Reptiles of Kenya  Related checklists:  Lamu - Manda Bibliography of the reptiles of Kenya Taxonomic history of the reptiles of Kenya Introduced species

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Citation: Midtgaard, Rune. RepFocus - A Survey of the Reptiles of the World. www.repfocus.dk (Compilation date: 14th April, 2023).

Checklist General remarks: The list includes only formally described species. Newly discovered, but still unnamed species are excluded. However, unnamed species or species unassigned to species level are included, if they are the only representatives of their genus in the region. Species counts exclude extinct and introduced species. Doubtful records, typically older voucher specimens of uncertain origin, have been excluded if considered questionable, as are records based on sources considered unreliable or controversial. Note: Your comments to the checklist (omissions, errors, etc.) are welcomed, preferably if they are provided with reliable references. If possible, please attach a pdf file of the relevant reference to an email addressed to:

	Worm Lizards (Amphisbaenia)
	= endemicEX = extinct or assumed extinct Species References  Family Amphisbaenidae (Typical Worm Lizards) Genus Geocalamus (Wedge-snouted Worm Lizards)   Geocalamus acutus Voi Wedge-snouted Worm Lizard Broadley & Howell 1991 Gans & Kraklau 1989 Gans 2005 Spawls & Rotich 1997 Spawls, Howell, Drewes & Ashe 2002 Spawls, Howell, Hinkel & Menegon 2018

	Crocodilians (Crocodylia)
	= endemicEX = extinct or assumed extinct Species References  Family Crocodylidae (Crocodiles) Genus Crocodylus (Typical Crocodiles)   Crocodylus niloticus Nile Crocodile Fuchs, Mertens & Wermuth 1974 King & Burke 1989 Spawls, Howell, Drewes & Ashe 2002 Spawls, Howell, Hinkel & Menegon 2018 Wermuth & Mertens 1977

	Lizards (Sauria)
	= endemicEX = extinct or assumed extinct Species References  Family Agamidae (Agamas and Dragons) Genus Acanthocercus (Ridgeback Agamas)   Acanthocercus annectans Eritrean Ridgeback Agama Loveridge 1957 Spawls & Rotich 1997 Spawls, Howell, Drewes & Ashe 2002 Spawls, Howell, Hinkel & Menegon 2018   Acanthocercus gregorii Kenyan Ridgeback Agama Gunther 1894 Wagner, Butler, Ceriaco & Bauer 2021 Wagner, Greenbaum & Bauer 2012 Wagner, Greenbaum, Bauer, Kusamba & Leache 2018 Wermuth 1967   Acanthocercus minutus Shewa Ridgeback Agama Wagner, Greenbaum, Bauer, Kusamba & Leache 2018 Wermuth 1967   Acanthocercus ugandaensis Uganda Ridgeback Agama Wagner, Butler, Ceriaco & Bauer 2021 Wagner, Greenbaum & Bauer 2012 Wagner, Greenbaum, Bauer, Kusamba & Leache 2018 Genus Agama (Typical Agamas)   Agama armata Zambezi Spiny Agama Spawls, Howell, Drewes & Ashe 2002 Spawls, Howell, Hinkel & Menegon 2018   * Agama caudospinosa Elmenteita Rock Agama Loveridge 1957 Spawls & Rotich 1997 Spawls, Howell, Hinkel & Menegon 2018 Wagner 2010 Wagner 2014 Wagner, Krause & Boehme 2008   Agama finchi West Kenyan Rainbow Agama Boehme, Wagner, Malonza, Loetters & Koehler 2005 Leache, Grummer, Miller, Krishnan, Fujita, Boehme, Schmitz, LeBreton, Ineich, Chirio, Ofori-boateng, Eniang, Greenbaum, Roedel & Wagner 2016 Spawls, Howell, Hinkel & Menegon 2018 Wagner, Freund, Modry, Schmitz & Boehme 2011   * Agama hulbertorum Ngong Hills Rock Agama Spawls, Howell, Hinkel & Menegon 2018 Wagner 2014   Agama kaimosae Kaimosi Agama Loveridge 1935 Spawls, Howell, Hinkel & Menegon 2018 Wagner 2014 Wagner, Burmann & Boehme 2008   Agama lionotus Kenyan Rock Agama Loveridge 1957 Spawls & Rotich 1997 Spawls, Howell, Drewes & Ashe 2002 Spawls, Howell, Hinkel & Menegon 2018 Wagner 2014 Wagner, Krause & Boehme 2008   Agama mwanzae Mwanza Rock Agama Spawls, Howell, Hinkel & Menegon 2018 Wagner 2014 Wagner, Krause & Boehme 2008   Agama persimilis Somali Painted Agama Lanza 1978 Lanza 1990 Spawls & Rotich 1997 Spawls, Howell, Drewes & Ashe 2002 Spawls, Howell, Hinkel & Menegon 2018 Wagner & Bauer 2011   Agama rueppelli Arboreal Agama Lanza 1990 Loveridge 1957 Spawls & Rotich 1997 Spawls, Howell, Drewes & Ashe 2002 Spawls, Howell, Hinkel & Menegon 2018 Wagner & Bauer 2011 Wermuth 1967   * Agama wachirai Marsabit Rock Agama Malonza, Spawls, Finch & Bauer 2021  Family Chamaeleonidae (Chameleons) Genus Chamaeleo (Typical Chameleons)   Chamaeleo dilepis Flap-necked Chameleon Chirio & LeBreton 2007 Glaw 2015 Klaver & Boehme 1997 Spawls & Rotich 1997 Spawls, Howell, Drewes & Ashe 2002 Spawls, Howell, Hinkel & Menegon 2018 Tilbury 2010   Chamaeleo gracilis Graceful Chameleon Glaw 2015 Klaver & Boehme 1997 Loveridge 1957 Spawls & Rotich 1997 Spawls, Howell, Drewes & Ashe 2002 Spawls, Howell, Hinkel & Menegon 2018 Tilbury 2010   Chamaeleo laevigatus Smooth Chameleon Glaw 2015 Klaver & Boehme 1997 Spawls & Rotich 1997 Spawls, Howell, Drewes & Ashe 2002 Spawls, Howell, Hinkel & Menegon 2018 Tilbury 2010 Genus Kinyongia (East African Dwarf Chameleons)   * Kinyongia asheorum Mount Nyiro Bearded Chameleon Glaw 2015 Necas, Sindaco, Koreny, Kopecna, Malonza & Modry 2009 Spawls, Howell, Hinkel & Menegon 2018 Tilbury 2010   * Kinyongia boehmei Taita Blade-horned Chameleon Glaw 2015 Lutzmann & Necas 2002 Mariaux, Lutzmann & Stipala 2008 Spawls, Howell, Hinkel & Menegon 2018 Tilbury 2010   * Kinyongia excubitor Mount Kenya Hornless Chameleon Glaw 2015 Klaver & Boehme 1997 Spawls & Rotich 1997 Spawls, Howell, Drewes & Ashe 2002 Spawls, Howell, Hinkel & Menegon 2018 Tilbury 2010   Kinyongia tavetana Kilimanjaro Two-horned Chameleon Glaw 2015 Klaver & Boehme 1997 Loveridge 1957 Mariaux, Lutzmann & Stipala 2008 Spawls & Rotich 1997 Spawls, Howell, Drewes & Ashe 2002 Spawls, Howell, Hinkel & Menegon 2018 Tilbury 2010   Kinyongia tenuis Usambara Soft-horned Chameleon Glaw 2015 Klaver & Boehme 1997 Spawls & Rotich 1997 Spawls, Howell, Drewes & Ashe 2002 Spawls, Howell, Hinkel & Menegon 2018 Tilbury 2010 Genus Rhampholeon (African Leaf Chameleons)   Rhampholeon boulengeri Central African Leaf Chameleon Glaw 2015 Klaver & Boehme 1997 Spawls & Rotich 1997 Spawls, Howell, Drewes & Ashe 2002 Spawls, Howell, Hinkel & Menegon 2018 Tilbury 2010 Genus Rieppeleon (Short-tailed Leaf Chameleons)   Rieppeleon brevicaudatus Bearded Leaf Chameleon Glaw 2015 Spawls & Rotich 1997 Spawls, Howell, Drewes & Ashe 2002 Spawls, Howell, Hinkel & Menegon 2018 Tilbury 2010   Rieppeleon kerstenii Kenya Leaf Chameleon Glaw 2015 Klaver & Boehme 1997 Lanza 1990 Loveridge 1957 Spawls & Rotich 1997 Spawls, Howell, Drewes & Ashe 2002 Spawls, Howell, Hinkel & Menegon 2018 Tilbury 2010 Genus Trioceros (Equatorial Chameleons)   Trioceros bitaeniatus Two-striped Chameleon Glaw 2015 Klaver & Boehme 1997 Loveridge 1957 Spawls & Rotich 1997 Spawls, Howell, Drewes & Ashe 2002 Spawls, Howell, Hinkel & Menegon 2018 Tilbury 2010   Trioceros conirostratus Sudanese Unicorn Chameleon Glaw 2015 Hughes, Blackburn, Wilber & Behangana 2018 Spawls, Howell, Hinkel & Menegon 2018 Tilbury 2010   Trioceros ellioti Montane Side-striped Chameleon Glaw 2015 Klaver & Boehme 1997 Spawls & Rotich 1997 Spawls, Howell, Drewes & Ashe 2002 Spawls, Howell, Hinkel & Menegon 2018 Tilbury 2010   Trioceros hoehnelii High-casqued Chameleon Glaw 2015 Klaver & Boehme 1997 Loveridge 1957 Spawls & Rotich 1997 Spawls, Howell, Drewes & Ashe 2002 Spawls, Howell, Hinkel & Menegon 2018 Tilbury 2010   Trioceros jacksonii Kikuyu Three-horned Chameleon Glaw 2015 Klaver & Boehme 1997 Loveridge 1957 Spawls & Rotich 1997 Spawls, Howell, Drewes & Ashe 2002 Spawls, Howell, Hinkel & Menegon 2018 Tilbury 2010   * Trioceros kinangopensis Kinangop Peak Chameleon Glaw 2015 Spawls, Howell, Hinkel & Menegon 2018 Stipala, Lutzmann, Malonza, Wilkinson, Godley, Nyamache & Evans 2012   * Trioceros marsabitensis Mount Marsabit Chameleon Glaw 2015 Klaver & Boehme 1997 Spawls & Rotich 1997 Spawls, Howell, Drewes & Ashe 2002 Spawls, Howell, Hinkel & Menegon 2018 Tilbury 2010   * Trioceros narraioca Mount Kulal Chameleon Glaw 2015 Necas, Modry & Slapeta 2003 Spawls, Howell, Hinkel & Menegon 2018 Tilbury 2010   * Trioceros ntunte Mount Nyiru Chameleon Glaw 2015 Necas, Modry & Slapeta 2005 Spawls, Howell, Hinkel & Menegon 2018 Tilbury 2010   * Trioceros nyirit Mtelo Massif Chameleon Glaw 2015 Spawls, Howell, Hinkel & Menegon 2018 Stipala, Lutzmann, Malonza, Borghesio, Wilkinson, Godley & Evans 2011   Trioceros rudis Ruwenzori Side-striped Chameleon Glaw 2015 Klaver & Boehme 1997 Spawls & Rotich 1997 Spawls, Howell, Hinkel & Menegon 2018 Tilbury 2010   * Trioceros schubotzi Mount Kenya Side-striped Chameleon Glaw 2015 Klaver & Boehme 1997 Loveridge 1957 Spawls & Rotich 1997 Spawls, Howell, Drewes & Ashe 2002 Spawls, Howell, Hinkel & Menegon 2018 Tilbury 2010   Trioceros sternfeldi Tanzanian Montane Dwarf Chameleon Spawls, Howell, Hinkel & Menegon 2018  Family Cordylidae (Girdled Lizards) Genus Chamaesaura (African Grass Lizards)   Chamaesaura tenuior East African Highland Grass Lizard Loveridge 1957 Spawls & Rotich 1997 Spawls, Howell, Drewes & Ashe 2002 Spawls, Howell, Hinkel & Menegon 2018 Wermuth 1968 Genus Cordylus (Girdled Lizards)   Cordylus beraduccii Maasai Girdled Lizard Broadley & Branch 2002 Spawls, Howell, Hinkel & Menegon 2018   Cordylus tropidosternum Tropical Girdled Lizard Broadley & Branch 2002 Greenbaum, Stanley, Kusamba, Moninga, Goldberg & Bursey 2012 Loveridge 1957 Spawls & Rotich 1997 Spawls, Howell, Drewes & Ashe 2002 Spawls, Howell, Hinkel & Menegon 2018  Family Eublepharidae (Eyelid Geckos) Genus Holodactylus (East African Clawed Geckos)   Holodactylus africanus Masai Clawed Gecko Loveridge 1957 Spawls & Rotich 1997 Spawls, Howell, Drewes & Ashe 2002 Spawls, Howell, Hinkel & Menegon 2018  Family Gekkonidae (Typical Geckos) Genus Ancylodactylus (African Rock and Forest Geckos)   Ancylodactylus africanus Usambara Forest Gecko Broadley & Howell 1991 Howell, Beraduccii & Ngalason 2021 Malonza & Bauer 2022 Perret 1986 Spawls & Rotich 1997 Spawls, Howell, Drewes & Ashe 2002 Spawls, Howell, Hinkel & Menegon 2018   * Ancylodactylus chyuluensis Chyulu Hills Pygmy Forest Gecko Malonza & Bauer 2022   Ancylodactylus dickersonae Ituri Four-lined Forest Gecko Perret 1986 Spawls & Rotich 1997 Spawls, Beraduccii & Malonza 2021 Spawls, Howell, Drewes & Ashe 2002 Spawls, Howell, Hinkel & Menegon 2018   Ancylodactylus elgonensis Elgon Forest Gecko Perret 1986 Spawls & Rotich 1997 Spawls, Howell, Drewes & Ashe 2002 Spawls, Howell, Hinkel & Menegon 2018 Wagner, Safari & Chenga 2021   * Ancylodactylus kenyaensis Mount Kenya Forest Gecko Malonza & Bauer 2022   * Ancylodactylus kituiensis Kitui Forest Gecko Malonza & Bauer 2022   * Ancylodactylus laikipiensis Laikipia Pygmy Forest Gecko Malonza & Bauer 2022   * Ancylodactylus mathewsensis Mathews Range Forest Gecko Malonza & Bauer 2022   * Ancylodactylus spawlsi Lolldaiga Forest Gecko Malonza & Bauer 2022 Genus Chondrodactylus (Giant Ground Gecko and Thick-toed Geckos)   Chondrodactylus laevigatus Karas Thick-toed Gecko Heinz, Brennan, Jackman & Bauer 2021 Marques, Ceriaco, Blackburn & Bauer 2018 Spawls & Rotich 1997 [as Pachydactylus turneri] Spawls, Howell, Hinkel & Menegon 2018 [as C. turneri] Genus Hemidactylus (Half-toed Geckos)   Hemidactylus angulatus West African House Gecko Chirio & LeBreton 2007 Loveridge 1947 Spawls & Rotich 1997 Spawls, Howell, Drewes & Ashe 2002 [as brooki] Spawls, Howell, Hinkel & Menegon 2018   * Hemidactylus barbierii Lake Turkana Half-toed Gecko Sindaco, Razzetti, Ziliani, Wasonga, Carugati & Fasola 2007 Smid, Mazuch, Novakova, Modry, Malonza, Elmi, Carranza & Moravec 2020 Spawls, Howell, Hinkel & Menegon 2018   Hemidactylus barbouri Kenyan Coastal Half-toed Gecko Broadley & Howell 1991 Loveridge 1947 Loveridge 1957 Smid, Mazuch, Novakova, Modry, Malonza, Elmi, Carranza & Moravec 2020 Spawls & Rotich 1997 Spawls, Howell, Drewes & Ashe 2002 Spawls, Howell, Hinkel & Menegon 2018   Hemidactylus bavazzanoi Somali Banded Gecko Lanza 1990 Spawls & Rotich 1997 Spawls, Howell, Drewes & Ashe 2002 Spawls, Howell, Hinkel & Menegon 2018   Hemidactylus funaiolii Archer's Post Gecko Lanza 1990 Smid, Mazuch, Novakova, Modry, Malonza, Elmi, Carranza & Moravec 2020 Spawls & Rotich 1997 Spawls, Howell, Drewes & Ashe 2002 Spawls, Howell, Hinkel & Menegon 2018   Hemidactylus lanzai Lake Chew Bahir Half-toed Gecko Loveridge 1947 [as H. isolepis] Loveridge 1957 [as H. isolepis] Smid, Mazuch, Novakova, Modry, Malonza, Elmi, Carranza & Moravec 2020 Spawls & Rotich 1997 [as H. isolepis] Spawls, Howell, Hinkel & Menegon 2018 [as H. isolepis]   Hemidactylus mabouia Cosmopolitan House Gecko Loveridge 1947 Loveridge 1957 Spawls, Howell, Drewes & Ashe 2002 Spawls, Howell, Hinkel & Menegon 2018   Hemidactylus macropholis Large-scaled Warty Gecko Loveridge 1947 Loveridge 1957 Spawls & Rotich 1997 Spawls, Howell, Drewes & Ashe 2002 Spawls, Howell, Hinkel & Menegon 2018   Hemidactylus modestus Tana River Gecko Loveridge 1947 Loveridge 1957 Smid, Mazuch, Novakova, Modry, Malonza, Elmi, Carranza & Moravec 2020 Spawls & Rotich 1997 Spawls, Howell, Drewes & Ashe 2002 Spawls, Howell, Hinkel & Menegon 2018   * Hemidactylus mrimaensis Kaya Half-toed Gecko Malonza & Bauer 2014 Spawls, Howell, Hinkel & Menegon 2018   Hemidactylus platycephalus Flat-headed Tropical House Gecko Lanza 1990 Spawls & Rotich 1997 Spawls, Howell, Drewes & Ashe 2002 Spawls, Howell, Hinkel & Menegon 2018   Hemidactylus robustus Red Sea Half-toed Gecko Carranza & Arnold 2012 Sindaco & Jeremchenko 2008 Spawls, Howell, Drewes & Ashe 2002 Spawls, Howell, Hinkel & Menegon 2018   Hemidactylus ruspolii Turnip-tailed Black-and-Yellow Gecko Loveridge 1947 Loveridge 1957 Spawls & Rotich 1997 Spawls, Howell, Drewes & Ashe 2002 Spawls, Howell, Hinkel & Menegon 2018   Hemidactylus squamulatus Nyika Half-toed Gecko Loveridge 1947 Loveridge 1957 Smid, Mazuch, Novakova, Modry, Malonza, Elmi, Carranza & Moravec 2020 Spawls & Rotich 1997 Spawls, Howell, Drewes & Ashe 2002 Spawls, Howell, Hinkel & Menegon 2018   Hemidactylus tropidolepis Ogaden Half-toed Gecko Loveridge 1947 Loveridge 1957 Spawls & Rotich 1997 Spawls, Howell, Drewes & Ashe 2002 Spawls, Howell, Hinkel & Menegon 2018 Genus Homopholis (African Velvet Geckos)   Homopholis fasciata Banded Velvet Gecko Broadley, Jackman & Bauer 2014 Loveridge 1947 Loveridge 1957 Spawls & Rotich 1997 Spawls, Howell, Drewes & Ashe 2002 Spawls, Howell, Hinkel & Menegon 2018 Genus Lygodactylus (African-Neotropical Dwarf Geckos)   Lygodactylus angolensis Angolan Dwarf Gecko Broadley & Howell 1991 Spawls & Rotich 1997 Spawls, Howell, Drewes & Ashe 2002 Spawls, Howell, Hinkel & Menegon 2018   Lygodactylus capensis Cape Dwarf Gecko Loveridge 1947 Loveridge 1957 Spawls & Rotich 1997 Spawls, Howell, Drewes & Ashe 2002 Spawls, Howell, Hinkel & Menegon 2018   Lygodactylus grandisonae Murri Dwarf Gecko Spawls & Rotich 1997 Spawls, Howell, Drewes & Ashe 2002 Spawls, Howell, Hinkel & Menegon 2018   Lygodactylus gutturalis Chevron-throated Dwarf Gecko Chirio & LeBreton 2007 Spawls, Howell, Hinkel & Menegon 2018 Wagner & Boehme 2007   Lygodactylus keniensis Kenya Dwarf Gecko Loveridge 1947 Loveridge 1957 Spawls & Rotich 1997 Spawls, Howell, Drewes & Ashe 2002 Spawls, Howell, Hinkel & Menegon 2018   Lygodactylus kimhowelli Tanga Dwarf Gecko Spawls, Howell, Hinkel & Menegon 2018   Lygodactylus laterimaculatus Side-spotted Dwarf Gecko Spawls & Rotich 1997 Spawls, Howell, Drewes & Ashe 2002 Spawls, Howell, Hinkel & Menegon 2018   Lygodactylus manni Saranda Dwarf Gecko Broadley & Howell 1991 Loveridge 1947 Loveridge 1957 [as ukerewensis] Spawls & Rotich 1997 Spawls, Howell, Drewes & Ashe 2002 Spawls, Howell, Hinkel & Menegon 2018   Lygodactylus mombasicus Mombasa Dwarf Gecko Loveridge 1935 Spawls, Howell, Hinkel & Menegon 2018   Lygodactylus picturatus Yellow-headed Dwarf Gecko Broadley & Howell 1991 [as luteopicturatus] Loveridge 1947 Loveridge 1957 Spawls & Rotich 1997 Spawls, Howell, Drewes & Ashe 2002 [as luteopicturatus] Spawls, Howell, Hinkel & Menegon 2018 Travers, Jackman & Bauer 2014   Lygodactylus scheffleri Kibwezi Dwarf Gecko Loveridge 1947 Loveridge 1957 Spawls & Rotich 1997 Spawls, Howell, Drewes & Ashe 2002 Spawls, Howell, Hinkel & Menegon 2018   Lygodactylus scorteccii Somali Painted Dwarf Gecko Lanza 1990 Spawls, Howell, Drewes & Ashe 2002 Spawls, Howell, Hinkel & Menegon 2018   Lygodactylus somalicus Northeastern Somali Dwarf Gecko Lanza 1990 Loveridge 1957 Spawls & Rotich 1997 Spawls, Howell, Drewes & Ashe 2002 Spawls, Howell, Hinkel & Menegon 2018   Lygodactylus tsavoensis Tsavo Dwarf Gecko Malonza, Bauer, Granthon, Williams & Wojnowski 2019 Spawls, Howell, Hinkel & Menegon 2018   * Lygodactylus wojnowskii Mount Kenya Dwarf Gecko Malonza, Granthon & Williams 2016 Spawls, Howell, Hinkel & Menegon 2018 Genus Stenodactylus (Afro-Asian Thin-toed Geckos)   Stenodactylus sthenodactylus Elegant Thin-toed Gecko Arnold 1980 Loveridge 1947 Sindaco & Jeremchenko 2008 Spawls & Rotich 1997 Spawls, Howell, Drewes & Ashe 2002 Spawls, Howell, Hinkel & Menegon 2018  Family Gerrhosauridae (Plated Lizards) Genus Broadleysaurus (Rough-scaled Plated Lizard)   Broadleysaurus major Rough-scaled Plated Lizard Bates, Tolley, Edwards, Davids, Silva & Branch 2013 Broadley 1987 Loveridge 1957 Spawls & Rotich 1997 Spawls, Howell, Drewes & Ashe 2002 Spawls, Howell, Hinkel & Menegon 2018 Wermuth 1968 Genus Gerrhosaurus (Typical Plated Lizards)   Gerrhosaurus flavigularis Yellow-throated Plated Lizard Bates, Tolley, Edwards, Davids, Silva & Branch 2013 Loveridge 1957 Spawls & Rotich 1997 Spawls, Howell, Drewes & Ashe 2002 Spawls, Howell, Hinkel & Menegon 2018   Gerrhosaurus intermedius Eastern Black-lined Plated Lizard Bates, Tolley, Edwards, Davids, Silva & Branch 2013 Loveridge 1957 [as n. nigrolineatus] Spawls & Rotich 1997 [as nigrolineatus] Spawls, Howell, Drewes & Ashe 2002 [as nigrolineatus] Spawls, Howell, Hinkel & Menegon 2018 [as nigrolineatus]  Family Lacertidae (Typical Lizards) Genus Adolfus (African Forest Lizards)   Adolfus africanus Multi-scaled Forest Lizard Koehler, Wagner, Visser & Boehme 2003 Spawls, Howell, Hinkel & Menegon 2018 Wagner & Boehme 2007   * Adolfus alleni Mount Kenya Meadow Lizard Arnold 1989 Greenbaum, Villanueva, Kusamba, Aristote & Branch 2011 Loveridge 1957 Spawls & Rotich 1997 Spawls, Howell, Drewes & Ashe 2002 Spawls, Howell, Hinkel & Menegon 2018 Wagner, Greenbaum, Malonza & Branch 2014   Adolfus jacksoni East African Forest Lizard Arnold 1989 Greenbaum, Beer, Hughes, Wagner, Anderson, Villanueva, Malonza, Kusumba, Muninga, Aristote & Branch 2018 Greenbaum, Villanueva, Kusamba, Aristote & Branch 2011 Loveridge 1957 Spawls & Rotich 1997 Spawls, Howell, Drewes & Ashe 2002 Spawls, Howell, Hinkel & Menegon 2018   Adolfus kibonotensis Kilimanjaro Forest Lizard Greenbaum, Beer, Hughes, Wagner, Anderson, Villanueva, Malonza, Kusumba, Muninga, Aristote & Branch 2018   Adolfus masavaensis Masava Meadow Lizard Spawls, Howell, Hinkel & Menegon 2018 Wagner, Greenbaum, Malonza & Branch 2014   * Adolfus mathewsensis Mathews Range Forest Lizard Greenbaum, Beer, Hughes, Wagner, Anderson, Villanueva, Malonza, Kusumba, Muninga, Aristote & Branch 2018 Genus Gastropholis (Keel-bellied Lizards)   Gastropholis prasina Green Keel-bellied Lizard Arnold 1989 Spawls & Rotich 1997 Spawls, Howell, Drewes & Ashe 2002 Spawls, Howell, Hinkel & Menegon 2018   Gastropholis vittata Striped Keel-bellied Lizard Spawls & Rotich 1997 Spawls, Howell, Drewes & Ashe 2002 Spawls, Howell, Hinkel & Menegon 2018 Genus Heliobolus (Bushveld Lizards)   Heliobolus neumanni Ethiopian Bushveld Lizard Loveridge 1957 Spawls & Rotich 1997 Spawls, Howell, Drewes & Ashe 2002 Spawls, Howell, Hinkel & Menegon 2018   Heliobolus spekii East African Bushveld Lizard Loveridge 1957 Spawls & Rotich 1997 Spawls, Howell, Drewes & Ashe 2002 Spawls, Howell, Hinkel & Menegon 2018 Szczerbak 1975 Genus Holaspis (Blue-tailed Gliding Lizards)   Holaspis laevis Eastern Blue-tailed Gliding Lizard Spawls, Howell, Hinkel & Menegon 2018 Genus Latastia (African Long-tailed Lizards)   Latastia caeruleopunctata Blue-spotted Long-tailed Lizard Spawls, Howell, Hinkel & Menegon 2018   Latastia lanzai Dinsor Long-tailed Lizard Spawls & Rotich 1997   Latastia longicaudata Common Long-tailed Lizard Bischoff 1991 Loveridge 1957 Spawls, Howell, Drewes & Ashe 2002 Spawls, Howell, Hinkel & Menegon 2018 Genus Nucras (Sandveld Lizards)   Nucras boulengeri Uganda Sandveld Lizard Loveridge 1957 Spawls & Rotich 1997 Spawls, Howell, Drewes & Ashe 2002 Spawls, Howell, Hinkel & Menegon 2018 Genus Philochortus (Shield-backed Ground Lizards)   Philochortus rudolfensis Turkana Shield-backed Ground Lizard Lanza 1990 Loveridge 1957 Spawls & Rotich 1997 Spawls, Howell, Drewes & Ashe 2002 Spawls, Howell, Hinkel & Menegon 2018 Genus Pseuderemias (Sand Runners)   Pseuderemias smithi Ethiopian Sand Runner Bischoff 1992 Spawls & Rotich 1997 Spawls, Howell, Drewes & Ashe 2002 Spawls, Howell, Hinkel & Menegon 2018 Szczerbak 1975   Pseuderemias striata Striped Sand Runner Bischoff 1992 Lanza 1990 Loveridge 1957 Spawls & Rotich 1997 Spawls, Howell, Drewes & Ashe 2002 Spawls, Howell, Hinkel & Menegon 2018 Szczerbak 1975  Family Scincidae (Skinks) Genus Acontias (Greater Legless Skinks)   Acontias percivali East African Legless Skink Broadley & Greer 1969 Loveridge 1957 Spawls & Rotich 1997 Spawls, Howell, Drewes & Ashe 2002 Spawls, Howell, Hinkel & Menegon 2018 Genus Chalcides (Cylindrical Skinks)   Chalcides bottegi Ethiopian Cylindrical Skink Carranza, Arnold, Geniez, Roca & Mateo 2008 Greenbaum, Campbell & Raxworthy 2006 Spawls & Rotich 1997 Spawls, Howell, Drewes & Ashe 2002 Spawls, Howell, Hinkel & Menegon 2018 Genus Cryptoblepharus (Indo-Pacific Snake-eyed Skinks)   Cryptoblepharus africanus African Coral-rag Snake-eyed Skink Fuhn 1970 Loveridge 1957 Spawls & Rotich 1997 Spawls, Howell, Drewes & Ashe 2002 [as boutonii] Spawls, Howell, Hinkel & Menegon 2018 Genus Eumecia (East African Short-legged Skinks)   Eumecia anchietae Western Short-legged Skink Loveridge 1957 Spawls & Rotich 1997 Spawls, Howell, Drewes & Ashe 2002 Spawls, Howell, Hinkel & Menegon 2018 Genus Feylinia (African Snake Skinks)   Feylinia currori Western Forest Snake Skink Spawls, Howell, Hinkel & Menegon 2018 Wagner & Boehme 2007 Wagner & Schmitz 2006 Genus Leptosiaphos (Slender Leaf-litter Skinks)   Leptosiaphos kilimensis Kilimanjaro Five-toed Skink Broadley 1989 Loveridge 1957 Spawls & Rotich 1997 Spawls, Howell, Drewes & Ashe 2002 Spawls, Howell, Hinkel & Menegon 2018 Genus Melanoseps (Black Limbless Skinks)   Melanoseps loveridgei Eastern Limbless Skink Spawls, Howell, Hinkel & Menegon 2018   Melanoseps pygmaeus Pygmy Limbless Skink Spawls, Howell, Hinkel & Menegon 2018 Genus Mochlus (African Supple Skinks)   Mochlus hinkeli Eastern Red-flanked Skink Spawls, Howell, Hinkel & Menegon 2018 Wagner, Boehme, Pauwels & Schmitz 2009   Mochlus mabuiiformis Kenya Supple Skink Loveridge 1957 Spawls & Rotich 1997 Spawls, Howell, Drewes & Ashe 2002 Spawls, Howell, Hinkel & Menegon 2018   Mochlus pembanus Pemba Supple Skink Broadley 1994 Loveridge 1957 Spawls & Rotich 1997 Spawls, Howell, Drewes & Ashe 2002 Spawls, Howell, Hinkel & Menegon 2018   Mochlus somalicus Somali Savanna Supple Skink Spawls, Howell, Drewes & Ashe 2002 Spawls, Howell, Hinkel & Menegon 2018   Mochlus sundevallii Common Savanna Supple Skink Broadley 1966 Broadley 1994 Loveridge 1957 Spawls & Rotich 1997 Spawls, Howell, Drewes & Ashe 2002 Spawls, Howell, Hinkel & Menegon 2018 [as M. afer]   Mochlus tanae Tana River Supple Skink Loveridge 1957 Spawls & Rotich 1997 Spawls, Howell, Drewes & Ashe 2002 Spawls, Howell, Hinkel & Menegon 2018 Genus Panaspis (African Snake-eyed Skinks)   Panaspis massaiensis Masai Snake-eyed Skink Angel 1924 Kilunda, Conradie, Wasonga, Jin, Peng, Murphy, Malonza & Che 2019   Panaspis megalurus Tanzanian Blue-tailed Snake-eyed Skink Kilunda, Conradie, Wasonga, Jin, Peng, Murphy, Malonza & Che 2019 Spawls, Howell, Hinkel & Menegon 2018   * Panaspis tsavoensis Tsavo Snake-eyed Skink Kilunda, Conradie, Wasonga, Jin, Peng, Murphy, Malonza & Che 2019   Panaspis wahlbergii Savanna Snake-eyed Skink Loveridge 1957 Spawls & Rotich 1997 Spawls, Howell, Drewes & Ashe 2002 Spawls, Howell, Hinkel & Menegon 2018 Genus Scolecoseps (East African Sand Skinks)   Scolecoseps sp. (Sand Skink) Spawls, Howell, Hinkel & Menegon 2018 Genus Trachylepis (African-American Grass and Forest Skinks)   Trachylepis bayonii Equatorial Mountain Grass Skink Loveridge 1957 Spawls & Rotich 1997 Spawls, Howell, Drewes & Ashe 2002 Spawls, Howell, Hinkel & Menegon 2018   Trachylepis brevicollis Short-necked Skink Lanza 1990 Loveridge 1957 Sindaco & Jeremchenko 2008 Spawls & Rotich 1997 Spawls, Howell, Drewes & Ashe 2002 Spawls, Howell, Hinkel & Menegon 2018 Wasonga & Malonza 2006   Trachylepis dichroma Tanzanian Short-necked Skink Spawls, Howell, Hinkel & Menegon 2018 Wasonga & Malonza 2006   Trachylepis irregularis Alpine Meadow Skink Broadley 1977 Loveridge 1957 Spawls & Rotich 1997 Spawls, Howell, Drewes & Ashe 2002 Spawls, Howell, Hinkel & Menegon 2018   Trachylepis maculilabris Common Speckled-lipped Skink Loveridge 1957 Spawls & Rotich 1997 Spawls, Howell, Drewes & Ashe 2002 Spawls, Howell, Hinkel & Menegon 2018   Trachylepis margaritifer African Rainbow Skink Broadley & Bauer 1998 Broadley 2000 Spawls & Rotich 1997 Spawls, Howell, Drewes & Ashe 2002 Spawls, Howell, Hinkel & Menegon 2018   Trachylepis megalura Grass-top Skink Koppetsch 2020 Loveridge 1957 Marques, Ceriaco, Bandeira, Pauwels & Bauer 2019 Spawls & Rotich 1997 Spawls, Howell, Drewes & Ashe 2002 Spawls, Howell, Hinkel & Menegon 2018   Trachylepis planifrons Teita Skink Koppetsch 2020 Loveridge 1957 Spawls & Rotich 1997 Spawls, Howell, Drewes & Ashe 2002 Spawls, Howell, Hinkel & Menegon 2018   Trachylepis quinquetaeniata African Five-lined Skink Broadley & Bauer 1998 Koppetsch 2020 Spawls & Rotich 1997 Spawls, Howell, Drewes & Ashe 2002 Spawls, Howell, Hinkel & Menegon 2018   Trachylepis striata Eastern Striped Skink Loveridge 1957 Spawls & Rotich 1997 Spawls, Howell, Drewes & Ashe 2002 Spawls, Howell, Hinkel & Menegon 2018   Trachylepis varia Savanna Variable Skink Loveridge 1957 Spawls & Rotich 1997 Spawls, Howell, Drewes & Ashe 2002 Spawls, Howell, Hinkel & Menegon 2018  Family Sphaerodactylidae (Least Geckos, etc.) Genus Pristurus (Semaphore Geckos)   Pristurus crucifer Cross-marked Semaphore Gecko Arnold 1993 Arnold 2009 Sindaco & Jeremchenko 2008 Spawls & Rotich 1997 Spawls, Howell, Drewes & Ashe 2002 Spawls, Howell, Hinkel & Menegon 2018  Family Varanidae (Monitor Lizards) Genus Varanus (Monitor Lizards)   Varanus albigularis White-throated Monitor Bayless 2002 Loveridge 1957 Spawls & Rotich 1997 Spawls, Howell, Drewes & Ashe 2002 Spawls, Howell, Hinkel & Menegon 2018   Varanus niloticus Nile Monitor Bayless 2002 Loveridge 1957 Spawls & Rotich 1997 Spawls, Howell, Drewes & Ashe 2002 Spawls, Howell, Hinkel & Menegon 2018

	Snakes (Serpentes)
	= endemicEX = extinct or assumed extinct Species References  Family Boidae (Typical Boas) Genus Eryx (Sand Boas)   Eryx colubrinus East African Sand Boa Broadley & Howell 1991 Lanza 1990 Loveridge 1957 McDiarmid, Campbell & Toure 1999 Sindaco, Venchi & Grieco 2013 Spawls 1978 Spawls, Howell, Drewes & Ashe 2002 Spawls, Howell, Hinkel & Menegon 2018 Stimson 1969  Family Colubridae (Typical Snakes or Colubrids) Genus Crotaphopeltis (Herald Snakes)   Crotaphopeltis braestrupi Tana Herald Snake Lanza 1990 Rasmussen 1985 Spawls, Howell, Drewes & Ashe 2002 Spawls, Howell, Hinkel & Menegon 2018   Crotaphopeltis degeni Yellow-flanked Herald Snake Largen & Rasmussen 1993 Rasmussen 1985 Rasmussen, Chirio & Ineich 2000 Spawls 1978 Spawls, Howell, Drewes & Ashe 2002 Spawls, Howell, Hinkel & Menegon 2018   Crotaphopeltis hotamboeia Common Herald Snake Hughes 1983 Loveridge 1957 Rasmussen 1985 Spawls 1978 Spawls, Howell, Drewes & Ashe 2002 Spawls, Howell, Hinkel & Menegon 2018 Genus Dasypeltis (African Egg Eaters)   Dasypeltis atra Forest Egg Eater Bates & Broadley 2018 Broadley & Howell 1991 Hughes 1983 Largen & Rasmussen 1993 Spawls, Howell, Drewes & Ashe 2002 Spawls, Howell, Hinkel & Menegon 2018   Dasypeltis confusa Diamondback Egg Eater Bates & Broadley 2018 Spawls, Howell, Hinkel & Menegon 2018   Dasypeltis medici East African Egg Eater Bates & Broadley 2018 Broadley & Howell 1991 Broadley 1983 Gans 1959 Loveridge 1957 Spawls 1978 Spawls, Howell, Drewes & Ashe 2002 Spawls, Howell, Hinkel & Menegon 2018   Dasypeltis scabra Common African Egg Eater Bates & Broadley 2018 Gans 1959 Hughes 1983 Spawls 1978 Spawls, Howell, Drewes & Ashe 2002 Spawls, Howell, Hinkel & Menegon 2018 Genus Dipsadoboa (Nocturnal Tree Snakes)   Dipsadoboa flavida Northern Marbled Nocturnal Tree Snake Broadley & Howell 1991 Broadley 1983 [as D. a. aulica] Lanza 1990 Loveridge 1957 [as Chamaetortus a. aulicus] Rasmussen 1989 Spawls 1978 [as Chamaetortus a. aulicus] Spawls, Howell, Drewes & Ashe 2002 Spawls, Howell, Hinkel & Menegon 2018 Genus Dispholidus (Boomslangs)   Dispholidus kivuensis Kivu Boomslang Golay, Smith, Broadley, Dixon, McCarthy, Rage, Schatti & Toriba 1993 Genus Grayia (Equatorial African Water Snakes)   Grayia smythii Equatorial Water Snake Hughes 1983 Pitman 1974 Spawls 1978 Spawls, Howell, Drewes & Ashe 2002 Spawls, Howell, Hinkel & Menegon 2018   Grayia tholloni Nandi Water Snake Broadley & Howell 1991 Largen & Rasmussen 1993 Loveridge 1957 Pitman 1974 Spawls 1978 Spawls, Howell, Drewes & Ashe 2002 Spawls, Howell, Hinkel & Menegon 2018 Genus Hapsidophrys (Emerald Snakes)   Hapsidophrys lineatus Black-lined Green Snake Broadley & Howell 1991 Hughes 1983 Loveridge 1957 Pitman 1974 Spawls 1978 Spawls, Howell, Drewes & Ashe 2002 Spawls, Howell, Hinkel & Menegon 2018 Genus Meizodon (African Smooth Snakes)   Meizodon coronatus West African Crowned Smooth Snake Loveridge 1957 Papenfuss 1969 Pitman 1974 Spawls 1978   * Meizodon krameri Tana Delta Smooth Snake Schatti 1985 Spawls, Howell, Drewes & Ashe 2002 Spawls, Howell, Hinkel & Menegon 2018   Meizodon plumbiceps Black-headed Smooth Snake Lanza 1990 Largen & Rasmussen 1993 Schatti 1985 Spawls, Howell, Drewes & Ashe 2002 Spawls, Howell, Hinkel & Menegon 2018   Meizodon regularis East African Crowned Smooth Snake Largen & Rasmussen 1993 Schatti 1985 Spawls, Howell, Drewes & Ashe 2002 Spawls, Howell, Hinkel & Menegon 2018   Meizodon semiornatus Semi-ornate Smooth Snake Broadley & Howell 1991 Broadley 1983 Lanza 1990 Loveridge 1957 Pitman 1974 Schatti 1985 Spawls 1978 Spawls, Howell, Drewes & Ashe 2002 Spawls, Howell, Hinkel & Menegon 2018 Genus Natriciteres (African Marsh Snakes)   Natriciteres olivacea Olive Marsh Snake Hughes 1983 Loveridge 1957 Pitman 1974 Spawls 1978 Spawls, Howell, Drewes & Ashe 2002 Spawls, Howell, Hinkel & Menegon 2018 Genus Philothamnus (African Green Snakes)   Philothamnus battersbyi Northeastern Green Snake Broadley & Howell 1991 Lanza 1990 Largen & Rasmussen 1993 Loveridge 1957 Pitman 1974 Spawls 1978 Spawls, Howell, Drewes & Ashe 2002 Spawls, Howell, Hinkel & Menegon 2018   Philothamnus carinatus Barred Green Snake Broadley & Howell 1991 Hughes 1983 Loveridge 1957 Pitman 1974 Spawls 1978 Spawls, Howell, Drewes & Ashe 2002 Spawls, Howell, Hinkel & Menegon 2018   Philothamnus heterolepidotus Slender Green Snake Broadley & Howell 1991 Largen & Rasmussen 1993 Loveridge 1957 Pitman 1974 Spawls 1978 Spawls, Howell, Drewes & Ashe 2002 Spawls, Howell, Hinkel & Menegon 2018   Philothamnus hoplogaster Southeastern Green Snake Spawls, Howell, Drewes & Ashe 2002 Spawls, Howell, Hinkel & Menegon 2018   Philothamnus macrops Usambara Green Snake Spawls, Howell, Hinkel & Menegon 2018   Philothamnus nitidus Cameroon Green Snake Broadley & Howell 1991 Spawls, Howell, Drewes & Ashe 2002 Spawls, Howell, Hinkel & Menegon 2018   Philothamnus punctatus Speckled Green Snake Broadley & Howell 1991 Lanza 1990 Largen & Rasmussen 1993 Spawls, Howell, Drewes & Ashe 2002 Spawls, Howell, Hinkel & Menegon 2018   Philothamnus semivariegatus Variegated Bush Snake Hughes 1983 Loveridge 1957 Spawls 1978 Spawls, Howell, Drewes & Ashe 2002 Spawls, Howell, Hinkel & Menegon 2018 Genus Platyceps (Flat-headed Whip Snakes)   Platyceps brevis Somali Dwarf Whip Snake Loveridge 1957 Schatti & Charvet 2003 Schatti 1988 Spawls 1978 Spawls, Howell, Drewes & Ashe 2002 Spawls, Howell, Hinkel & Menegon 2018   Platyceps florulentus Egyptian Whip Snake Hughes 1983 Largen & Rasmussen 1993 Loveridge 1957 Schatti 1988 Sindaco, Venchi & Grieco 2013 Spawls 1978 Spawls, Howell, Drewes & Ashe 2002 Spawls, Howell, Hinkel & Menegon 2018 Genus Rhamnophis (Dagger-tooth Tree Snakes)   Rhamnophis aethiopissa Large-eyed Green Tree Snake Broadley & Howell 1991 Broadley & Wallach 2002 Hughes 1983 Loveridge 1957 Spawls 1978 Spawls, Howell, Drewes & Ashe 2002 Spawls, Howell, Hinkel & Menegon 2018 Genus Scaphiophis (African Hook-nosed Snakes)   Scaphiophis albopunctatus Common African Hook-nosed Snake Broadley 1994 Hughes 1983 Largen & Rasmussen 1993 Loveridge 1957 Pitman 1974 Spawls 1978 Spawls, Howell, Drewes & Ashe 2002 Spawls, Howell, Hinkel & Menegon 2018   Scaphiophis raffreyi Ethiopian Hook-nosed Snake Broadley 1994 Spawls, Howell, Drewes & Ashe 2002 Spawls, Howell, Hinkel & Menegon 2018 Genus Telescopus (Afro-Asian Cat Snakes)   Telescopus obtusus Egyptian Cat Snake Crochet, Rasmussen, Wilms, Geniez, Trape & Boehme 2008 Gravlund 2000 Lanza 1990 [as dhara] Loveridge 1957 Spawls 1978 Spawls, Howell, Drewes & Ashe 2002 [as dhara] Spawls, Howell, Hinkel & Menegon 2018 [as dhara] Spawls, Malonza & Beraduccii 2021   Telescopus semiannulatus Southern Tiger Snake Broadley & Howell 1991 Broadley 1983 Loveridge 1957 Spawls 1978 Spawls, Howell, Drewes & Ashe 2002 Spawls, Howell, Hinkel & Menegon 2018 Genus Thelotornis (African Vine Snakes)   Thelotornis mossambicanus Eastern Vine Snake Broadley 1983 Broadley 2001 Golay, Smith, Broadley, Dixon, McCarthy, Rage, Schatti & Toriba 1993 Spawls & Branch 1995 Spawls, Howell, Drewes & Ashe 2002 Spawls, Howell, Hinkel & Menegon 2018   Thelotornis usambaricus Usambara Vine Snake Broadley & Wallach 2002 Broadley 2001 Spawls, Howell, Hinkel & Menegon 2018 Genus Thrasops (Black Tree Snakes)   Thrasops jacksonii Common Black Tree Snake Broadley & Howell 1991 Broadley & Wallach 2002 Hughes 1983 Loveridge 1957 Spawls 1978 Spawls, Howell, Drewes & Ashe 2002 Spawls, Howell, Hinkel & Menegon 2018   * Thrasops schmidti Eastern Black Tree Snake Broadley & Wallach 2002 Loveridge 1957 Spawls 1978 Spawls, Howell, Hinkel & Menegon 2018 Genus Toxicodryas (African Tree Cat Snakes)   Toxicodryas adamanteus Eastern Powdered Cat Snake Greenbaum, Allen, Vaughan, Pauwels, Wallach, Kusamba, Muninga, Aristote, Mali, Badjedjea, Penner, Roedel, Rivera, Sterkhova, Johnson, Tapondjou Nkonmeneck & Brown 2021 Hughes 1983 [as pulverulenta] Spawls 1978 [as pulverulenta] Spawls, Howell, Drewes & Ashe 2002 [as pulverulenta] Spawls, Howell, Hinkel & Menegon 2018 [as pulverulenta]   Toxicodryas vexator Eastern Black-and-Yellow Tree Snake Greenbaum, Allen, Vaughan, Pauwels, Wallach, Kusamba, Muninga, Aristote, Mali, Badjedjea, Penner, Roedel, Rivera, Sterkhova, Johnson, Tapondjou Nkonmeneck & Brown 2021 Hughes 1983 [as blandingii] Pitman 1974 [as blandingii] Spawls & Branch 1995 [as blandingii] Spawls 1978 [as blandingii] Spawls, Howell, Drewes & Ashe 2002 [as blandingii] Spawls, Howell, Hinkel & Menegon 2018 [as blandingii]  Family Elapidae [part 1: terrestrial species] (Cobras, Mambas, etc.) Genus Dendroaspis (Mambas)   Dendroaspis intermedius Eastern Green Mamba Broadley & Howell 1991 [as D. angusticeps] Broadley 1983 [as D. angusticeps] David & Ineich 1999 [as D. angusticeps] Golay, Smith, Broadley, Dixon, McCarthy, Rage, Schatti & Toriba 1993 [as D. angusticeps] Loveridge 1957 [as D. angusticeps] Spawls & Branch 1995 [as D. angusticeps] Spawls 1978 [as D. angusticeps] Spawls, Howell, Drewes & Ashe 2002 [as D. angusticeps] Spawls, Howell, Hinkel & Menegon 2018 [as D. angusticeps]   Dendroaspis jamesonii Central African Green Mamba David & Ineich 1999 Golay, Smith, Broadley, Dixon, McCarthy, Rage, Schatti & Toriba 1993 Hughes 1983 Loveridge 1957 Spawls & Branch 1995 Spawls 1978 Spawls, Howell, Drewes & Ashe 2002 Spawls, Howell, Hinkel & Menegon 2018   Dendroaspis polylepis Black Mamba David & Ineich 1999 Loveridge 1957 Spawls & Branch 1995 Spawls 1978 Spawls, Howell, Drewes & Ashe 2002 Spawls, Howell, Hinkel & Menegon 2018 Genus Elapsoidea (African Garter Snakes)   Elapsoidea loveridgei Northeastern Garter Snake Broadley & Howell 1991 Broadley 1971 David & Ineich 1999 Golay, Smith, Broadley, Dixon, McCarthy, Rage, Schatti & Toriba 1993 Jakobsen 1997 Lanza 1990 Loveridge 1957 Spawls & Branch 1995 Spawls 1978 Spawls, Howell, Drewes & Ashe 2002 Spawls, Howell, Hinkel & Menegon 2018   Elapsoidea nigra Usambara Garter Snake Spawls, Howell, Hinkel & Menegon 2018 Genus Naja (Typical Cobras)   Naja ashei East African Spitting Cobra Spawls, Howell, Hinkel & Menegon 2018 Wallach, Williams & Boundy 2014 Wuster & Broadley 2007   Naja haje Egyptian Cobra Hughes 1983 Sindaco, Venchi & Grieco 2013 Spawls & Branch 1995 Spawls 1978 Spawls, Howell, Drewes & Ashe 2002 Spawls, Howell, Hinkel & Menegon 2018 Trape, Chirio, Broadley & Wuster 2009   Naja nigricollis Black-necked Spitting Cobra Spawls, Howell, Hinkel & Menegon 2018 Wallach, Williams & Boundy 2014 Wuster & Broadley 2007 Wuster, Crookes, Ineich, Mane, Pook, Trape & Broadley 2007   Naja nubiae Nubian Spitting Cobra Sindaco, Venchi & Grieco 2013 Venchi & Sindaco 2007   Naja pallida Eastern Pallid Spitting Cobra Broadley & Howell 1991 Lanza 1990 Loveridge 1957 Spawls & Branch 1995 Spawls 1978 Spawls, Howell, Drewes & Ashe 2002 Spawls, Howell, Hinkel & Menegon 2018 Wallach, Williams & Boundy 2014 Wuster, Crookes, Ineich, Mane, Pook, Trape & Broadley 2007   Naja subfulva Brown Forest Cobra Broadley 1983 [as N. melanoleuca] David & Ineich 1999 [as N. melanoleuca] Hughes 1983 [as N. melanoleuca] Lanza 1990 [as N. melanoleuca] Loveridge 1957 [as N. melanoleuca] Spawls & Branch 1995 [as N. melanoleuca] Spawls 1978 [as N. melanoleuca] Spawls, Howell, Drewes & Ashe 2002 [as N. melanoleuca] Spawls, Howell, Hinkel & Menegon 2018 [as N. melanoleuca] Wuster, Chirio, Trape, Ineich, Jackson, Greenbaum, Barron, Kusamba, Nagy, Storey, Hall, Wuster, Barlow & Broadley 2018 Genus Pseudohaje (Tree Cobras)   Pseudohaje goldii Central African Tree Cobra David & Ineich 1999 Golay, Smith, Broadley, Dixon, McCarthy, Rage, Schatti & Toriba 1993 Hughes 1983 Spawls & Branch 1995 Spawls 1978 Spawls, Howell, Drewes & Ashe 2002 Spawls, Howell, Hinkel & Menegon 2018  Family Elapidae [part 2: marine species] (Sea Snakes) Genus Hydrophis (Typical Sea Snakes)   Hydrophis platurus Yellow-bellied Sea Snake David & Ineich 1999 Spawls & Branch 1995 Spawls 1978 Spawls, Howell, Drewes & Ashe 2002 Spawls, Howell, Hinkel & Menegon 2018  Family Lamprophiidae (House Snakes, etc.) Genus Amblyodipsas (Purple-glossed Snakes and Quill-snouted Snakes)   Amblyodipsas polylepis Common Purple-glossed Snake Broadley & Howell 1991 Broadley 1971 Loveridge 1957 [as Calamelaps unicolor warreni] Spawls 1978 Spawls, Howell, Drewes & Ashe 2002 Spawls, Howell, Hinkel & Menegon 2018 Wallach, Williams & Boundy 2014   * Amblyodipsas teitana Taita Hills Purple-glossed Snake Broadley 1971 Spawls 1978 Spawls, Howell, Drewes & Ashe 2002 Spawls, Howell, Hinkel & Menegon 2018 Wallach, Williams & Boundy 2014   Amblyodipsas unicolor Equatorial Purple-glossed Snake Broadley 1971 Loveridge 1957 Spawls 1978 Spawls, Howell, Drewes & Ashe 2002 Spawls, Howell, Hinkel & Menegon 2018 Wallach, Williams & Boundy 2014 Genus Aparallactus (African Centipede Eaters)   Aparallactus capensis Cape Centipede Eater Spawls, Howell, Hinkel & Menegon 2018 Wallach, Williams & Boundy 2014   Aparallactus guentheri East African Black Centipede Eater Broadley & Howell 1991 Broadley 1983 Loveridge 1957 Spawls 1978 Spawls, Howell, Drewes & Ashe 2002 Spawls, Howell, Hinkel & Menegon 2018 Wallach, Williams & Boundy 2014   Aparallactus jacksonii Sudan Centipede Eater Broadley & Howell 1991 Lanza 1990 Loveridge 1957 Spawls 1978 Spawls, Howell, Drewes & Ashe 2002 Spawls, Howell, Hinkel & Menegon 2018 Wallach, Williams & Boundy 2014   Aparallactus lunulatus Reticulated Centipede Eater Hughes 1983 Loveridge 1957 Spawls 1978 Spawls, Howell, Drewes & Ashe 2002 Spawls, Howell, Hinkel & Menegon 2018 Wallach, Williams & Boundy 2014   * Aparallactus turneri Malindi Centipede Eater Loveridge 1957 Spawls 1978 Spawls, Howell, Drewes & Ashe 2002 Spawls, Howell, Hinkel & Menegon 2018 Wallach, Williams & Boundy 2014 Genus Atractaspis (Stiletto Snakes)   Atractaspis bibronii Southern Stiletto Snake Broadley & Howell 1991 Broadley 1983 Broadley 1991 David & Ineich 1999 Laurent 1950 Loveridge 1957 Spawls & Branch 1995 Spawls 1978 Spawls, Howell, Drewes & Ashe 2002 Spawls, Howell, Hinkel & Menegon 2018 Wallach, Williams & Boundy 2014   Atractaspis engdahli Kismayu Stiletto Snake David & Ineich 1999 Lanza 1990 Spawls & Branch 1995 Spawls 1978 Spawls, Howell, Drewes & Ashe 2002 Spawls, Howell, Hinkel & Menegon 2018 Wallach, Williams & Boundy 2014   Atractaspis fallax False Stiletto Snake David & Ineich 1999 Golay, Smith, Broadley, Dixon, McCarthy, Rage, Schatti & Toriba 1993 Hughes 1983 Lanza 1990 Laurent 1950 Spawls & Branch 1995 [as A. microlepidota] Spawls, Howell, Hinkel & Menegon 2018 Wallach, Williams & Boundy 2014   Atractaspis irregularis Variable Stiletto Snake Broadley & Howell 1991 David & Ineich 1999 Golay, Smith, Broadley, Dixon, McCarthy, Rage, Schatti & Toriba 1993 Hughes 1983 Largen & Rasmussen 1993 Laurent 1950 Loveridge 1957 Spawls & Branch 1995 Spawls 1978 Spawls, Howell, Drewes & Ashe 2002 Spawls, Howell, Hinkel & Menegon 2018 Wallach, Williams & Boundy 2014 Genus Boaedon (Afro-Arabian House Snakes)   Boaedon capensis Brown House Snake Hughes 1997   Boaedon fuliginosus Common African House Snake Hughes 1983 Hughes 1997 Loveridge 1957 Spawls 1978 Spawls, Howell, Drewes & Ashe 2002 Spawls, Howell, Hinkel & Menegon 2018   Boaedon olivaceus Olive House Snake Chirio & LeBreton 2007 Spawls, Howell, Hinkel & Menegon 2018 Genus Dromophis (Olympic Snakes)   Dromophis lineatus Lined Olympic Snake Hoevers 1981 Hughes 1983 Hughes 2004 Spawls, Howell, Drewes & Ashe 2002 Spawls, Howell, Hinkel & Menegon 2018 Genus Duberria (African Slug Eaters)   Duberria lutrix Common Slug Eater Broadley & Howell 1991 Hoevers 1981 Loveridge 1957 Spawls 1978 Spawls, Howell, Drewes & Ashe 2002 Spawls, Howell, Hinkel & Menegon 2018 Genus Gracililima (Black File Snake)   Gracililima nyassae Black File Snake Broadley & Howell 1991 Broadley 1983 Lanza 1990 Loveridge 1957 Spawls 1978 Spawls, Howell, Drewes & Ashe 2002 Spawls, Howell, Hinkel & Menegon 2018 Genus Hemirhagerrhis (Bark Snakes)   Hemirhagerrhis hildebrandtii Kenyan Bark Snake Broadley & Hughes 2000 Spawls, Howell, Hinkel & Menegon 2018   Hemirhagerrhis kelleri Stripe-bellied Bark Snake Broadley & Hughes 2000 Loveridge 1957 Spawls 1978 Spawls, Howell, Drewes & Ashe 2002 Spawls, Howell, Hinkel & Menegon 2018   Hemirhagerrhis nototaenia Southeastern Bark Snake Broadley & Hughes 2000 Spawls, Howell, Drewes & Ashe 2002 Spawls, Howell, Hinkel & Menegon 2018 Genus Hormonotus (Yellow Forest Snake)   Hormonotus modestus Yellow Forest Snake Spawls 1978 Spawls, Howell, Drewes & Ashe 2002 Spawls, Howell, Hinkel & Menegon 2018 Genus Limaformosa (Venus File Snakes)   Limaformosa chanleri Unicolor File Snake Broadley & Howell 1991 [as unicolor] Broadley, Tolley, Conradie, Wishart, Trape, Burger, Kusamba, Zassi-Boulou & Greenbaum 2018 Lanza & Broadley 2014 Spawls, Howell, Drewes & Ashe 2002 [as unicolor] Spawls, Howell, Hinkel & Menegon 2018 Stejneger 1893   Limaformosa savorgnani Central African Forest File Snake Lanza & Broadley 2014 Lanza 1983 Lanza 1990 Largen & Rasmussen 1993 [as capensis] Loveridge 1957 Pitman 1974 Spawls 1978 Spawls, Howell, Hinkel & Menegon 2018 Genus Lycophidion (African Wolf Snakes)   Lycophidion capense Cape Wolf Snake Broadley & Hughes 1993 Hughes 1983 Laurent 1968 Spawls 1978 Spawls, Howell, Drewes & Ashe 2002 Spawls, Howell, Hinkel & Menegon 2018   Lycophidion depressirostre Flat-snouted Wolf Snake Broadley & Hughes 1993 Broadley 1996 Laurent 1968 Spawls 1978 Spawls, Howell, Drewes & Ashe 2002 Spawls, Howell, Hinkel & Menegon 2018   Lycophidion jacksoni Kilimanjaro Wolf Snake Broadley & Howell 1991 Broadley 1996 Laurent 1968 Spawls 1978 Trape 2021   Lycophidion meleagre Speckled Wolf Snake Broadley 1996 Spawls, Howell, Hinkel & Menegon 2018   Lycophidion ornatum Ornate Wolf Snake Broadley & Hughes 1993 Broadley 1996 Hughes 1983 Laurent 1968 Loveridge 1957 Spawls, Howell, Drewes & Ashe 2002 Spawls, Howell, Hinkel & Menegon 2018   Lycophidion taylori Somali Wolf Snake Broadley & Hughes 1993 Spawls, Howell, Drewes & Ashe 2002 Spawls, Howell, Hinkel & Menegon 2018 Genus Polemon (African Snake Eaters)   Polemon christyi Eastern Snake Eater Hughes 1983 Pitman 1974 Portillo, Branch, Tilbury, Nagy, Hughes, Kusamba, Muninga, Aristote, Behangana & Greenbaum 2019 Spawls 1978 Spawls, Howell, Drewes & Ashe 2002 Spawls, Howell, Hinkel & Menegon 2018 Genus Prosymna (Shovel-snout Snakes)   Prosymna ambigua Central African Shovel-snout Broadley & Howell 1991 Broadley 1980 Hughes 1983 Spawls, Howell, Drewes & Ashe 2002 Spawls, Howell, Hinkel & Menegon 2018   Prosymna ruspolii Southern Somali Shovel-snout Broadley 1980 Lanza 1990 Spawls, Howell, Drewes & Ashe 2002 Spawls, Howell, Hinkel & Menegon 2018   Prosymna semifasciata Banded Shovel-snout Spawls, Howell, Hinkel & Menegon 2018   Prosymna stuhlmannii East African Shovel-snout Broadley 1980 Loveridge 1957 Spawls 1978 Spawls, Howell, Drewes & Ashe 2002 Spawls, Howell, Hinkel & Menegon 2018 Genus Psammophis (Old World Sand Snakes and Grass Snakes)   Psammophis biseriatus Eastern Link-marked Sand Snake Broadley & Howell 1991 Largen & Rasmussen 1993 Loveridge 1957 Spawls 1978 Spawls, Howell, Drewes & Ashe 2002 Spawls, Howell, Hinkel & Menegon 2018   Psammophis mossambicus East African Olive Grass Snake Broadley & Howell 1991 [as P. phillipsi] Broadley 1977 [as P. phillipsi] Hughes 1983 [as P. phillipsi] Spawls, Howell, Drewes & Ashe 2002 Spawls, Howell, Hinkel & Menegon 2018 Trape, Crochet, Broadley, Sourouille, Mane, Burger, Boehme, Saleh, Karan, Lanza & Mediannikov 2019 Wagner & Boehme 2007 [as P. phillipsi]   Psammophis orientalis Eastern Stripe-bellied Sand Snake Broadley & Howell 1991 Broadley 1977 Broadley 1983 Broadley 2002 Spawls, Howell, Drewes & Ashe 2002 Spawls, Howell, Hinkel & Menegon 2018 Trape, Crochet, Broadley, Sourouille, Mane, Burger, Boehme, Saleh, Karan, Lanza & Mediannikov 2019   Psammophis pulcher Venus Sand Snake Largen & Rasmussen 1993 Spawls 1978 Spawls, Howell, Drewes & Ashe 2002 Spawls, Howell, Hinkel & Menegon 2018   Psammophis rukwae Lake Rukwa Sand Snake Spawls, Howell, Drewes & Ashe 2002 Spawls, Howell, Hinkel & Menegon 2018 Trape, Crochet, Broadley, Sourouille, Mane, Burger, Boehme, Saleh, Karan, Lanza & Mediannikov 2019   Psammophis sudanensis Sudan Sand Snake Loveridge 1957 Pitman 1974 Spawls 1978 Spawls, Howell, Drewes & Ashe 2002 Spawls, Howell, Hinkel & Menegon 2018 Trape, Crochet, Broadley, Sourouille, Mane, Burger, Boehme, Saleh, Karan, Lanza & Mediannikov 2019   Psammophis tanganicus Tanganyika Sand Snake Pitman 1974 Sindaco, Venchi & Grieco 2013 Spawls, Howell, Drewes & Ashe 2002 Spawls, Howell, Hinkel & Menegon 2018   Psammophis trivirgatus Southern Speckled Sand Snake Broadley & Howell 1991 Lanza 1990 Loveridge 1957 Pitman 1974 Sindaco, Venchi & Grieco 2013 [as P. punctulatus] Spawls 1978 Spawls, Howell, Drewes & Ashe 2002 Spawls, Howell, Hinkel & Menegon 2018 Genus Psammophylax (Skaapstekers)   Psammophylax multisquamis Kenyan Striped Skaapsteker Broadley & Howell 1991 Broadley 1976 Keates, Conradie, Greenbaum & Edwards 2019 Loveridge 1957 Spawls 1978 Spawls, Howell, Drewes & Ashe 2002 Genus Pseudaspis (African Mole Snake)   Pseudaspis cana African Mole Snake Broadley & Howell 1991 Broadley 1983 Loveridge 1957 Spawls 1978 Spawls, Howell, Drewes & Ashe 2002 Spawls, Howell, Hinkel & Menegon 2018 Genus Rhamphiophis (Beaked Snakes)   Rhamphiophis rostratus Rufous Beaked Snake Broadley & Howell 1991 Broadley 1983 Chirio & Ineich 1991 Lanza 1990 Loveridge 1957 Pitman 1974 Spawls 1978 Spawls, Howell, Drewes & Ashe 2002   Rhamphiophis rubropunctatus Red-spotted Beaked Snake Broadley & Howell 1991 Chirio & Ineich 1991 Lanza 1990 Largen & Rasmussen 1993 Loveridge 1957 Pitman 1974 Spawls 1978 Spawls, Howell, Drewes & Ashe 2002  Family Leptotyphlopidae (Thread Snakes) Genus Epacrophis (Thorn-tailed Thread Snakes)   * Epacrophis boulengeri Lamu Thread Snake Broadley & Wallach 2007 Loveridge 1957 Spawls 1978   * Epacrophis drewesi Isiolo Thread Snake Broadley & Wallach 2007 McDiarmid, Campbell & Toure 1999 Spawls, Howell, Hinkel & Menegon 2018 Genus Leptotyphlops (Typical Thread Snakes)   Leptotyphlops aethiopicus Ethiopian Thread Snake Broadley & Wallach 2007 Spawls, Howell, Hinkel & Menegon 2018   Leptotyphlops howelli Mchungu Forest Thread Snake Spawls, Howell, Hinkel & Menegon 2018   Leptotyphlops keniensis Mount Kenya Thread Snake Broadley & Wallach 2007 Spawls, Howell, Hinkel & Menegon 2018   Leptotyphlops macrops Large-eyed Thread Snake Broadley & Wallach 1996 Broadley & Wallach 2007 McDiarmid, Campbell & Toure 1999 Spawls, Howell, Hinkel & Menegon 2018   Leptotyphlops merkeri Mount Kilimanjaro Thread Snake Adalsteinsson, Branch, Trape, Vitt & Hedges 2009 Broadley & Wallach 2007 Spawls, Howell, Hinkel & Menegon 2018   Leptotyphlops nigroterminus Black-tipped Thread Snake Broadley & Wallach 2007 Spawls, Howell, Hinkel & Menegon 2018   Leptotyphlops pitmani Uganda Thread Snake Broadley & Wallach 2007 Spawls, Howell, Hinkel & Menegon 2018 Genus Myriopholis (Many-scaled Thread Snakes)   Myriopholis braccianii Eritrean Mountain Thread Snake Broadley & Wallach 2007 Spawls, Howell, Hinkel & Menegon 2018   Myriopholis longicauda Southern African Long-tailed Thread Snake Broadley & Broadley 1999 Broadley & Howell 1991 Broadley & Watson 1976 Broadley 1983 Loveridge 1957 McDiarmid, Campbell & Toure 1999 Spawls 1978 [as Leptotyphlops fiechteri] Spawls, Howell, Drewes & Ashe 2002   Myriopholis macrorhyncha Large-snouted Thread Snake Broadley & Wallach 2007 Hahn 1978 Sindaco, Venchi & Grieco 2013 Spawls, Howell, Hinkel & Menegon 2018   Myriopholis parkeri Ethiopian Many-scaled Thread Snake Boundy 2013 Spawls, Howell, Hinkel & Menegon 2018   Myriopholis tanae Tana Thread Snake Broadley & Wallach 2007 Spawls, Howell, Hinkel & Menegon 2018  Family Micrelapidae (Short-jawed Rear-fanged Snakes) Genus Micrelaps (Afro-Asian Black-headed Snakes)   Micrelaps bicoloratus Kenya Two-coloured Snake Broadley & Howell 1991 Loveridge 1957 Rasmussen 2002 Spawls 1978 Spawls, Howell, Drewes & Ashe 2002 Spawls, Howell, Hinkel & Menegon 2018   Micrelaps vaillanti Somali Black-headed Snake Largen & Rasmussen 1993 [as M. boettgeri] Pitman 1974 [as M. boettgeri] Rasmussen 2002 Spawls 1978 Spawls, Howell, Drewes & Ashe 2002 [as M. boettgeri] Spawls, Howell, Hinkel & Menegon 2018  Family Pythonidae (Pythons) Genus Python (Typical Pythons)   Python natalensis Southern Rock Python Broadley & Howell 1991 Broadley 1984 Chippaux & Jackson 2019 Spawls & Branch 1995 Spawls, Howell, Drewes & Ashe 2002 Spawls, Howell, Hinkel & Menegon 2018   Python sebae Northern Rock Python Broadley 1984 Hughes 1983 Spawls & Branch 1995 Spawls 1978 Spawls, Howell, Drewes & Ashe 2002 Spawls, Howell, Hinkel & Menegon 2018  Family Typhlopidae (Typical Blind Snakes) Genus Afrotyphlops (African Giant Blind Snakes)   Afrotyphlops angolensis Golden Blind Snake Broadley & Howell 1991 Broadley & Wallach 2009 Hahn 1980 Hughes 1983 McDiarmid, Campbell & Toure 1999 Spawls 1978 Spawls, Howell, Drewes & Ashe 2002 Spawls, Howell, Hinkel & Menegon 2018 Wallach, Williams & Boundy 2014   Afrotyphlops brevis Somali Giant Blind Snake Broadley & Wallach 2009 Spawls, Howell, Drewes & Ashe 2002 Spawls, Howell, Hinkel & Menegon 2018   Afrotyphlops calabresii Hargeisa Blind Snake Broadley & Wallach 2009 Spawls, Howell, Hinkel & Menegon 2018   * Afrotyphlops kaimosae Kakamega Blind Snake Broadley & Wallach 2009 Spawls, Howell, Hinkel & Menegon 2018 Wallach, Williams & Boundy 2014   Afrotyphlops lineolatus Lineolate Blind Snake Broadley & Wallach 2009 Hahn 1980 Hughes 1983 McDiarmid, Campbell & Toure 1999 Spawls 1978 Spawls, Howell, Drewes & Ashe 2002 Spawls, Howell, Hinkel & Menegon 2018 Wallach, Williams & Boundy 2014   Afrotyphlops mucruso Zambezi Giant Blind Snake Broadley & Wallach 2009 Broadley 1983 Hahn 1980 Spawls 1978 Spawls, Howell, Drewes & Ashe 2002 Spawls, Howell, Hinkel & Menegon 2018   * Afrotyphlops nanus Kenyan Dwarf Blind Snake Broadley & Wallach 2009 Spawls, Howell, Hinkel & Menegon 2018 Wallach, Williams & Boundy 2014   Afrotyphlops punctatus Spotted Blind Snake Hughes 1983 Spawls 1978 Genus Letheobia (African Gracile Blind Snakes)   Letheobia lumbriciformis Zanzibar Gracile Blind Snake Broadley & Wallach 2007 McDiarmid, Campbell & Toure 1999 Spawls, Howell, Hinkel & Menegon 2018   * Letheobia mbeerensis Mbeere Gracile Blind Snake Malonza, Bauer & Ngwava 2016 Spawls, Howell, Hinkel & Menegon 2018   Letheobia swahilica Swahili Gracile Blind Snake Broadley & Wallach 2007 Spawls, Howell, Hinkel & Menegon 2018 Genus Rhinotyphlops (African Beaked Blind Snakes)   Rhinotyphlops ataeniatus Somali Gracile Blind Snake Broadley & Wallach 2007 McDiarmid, Campbell & Toure 1999 Spawls, Howell, Hinkel & Menegon 2018   Rhinotyphlops unitaeniatus Yellow-striped Gracile Blind Snake Broadley & Wallach 2007 Spawls, Howell, Hinkel & Menegon 2018  Family Viperidae (Vipers) Genus Atheris (African Bush Vipers)   * Atheris desaixi Mount Kenya Bush Viper Broadley 1998 David & Ineich 1999 McDiarmid, Campbell & Toure 1999 Spawls & Branch 1995 Spawls 1978 Spawls, Howell, Drewes & Ashe 2002 Spawls, Howell, Hinkel & Menegon 2018 Wallach, Williams & Boundy 2014   Atheris hispida Rough-scaled Bush Viper Broadley 1998 David & Ineich 1999 Groen, Bok, Tiemann & Verspui 2019 Hughes 1983 McDiarmid, Campbell & Toure 1999 Spawls & Branch 1995 Spawls 1978 Spawls, Howell, Drewes & Ashe 2002 Spawls, Howell, Hinkel & Menegon 2018 Wallach, Williams & Boundy 2014   Atheris squamigera Southern Green Bush Viper Broadley 1998 David & Ineich 1999 Hughes 1983 Lawson 1999 Loveridge 1957 McDiarmid, Campbell & Toure 1999 Spawls & Branch 1995 Spawls 1978 Spawls, Howell, Drewes & Ashe 2002 Spawls, Howell, Hinkel & Menegon 2018 Wallach, Williams & Boundy 2014 Genus Bitis (African Adders)   Bitis arietans Common Puff Adder David & Ineich 1999 Hughes 1983 Lanza 1990 Loveridge 1957 McDiarmid, Campbell & Toure 1999 Spawls & Branch 1995 Spawls 1978 Spawls, Howell, Drewes & Ashe 2002 Spawls, Howell, Hinkel & Menegon 2018   Bitis gabonica Gaboon Adder Broadley & Howell 1991 Hughes 1983 Spawls & Branch 1995 Spawls 1978 Spawls, Howell, Drewes & Ashe 2002 Spawls, Howell, Hinkel & Menegon 2018   Bitis nasicornis African Nose-horned Viper Broadley & Howell 1991 David & Ineich 1999 Hughes 1983 Loveridge 1957 McDiarmid, Campbell & Toure 1999 Spawls & Branch 1995 Spawls 1978 Spawls, Howell, Drewes & Ashe 2002 Spawls, Howell, Hinkel & Menegon 2018   * Bitis worthingtoni Kenya Horned Viper Loveridge 1957 McDiarmid, Campbell & Toure 1999 Spawls & Branch 1995 Spawls 1978 Spawls, Howell, Drewes & Ashe 2002 Spawls, Howell, Hinkel & Menegon 2018 Genus Causus (Night Adders)   Causus defilippii Snouted Night Adder Broadley & Howell 1991 David & Ineich 1999 Spawls & Branch 1995 Spawls 1978 Spawls, Howell, Drewes & Ashe 2002 Spawls, Howell, Hinkel & Menegon 2018   Causus lichtensteinii Forest Night Adder David & Ineich 1999 Hughes 1983 Loveridge 1957 Spawls & Branch 1995 Spawls 1978 Spawls, Howell, Drewes & Ashe 2002 Spawls, Howell, Hinkel & Menegon 2018   Causus resimus Green Night Adder Broadley & Howell 1991 David & Ineich 1999 Lanza 1990 Spawls & Branch 1995 Spawls 1978 Spawls, Howell, Drewes & Ashe 2002 Spawls, Howell, Hinkel & Menegon 2018   Causus rhombeatus Rhombic Night Adder David & Ineich 1999 Hughes 1983 Loveridge 1957 Spawls & Branch 1995 Spawls 1978 Spawls, Howell, Drewes & Ashe 2002 Spawls, Howell, Hinkel & Menegon 2018 Genus Echis (Carpet Vipers)   Echis pyramidum North East African Carpet Viper David & Ineich 1999 Hughes 1976 Lanza 1990 McDiarmid, Campbell & Toure 1999 Pook, Joger, Stumpel & Wuster 2009 Sindaco, Venchi & Grieco 2013 Spawls & Branch 1995 Spawls 1978 Spawls, Howell, Hinkel & Menegon 2018 Genus Montatheris (Kenya Montane Viper)   * Montatheris hindii Kenya Montane Viper David & Ineich 1999 McDiarmid, Campbell & Toure 1999 Spawls & Branch 1995 Spawls 1978 Spawls, Howell, Drewes & Ashe 2002 Spawls, Howell, Hinkel & Menegon 2018

	Turtles (Testudines)
	= endemicEX = extinct or assumed extinct Species References  Family Cheloniidae (Hard-shelled Sea Turtles) Genus Caretta (Loggerhead Sea Turtle)   Caretta caretta Loggerhead Sea Turtle Frazier in Bjorndal (ed.) 1982 King & Burke 1989 Rhodin, Iverson, Bour, Fritz, Georges, Shaffer & Dijk 2021 Spawls, Howell, Hinkel & Menegon 2018 Genus Chelonia (Green Sea Turtle)   Chelonia mydas Green Sea Turtle Frazier in Bjorndal (ed.) 1982 King & Burke 1989 Pritchard 1979 Rhodin, Iverson, Bour, Fritz, Georges, Shaffer & Dijk 2021 Spawls, Howell, Drewes & Ashe 2002 Spawls, Howell, Hinkel & Menegon 2018 Genus Eretmochelys (Hawksbill Sea Turtle)   Eretmochelys imbricata Hawksbill Sea Turtle Frazier in Bjorndal (ed.) 1982 King & Burke 1989 Rhodin, Iverson, Bour, Fritz, Georges, Shaffer & Dijk 2021 Spawls, Howell, Drewes & Ashe 2002 Spawls, Howell, Hinkel & Menegon 2018 Genus Lepidochelys (Ridley Sea Turtles)   Lepidochelys olivacea Olive Ridley Sea Turtle Frazier in Bjorndal (ed.) 1982 King & Burke 1989 Rhodin, Iverson, Bour, Fritz, Georges, Shaffer & Dijk 2021 Spawls, Howell, Drewes & Ashe 2002 Spawls, Howell, Hinkel & Menegon 2018  Family Dermochelyidae (Leatherback Sea Turtle) Genus Dermochelys (Leatherback Sea Turtle)   Dermochelys coriacea Leatherback Sea Turtle Frazier in Bjorndal (ed.) 1982 King & Burke 1989 Rhodin, Iverson, Bour, Fritz, Georges, Shaffer & Dijk 2021 Spawls, Howell, Drewes & Ashe 2002 Spawls, Howell, Hinkel & Menegon 2018  Family Pelomedusidae (African Side-necked Turtles) Genus Pelomedusa (African Helmeted Turtles)   Pelomedusa neumanni Kenyan Helmeted Turtle Boycott & Bourquin 2008 [as subrufa] Petzold, Vargas-Ramirez, Kehlmaier, Vamberger, Branch, Preez, Hofmeyr, Meyer, Schleicher, Siroky & Fritz 2014 Rhodin, Iverson, Bour, Fritz, Georges, Shaffer & Dijk 2021 Spawls, Howell, Drewes & Ashe 2002 [as subrufa] Spawls, Howell, Hinkel & Menegon 2018   Pelomedusa subrufa Common Helmeted Turtle Rhodin, Iverson, Bour, Fritz, Georges, Shaffer & Dijk 2021 Spawls, Howell, Hinkel & Menegon 2018 Genus Pelusios (African Mud Turtles)   * Pelusios broadleyi Lake Turkana Mud Turtle Fritz & Havas 2006 Iverson 1992 Rhodin, Iverson, Bour, Fritz, Georges, Shaffer & Dijk 2021 Spawls, Howell, Drewes & Ashe 2002 Spawls, Howell, Hinkel & Menegon 2018   Pelusios castanoides Yellow-bellied Mud Turtle Fritz & Havas 2006 Iverson 1992 McCord, Joseph-Ouni & Bour 2004 Rhodin, Iverson, Bour, Fritz, Georges, Shaffer & Dijk 2021 Spawls, Howell, Drewes & Ashe 2002 Spawls, Howell, Hinkel & Menegon 2018   Pelusios sinuatus East African Serrated Mud Turtle Broadley & Boycott 2009 Iverson 1992 Rhodin, Iverson, Bour, Fritz, Georges, Shaffer & Dijk 2021 Spawls, Howell, Drewes & Ashe 2002 Spawls, Howell, Hinkel & Menegon 2018   Pelusios williamsi Lake Victoria Mud Turtle Fritz & Havas 2006 Iverson 1992 Rhodin, Iverson, Bour, Fritz, Georges, Shaffer & Dijk 2021 Spawls, Howell, Drewes & Ashe 2002 Spawls, Howell, Hinkel & Menegon 2018  Family Testudinidae (Tortoises) Genus Kinixys (Hinge-back Tortoises)   Kinixys belliana Central African Hinge-back Tortoise Rhodin, Iverson, Bour, Fritz, Georges, Shaffer & Dijk 2021 Spawls, Howell, Hinkel & Menegon 2018   Kinixys nogueyi Western Savanna Hinge-back Tortoise Iverson 1992 [as belliana] King & Burke 1989 [as belliana] McCord, Joseph-Ouni & Tabaka 2005 [as belliana] Spawls, Howell, Drewes & Ashe 2002 [as belliana]   Kinixys spekii Eastern Savanna Hinge-back Tortoise Fritz & Havas 2006 Hailey, Broadley, Boycott & Spawls 2021 Ihlow, Farooq, Gvozdik, Hofmeyr, Conradie, Campbell, Harvey, Verburgt & Fritz 2019 Iverson 1992 Rhodin, Iverson, Bour, Fritz, Georges, Shaffer & Dijk 2021 Spawls, Howell, Drewes & Ashe 2002 Spawls, Howell, Hinkel & Menegon 2018   Kinixys zombensis Southeastern Hinge-back Tortoise McCord, Joseph-Ouni & Tabaka 2005 Rhodin, Iverson, Bour, Fritz, Georges, Shaffer & Dijk 2021 Spawls, Howell, Hinkel & Menegon 2018 Genus Malacochersus (African Pancake Tortoise)   Malacochersus tornieri African Pancake Tortoise Fritz & Havas 2006 Iverson 1992 King & Burke 1989 Mwaya, Moll, Malonza & Ngwava 2018 Rhodin, Iverson, Bour, Fritz, Georges, Shaffer & Dijk 2021 Spawls, Howell, Drewes & Ashe 2002 Spawls, Howell, Hinkel & Menegon 2018 Wermuth & Mertens 1977 Genus Stigmochelys (Leopard Tortoise)   Stigmochelys pardalis Leopard Tortoise King & Burke 1989 Rhodin, Iverson, Bour, Fritz, Georges, Shaffer & Dijk 2021 Spawls, Howell, Drewes & Ashe 2002 Spawls, Howell, Hinkel & Menegon 2018  Family Trionychidae (Softshell Turtles) Genus Trionyx (African Softshell Turtle)   Trionyx triunguis African Softshell Turtle King & Burke 1989 Rhodin, Iverson, Bour, Fritz, Georges, Shaffer & Dijk 2021 Spawls, Howell, Drewes & Ashe 2002 Spawls, Howell, Hinkel & Menegon 2018