussbaum & Raxworthy Euprepis nancycoutuae Mausfeld, Schmitz, Böhme, Misof, Vrcibradic & Rocha 2002 [by implication] Trachylepis nancycoutuae Bauer 2003 [by implication] Distribution: Madagascar. Trachylepis nganghae Mount Ngang-Ha Grass Skink Ngang-Ha-Grasskink Ngang-Ha-græsskink 2004 Trachylepis nganghae Ineich & Chirio Distribution: Cameroon. Trachylepis notabilis Chinchoxo Speckled-lipped Skink, Notable Skink Chinchoxo-Skink Chinchoxo-skink 1879 Euprepes notabilis Peters Trachylepis notabilis Ceríaco, Marques, Parrinha, Tiutenko, Weinell, Butler & Bauer 2024 Remarks: Previously regarded as a synonym of maculilabris (e.g., Loveridge 1957). Revalidated as a separate species by Ceríaco, Marques, Parrinha, Tiutenko, Weinell, Butler & Bauer (2024). Distribution: Angola (incl. Cabinda). Trachylepis occidentalis Western Three-striped Skink, Western Ground Skink Südwestafrikanischer Dreistreifen-Skink Sydvestafrikansk Trestribet Skink 1862 Euprepes vittatus var. australis Peters [not Tiliqua australis Gray 1838] (Broadley 2000) 1867 Euprepes occidentalis Peters Mabuia occidentalis Boulenger 1887 Mabuya trivittata occidentalis Power 1939 Mabuya occidentalis Fitzsimons 1943 Euprepis occidentalis Mausfeld, Schmitz, Böhme, Misof, Vrcibradic & Rocha 2002 [by implication] Trachylepis occidentalis Bauer 2003 [by implication] 1910 Mabuia calaharica Werner (Broadley 2000 [transferred from the synonymy of capensis by Mertens (1955)]) Distribution: Angola, Botswana, Namibia, South Africa (Eastern Cape, Free State, North West Province, Northern Cape, Western Cape). Trachylepis ovahelelo Ovahelelo Skink Ovahelelo-Skink Ovahelelo-skink 2024 Trachylepis ovahelelo Ceríaco, Marques, Parrinha, Tiutenko, Weinell, Butler & Bauer Distribution: Angola. Trachylepis ozorii Annobon Forest Skink Annobon-Waldskink Annobon-skovskink 1893 Mabuia ozorii Bocage Euprepis ozorii Mausfeld, Schmitz, Böhme, Misof, Vrcibradic & Rocha 2002 [by implication] Trachylepis ozorii Bauer 2003 [by implication] Distribution: Equatorial Guinea (Annobon). Trachylepis paucisquamis Western Forest Skink Westafrikanischer Waldskink Vestafrikansk Skovskink 1974 Mabuya polytropis occidentalis Hoogmoed [not Euprepes occidentalis Peters 1867] (Hoogmoed 1978) 1978 Mabuya polytropis paucisquamis Hoogmoed [substitute name for Mabuya polytropis occidentalis Hoogmoed 1974] Trachylepis polytropis paucisquamis Bauer 2003 [by implication] Trachylepis paucisquamis Trape, Trape & Chirio 2012 Remarks: Previously regarded as a subspecies of polytropis. Regarded as a separate species by Trape, Trape & Chirio (2012). Validity supported by Weinell, Branch, Colston, Jackman, Kuhn, Conradie & Bauer (2019). Distribution: Ghana, Guinea, Ivory Coast, Liberia, Sierra Leone. Trachylepis pendeana Pende River Skink Pende-Skink Pende-skink 2000 Mabuya pendeana Ineich & Chirio Euprepis pendeana Mausfeld, Schmitz, Böhme, Misof, Vrcibradic & Rocha 2002 [by implication] Trachylepis pendeana Bauer 2003 [by implication] Distribution: Central African Republic. Trachylepis perrotetii Orange-flanked Skink, Spotted Savanna Skink, West African Skink, (Perrotet's Skink) Rotflankenskink, Togoskink Orangesidet Skink 1839 Euprepis perrotetii Dumeril & Bibron Mabuia perroteti Tornier 1901 Trachylepis perroteti Bauer 2003 [by implication] 1864 Euprepes pleurostictus Peters (Reptile Database, viewed 16 Jan 2014) 1908 Mabuia mongallensis Werner (Reptile Database, viewed 16 Jan 2014) Mabuia perroteti mongallensis Werner 1919 1933 Mabuya perroteti spatzi Ahl (Loveridge 1952) 1940 Mabuya guineensis Monard (Trape, Trape & Chirio 2012) 1956 Mabuya breviparietalis Grandison (Böhme 1978) Remarks: Previously included keroanensis and upembae. Introduced to: USA (Florida). Distribution: Benin, Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, Congo-Kinshasa, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau (incl. Bijagos Archipelago), Ivory Coast, Mali, Mauritania, Niger, Nigeria, Senegal, Sierra Leone, South Sudan, Sudan, Togo, Uganda. Trachylepis planifrons Teita Skink, (Tree Skink) Teita-Skink Teita-skink 1878 Euprepes planifrons Peters Mabuya planifrons Parker 1942 Euprepis planifrons Mausfeld, Schmitz, Böhme, Misof, Vrcibradic & Rocha 2002 [by implication] Trachylepis planifrons Bauer 2003 [by implication] 1878 Euprepes taitanus Peters (Loveridge 1957) 1911 Mabuia diesneri Sternfeld (Loveridge 1957) Distribution: Congo-Kinshasa, Ethiopia, Kenya, Malawi, Somalia, Tanzania, Uganda, Zambia. Trachylepis polytropis Greater Forest Skink, Large Forest Skink, Multicarinated Skink Vielkieliger Waldskink Mangekølet Skovskink 1903 Mabuia polytropis Boulenger Euprepis polytropis Mausfeld, Schmitz, Böhme, Misof, Vrcibradic & Rocha 2002 [by implication] Trachylepis polytropis Bauer 2003 [by implication] Remarks: Previously included paucisquamis. Distribution: Cameroon, Central African Republic, Congo-Kinshasa, Equatorial Guinea (Bioko, Rio Muni), Gabon, Nigeria, Togo. Trachylepis pulcherrima Upemba Five-lined Skink Fünfstreifiger Upemba-Skink Femstribet Upemba-skink 1953 Mabuya quinquetaeniata pulcherrima De Witte Mabuya pulcherrima Broadley & Bauer 1998 Euprepis pulcherrimus Mausfeld, Schmitz, Böhme, Misof, Vrcibradic & Rocha 2002 [by implication] Trachylepis pulcherrima Bauer 2003 [by implication] Distribution: Congo-Kinshasa. Trachylepis punctatissima Montane Speckled Skink, Speckled Rock Skink, Southern Striped Skink Gesprenkelter Bergskink Spættet Bjergskink 1849 Euprepes punctatissimus Smith Mabuya striata punctatissimus Broadley 1977 Mabuya punctatissima Broadley 2000 Euprepis punctatissimus Mausfeld, Schmitz, Böhme, Misof, Vrcibradic & Rocha 2002 [by implication] Trachylepis punctatissima Bauer 2003 [by implication] 1849 Euprepes sunderallii [sic] Smith (Broadley 1977, 2000) 1869 Euprepes grützneri Peters (Broadley 1977, 2000) Mabuia grützneri Boulenger 1887 Mabuia striata gruetzneri Sternfeld 1911 Distribution: Botswana, Eswatini, Lesotho, Namibia, South Africa (Eastern Cape, Free State, Gauteng, KwaZulu-Natal, Limpopo, Mpumalanga, North West Province, Northern Cape), Zimbabwe. Trachylepis punctulata Eastern Variegated Skink, Speckled Sand Skink, Angolan Spotted Skink, Long-lobed Skink Südafrikanischer Gesprenkelter Skink Sydafrikansk Spættet Skink 1872 Euprepes punctulatus Bocage Mabuya punctulata FitzSimons 1943 Mabuya variegata punctulata Broadley 1975 Euprepis punctulatus Mausfeld, Schmitz, Böhme, Misof, Vrcibradic & Rocha 2002 [by implication] Trachylepis punctulata Bauer 2003 [by implication] 1954 Mabuya longiloba triebneri Mertens (Broadley 2000) Remarks: Revalidated as a separate species by Broadley (1980). Confirmed records of this species are now restricted to Angola. Previously included the populations now assigned to vunongue. Records from southeastern Angola, southwestern Zambia, and northwestern Zimbabwe refer to vunongue. Status of records from Namibia and Botswana are unresolved, but angolensis may be present in these countries. Also records from Mozambique and South Africa are unresolved. Distribution: Angola. Trachylepis quinquetaeniata African Five-lined Skink, Rainbow Skink, Five-striped Savanna Skink, Rainbow Rock Skink, African Blue-tailed Skink, Bean Skink, Pearly Bushveld Skink, Blue-tailed Koppie Skink Afrikanischer Fünfstreifenskink, Afrikanischer Blauschwanzskink Afrikansk Femstribet Skink 1823 Scincus quinquetaeniata Lichtenstein Mabuya quinquetaeniata Fitzinger 1826 Euprepes quinquetaeniatus Gray 1845 Euprepis quinquetaeniatus Mausfeld, Schmitz, Böhme, Misof, Vrcibradic & Rocha 2002 [by implication] Trachylepis quinquetaeniata Bauer 2003 [by implication] 1839 Euprepes savignyi Duméril & Bibron (Bauer 2003) 1864 Euprepis gularis Gray (Broadley & Bauer 1998) 1913 Mabuia obsti Werner (Broadley & Bauer 1998) 1917 Mabuia intermedia Chabanaud (Loveridge 1952) 1917 Mabuia quinquetaeniata langheldi Sternfeld Trachylepis langheldi Böhme 2010 1917 Mabuia quinquetaeniata riggenbachi Sternfeld 1917 Mabuia quinquetaeniata scharica Sternfeld (Broadley & Bauer 1998) Euprepis quinquetaeniatus scharica Mausfeld, Schmitz, Böhme, Misof, Vrcibradic & Rocha 2002 [by implication] Trachylepis quinquetaeniata scharica Bauer Trachylepis quinquetaeniata scharica Böhme 2010 1917 Mabuia semicollaris Werner (Parker 1942) Other common names: obsti?: Tanzania Five-lined Skink Remarks: Previously included margaritifer. Records from Libya are regarded as erroneous (Schleich, Kästle & Kabisch 1996). A single record from Saudi Arabia (Farag & Banaja 1980) undoubtedly refers to brevicollis (Schätti & Gasperetti 1994). Although treated as a valid species by some authors (e.g., Böhme 2010), the taxonomic status of langheldi is unclear (Chirio 2021). Angolan records refer to binotata or bocagii (Marques, Ceríaco, Blackburn & Bauer 2018). Introduced to: Egypt (Sinai), USA (Florida). Distribution: Benin, Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, Congo-Brazzaville, Congo-Kinshasa, Djibouti, Egypt (African part), Eritrea, Ethiopia, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Ivory Coast, Kenya, Malawi, Mali, Mozambique, Niger, Nigeria, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Somalia, South Sudan, Sudan, Tanzania, Togo, Uganda. Trachylepis quinquetaeniata © Rune Midtgaard Trachylepis raymondlaurenti Cangandala Long-tailed Skink, (Laurent's Long-tailed Skink) Cangandala-Skink Cangandala-skink 2019 Trachylepis raymondlaurenti Marques, Ceríaco, Bandeira, Pauwels & Bauer Remarks: Previously regarded as a population of megalura (Marques, Ceríaco, Bandeira, Pauwels & Bauer 2019). Distribution: Angola, Congo-Kinshasa. Trachylepis rodenburgi Ghanese Savanna Skink, (Rodenburg's Skink) Ghanesischer Savannenskink Ghanesisk Savanneskink 1974 Mabuya rodenburgi Hoogmoed Euprepis rodenburgi Mausfeld, Schmitz, Böhme, Misof, Vrcibradic & Rocha 2002 [by implication] Trachylepis rodenburgi Bauer 2003 [by implication] Distribution: Ghana, Nigeria. Trachylepis sechellensis Lesser Seychelles Skink Kleiner Seychellenskink Lille Seychellerskink 1839 Euprepes sechellensis Dumeril & Bibron Mabuia sechellensis Tornier 1901 Mabuya sechellensis Brygoo 1981 Euprepis sechellensis Mausfeld, Schmitz, Böhme, Misof, Vrcibradic & Rocha 2002 [by implication] Trachylepis sechellensis Bauer 2003 [by implication] 1939 Mabuya wrightii ilotensis Rendahl (Gerlach 2005) Distribution: Seychelles (incl. Praslin). Trachylepis sechellensis © Henrik Bringsøe Trachylepis socotrana Socotra Rock Skink Sokotra-Felsenskink Socotra-klippeskink 1882 Euprepes socotranus Peters Mabuia socotrana Boulenger 1887 Euprepis socotranus Mausfeld, Schmitz, Böhme, Misof, Vrcibradic & Rocha 2002 [by implication] Trachylepis socotranus Bauer 2003 [by implication] Remarks: Records from Abd al Kuri refer to cristinae (Sindaco, Metallinou, Pupin, Fasola & Carranza 2012). Distribution: Yemen (Socotra Archipelago [Darsa, Samha, Socotra]). Trachylepis sparsa Karasburg Tree Skink, Southwestern Striped Skink, Black Tree Skink Südwestafrikanischer Baumskink Sydvestafrikansk Træskink 1954 Mabuya striata sparsa Mertens Mabuya sparsa Broadley 2000 Trachylepis sparsa Bauer 2003 [by implication] Distribution: Botswana, Namibia, South Africa (Northern Cape). Trachylepis spilogaster Namibian Tree Skink, Kalahari Tree Skink, Speckled-bellied Skink Namibischer Baumskink Namibisk Træskink 1882 Euprepes striatus var. spilogaster Peters Mabuya striata spilogaster Mertens 1955 Mabuya spilogaster Brain 1969 Euprepis spilogaster Mausfeld, Schmitz, Böhme, Misof, Vrcibradic & Rocha 2002 [by implication] Trachylepis spilogaster Bauer 2003 [by implication] Distribution: Botswana, Namibia, South Africa (Free State, North West Province, Northern Cape). Trachylepis spilogaster © Henrik Bringsøe Trachylepis striata Eastern Striped Skink, (African Striped Skink, Common Striped Skink, Common Two-striped Skink) Afrikanischer Streifenskink Østafrikansk Stribeskink 1844 Tropidolepisma striatum Peters Euprepes striatus Peters 1882 Mabuya striata Boulenger 1887 Euprepis striatus Mausfeld, Schmitz, Böhme, Misof, Vrcibradic & Rocha 2002 [by implication] Trachylepis striata Bauer 2003 [by implication] 1864 Euprepes grantii Gray (Broadley 2000) Remarks: Previously included angolensis, binotata, chimbana, mlanjensis, punctatissima, sparsa, spilogaster, and wahlbergi. Introduced to: Comoro Islands (Anjouan). Distribution: Botswana, Burundi, Congo-Kinshasa, Djibouti, Eswatini, Ethiopia, Kenya, Malawi, Mozambique (incl. Bazaruto Archipelago [incl. Santa Carolina]), Namibia, Rwanda, Somalia, South Africa (KwaZulu-Natal, Limpopo, Mpumalanga), South Sudan, Sudan, Tanzania (incl. Mafia, Pemba, Zanzibar), Uganda, Zambia, Zimbabwe. Trachylepis sulcata Koppie Skink, (Western Rock Skink) Westlicher Felsenskink Koppie-skink 1867 Euprepes sulcatus Peters Mabuia sulcata Boulenger 1887 Euprepis sulcatus Mausfeld, Schmitz, Böhme, Misof, Vrcibradic & Rocha 2002 [by implication] Trachylepis sulcata Bauer 2003 [by implication] 1862 Euprepes olivaceus Peters [not Dasia olivacea Gray 1839] (Broadley 2000) 1915 Mabuia sulcata nigra Werner (Portik, Bauer & Jackman 2010) Distribution: Angola, Namibia, South Africa (Eastern Cape, Free State, Northern Cape, Western Cape). Trachylepis sulcata © Henrik Bringsøe Trachylepis suzanae Kissama Skink, (Suzana's Wedge-Snouted Skink) Kissama-Skink Kissama-skink 2024 Trachylepis suzanae Ceríaco, Marques, Parrinha, Tiutenko, Weinell, Butler & Bauer Remarks: Distribution: Angola (incl. Cabinda). Trachylepis tandrefana Madagascar West Coast Skink Westmadagassischer Küstenskink Vestmadagassisk Kystskink 1999 Mabuya tandrefana Nussbaum, Raxworthy & Ramanamanjato Euprepis tandrefana Mausfeld, Schmitz, Böhme, Misof, Vrcibradic & Rocha 2002 [by implication] Trachylepis tandrefana Bauer 2003 [by implication] Distribution: Madagascar. Trachylepis tavaratra Mount Ambre Skink Ambre-Skink Ambre-skink 1999 Mabuya tavaratra Ramanamanjato, Nussbaum & Raxworthy Euprepis tavaratra Mausfeld, Schmitz, Böhme, Misof, Vrcibradic & Rocha 2002 [by implication] Trachylepis tavaratra Bauer 2003 [by implication] Distribution: Madagascar. Trachylepis tessellata Tessellated Skink, Tessellated Mabuya Südarabischer Skink Sydarabisk Skink 1895 Mabuya tessellata Anderson Euprepis tessellatus Mausfeld, Schmitz, Böhme, Misof, Vrcibradic & Rocha 2002 [by implication] Trachylepis tessellata Bauer 2003 [by implication] Distribution: Oman, United Arab Emirates, Yemen. Trachylepis thomensis São Tomé Forest Skink, São Tomé Skink São-Tomé-Waldskink São Tomé-skovskink 2016 Trachylepis thomensis Ceríaco, Marques & Bauer Remarks: Previously regarded as a population of maculilabris (Ceríaco, Marques & Bauer 2016). Distribution: São Tomé & Príncipe (Rolas Island, São Tomé). Trachylepis tschudii (no common name) - - 1845 Trachylepis punctata Tschudi [not Lacerta punctata Linnaeus 1758; not Tiliqua punctata Gray 1839] 2009 Trachylepis tschudii Miralles, Chaparro & Harvey [substitute name for Trachylepis punctata Tschudi 1845] Remarks: Status uncertain. The only known specimen was allegedly collected in Amazonian Peru. Believed to be a synonym of atlantica by Travassos (1946) and Miralles, Chaparro & Harvey (2009), suggesting that the specimen may have been mislabelled. Distribution: Unknown. Trachylepis upembae Upemba Orange-flanked Skink Orangeseitiger Upemba-skink Orangesidet Upemba-skink 1953 Mabuya perrotetii upembae De Witte Trachylepis perrotetii upembae Bauer 2003 [by implication] Trachylepis upembae Broadley & Cotterill 2004 Distribution: Congo-Kinshasa. Trachylepis varia Savanna Variable Skink, Variable Skink, (Common Variegated Skink) Ostafrikanischer Savannenskink Østafrikansk Savanneskink 1867 Euprepes varius Peters Mabuia varia Boulenger 1887 Euprepis varius Mausfeld, Schmitz, Böhme, Misof, Vrcibradic & Rocha 2002 [by implication] Trachylepis varia Bauer 2003 [by implication] 1872 Euprepes angolensis Bocage (Loveridge 1957) 1953 Mabuya varia nyikae Loveridge (Broadley 2000) Other common names: nyikae: Nyika Variable Skink varia: Common Variable Skink, Tete Variable Skink Remarks: Previously included albopunctata, brauni, damarana, hildebrandtii, isselii, and laevigata. See further remarks under isselii regarding its status. Also nyikae may prove to be a separate species (Weinell & Bauer 2018). The map shows the restricted distribution of varia (excluding the species above), which is still considered an unresolved species complex (see Weinell & Bauer 2018). Hence, more species are likely to be revalidated from the synonymy or described as new species from the complex in the future, thus restricting the distribution of varia further. Distribution: Burundi, Congo-Kinshasa, Eswatini, Ethiopia, Kenya, Lesotho, Malawi, Mozambique (incl. Bazaruto Archipelago [incl. Benguerua]), Rwanda, Somalia, South Africa (Eastern Cape, Free State, Gauteng, KwaZulu-Natal, Limpopo, Mpumalanga, North West Province, Northern Cape), South Sudan, Sudan, Tanzania, Uganda, Zambia, Zimbabwe. Trachylepis variegata Western Variegated Skink, Variegated Sand Skink Damara-Sandskink Damara-sandskink 1869 Euprepes variegatus Peters Mabuya variegata Broadley 1975 Euprepis variegatus Mausfeld, Schmitz, Böhme, Misof, Vrcibradic & Rocha 2002 [by implication] Trachylepis variegata Bauer 2003 [by implication] 1914 Mabuya varia var. longiloba Methuen & Hewitt (Broadley 2000) Mabuya longiloba Mertens 1955 Remarks: Previously included punctulata. Distribution: Namibia, South Africa (Eastern Cape, Free State, North West Province, Northern Cape, Western Cape). Trachylepis variegata © Henrik Bringsøe Trachylepis vato White-spotted Rock Skink, Boulder Skink Weißfleckiger Felsenskink Hvidplettet Klippeskink 1994 Mabuya vato Nussbaum & Raxworthy Euprepis vato Mausfeld, Schmitz, Böhme, Misof, Vrcibradic & Rocha 2002 [by implication] Trachylepis vato Bauer 2003 [by implication] Distribution: Madagascar. Trachylepis vezo Lavenombato White-spotted Skink Lavenombato-Skink Lavenombato-skink 1999 Mabuya vezo Ramanamanjato, Nussbaum & Raxworthy Euprepis vezo Mausfeld, Schmitz, Böhme, Misof, Vrcibradic & Rocha 2002 [by implication] Trachylepis vezo Bauer 2003 [by implication] Distribution: Madagascar. Trachylepis volamenaloha Madagascar Golden-headed Skink Goldkopf-Skink Gyldenhovedet Skink 1999 Mabuya volamenaloha Nussbaum, Raxworthy & Ramanamanjato Euprepis volamenaloha Mausfeld, Schmitz, Böhme, Misof, Vrcibradic & Rocha 2002 [by implication] Trachylepis volamenaloha Bauer 2003 [by implication] Distribution: Madagascar. Trachylepis vunongue Cuando Cubango Skink, Mwene Vunongue Skink Cuando-Cubango-Skink Cuando Cubango-skink 2024 Trachylepis vunongue Ceríaco, Marques, Parrinha, Tiutenko, Weinell, Butler & Bauer Distribution: Angola, Zambia, Zimbabwe. Trachylepis wahlbergii Mopane Skink, (Wahlberg's Striped Skink) Mopane-Skink Mopane-skink 1869 Euprepes wahlbergii Peters Mabuia wahlbergii Boulenger 1887 Mabuya striata wahlbergi Broadley 1971 Mabuya wahlbergi Broadley 2000 Euprepis wahlbergi Mausfeld, Schmitz, Böhme, Misof, Vrcibradic & Rocha 2002 [by implication] Trachylepis walbergii Bauer 2003 [by implication] 1917 Mabuya ellenbergeri Chabanaud (Broadley 1977, 2000) 1937 Mabuya striata angolensis Monard [not Euprepes angolensis Bocage 1872] (syn. Ceríaco, Marques, Parrinha, Tiutenko, Weinell, Butler & Bauer 2024) Mabuya angolensis Laurent 1964 Euprepis angolensis Mausfeld, Schmitz, Böhme, Misof, Vrcibradic & Rocha 2002 [by implication] Trachylepis angolensis Bauer 2003 [by implication] 2018 Trachylepis monardi Marques, Ceríaco, Blackburn & Bauer [substitute name for Mabuya striata angolensis Monard 1937] (syn. Ceríaco, Marques, Parrinha, Tiutenko, Weinell, Butler & Bauer 2024) Distribution: Angola, Botswana, Congo-Kinshasa, Malawi, Mozambique, Namibia, South Africa, Zambia, Zimbabwe. Trachylepis wilsoni Pico Azevedo Skink, (Wilson's Wedge-Snouted Skink) Pico-Azevedo-Skink Pico Azevedo-skink 2024 Trachylepis wilsoni Ceríaco, Marques, Parrinha, Tiutenko, Weinell, Butler & Bauer Distribution: Angola. Trachylepis wingatii Sudan Grass Skink, (Wingate's Skink) Sudanischer Grasskink Sudansk Græsskink 1908 Mabuya wingatii Werner Euprepis wingatii Mausfeld, Schmitz, Böhme, Misof, Vrcibradic & Rocha 2002 [by implication] Trachylepis wingatii Bauer 2003 [by implication] Distribution: Ethiopia, South Sudan. Trachylepis wrightii Greater Seychelles Skink Grosser Seychellenskink Stor Seychellerskink 1887 Mabuia wrightii Boulenger Euprepis wrightii Mausfeld, Schmitz, Böhme, Misof, Vrcibradic & Rocha 2002 [by implication] Trachylepis wrightii Bauer 2003 [by implication] Distribution: Seychelles. Trachylepis wrightii © Henrik Bringsøe