Reptiles of Ethiopia    Bibliography of the reptiles of Ethiopia Taxonomic history of the reptiles of Ethiopia Introduced species

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Citation: Midtgaard, Rune. RepFocus - A Survey of the Reptiles of the World. www.repfocus.dk (Compilation date: 14th April, 2023).

Checklist General remarks: The list includes only formally described species. Newly discovered, but still unnamed species are excluded. However, unnamed species or species unassigned to species level are included, if they are the only representatives of their genus in the region. Species counts exclude extinct and introduced species. Doubtful records, typically older voucher specimens of uncertain origin, have been excluded if considered questionable, as are records based on sources considered unreliable or controversial. Note: Your comments to the checklist (omissions, errors, etc.) are welcomed, preferably if they are provided with reliable references. If possible, please attach a pdf file of the relevant reference to an email addressed to:

	Worm Lizards (Amphisbaenia)
	= endemicEX = extinct or assumed extinct Species References  Family Trogonophidae (Short-headed Worm Lizards) Genus Agamodon (Chisel-headed Worm Lizards)   Agamodon anguliceps Southern Somali Chisel-headed Worm Lizard Gans 1960 Gans 2005

	Crocodilians (Crocodylia)
	= endemicEX = extinct or assumed extinct Species References  Family Crocodylidae (Crocodiles) Genus Crocodylus (Typical Crocodiles)   Crocodylus niloticus Nile Crocodile Fuchs, Mertens & Wermuth 1974 King & Burke 1989 Largen & Spawls 2010 Largen 1997 Wermuth & Mertens 1977

	Lizards (Sauria)
	= endemicEX = extinct or assumed extinct Species References  Family Agamidae (Agamas and Dragons) Genus Acanthocercus (Ridgeback Agamas)   Acanthocercus annectans Eritrean Ridgeback Agama Largen & Spawls 2006 Largen & Spawls 2010 Largen 1997 Parker 1942   Acanthocercus cyanogaster Blue-bellied Ridgeback Agama Largen & Spawls 2006 Largen & Spawls 2010 Largen 1997 Parker 1942 Wagner, Greenbaum, Bauer, Kusamba & Leache 2018 Wermuth 1967   Acanthocercus gregorii Kenyan Ridgeback Agama Wagner, Butler, Ceriaco & Bauer 2021 Wagner, Greenbaum & Bauer 2012 Wagner, Greenbaum, Bauer, Kusamba & Leache 2018   Acanthocercus guentherpetersi Harar Ridgeback Agama Largen & Spawls 2006 Largen & Spawls 2010   Acanthocercus minutus Shewa Ridgeback Agama Klausewitz 1957 Wagner, Butler, Ceriaco & Bauer 2021 Wagner, Greenbaum & Bauer 2012 Wagner, Greenbaum, Bauer, Kusamba & Leache 2018 Wermuth 1967 Genus Agama (Typical Agamas)   Agama agama Common Rainbow Agama Leache, Grummer, Miller, Krishnan, Fujita, Böhme, Schmitz, LeBreton, Ineich, Chirio, Ofori-boateng, Eniang, Greenbaum, Rödel & Wagner 2016 [as A. picticauda] Spawls, Mazuch & Mohammad 2023 [as A. f. leucerythrolaema] Wagner, Freund, Modry, Schmitz & Böhme 2011 [as A. f. leucerythrolaema]   Agama bottegi Lugh Agama Spawls, Mazuch & Mohammad 2023 Wagner, Leache, Mazuch & Böhme 2013   Agama doriae Nigerian Agama Largen & Spawls 2006 Largen & Spawls 2010 Largen 1997 Moody & Böhme 1984 Spawls, Mazuch & Mohammad 2023   Agama lionotus Kenyan Rock Agama Spawls, Mazuch & Mohammad 2023   * Agama lucyae Wollega Agama Spawls, Mazuch & Mohammad 2023 Wagner & Bauer 2011   Agama persimilis Somali Painted Agama Lanza 1990 Largen & Spawls 2006 Largen & Spawls 2010 Spawls, Mazuch & Mohammad 2023 Wagner & Bauer 2011   Agama robecchii Somaliland Agama Largen & Spawls 2006 Largen & Spawls 2010 Spawls, Mazuch & Mohammad 2023   Agama rueppelli Arboreal Agama Lanza 1972 Lanza 1990 Largen & Spawls 2006 Largen & Spawls 2010 Spawls, Mazuch & Mohammad 2023 Wagner & Bauer 2011 Wermuth 1967   Agama smithi Shebeli Agama Spawls, Mazuch & Mohammad 2023 Wagner, Leache, Mazuch & Böhme 2013   Agama spinosa Egyptian Agama Geniez, Padial & Crochet 2011 Largen & Spawls 2006 Largen & Spawls 2010 Sindaco & Jeremchenko 2008 Spawls, Mazuch & Mohammad 2023 Wagner, Leache, Mazuch & Böhme 2013 Genus Uromastyx (Western Spiny-tailed Agamas)   Uromastyx ocellata Ocellated Spiny-tailed Agama Lanza 1990 Largen & Spawls 2006 Largen & Spawls 2010 Schatti & Gasperetti 1994 Wilms, Boehme, Wagner, Lutzmann & Schmitz 2009 Genus Xenagama (Shield-tailed Agamas)   Xenagama taylori Haud Shield-tailed Agama Boehme & Kirschner 2002 Largen & Spawls 2006 Largen & Spawls 2010 Wagner, Mazuch & Bauer 2013   Xenagama wilmsi Jijiga Shield-tailed Agama Boehme & Kirschner 2002 [as batillifera] Lanza 1990 [as batillifera] Largen & Spawls 2006 [as batillifera] Largen & Spawls 2010 [as batillifera] Wagner, Mazuch & Bauer 2013   * Xenagama zonura Ethiopian Ridgeback Agama Largen & Spawls 2006 Largen & Spawls 2010 Wagner, Mazuch & Bauer 2013  Family Chamaeleonidae (Chameleons) Genus Chamaeleo (Typical Chameleons)   Chamaeleo calcaricarens Spurless Basilisk Chameleon Glaw 2015 Grandison 1956 [as africanus] Largen & Spawls 2006 [as africanus] Largen & Spawls 2010 Largen 1997 [as africanus] Parker 1942 [as basiliscus] Tilbury 2010   Chamaeleo dilepis Flap-necked Chameleon Chirio & LeBreton 2007 Glaw 2015 Klaver & Boehme 1997 Lanza 1990 Largen & Spawls 2006 Largen & Spawls 2010 Tilbury 2010   Chamaeleo gracilis Graceful Chameleon Glaw 2015 Grandison 1956 Klaver & Boehme 1997 Lanza 1990 Largen & Spawls 2006 Largen & Spawls 2010 Tilbury 2010   Chamaeleo laevigatus Smooth Chameleon Glaw 2015 Largen & Spawls 2006 Largen & Spawls 2010 Largen 1997 Tilbury 2010 Genus Rieppeleon (Short-tailed Leaf Chameleons)   Rieppeleon kerstenii Kenya Leaf Chameleon Glaw 2015 Largen & Spawls 2006 Largen & Spawls 2010 Tilbury 2010 Genus Trioceros (Equatorial Chameleons)   * Trioceros affinis Ethiopian Mountain Chameleon Glaw 2015 Klaver & Boehme 1997 Largen & Spawls 2006 Largen & Spawls 2010 Tilbury 2010   * Trioceros balebicornutus Bale Mountains Two-horned Chameleon Glaw 2015 Largen & Spawls 2006 Largen & Spawls 2010 Tilbury 1998 Tilbury 2010   Trioceros bitaeniatus Two-striped Chameleon Broadley & Howell 1991 Glaw 2015 Klaver & Boehme 1997 Largen & Spawls 2006 Largen & Spawls 2010 Loveridge 1957 Tilbury 2010   * Trioceros harennae Harenna Hornless Chameleon Glaw 2015 Klaver & Boehme 1997 Largen & Spawls 2006 Largen & Spawls 2010 Necas 2004 Tilbury 2010   * Trioceros wolfgangboehmei Dinsho Mountain Chameleon Koppetsch, Necas & Wipfler 2021  Family Cordylidae (Girdled Lizards) Genus Cordylus (Girdled Lizards)   * Cordylus rivae Ethiopian Girdled Lizard Boulenger 1896 Broadley & Branch 2002 Largen & Spawls 2006 Largen & Spawls 2010  Family Eublepharidae (Eyelid Geckos) Genus Hemitheconyx (African Fat-tailed Geckos)   Hemitheconyx taylori East African Fat-tailed Gecko Largen & Spawls 2006 Largen & Spawls 2010 Seufer, Kaverkin & Kirschner (eds.) 2005 Genus Holodactylus (East African Clawed Geckos)   Holodactylus africanus Masai Clawed Gecko Lanza 1990 Largen & Spawls 2006 Largen & Spawls 2010 Loveridge 1947 Loveridge 1957  Family Gekkonidae (Typical Geckos) Genus Ancylodactylus (African Rock and Forest Geckos)   Ancylodactylus dickersonae Ituri Four-lined Forest Gecko Hinkel 1996 Largen & Spawls 2006 Largen & Spawls 2010 Perret 1986 Spawls, Beraduccii & Malonza 2021 Spawls, Howell, Hinkel & Menegon 2018 Genus Cyrtopodion (Palearctic Bent-toed Geckos)   Cyrtopodion scabrum Keeled Rock Gecko Arnold 1986 Leviton & Anderson 1970 Leviton, Anderson, Adler & Minton 1992 Loveridge 1947 Szczerbak & Golubev 1996 Genus Hemidactylus (Half-toed Geckos)   Hemidactylus afarensis Afar Half-toed Gecko Carranza & Arnold 2012 [as H. sinaitus] Lanza 1972 [as H. sinaitus] Lanza 1990 [as H. sinaitus] Largen & Spawls 2006 [as H. sinaitus] Largen & Spawls 2010 [as H. sinaitus] Sindaco & Jeremchenko 2008 [as H. sinaitus] Smid, Mazuch, Novakova, Modry, Malonza, Elmi, Carranza & Moravec 2020   Hemidactylus albopunctatus White-spotted Half-toed Gecko Largen & Spawls 2006 Largen & Spawls 2010 Smid, Mazuch, Novakova, Modry, Malonza, Elmi, Carranza & Moravec 2020   Hemidactylus angulatus West African House Gecko Largen & Spawls 2006 Largen & Spawls 2010 [as brookii] Largen 1997 [as brookii] Loveridge 1947   * Hemidactylus awashensis Awash Half-toed Gecko Smid, Moravec, Kratochvil, Nasher, Masuch, Gvozdik & Carranza 2015   Hemidactylus barodanus Libar Half-toed Gecko Lanza 1990 Largen & Spawls 2006 Largen & Spawls 2010 Loveridge 1947 Parker 1942 Wermuth 1965   Hemidactylus curlei Borama Half-toed Gecko Largen & Spawls 2006 Largen & Spawls 2010 Smid, Mazuch, Novakova, Modry, Malonza, Elmi, Carranza & Moravec 2020   Hemidactylus fragilis Bur Meldac Half-toed Gecko Mazuch, Smid & Bauer 2016   Hemidactylus funaiolii Archer's Post Gecko Smid, Mazuch, Novakova, Modry, Malonza, Elmi, Carranza & Moravec 2020   Hemidactylus isolepis Ethiopian Even-scaled Gecko Lanza 1990 Largen & Spawls 2006 Largen & Spawls 2010 Loveridge 1947 Loveridge 1957 Parker 1942 Smid, Mazuch, Novakova, Modry, Malonza, Elmi, Carranza & Moravec 2020 Wermuth 1965   * Hemidactylus jubensis Juba Half-toed Gecko Largen & Spawls 2006 Largen & Spawls 2010 Loveridge 1947 Wermuth 1965   Hemidactylus lanzai Lake Chew Bahir Half-toed Gecko Smid, Mazuch, Novakova, Modry, Malonza, Elmi, Carranza & Moravec 2020   Hemidactylus laticaudatus Broad-tailed Half-toed Gecko Largen & Spawls 2006 Largen & Spawls 2010 Largen 1997 Loveridge 1947 Mazuch, Smid & Bauer 2016 Wermuth 1965   Hemidactylus macropholis Large-scaled Warty Gecko Lanza 1972 Lanza 1990 Largen & Spawls 2006 Largen & Spawls 2010 Largen 1997 Loveridge 1947 Loveridge 1957 Wermuth 1965   * Hemidactylus ophiolepis Awash Imbricate-scaled Gecko Lanza 1972 Largen & Spawls 2006 Largen & Spawls 2010 Loveridge 1947 Parker 1942 Smid, Mazuch, Novakova, Modry, Malonza, Elmi, Carranza & Moravec 2020 Wermuth 1965   Hemidactylus ophiolepoides Eastern Snake-scaled Gecko Largen & Spawls 2006 Largen & Spawls 2010   Hemidactylus pauciporosus Galgala Half-toed Gecko Largen & Spawls 2006 [as yerburii] Largen & Spawls 2010 [as yerburii]   Hemidactylus platycephalus Flat-headed Tropical House Gecko Largen & Spawls 2006 Largen & Spawls 2010   Hemidactylus robustus Red Sea Half-toed Gecko Carranza & Arnold 2012 Largen & Spawls 2006 Largen & Spawls 2010 Loveridge 1947 [as turcicus] Sindaco & Jeremchenko 2008   Hemidactylus ruspolii Turnip-tailed Black-and-Yellow Gecko Lanza 1990 Largen & Spawls 2006 Largen & Spawls 2010 Loveridge 1947 Loveridge 1957 Wermuth 1965   Hemidactylus smithi Shebeli Half-toed Gecko Lanza 1990 Largen & Spawls 2006 Largen & Spawls 2010 Loveridge 1947 Wermuth 1965   Hemidactylus somalicus Somali Half-toed Gecko Largen & Spawls 2006 Largen & Spawls 2010   Hemidactylus squamulatus Nyika Half-toed Gecko Largen & Spawls 2006 Largen & Spawls 2010 Smid, Mazuch, Novakova, Modry, Malonza, Elmi, Carranza & Moravec 2020   Hemidactylus tropidolepis Ogaden Half-toed Gecko Lanza 1990 Largen & Spawls 2006 Largen & Spawls 2010 Genus Homopholis (African Velvet Geckos)   Homopholis fasciata Banded Velvet Gecko Broadley, Jackman & Bauer 2014 Lanza 1990 Largen & Spawls 2006 Largen & Spawls 2010 Loveridge 1947 Wermuth 1965 Genus Lygodactylus (African-Neotropical Dwarf Geckos)   Lygodactylus grandisonae Murri Dwarf Gecko Largen & Spawls 2006 Largen & Spawls 2010 Spawls, Howell, Drewes & Ashe 2002   Lygodactylus gutturalis Chevron-throated Dwarf Gecko Lanza 1990 Largen & Spawls 2006 Largen & Spawls 2010   Lygodactylus keniensis Kenya Dwarf Gecko Largen & Spawls 2006 Largen & Spawls 2010 Loveridge 1947   Lygodactylus scorteccii Somali Painted Dwarf Gecko Largen & Spawls 2010 Genus Tropiocolotes (Afro-Asian Desert Dwarf Geckos)   Tropiocolotes somalicus Somali Dwarf Gecko Largen & Spawls 2006 Largen & Spawls 2010  Family Gerrhosauridae (Plated Lizards) Genus Broadleysaurus (Rough-scaled Plated Lizard)   Broadleysaurus major Rough-scaled Plated Lizard Bates, Tolley, Edwards, Davids, Silva & Branch 2013 Broadley 1987 Lanza 1990 Largen & Spawls 2006 Largen & Spawls 2010 Loveridge 1957 Parker 1942 Wermuth 1968 Genus Gerrhosaurus (Typical Plated Lizards)   Gerrhosaurus flavigularis Yellow-throated Plated Lizard Broadley & Howell 1991 Lanza 1990 Largen & Spawls 2006 Largen & Spawls 2010 Loveridge 1957 Wermuth 1968  Family Lacertidae (Typical Lizards) Genus Heliobolus (Bushveld Lizards)   Heliobolus neumanni Ethiopian Bushveld Lizard Broadley & Howell 1991 Largen & Spawls 2006 Largen & Spawls 2010 Loveridge 1957   Heliobolus spekii East African Bushveld Lizard Lanza 1990 Largen & Spawls 2006 Largen & Spawls 2010 Parker 1942 Genus Latastia (African Long-tailed Lizards)   Latastia boscai Eritrean Long-tailed Lizard Bischoff 1991 Lanza 1990 Largen & Spawls 2006 Largen & Spawls 2010 Largen 1997 Parker 1942   Latastia caeruleopunctata Blue-spotted Long-tailed Lizard Bischoff 1991 Lanza 1990 Largen & Spawls 2006 Largen & Spawls 2010   Latastia doriai Adal Long-tailed Lizard Bischoff 1991 Lanza 1990 Largen & Spawls 2006 Largen & Spawls 2010 Largen 1997   Latastia longicaudata Common Long-tailed Lizard Bischoff 1991 Broadley & Howell 1991 Lanza 1972 Largen & Spawls 2006 Largen & Spawls 2010 Largen 1997 Loveridge 1957 Genus Mesalina (Afro-Asian Desert Lizards)   Mesalina martini Red Sea Desert Lizard Largen & Spawls 2006 Largen & Spawls 2010 Genus Philochortus (Shield-backed Ground Lizards)   Philochortus hardeggeri Ethiopian Shield-backed Ground Lizard Lanza 1990 Largen & Spawls 2006 Largen & Spawls 2010   Philochortus intermedius Northern Shield-backed Ground Lizard Lanza 1990 Largen & Spawls 2006 Largen & Spawls 2010   Philochortus phillipsii Somali Shield-backed Ground Lizard Lanza 1972 Largen & Spawls 2006 Largen & Spawls 2010   Philochortus rudolfensis Turkana Shield-backed Ground Lizard Largen & Spawls 2006 Largen & Spawls 2010   Philochortus spinalis Eritrean Shield-backed Ground Lizard Lanza 1990 Largen & Spawls 2006 Largen & Spawls 2010 Largen 1997 Papenfuss 1969 Parker 1942 Genus Pseuderemias (Sand Runners)   Pseuderemias brenneri Barawa Sand Runner Largen & Spawls 2006 Largen & Spawls 2010 Largen 1997   Pseuderemias mucronata Anseba Sand Runner Berre 1989 Largen & Spawls 2006 Largen & Spawls 2010 Largen 1997 Parker 1942 Sindaco & Jeremchenko 2008   Pseuderemias smithi Ethiopian Sand Runner Lanza 1990 Largen & Spawls 2006 Largen & Spawls 2010 Loveridge 1957   Pseuderemias striata Striped Sand Runner Lanza 1990 Largen & Spawls 2006 Largen & Spawls 2010  Family Phyllodactylidae (Leaf-toed Geckos) Genus Ptyodactylus (Fan-toed Geckos)   Ptyodactylus ragazzii Eritrean Fan-toed Gecko Grandison 1956 [as P. h. hasselquistii] Heimes 1987 Lanza 1990 Largen & Spawls 2006 Largen & Spawls 2010 Largen 1997 [as P. hasselquistii] Loveridge 1947 [as P. h. hasselquistii] Metallinou, Cervenka, Crochet, Kratochvil, Wilms, Geniez, Shobrak, Brito & Carranza 2015 Parker 1942 [as P. hasselquistii] Sindaco & Jeremchenko 2008 Genus Tarentola (Wall Geckos)   Tarentola annularis Egyptian White-spotted Gecko Joger 1984 Lanza 1972 Largen & Spawls 2006 Largen & Spawls 2010 Largen 1997 Parker 1942 Schleich, Kastle & Kabisch 1996 Sindaco & Jeremchenko 2008  Family Scincidae (Skinks) Genus Chalcides (Cylindrical Skinks)   Chalcides bottegi Ethiopian Cylindrical Skink Carranza, Arnold, Geniez, Roca & Mateo 2008 Greenbaum, Campbell & Raxworthy 2006   Chalcides ocellatus Mediterranean Ocellated Skink Lanza 1972 Largen & Spawls 2006 Largen & Spawls 2010 Largen 1997   Chalcides ragazzii Eritrean Cylindrical Skink Carranza, Arnold, Geniez, Roca & Mateo 2008 Greenbaum 2005 Greenbaum, Campbell & Raxworthy 2006 Largen & Spawls 2006 Largen & Spawls 2010 Largen 1997 Genus Mochlus (African Supple Skinks)   Mochlus paedocarinatus Abyssinian Supple Skink Lanza 1990 Largen & Spawls 2006 Largen & Spawls 2010   Mochlus somalicus Somali Savanna Supple Skink Largen & Spawls 2006 Largen & Spawls 2010   Mochlus sundevallii Common Savanna Supple Skink Broadley 1966 Broadley 1994 Lanza 1990 Largen & Spawls 2006 Largen & Spawls 2010 Parker 1942   Mochlus vinciguerrae Lugh Supple Skink Largen & Spawls 2006 Largen & Spawls 2010 Genus Panaspis (African Snake-eyed Skinks)   * Panaspis annettesabinae Oromia Snake-eyed Skink Colston, Pyron & Bauer 2020   * Panaspis tancredii Dabarif Snake-eyed Skink Broadley & Cotterill 2004 Colston, Pyron & Bauer 2020 Fuhn 1970 Largen & Spawls 2006 Largen & Spawls 2010   Panaspis wahlbergii Savanna Snake-eyed Skink Broadley & Howell 1991 Jacobsen & Broadley 2000 Lanza 1990 Largen & Spawls 2006 Largen & Spawls 2010 Loveridge 1957 Parker 1942 Genus Trachylepis (African-American Grass and Forest Skinks)   * Trachylepis boehmei Amhara Skink Koppetsch 2020   Trachylepis brevicollis Short-necked Skink Broadley & Howell 1991 Lanza 1972 Largen & Spawls 2006 Largen & Spawls 2010 Largen 1997 Loveridge 1957 Parker 1942 Sindaco & Jeremchenko 2008 Spawls, Howell, Hinkel & Menegon 2018   Trachylepis dichroma Tanzanian Short-necked Skink Spawls, Howell, Hinkel & Menegon 2018   Trachylepis hildebrandtii Barawa Skink Koppetsch 2020 Largen & Spawls 2006 Largen & Spawls 2010   Trachylepis isselii Eritrean Mountain Grass Skink Koppetsch 2020 Largen & Spawls 2006 Largen & Spawls 2010 Largen 1997   Trachylepis maculilabris Common Speckled-lipped Skink Largen & Spawls 2006 Largen & Spawls 2010   Trachylepis megalura Grass-top Skink Broadley & Howell 1991 Broadley 2000 Kirschey 2017 [as wingati] Koppetsch 2020 Largen & Spawls 2006 Largen & Spawls 2010 Loveridge 1957 Marques, Ceriaco, Bandeira, Pauwels & Bauer 2019   Trachylepis planifrons Teita Skink Broadley & Howell 1991 Koppetsch 2020 Lanza 1990 Largen & Spawls 2006 Largen & Spawls 2010 Loveridge 1957 Parker 1942   Trachylepis quinquetaeniata African Five-lined Skink Koppetsch 2020 Lanza 1972 Largen & Spawls 2006 Largen & Spawls 2010 Largen 1997 Parker 1942   Trachylepis striata Eastern Striped Skink Broadley & Howell 1991 Broadley 1977 Broadley 2000 Lanza 1972 Largen & Spawls 2006 Largen & Spawls 2010 Loveridge 1957 Parker 1942   Trachylepis varia Savanna Variable Skink Lanza 1972 Largen & Spawls 2006 Largen & Spawls 2010 Parker 1942   Trachylepis wingatii Sudan Grass Skink Koppetsch 2020 Largen & Spawls 2006 Largen & Spawls 2010 Werner 1908  Family Sphaerodactylidae (Least Geckos, etc.) Genus Pristurus (Semaphore Geckos)   Pristurus crucifer Cross-marked Semaphore Gecko Arnold 2009 Lanza 1990 Largen & Spawls 2006 Largen & Spawls 2010 Largen 1997 Loveridge 1947 Parker 1942 Sindaco & Jeremchenko 2008 Wermuth 1965   Pristurus flavipunctatus Yellow-spotted Semaphore Gecko Arnold 1993 Arnold 2009 Lanza 1990 Largen & Spawls 2006 Largen & Spawls 2010 Largen 1997 Loveridge 1947 Parker 1942 Sindaco & Jeremchenko 2008 Wermuth 1965   Pristurus rupestris Rock Semaphore Gecko Arnold 1993 Largen & Spawls 2006 Largen & Spawls 2010   Pristurus somalicus Somali Coastal Semaphore Gecko Largen & Spawls 2006 Largen & Spawls 2010  Family Varanidae (Monitor Lizards) Genus Varanus (Monitor Lizards)   Varanus albigularis White-throated Monitor Broadley & Howell 1991 Largen & Spawls 2006 Largen & Spawls 2010 Loveridge 1957 Mertens 1963   Varanus exanthematicus Western Savanna Monitor Bayless 2002 Lanza 1972 Largen 1997 Parker 1942 [as V. ocellatus]   Varanus niloticus Nile Monitor Bayless 2002 Largen & Spawls 2006 Largen & Spawls 2010 Largen 1997

	Snakes (Serpentes)
	= endemicEX = extinct or assumed extinct Species References  Family Boidae (Typical Boas) Genus Eryx (Sand Boas)   Eryx colubrinus East African Sand Boa Gasperetti 1988 Gruber 1989 Largen & Rasmussen 1993 Largen & Spawls 2010 Largen 1997 McDiarmid, Campbell & Toure 1999 Sindaco, Venchi & Grieco 2013 Stimson 1969   Eryx somalicus Southern Somali Sand Boa Largen & Spawls 2010  Family Colubridae (Typical Snakes or Colubrids) Genus Aeluroglena (Somali Hooded Snake)   Aeluroglena cucullata Somali Hooded Snake Largen & Spawls 2010 Wallach, Williams & Boundy 2014 Genus Crotaphopeltis (Herald Snakes)   Crotaphopeltis degeni Yellow-flanked Herald Snake Largen & Rasmussen 1993 Largen & Spawls 2010 Rasmussen 1985 Rasmussen, Chirio & Ineich 2000   Crotaphopeltis hotamboeia Common Herald Snake Largen & Rasmussen 1993 Largen & Spawls 2010 Largen 1997 Genus Dasypeltis (African Egg Eaters)   Dasypeltis abyssina Ethiopian Egg Eater Bates & Broadley 2018 Trape, Mediannikov & Trape 2012   Dasypeltis atra Forest Egg Eater Bates & Broadley 2018 Broadley & Howell 1991 Largen & Spawls 2010   Dasypeltis confusa Diamondback Egg Eater Bates & Broadley 2018   Dasypeltis scabra Common African Egg Eater Bates & Broadley 2018 Broadley 1983 Doucet 1963 Gans 1959 Largen & Rasmussen 1993 Largen & Spawls 2010 Largen 1997 Loveridge 1957 Genus Dispholidus (Boomslangs)   Dispholidus sp. (Boomslang) David & Ineich 1999 [as D. typus] Largen & Rasmussen 1993 [as D. typus] Largen & Spawls 2010 [as D. typus] Largen 1997 [as D. typus] Papenfuss 1969 [as D. typus] Spawls & Branch 1995 [as D. typus] Genus Grayia (Equatorial African Water Snakes)   Grayia tholloni Nandi Water Snake Largen & Rasmussen 1993 Largen & Spawls 2010 Genus Meizodon (African Smooth Snakes)   Meizodon plumbiceps Black-headed Smooth Snake Lanza 1983 Largen & Rasmussen 1993 Largen & Spawls 2010   Meizodon regularis East African Crowned Smooth Snake Largen & Rasmussen 1993 Largen & Spawls 2010 Schatti 1985   Meizodon semiornatus Semi-ornate Smooth Snake Largen & Rasmussen 1993 Largen & Spawls 2010 Schatti 1985 Genus Natriciteres (African Marsh Snakes)   Natriciteres olivacea Olive Marsh Snake Largen & Rasmussen 1993 Largen & Spawls 2010 Genus Philothamnus (African Green Snakes)   Philothamnus battersbyi Northeastern Green Snake Broadley & Howell 1991 Lanza 1983 Largen & Rasmussen 1993 Largen & Spawls 2010 Loveridge 1957 Stander 2021   Philothamnus bequaerti Uganda Green Snake Largen & Rasmussen 1993 Largen & Spawls 2010   Philothamnus heterolepidotus Slender Green Snake Largen & Rasmussen 1993 Largen & Spawls 2010   Philothamnus punctatus Speckled Green Snake Largen & Rasmussen 1993 Largen & Spawls 2010   Philothamnus semivariegatus Variegated Bush Snake Hughes & Barry 1969 Largen & Rasmussen 1993 Largen & Spawls 2010 Largen 1997 Genus Platyceps (Flat-headed Whip Snakes)   Platyceps brevis Somali Dwarf Whip Snake Largen & Rasmussen 1993 Largen & Spawls 2010 Loveridge 1957 Schatti & Charvet 2003 Schatti 1988   Platyceps florulentus Egyptian Whip Snake Lanza 1983 Largen & Rasmussen 1993 Largen & Spawls 2010 Largen 1997 Schatti 1988 Sindaco, Venchi & Grieco 2013   Platyceps rhodorachis Wadi Whip Snake Lanza 1990 Largen & Rasmussen 1993 Largen & Spawls 2010 Largen 1997 Perry 2012 Sindaco, Venchi & Grieco 2013   * Platyceps somalicus Ogaden Whip Snake Largen & Rasmussen 1993 Largen & Spawls 2010   Platyceps taylori Somali Whip Snake Lanza 1990 Largen & Rasmussen 1993 Largen & Spawls 2010 Largen 1997 Schatti 1988 Genus Scaphiophis (African Hook-nosed Snakes)   Scaphiophis raffreyi Ethiopian Hook-nosed Snake Broadley 1994 Largen & Rasmussen 1993 [as S. albopunctatus] Largen & Spawls 2010 Largen 1997 Genus Telescopus (Afro-Asian Cat Snakes)   Telescopus obtusus Egyptian Cat Snake Crochet, Rasmussen, Wilms, Geniez, Trape & Boehme 2008 Largen & Rasmussen 1993 [as dhara] Largen & Spawls 2010 [as dhara] Largen 1997 [as dhara] Sindaco, Venchi & Grieco 2013 [as dhara] Spawls, Malonza & Beraduccii 2021   Telescopus pulcher Somali Cat Snake Largen & Spawls 2010 [Ethiopia-Somalia border] Mazuch, Smid, Price, Frydlova, Awale, Elmi & Frynta 2018 [Ethiopia-Somalia border]  Family Elapidae [part 1: terrestrial species] (Cobras, Mambas, etc.) Genus Dendroaspis (Mambas)   Dendroaspis polylepis Black Mamba David & Ineich 1999 Haakansson & Madsen 1983 Lanza 1990 Largen & Rasmussen 1993 Largen & Spawls 2010 Largen 1997 Loveridge 1957 Spawls & Branch 1995 Genus Elapsoidea (African Garter Snakes)   Elapsoidea loveridgei Northeastern Garter Snake Broadley 1971 David & Ineich 1999 Jakobsen 1997 Lanza 1990 Largen & Rasmussen 1993 Largen & Spawls 2010 Spawls & Branch 1995 Genus Naja (Typical Cobras)   Naja ashei East African Spitting Cobra Largen & Spawls 2010 Wallach, Williams & Boundy 2014 Wuster & Broadley 2007   Naja haje Egyptian Cobra Largen & Rasmussen 1993 Largen & Spawls 2010 Largen 1997 Sindaco, Venchi & Grieco 2013 Spawls & Branch 1995 Trape, Chirio, Broadley & Wuster 2009   Naja nigricollis Black-necked Spitting Cobra Largen & Spawls 2010 Wallach, Williams & Boundy 2014 Wuster & Broadley 2007   Naja pallida Eastern Pallid Spitting Cobra Broadley & Howell 1991 Largen & Rasmussen 1993 Largen & Spawls 2010 Largen 1997 Spawls & Branch 1995 Wallach, Williams & Boundy 2014   Naja subfulva Brown Forest Cobra Broadley & Howell 1991 [as N. melanoleuca] Broadley 1968 [as N. melanoleuca] Broadley 1983 [as N. melanoleuca] David & Ineich 1999 [as N. melanoleuca] Lanza 1983 [as N. melanoleuca] Largen & Rasmussen 1993 [as N. melanoleuca] Largen & Spawls 2010 [as N. melanoleuca] Spawls & Branch 1995 [as N. melanoleuca] Wuster, Chirio, Trape, Ineich, Jackson, Greenbaum, Barron, Kusamba, Nagy, Storey, Hall, Wuster, Barlow & Broadley 2018  Family Lamprophiidae (House Snakes, etc.) Genus Aparallactus (African Centipede Eaters)   Aparallactus jacksonii Sudan Centipede Eater Broadley & Howell 1991 Lanza 1983 Largen & Rasmussen 1993 Largen & Spawls 2010 Loveridge 1957 Wallach, Williams & Boundy 2014   Aparallactus lunulatus Reticulated Centipede Eater Broadley & Howell 1991 Largen & Rasmussen 1993 Largen & Spawls 2010 Largen 1997 Wallach, Williams & Boundy 2014 Genus Atractaspis (Stiletto Snakes)   Atractaspis fallax False Stiletto Snake David & Ineich 1999 Golay, Smith, Broadley, Dixon, McCarthy, Rage, Schatti & Toriba 1993 Lanza 1990 Largen & Rasmussen 1993 Laurent 1950 Wallach, Williams & Boundy 2014   Atractaspis irregularis Variable Stiletto Snake David & Ineich 1999 Golay, Smith, Broadley, Dixon, McCarthy, Rage, Schatti & Toriba 1993 Largen & Rasmussen 1993 Largen & Spawls 2010 Largen 1997 Spawls & Branch 1995 Wallach, Williams & Boundy 2014   Atractaspis leucomelas Ogaden Stiletto Snake David & Ineich 1999 Golay, Smith, Broadley, Dixon, McCarthy, Rage, Schatti & Toriba 1993 Lanza 1990 Largen & Rasmussen 1993 Largen & Spawls 2010 Laurent 1950 Spawls & Branch 1995 Wallach, Williams & Boundy 2014   Atractaspis magrettii Mandafena Stiletto Snake Golay, Smith, Broadley, Dixon, McCarthy, Rage, Schatti & Toriba 1993 Largen & Rasmussen 1993 Largen & Spawls 2010 [as A. microlepidota] Spawls & Branch 1995 [as A. microlepidota] Wallach, Williams & Boundy 2014   Atractaspis scorteccii Somali Stiletto Snake David & Ineich 1999 Lanza 1990 Largen & Rasmussen 1993 Largen & Spawls 2010 Spawls & Branch 1995 Wallach, Williams & Boundy 2014 Genus Boaedon (Afro-Arabian House Snakes)   * Boaedon abyssinicus Abyssinian House Snake Largen & Rasmussen 1993 Largen & Spawls 2010   Boaedon fuliginosus Common African House Snake Broadley 1983 Hughes 1997 Largen & Rasmussen 1993 Largen & Spawls 2010 Largen 1997 Papenfuss 1969   Boaedon maculatus Somali House Snake Largen & Spawls 2010 Genus Bofa (Ethiopian Forest Snake)   * Bofa erlangeri Ethiopian Forest Snake Largen & Rasmussen 1993 Largen & Spawls 2010 Tiutenko, Koch, Pabijan & Zinenko 2022 Genus Dromophis (Olympic Snakes)   Dromophis lineatus Lined Olympic Snake Hughes 2004 Largen & Rasmussen 1993 Largen & Spawls 2010 Genus Duberria (African Slug Eaters)   Duberria lutrix Common Slug Eater Largen & Rasmussen 1993 Largen & Spawls 2010 Loveridge 1957 Genus Hemirhagerrhis (Bark Snakes)   Hemirhagerrhis hildebrandtii Kenyan Bark Snake Broadley & Hughes 2000 Largen & Rasmussen 1993 [as H. nototaenia] Largen & Spawls 2010   Hemirhagerrhis kelleri Stripe-bellied Bark Snake Broadley & Hughes 2000 Largen & Rasmussen 1993 Largen & Spawls 2010 Loveridge 1957 Genus Limaformosa (Venus File Snakes)   Limaformosa chanleri Unicolor File Snake Largen & Spawls 2010 [as unicolor]   Limaformosa savorgnani Central African Forest File Snake Lanza & Broadley 2014 Largen & Rasmussen 1993 [as capensis] Largen & Spawls 2010 Genus Lycophidion (African Wolf Snakes)   Lycophidion depressirostre Flat-snouted Wolf Snake Broadley & Hughes 1993 Broadley 1996 Largen & Rasmussen 1993 Largen & Spawls 2010   Lycophidion jacksoni Kilimanjaro Wolf Snake Broadley & Hughes 1993 [as L. capense] Broadley 1996 Largen & Rasmussen 1993 [as L. capense] Largen & Spawls 2010 [as L. capense] Largen 1997 [as L. capense] Laurent 1968 [as L. capense ssp.] Trape 2021   Lycophidion taylori Somali Wolf Snake Largen & Rasmussen 1993 Largen & Spawls 2010 Genus Prosymna (Shovel-snout Snakes)   Prosymna greigerti Sudan Savanna Shovel-snout Broadley 1980 Chirio & LeBreton 2007 Chirio, Ineich, Schmitz & Trape 2011 Largen & Rasmussen 1993 [as P. meleagris] Largen & Spawls 2010 [as P. meleagris]   Prosymna ruspolii Southern Somali Shovel-snout Broadley 1980 Lanza 1983 Largen & Rasmussen 1993 Largen & Spawls 2010   Prosymna somalica Northern Somali Shovel-snout Lanza 1983 Largen & Spawls 2010 Genus Psammophis (Old World Sand Snakes and Grass Snakes)   Psammophis angolensis Dwarf Sand Snake Broadley 1977 Broadley 2002 Largen & Rasmussen 1993 Largen & Spawls 2010   Psammophis biseriatus Eastern Link-marked Sand Snake Lanza 1983 Largen & Rasmussen 1993 Largen & Spawls 2010   Psammophis pulcher Venus Sand Snake Largen & Rasmussen 1993 Largen & Spawls 2010 Spawls, Howell, Drewes & Ashe 2002   Psammophis punctulatus Northern Speckled Sand Snake Lanza 1990 Largen & Rasmussen 1993 Largen & Spawls 2010 Largen 1997 Sindaco, Venchi & Grieco 2013   Psammophis rukwae Lake Rukwa Sand Snake Trape, Crochet, Broadley, Sourouille, Mane, Burger, Boehme, Saleh, Karan, Lanza & Mediannikov 2019   Psammophis sibilans Hissing Sand Snake Largen & Rasmussen 1993 Largen & Spawls 2010 Largen 1997 Sindaco, Venchi & Grieco 2013 Trape, Crochet, Broadley, Sourouille, Mane, Burger, Boehme, Saleh, Karan, Lanza & Mediannikov 2019   Psammophis tanganicus Tanganyika Sand Snake Broadley & Howell 1991 Largen & Rasmussen 1993 Largen & Spawls 2010 Largen 1997 Loveridge 1957 Sindaco, Venchi & Grieco 2013 Genus Psammophylax (Skaapstekers)   Psammophylax multisquamis Kenyan Striped Skaapsteker Broadley 1976 Keates, Conradie, Greenbaum & Edwards 2019 Largen & Rasmussen 1993 Largen & Spawls 2010 [as P. variabilis] Loveridge 1957 Spawls, Howell, Drewes & Ashe 2002 Genus Pseudoboodon (Ethiopian Labial-pitted Snakes)   * Pseudoboodon boehmei Slender Labial-pitted Snake Largen & Rasmussen 1993 Largen & Spawls 2010   Pseudoboodon gascae Eritrean Labial-pitted Snake Largen & Rasmussen 1993 Largen & Spawls 2010 Tiutenko 2018   Pseudoboodon lemniscatus Striped Labial-pitted Snake Largen & Rasmussen 1993 Largen & Spawls 2010 Largen 1997   * Pseudoboodon sandfordorum Central Highlands Labial-pitted Snake Largen & Spawls 2010 Spawls 2004 Genus Rhamphiophis (Beaked Snakes)   Rhamphiophis rostratus Rufous Beaked Snake Broadley & Howell 1991 Broadley 1983 Chirio & Ineich 1991 Largen & Rasmussen 1993 [as R. oxyrhynchus] Largen & Spawls 2010   Rhamphiophis rubropunctatus Red-spotted Beaked Snake Chirio & Ineich 1991 Largen & Rasmussen 1993 Largen & Spawls 2010  Family Leptotyphlopidae (Thread Snakes) Genus Leptotyphlops (Typical Thread Snakes)   Leptotyphlops aethiopicus Ethiopian Thread Snake Broadley & Wallach 2007 Largen & Spawls 2010 Genus Myriopholis (Many-scaled Thread Snakes)   Myriopholis braccianii Eritrean Mountain Thread Snake Broadley & Wallach 2007 Hahn & Wallach 1998 [as cairi] Largen & Rasmussen 1993 [as cairi] Largen & Spawls 2010 Largen 1997 [as cairi] McDiarmid, Campbell & Toure 1999 [as cairi] Sindaco, Venchi & Grieco 2013 [as cairi]   Myriopholis erythraea Eritrean Lowland Thread Snake Broadley & Wallach 2007 Largen & Spawls 2010   Myriopholis nursii Aden Thread Snake Largen & Spawls 2010   Myriopholis parkeri Ethiopian Many-scaled Thread Snake Broadley & Wallach 2007 Largen & Spawls 2010   Myriopholis tanae Tana Thread Snake Broadley & Wallach 2007 Largen & Spawls 2010  Family Micrelapidae (Short-jawed Rear-fanged Snakes) Genus Micrelaps (Afro-Asian Black-headed Snakes)   Micrelaps vaillanti Somali Black-headed Snake Lanza 1983 [as M. boettgeri] Largen & Rasmussen 1993 [as M. boettgeri] Largen & Spawls 2010 Rasmussen 2002  Family Pythonidae (Pythons) Genus Python (Typical Pythons)   Python sebae Northern Rock Python Broadley & Howell 1991 Broadley 1984 Largen & Rasmussen 1993 Largen & Spawls 2010 Largen 1997 Spawls & Branch 1995  Family Typhlopidae (Typical Blind Snakes) Genus Afrotyphlops (African Giant Blind Snakes)   Afrotyphlops blanfordi Senafe Blind Snake Broadley & Wallach 2009 Largen & Spawls 2010 Wallach, Williams & Boundy 2014   Afrotyphlops brevis Somali Giant Blind Snake Broadley & Wallach 2009 Lanza 1990 Largen & Rasmussen 1993 Largen & Spawls 2010   Afrotyphlops calabresii Hargeisa Blind Snake Broadley & Wallach 2009 Largen & Spawls 2010   Afrotyphlops lineolatus Lineolate Blind Snake Broadley & Howell 1991 Broadley & Wallach 2009 Largen & Rasmussen 1993 Largen & Spawls 2010 Largen 1997 McDiarmid, Campbell & Toure 1999 Wallach, Williams & Boundy 2014 Genus Letheobia (African Gracile Blind Snakes)   * Letheobia largeni Gambela Gracile Blind Snake Broadley & Wallach 2007 Largen & Spawls 2010   * Letheobia somalica Ethiopian Gracile Blind Snake Broadley & Wallach 2007 Largen & Spawls 2010 McDiarmid, Campbell & Toure 1999 Genus Rhinotyphlops (African Beaked Blind Snakes)   Rhinotyphlops ataeniatus Somali Gracile Blind Snake Broadley & Wallach 2007 Largen & Spawls 2010 McDiarmid, Campbell & Toure 1999  Family Viperidae (Vipers) Genus Bitis (African Adders)   Bitis arietans Common Puff Adder David & Ineich 1999 Gower, Wade, Spawls, Boehme, Buechley, Sykes & Colston 2016 Lanza 1990 Largen & Rasmussen 1993 Largen & Spawls 2010 Largen 1997 Spawls & Branch 1995   * Bitis harenna Bale Mountains Adder Gower, Wade, Spawls, Boehme, Buechley, Sykes & Colston 2016   * Bitis parviocula Ethiopian Mountain Adder Gower, Wade, Spawls, Boehme, Buechley, Sykes & Colston 2016 Largen & Rasmussen 1993 Largen & Spawls 2010 McDiarmid, Campbell & Toure 1999 Spawls & Branch 1995 Genus Causus (Night Adders)   Causus maculatus West African Night Adder David & Ineich 1999 Largen & Rasmussen 1993 Largen & Spawls 2010 Spawls & Branch 1995   Causus resimus Green Night Adder David & Ineich 1999 Largen & Rasmussen 1993 Largen & Spawls 2010 Spawls & Branch 1995   Causus rhombeatus Rhombic Night Adder David & Ineich 1999 Largen & Rasmussen 1993 Largen & Spawls 2010 Spawls & Branch 1995 Genus Echis (Carpet Vipers)   Echis pyramidum North East African Carpet Viper David & Ineich 1999 Hughes 1976 Largen & Rasmussen 1993 [as varius] Largen & Spawls 2010 Largen 1997 [as varius] McDiarmid, Campbell & Toure 1999 Spawls & Branch 1995 Venchi & Sindaco 2007

	Turtles (Testudines)
	= endemicEX = extinct or assumed extinct Species References  Family Pelomedusidae (African Side-necked Turtles) Genus Pelomedusa (African Helmeted Turtles)   Pelomedusa gehafie Eritrean Helmeted Turtle Rhodin, Iverson, Bour, Fritz, Georges, Shaffer & Dijk 2021   Pelomedusa neumanni Kenyan Helmeted Turtle Rhodin, Iverson, Bour, Fritz, Georges, Shaffer & Dijk 2021   * Pelomedusa somalica Somali Helmeted Turtle Rhodin, Iverson, Bour, Fritz, Georges, Shaffer & Dijk 2021   Pelomedusa subrufa Common Helmeted Turtle Rhodin, Iverson, Bour, Fritz, Georges, Shaffer & Dijk 2021 Genus Pelusios (African Mud Turtles)   Pelusios adansonii Sahelian Mud Turtle Bour 2008 Chirio & LeBreton 2007 Rhodin, Iverson, Bour, Fritz, Georges, Shaffer & Dijk 2021   * Pelusios broadleyi Lake Turkana Mud Turtle Rhodin, Iverson, Bour, Fritz, Georges, Shaffer & Dijk 2021   Pelusios sinuatus East African Serrated Mud Turtle Broadley & Boycott 2009 Fritz & Havas 2006 Iverson 1992 Largen & Spawls 2010 Rhodin, Iverson, Bour, Fritz, Georges, Shaffer & Dijk 2021  Family Testudinidae (Tortoises) Genus Centrochelys (African Spurred Tortoise)   Centrochelys sulcata African Spurred Tortoise Iverson 1992 King & Burke 1989 Largen & Spawls 2010 Largen 1997 Papenfuss 1969 Petrozzi, Hema, Demaya, Benansio, Eniang, Diagne, Segniagbeto & Luiselli 2020 Rhodin, Iverson, Bour, Fritz, Georges, Shaffer & Dijk 2021 Wermuth & Mertens 1977 Genus Kinixys (Hinge-back Tortoises)   Kinixys belliana Central African Hinge-back Tortoise Rhodin, Iverson, Bour, Fritz, Georges, Shaffer & Dijk 2021   Kinixys nogueyi Western Savanna Hinge-back Tortoise Iverson 1992 [as belliana] King & Burke 1989 [as belliana] Largen & Spawls 2010 [as belliana] Largen 1997 [as belliana] McCord, Joseph-Ouni & Tabaka 2005 [as belliana] Spawls, Howell, Drewes & Ashe 2002 [as belliana] Wermuth & Mertens 1977 [as b. belliana] Genus Stigmochelys (Leopard Tortoise)   Stigmochelys pardalis Leopard Tortoise Broadley & Howell 1991 Fritz & Havas 2006 King & Burke 1989 Lanza 1972 Largen & Spawls 2010 Rhodin, Iverson, Bour, Fritz, Georges, Shaffer & Dijk 2021  Family Trionychidae (Softshell Turtles) Genus Cyclanorbis (SubSaharan Flapshell Turtles)   Cyclanorbis senegalensis Senegal Flapshell Turtle McGovern, Diagne, Diagne, Luiselli & Meylan 2021 Rhodin, Iverson, Bour, Fritz, Georges, Shaffer & Dijk 2021 Genus Trionyx (African Softshell Turtle)   Trionyx triunguis African Softshell Turtle King & Burke 1989 Largen & Spawls 2010 Largen 1997 Rhodin, Iverson, Bour, Fritz, Georges, Shaffer & Dijk 2021