Reptiles of Rwanda  (formerly part of Ruanda-Urundi)   Bibliography of the reptiles of Rwanda Taxonomic history of the reptiles of Rwanda Introduced species

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Citation: Midtgaard, Rune. RepFocus - A Survey of the Reptiles of the World. www.repfocus.dk (Compilation date: 14th April, 2023).

Checklist General remarks: The list includes only formally described species. Newly discovered, but still unnamed species are excluded. However, unnamed species or species unassigned to species level are included, if they are the only representatives of their genus in the region. Species counts exclude extinct and introduced species. Doubtful records, typically older voucher specimens of uncertain origin, have been excluded if considered questionable, as are records based on sources considered unreliable or controversial. Note: Your comments to the checklist (omissions, errors, etc.) are welcomed, preferably if they are provided with reliable references. If possible, please attach a pdf file of the relevant reference to an email addressed to:

	Crocodilians (Crocodylia)
	= endemicEX = extinct or assumed extinct Species References  Family Crocodylidae (Crocodiles) Genus Crocodylus (Typical Crocodiles)   Crocodylus niloticus Nile Crocodile Fischer & Hinkel 1992 Fuchs, Mertens & Wermuth 1974 King & Burke 1989 Wermuth & Mertens 1977

	Lizards (Sauria)
	= endemicEX = extinct or assumed extinct Species References  Family Agamidae (Agamas and Dragons) Genus Acanthocercus (Ridgeback Agamas)   Acanthocercus gregorii Kenyan Ridgeback Agama Wagner, Butler, Ceriaco & Bauer 2021 Wagner, Greenbaum & Bauer 2012 Wagner, Greenbaum, Bauer, Kusamba & Leache 2018   Acanthocercus kiwuensis Kivu Ridgeback Agama Wagner, Butler, Ceriaco & Bauer 2021 Wagner, Greenbaum & Bauer 2012 Wagner, Greenbaum, Bauer, Kusamba & Leache 2018   Acanthocercus ugandaensis Uganda Ridgeback Agama Wagner, Butler, Ceriaco & Bauer 2021 Wagner, Greenbaum & Bauer 2012 Wagner, Greenbaum, Bauer, Kusamba & Leache 2018 Genus Agama (Typical Agamas)   Agama mwanzae Mwanza Rock Agama Fischer & Hinkel 1992 Spawls, Howell, Drewes & Ashe 2002 Spawls, Howell, Hinkel & Menegon 2018 Wagner 2014 Wagner, Krause & Boehme 2008  Family Chamaeleonidae (Chameleons) Genus Chamaeleo (Typical Chameleons)   Chamaeleo anchietae Angolan Chameleon Fischer & Hinkel 1992 Klaver & Boehme 1997 Spawls, Howell, Drewes & Ashe 2002 Spawls, Howell, Hinkel & Menegon 2018 Tilbury 2010   Chamaeleo dilepis Flap-necked Chameleon Fischer & Hinkel 1992 Glaw 2015 Hinkel & Fischer 1990 Hinkel 1996 Klaver & Boehme 1997 Spawls, Howell, Drewes & Ashe 2002 Spawls, Howell, Hinkel & Menegon 2018 Tilbury 2010   Chamaeleo laevigatus Smooth Chameleon Broadley & Howell 1991 Glaw 2015 Klaver & Boehme 1997 Spawls, Howell, Drewes & Ashe 2002 Spawls, Howell, Hinkel & Menegon 2018 Tilbury 2010 Genus Kinyongia (East African Dwarf Chameleons)   Kinyongia rugegensis Rugege Highlands Dwarf Chameleon Fischer & Hinkel 1992 [as adolfifriderici] Glaw 2015 [as adolfifriderici] Hinkel & Fischer 1990 [as adolfifriderici] Hinkel 1996 [as adolfifriderici] Hughes, Kusamba, Behangana & Greenbaum 2017 Klaver & Boehme 1997 [as adolfifriderici] Spawls, Howell, Drewes & Ashe 2002 [as adolfifriderici] Spawls, Howell, Hinkel & Menegon 2018 [as adolfifriderici] Tilbury 2010 [as adolfifriderici] Genus Rhampholeon (African Leaf Chameleons)   Rhampholeon boulengeri Central African Leaf Chameleon Fischer & Hinkel 1992 Glaw 2015 Hinkel & Fischer 1990 Hinkel 1996 Klaver & Boehme 1997 Spawls, Howell, Drewes & Ashe 2002 Spawls, Howell, Hinkel & Menegon 2018 Tilbury 2010 Genus Trioceros (Equatorial Chameleons)   Trioceros ellioti Montane Side-striped Chameleon Broadley & Howell 1991 Fischer & Hinkel 1992 Fischer & Hinkel 1994 Glaw 2015 Hinkel & Fischer 1990 Hinkel 1996 Klaver & Boehme 1997 Spawls, Howell, Drewes & Ashe 2002 Spawls, Howell, Hinkel & Menegon 2018 Tilbury 2010   Trioceros johnstoni Ruwenzori Three-horned Chameleon Fischer & Hinkel 1992 Fischer & Hinkel 1994 Glaw 2015 Hinkel & Fischer 1990 Hinkel 1996 Klaver & Boehme 1997 Spawls, Howell, Drewes & Ashe 2002 Spawls, Howell, Hinkel & Menegon 2018 Tilbury 2010   Trioceros rudis Ruwenzori Side-striped Chameleon Boehme & Klaver 1980 Broadley & Howell 1991 Fischer & Hinkel 1992 Glaw 2015 Hinkel 1996 Klaver & Boehme 1997 Roelke & Smith 2010 Spawls, Howell, Drewes & Ashe 2002 Spawls, Howell, Hinkel & Menegon 2018 Tilbury 2010   Trioceros schoutedeni Congolese Montane Dwarf Chameleon Boehme & Klaver 1980 Glaw 2015 Klaver & Boehme 1997 Spawls, Howell, Hinkel & Menegon 2018 Tilbury 2010  Family Cordylidae (Girdled Lizards) Genus Chamaesaura (African Grass Lizards)   Chamaesaura tenuior East African Highland Grass Lizard Fischer & Hinkel 1992 Spawls, Howell, Drewes & Ashe 2002 Spawls, Howell, Hinkel & Menegon 2018  Family Gekkonidae (Typical Geckos) Genus Ancylodactylus (African Rock and Forest Geckos)   Ancylodactylus quattuorseriatus Kivu Four-lined Forest Gecko Hinkel & Fischer 1990 Hinkel 1996 Malonza & Bauer 2022 Perret 1986 Spawls, Howell, Drewes & Ashe 2002 Spawls, Howell, Hinkel & Menegon 2018 Wagner, Safari & Chenga 2021 Genus Hemidactylus (Half-toed Geckos)   Hemidactylus angulatus West African House Gecko Chirio & LeBreton 2007 Fischer & Hinkel 1992 Hinkel & Fischer 1990 Hinkel 1996 Spawls, Howell, Hinkel & Menegon 2018   Hemidactylus mabouia Cosmopolitan House Gecko Fischer & Hinkel 1992 Hinkel 1996 Loveridge 1947 Spawls, Howell, Hinkel & Menegon 2018 Genus Lygodactylus (African-Neotropical Dwarf Geckos)   Lygodactylus gutturalis Chevron-throated Dwarf Gecko Loveridge 1947 Spawls, Howell, Drewes & Ashe 2002 Spawls, Howell, Hinkel & Menegon 2018  Family Gerrhosauridae (Plated Lizards) Genus Gerrhosaurus (Typical Plated Lizards)   Gerrhosaurus flavigularis Yellow-throated Plated Lizard Spawls, Howell, Hinkel & Menegon 2018   Gerrhosaurus intermedius Eastern Black-lined Plated Lizard Bates, Tolley, Edwards, Davids, Silva & Branch 2013 Fischer & Hinkel 1992 [as nigrolineatus] Spawls, Howell, Drewes & Ashe 2002 [as nigrolineatus] Spawls, Howell, Hinkel & Menegon 2018 [as nigrolineatus]  Family Lacertidae (Typical Lizards) Genus Adolfus (African Forest Lizards)   Adolfus africanus Multi-scaled Forest Lizard Hinkel 1996 Koehler, Wagner, Visser & Boehme 2003 Spawls, Howell, Drewes & Ashe 2002 Spawls, Howell, Hinkel & Menegon 2018 Wagner, Greenbaum, Malonza & Branch 2014   Adolfus jacksoni East African Forest Lizard Arnold 1989 Broadley & Howell 1991 Fischer & Hinkel 1992 Greenbaum, Beer, Hughes, Wagner, Anderson, Villanueva, Malonza, Kusumba, Muninga, Aristote & Branch 2018 Hinkel & Fischer 1990 Hinkel 1996 Roelke & Smith 2010 Spawls, Howell, Drewes & Ashe 2002 Spawls, Howell, Hinkel & Menegon 2018 Genus Congolacerta (Congolese Lizards)   Congolacerta vauereselli Sparse-scaled Forest Lizard Arnold 1989 Broadley & Howell 1991 Fischer & Hinkel 1992 Fischer & Hinkel 1994 Hinkel & Fischer 1990 Hinkel 1996 Roelke & Smith 2010 Spawls, Howell, Drewes & Ashe 2002 Spawls, Howell, Hinkel & Menegon 2018  Family Scincidae (Skinks) Genus Leptosiaphos (Slender Leaf-litter Skinks)   Leptosiaphos blochmanni Kivu Three-toed Skink Fischer & Hinkel 1992 Hinkel & Fischer 1990 Hinkel 1996 Spawls, Howell, Drewes & Ashe 2002 Spawls, Howell, Hinkel & Menegon 2018   Leptosiaphos graueri Rwanda Five-toed Skink Fischer & Hinkel 1992 Fischer & Hinkel 1994 Hinkel & Fischer 1990 Hinkel 1996 Roelke & Smith 2010 Spawls, Howell, Drewes & Ashe 2002 Spawls, Howell, Hinkel & Menegon 2018   Leptosiaphos hackarsi Virunga Four-toed Skink Spawls, Howell, Drewes & Ashe 2002 Spawls, Howell, Hinkel & Menegon 2018 Genus Mochlus (African Supple Skinks)   Mochlus hinkeli Eastern Red-flanked Skink Hinkel 1996 [as fernandi] Spawls, Howell, Hinkel & Menegon 2018 Wagner, Boehme, Pauwels & Schmitz 2009 Genus Trachylepis (African-American Grass and Forest Skinks)   Trachylepis maculilabris Common Speckled-lipped Skink Fischer & Hinkel 1992 Hinkel & Fischer 1990 Hinkel 1996 Spawls, Howell, Drewes & Ashe 2002 Spawls, Howell, Hinkel & Menegon 2018   Trachylepis megalura Grass-top Skink Broadley & Howell 1991 Fischer & Hinkel 1992 Hinkel & Fischer 1990 Hinkel 1996 Koppetsch 2020 Spawls, Howell, Drewes & Ashe 2002 Spawls, Howell, Hinkel & Menegon 2018   Trachylepis striata Eastern Striped Skink Fischer & Hinkel 1992 Hinkel & Fischer 1990 Hinkel 1996 Roelke & Smith 2010 Spawls, Howell, Hinkel & Menegon 2018   Trachylepis varia Savanna Variable Skink Fischer & Hinkel 1992 Spawls, Howell, Drewes & Ashe 2002 Spawls, Howell, Hinkel & Menegon 2018  Family Varanidae (Monitor Lizards) Genus Varanus (Monitor Lizards)   Varanus niloticus Nile Monitor Bayless 2002 Fischer & Hinkel 1992 Hinkel & Fischer 1990   Varanus stellatus African Forest Monitor Spawls, Howell, Drewes & Ashe 2002 [as V. ornatus]

	Snakes (Serpentes)
	= endemicEX = extinct or assumed extinct Species References  Family Colubridae (Typical Snakes or Colubrids) Genus Crotaphopeltis (Herald Snakes)   Crotaphopeltis hotamboeia Common Herald Snake Fischer & Hinkel 1992 Hinkel & Fischer 1990 Hinkel 1996 Spawls, Howell, Hinkel & Menegon 2018 Genus Dasypeltis (African Egg Eaters)   Dasypeltis atra Forest Egg Eater Bates & Broadley 2018 Broadley & Howell 1991 Chippaux & Jackson 2019 Fischer & Hinkel 1992 Gans 1959 Hinkel & Fischer 1990 Hinkel 1996 Spawls, Howell, Drewes & Ashe 2002 Spawls, Howell, Hinkel & Menegon 2018   Dasypeltis confusa Diamondback Egg Eater Bates & Broadley 2018   Dasypeltis scabra Common African Egg Eater Bates & Broadley 2018 Fischer & Hinkel 1992 Spawls, Howell, Drewes & Ashe 2002 Spawls, Howell, Hinkel & Menegon 2018 Genus Dipsadoboa (Nocturnal Tree Snakes)   Dipsadoboa unicolor Unicoloured Nocturnal Tree Snake Fischer & Hinkel 1992 Hinkel & Fischer 1990 Hinkel 1996 Rasmussen 1993 Spawls, Howell, Drewes & Ashe 2002 Spawls, Howell, Hinkel & Menegon 2018   Dipsadoboa viridis Green Nocturnal Tree Snake Chippaux & Jackson 2019 Rasmussen 1993 Spawls, Howell, Drewes & Ashe 2002 Spawls, Howell, Hinkel & Menegon 2018   Dipsadoboa weileri Grey Nocturnal Tree Snake Rasmussen 1993 Spawls, Howell, Drewes & Ashe 2002 Spawls, Howell, Hinkel & Menegon 2018 Genus Dispholidus (Boomslangs)   Dispholidus kivuensis Kivu Boomslang Golay, Smith, Broadley, Dixon, McCarthy, Rage, Schatti & Toriba 1993 Hinkel 1996 Pietersen, Verburght & Davies 2021 Pitman 1974 Genus Grayia (Equatorial African Water Snakes)   Grayia tholloni Nandi Water Snake Fischer & Hinkel 1992 Spawls, Howell, Drewes & Ashe 2002 Spawls, Howell, Hinkel & Menegon 2018 Genus Natriciteres (African Marsh Snakes)   Natriciteres olivacea Olive Marsh Snake Fischer & Hinkel 1992 Hinkel & Fischer 1990 Hinkel 1996 Spawls, Howell, Drewes & Ashe 2002 Spawls, Howell, Hinkel & Menegon 2018 Genus Philothamnus (African Green Snakes)   Philothamnus angolensis Angolan Green Snake Fischer & Hinkel 1992 Hinkel & Fischer 1990 Hinkel 1996 Spawls, Howell, Drewes & Ashe 2002 Spawls, Howell, Hinkel & Menegon 2018   Philothamnus battersbyi Northeastern Green Snake Chippaux & Jackson 2019 Spawls, Howell, Drewes & Ashe 2002   Philothamnus carinatus Barred Green Snake Hinkel 1996 Spawls, Howell, Drewes & Ashe 2002 Spawls, Howell, Hinkel & Menegon 2018   Philothamnus heterolepidotus Slender Green Snake Fischer & Hinkel 1992 Spawls, Howell, Drewes & Ashe 2002 Spawls, Howell, Hinkel & Menegon 2018   Philothamnus hoplogaster Southeastern Green Snake Hinkel 1996   Philothamnus nitidus Cameroon Green Snake Fischer & Hinkel 1992 Spawls, Howell, Drewes & Ashe 2002 Spawls, Howell, Hinkel & Menegon 2018   Philothamnus ruandae Rwanda Emerald Green Snake Chippaux & Jackson 2019 Fischer & Hinkel 1992 Hinkel & Fischer 1990 Hinkel 1996 Roelke & Smith 2010 Spawls, Howell, Drewes & Ashe 2002 Spawls, Howell, Hinkel & Menegon 2018   Philothamnus semivariegatus Variegated Bush Snake Fischer & Hinkel 1992 Spawls, Howell, Drewes & Ashe 2002 Spawls, Howell, Hinkel & Menegon 2018 Genus Rhamnophis (Dagger-tooth Tree Snakes)   Rhamnophis aethiopissa Large-eyed Green Tree Snake Broadley & Wallach 2002 Fischer & Hinkel 1992 Hinkel & Fischer 1990 Hinkel 1996 Spawls, Howell, Drewes & Ashe 2002 Spawls, Howell, Hinkel & Menegon 2018 Genus Telescopus (Afro-Asian Cat Snakes)   Telescopus semiannulatus Southern Tiger Snake Spawls, Howell, Hinkel & Menegon 2018 Genus Thelotornis (African Vine Snakes)   Thelotornis kirtlandii Northern Vine Snake Fischer & Hinkel 1992 Hinkel & Fischer 1990 Hinkel 1996 Spawls & Branch 1995 Spawls, Howell, Drewes & Ashe 2002 Spawls, Howell, Hinkel & Menegon 2018 Genus Thrasops (Black Tree Snakes)   Thrasops jacksonii Common Black Tree Snake Derleyn 1977 Hinkel & Fischer 1990 Hinkel 1996 Spawls, Howell, Drewes & Ashe 2002 Spawls, Howell, Hinkel & Menegon 2018  Family Elapidae [part 1: terrestrial species] (Cobras, Mambas, etc.) Genus Dendroaspis (Mambas)   Dendroaspis jamesonii Central African Green Mamba David & Ineich 1999 Derleyn 1977 Fischer & Hinkel 1992 Hinkel 1996 Spawls & Branch 1995 Spawls, Howell, Drewes & Ashe 2002 Spawls, Howell, Hinkel & Menegon 2018   Dendroaspis polylepis Black Mamba David & Ineich 1999 Fischer & Hinkel 1992 Spawls & Branch 1995 Spawls, Howell, Drewes & Ashe 2002 Spawls, Howell, Hinkel & Menegon 2018 Genus Elapsoidea (African Garter Snakes)   Elapsoidea loveridgei Northeastern Garter Snake Broadley 1971 Chippaux & Jackson 2019 David & Ineich 1999 Fischer & Hinkel 1992 Jakobsen 1997 Spawls & Branch 1995 Spawls, Howell, Drewes & Ashe 2002 Spawls, Howell, Hinkel & Menegon 2018 Genus Naja (Typical Cobras)   Naja annulata Ringed Water Cobra David & Ineich 1999 Fischer & Hinkel 1992 Spawls & Branch 1995   Naja nigricollis Black-necked Spitting Cobra Fischer & Hinkel 1992 Spawls & Branch 1995 Spawls, Howell, Drewes & Ashe 2002 Spawls, Howell, Hinkel & Menegon 2018 Wallach, Williams & Boundy 2014 Wuster & Broadley 2007   Naja subfulva Brown Forest Cobra David & Ineich 1999 [as N. melanoleuca] Fischer & Hinkel 1992 [as N. melanoleuca] Hinkel & Fischer 1990 [as N. melanoleuca] Hinkel 1996 [as N. melanoleuca] Spawls & Branch 1995 [as N. melanoleuca] Spawls, Howell, Drewes & Ashe 2002 [as N. melanoleuca] Spawls, Howell, Hinkel & Menegon 2018 [as N. melanoleuca] Wuster, Chirio, Trape, Ineich, Jackson, Greenbaum, Barron, Kusamba, Nagy, Storey, Hall, Wuster, Barlow & Broadley 2018 Genus Pseudohaje (Tree Cobras)   Pseudohaje goldii Central African Tree Cobra David & Ineich 1999 Golay, Smith, Broadley, Dixon, McCarthy, Rage, Schatti & Toriba 1993  Family Lamprophiidae (House Snakes, etc.) Genus Aparallactus (African Centipede Eaters)   Aparallactus capensis Cape Centipede Eater Spawls, Howell, Hinkel & Menegon 2018 Genus Atractaspis (Stiletto Snakes)   Atractaspis aterrima Western Forest Stiletto Snake David & Ineich 1999 Golay, Smith, Broadley, Dixon, McCarthy, Rage, Schatti & Toriba 1993   Atractaspis bibronii Southern Stiletto Snake Broadley 1991 David & Ineich 1999 Fischer & Hinkel 1992 Spawls, Howell, Drewes & Ashe 2002 Spawls, Howell, Hinkel & Menegon 2018 Wallach, Williams & Boundy 2014   Atractaspis irregularis Variable Stiletto Snake Broadley & Howell 1991 David & Ineich 1999 Golay, Smith, Broadley, Dixon, McCarthy, Rage, Schatti & Toriba 1993 Hinkel & Fischer 1990 Hinkel 1996 Laurent 1950 Spawls & Branch 1995 Spawls, Howell, Drewes & Ashe 2002 Spawls, Howell, Hinkel & Menegon 2018 Wallach, Williams & Boundy 2014 Genus Boaedon (Afro-Arabian House Snakes)   Boaedon fuliginosus Common African House Snake Spawls, Howell, Drewes & Ashe 2002 Spawls, Howell, Hinkel & Menegon 2018   Boaedon lineatus Lined House Snake Fischer & Hinkel 1992 Hinkel & Fischer 1990 Hinkel 1996   Boaedon montanus Kigali House Snake Trape, Mediannikov, Hinkel & Hinkel 2022   Boaedon olivaceus Olive House Snake Fischer & Hinkel 1992 Hinkel 1996 Roelke & Smith 2010 Spawls, Howell, Drewes & Ashe 2002 Spawls, Howell, Hinkel & Menegon 2018 Genus Bothrophthalmus (Red-and-Black Striped Snakes)   Bothrophthalmus lineatus Red-and-Black Striped Snake Spawls, Howell, Drewes & Ashe 2002 Spawls, Howell, Hinkel & Menegon 2018 Genus Duberria (African Slug Eaters)   Duberria shirana Shire Slug Eater Broadley & Howell 1991 [as D. lutrix atriventris] Chippaux & Jackson 2019 Fischer & Hinkel 1992 [as D. lutrix atriventris] Hinkel & Fischer 1990 [as D. lutrix atriventris] Hinkel 1996 [as D. lutrix atriventris] Spawls, Howell, Drewes & Ashe 2002 [as D. lutrix] Spawls, Howell, Hinkel & Menegon 2018 [as D. lutrix] Genus Gracililima (Black File Snake)   Gracililima nyassae Black File Snake Lanza & Broadley 2014 Lanza 1983 Genus Kladirostratus (Striped Beaked Snakes)   Kladirostratus acutus Eastern Striped Beaked Snake Chirio & Ineich 1991 Keates, Conradie, Greenbaum & Edwards 2019 Genus Limaformosa (Venus File Snakes)   Limaformosa chanleri Unicolor File Snake Broadley & Howell 1991 [as unicolor] Derleyn 1978 [as Mehelya capensis unicolor] Fischer & Hinkel 1992 [as unicolor] Hinkel 1996 [as unicolor] Lanza & Broadley 2014 Spawls, Howell, Drewes & Ashe 2002 [as unicolor] Spawls, Howell, Hinkel & Menegon 2018 Genus Lycophidion (African Wolf Snakes)   Lycophidion jacksoni Kilimanjaro Wolf Snake Broadley & Howell 1991 Broadley 1996 Fischer & Hinkel 1992 [as L. capense] Laurent 1968 Spawls, Howell, Drewes & Ashe 2002 [as L. capense] Spawls, Howell, Hinkel & Menegon 2018 [as L. capense] Trape 2021   Lycophidion ornatum Ornate Wolf Snake Broadley 1996 Fischer & Hinkel 1992 Hinkel & Fischer 1990 Hinkel 1996 Laurent 1968 Spawls, Howell, Drewes & Ashe 2002 Spawls, Howell, Hinkel & Menegon 2018 Genus Mehelya (Greater File Snakes)   Mehelya poensis Western Forest File Snake Hinkel 1996 Spawls, Howell, Hinkel & Menegon 2018 Genus Polemon (African Snake Eaters)   Polemon christyi Eastern Snake Eater Chippaux & Jackson 2019 Spawls, Howell, Drewes & Ashe 2002 Spawls, Howell, Hinkel & Menegon 2018 Witte 1941 [as P. leopoldi]   Polemon graueri Central Lakes Snake Eater Chippaux & Jackson 2019 Hinkel & Fischer 1990 Hinkel 1996 Spawls, Howell, Drewes & Ashe 2002 Spawls, Howell, Hinkel & Menegon 2018 Genus Psammophis (Old World Sand Snakes and Grass Snakes)   Psammophis mossambicus East African Olive Grass Snake Fischer & Hinkel 1992 [as P. phillipsii] Trape, Crochet, Broadley, Sourouille, Mane, Burger, Boehme, Saleh, Karan, Lanza & Mediannikov 2019 Genus Psammophylax (Skaapstekers)   Psammophylax multisquamis Kenyan Striped Skaapsteker Broadley & Howell 1991 Broadley 1976 Chippaux & Jackson 2019 Spawls, Howell, Drewes & Ashe 2002   Psammophylax variabilis Grey-bellied Skaapsteker Broadley & Howell 1991 Broadley 1976 Broadley 1977 Broadley 1983 Chippaux & Jackson 2019 Hinkel 1996 [as P. tritaeniatus subniger] Spawls, Howell, Drewes & Ashe 2002 Genus Pseudaspis (African Mole Snake)   Pseudaspis cana African Mole Snake Spawls, Howell, Drewes & Ashe 2002 Spawls, Howell, Hinkel & Menegon 2018  Family Leptotyphlopidae (Thread Snakes) Genus Leptotyphlops (Typical Thread Snakes)   Leptotyphlops emini Karagwe Thread Snake Fischer & Hinkel 1992 Hinkel 1996 McDiarmid, Campbell & Toure 1999 Spawls, Howell, Hinkel & Menegon 2018   Leptotyphlops monticolus Virunga Thread Snake Broadley & Wallach 2007   Leptotyphlops pitmani Uganda Thread Snake Adalsteinsson, Branch, Trape, Vitt & Hedges 2009 Broadley & Wallach 2007 Spawls, Howell, Hinkel & Menegon 2018 Genus Myriopholis (Many-scaled Thread Snakes)   Myriopholis cairi Egyptian Thread Snake Spawls, Howell, Drewes & Ashe 2002  Family Pythonidae (Pythons) Genus Python (Typical Pythons)   Python natalensis Southern Rock Python Spawls & Branch 1995 [as sebae]   Python sebae Northern Rock Python Broadley 1984 Fischer & Hinkel 1992 Spawls, Howell, Drewes & Ashe 2002 Spawls, Howell, Hinkel & Menegon 2018  Family Typhlopidae (Typical Blind Snakes) Genus Afrotyphlops (African Giant Blind Snakes)   Afrotyphlops angolensis Golden Blind Snake Broadley & Wallach 2009 Fischer & Hinkel 1992 Hinkel & Fischer 1990 Hinkel 1996 McDiarmid, Campbell & Toure 1999 Spawls, Howell, Drewes & Ashe 2002 Spawls, Howell, Hinkel & Menegon 2018 Wallach, Williams & Boundy 2014 Genus Letheobia (African Gracile Blind Snakes)   * Letheobia akagerae Akagera Gracile Blind Snake Dehling, Hinkel, Ensikat, Babilon & Fischer 2018  Family Viperidae (Vipers) Genus Atheris (African Bush Vipers)   Atheris nitschei Great Lakes Bush Viper Broadley & Howell 1991 Broadley 1998 David & Ineich 1999 Fischer & Hinkel 1992 Fischer & Hinkel 1994 Hinkel & Fischer 1990 Hinkel 1996 McDiarmid, Campbell & Toure 1999 Roelke & Smith 2010 Spawls & Branch 1995 Spawls, Howell, Drewes & Ashe 2002 Spawls, Howell, Hinkel & Menegon 2018 Wallach, Williams & Boundy 2014 Genus Bitis (African Adders)   Bitis arietans Common Puff Adder David & Ineich 1999 Fischer & Hinkel 1992 Hinkel & Fischer 1990 Hinkel 1996 McDiarmid, Campbell & Toure 1999 Spawls & Branch 1995 Spawls, Howell, Hinkel & Menegon 2018   Bitis gabonica Gaboon Adder Broadley & Howell 1991 Fischer & Hinkel 1992 Spawls & Branch 1995 Spawls, Howell, Drewes & Ashe 2002 Spawls, Howell, Hinkel & Menegon 2018   Bitis nasicornis African Nose-horned Viper Chippaux & Jackson 2019 David & Ineich 1999 Fischer & Hinkel 1992 Hinkel & Fischer 1990 Hinkel 1996 McDiarmid, Campbell & Toure 1999 Spawls & Branch 1995 Spawls, Howell, Drewes & Ashe 2002 Spawls, Howell, Hinkel & Menegon 2018 Genus Causus (Night Adders)   Causus bilineatus Two-striped Night Adder Chippaux & Jackson 2019 David & Ineich 1999 Rasmussen 2005 Spawls & Branch 1995 Spawls, Howell, Drewes & Ashe 2002 Spawls, Howell, Hinkel & Menegon 2018   Causus resimus Green Night Adder Broadley & Howell 1991 David & Ineich 1999 Fischer & Hinkel 1992 Spawls & Branch 1995 Spawls, Howell, Drewes & Ashe 2002 Spawls, Howell, Hinkel & Menegon 2018   Causus rhombeatus Rhombic Night Adder David & Ineich 1999 Fischer & Hinkel 1992 Rasmussen 2005 Spawls & Branch 1995 Spawls, Howell, Drewes & Ashe 2002 Spawls, Howell, Hinkel & Menegon 2018

	Turtles (Testudines)
	= endemicEX = extinct or assumed extinct Species References  Family Pelomedusidae (African Side-necked Turtles) Genus Pelomedusa (African Helmeted Turtles)   Pelomedusa neumanni Kenyan Helmeted Turtle Rhodin, Iverson, Bour, Fritz, Georges, Shaffer & Dijk 2021 Genus Pelusios (African Mud Turtles)   Pelusios rhodesianus Zambian Mud Turtle Broadley & Boycott 2008 King & Burke 1989 Rhodin, Iverson, Bour, Fritz, Georges, Shaffer & Dijk 2021 Spawls, Howell, Drewes & Ashe 2002 Spawls, Howell, Hinkel & Menegon 2018   Pelusios sinuatus East African Serrated Mud Turtle Broadley & Boycott 2009 King & Burke 1989 Rhodin, Iverson, Bour, Fritz, Georges, Shaffer & Dijk 2021   Pelusios subniger East African Black Mud Turtle Fischer & Hinkel 1992   Pelusios williamsi Lake Victoria Mud Turtle Rhodin, Iverson, Bour, Fritz, Georges, Shaffer & Dijk 2021 Spawls, Howell, Hinkel & Menegon 2018  Family Testudinidae (Tortoises) Genus Kinixys (Hinge-back Tortoises)   Kinixys belliana Central African Hinge-back Tortoise Rhodin, Iverson, Bour, Fritz, Georges, Shaffer & Dijk 2021 Spawls, Howell, Hinkel & Menegon 2018   Kinixys nogueyi Western Savanna Hinge-back Tortoise Fischer & Hinkel 1992 [as belliana] McCord, Joseph-Ouni & Tabaka 2005 [as belliana] Spawls, Howell, Drewes & Ashe 2002 [as belliana]   Kinixys spekii Eastern Savanna Hinge-back Tortoise Hailey, Broadley, Boycott & Spawls 2021 Ihlow, Farooq, Gvozdik, Hofmeyr, Conradie, Campbell, Harvey, Verburgt & Fritz 2019 Rhodin, Iverson, Bour, Fritz, Georges, Shaffer & Dijk 2021 Spawls, Howell, Hinkel & Menegon 2018 Genus Stigmochelys (Leopard Tortoise)   Stigmochelys pardalis Leopard Tortoise Rhodin, Iverson, Bour, Fritz, Georges, Shaffer & Dijk 2021