Turtles of USA   Related checklists:  Reptiles of the USA (main menu) Bibliography of the reptiles of USA

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Citation: Midtgaard, Rune. RepFocus - A Survey of the Reptiles of the World. www.repfocus.dk (Compilation date: 14th April, 2023).

Checklist General remarks: The list includes only formally described species. Newly discovered, but still unnamed species are excluded. However, unnamed species or species unassigned to species level are included, if they are the only representatives of their genus in the region. Species counts exclude extinct and introduced species. Doubtful records, typically older voucher specimens of uncertain origin, have been excluded if considered questionable, as are records based on sources considered unreliable or controversial. Note: Your comments to the checklist (omissions, errors, etc.) are welcomed, preferably if they are provided with reliable references. If possible, please attach a pdf file of the relevant reference to an email addressed to:

	Turtles (Testudines)
	= endemicEX = extinct or assumed extinct Species References  Family Cheloniidae (Hard-shelled Sea Turtles) Genus Caretta (Loggerhead Sea Turtle)   Caretta caretta Loggerhead Sea Turtle Ashton & Ashton 1985 Balazs in Bjorndal (ed.) 1982 Bane 1992 Behler & King 1979 Brandner 1983 Camper 2019 Conant & Collins 1998 Dixon 2013 Drowne 1905 Dundee & Rossman 1989 Duran 2021 Fowler 1907 Garrett & Barker 1987 Gibbs, Breisch, Ducey, Johnson, Behler & Bothner 2007 Harris 1975 Hodge & Wing 2000 Hodge 1982 Hodge 1992 Hunter, Albright & Arbuckle 1992 Hunter, Calhoun & McCollough 1999 Jensen, Camp, Gibbons & Elliott (eds.) 2008 Klemens 1993 Krysko, Enge & Moler 2019 Lohoefener & Altig 1983 Marquez 1969 Martof, Palmer, Bailey & Harrison 1980 McKeown 1996 Mirarchi 2004 Mitchell 1994 Mount 1975 North Carolina Wildlife Resources Commission 2005 Palmer & Braswell 1995 Price & Dorcas 2011 Pritchard 1979 Rhodin, Iverson, Bour, Fritz, Georges, Shaffer & Dijk 2021 Savannah River Ecology Laboratory 2013 Stebbins & McGinnis 2012 Stebbins 1972 Stebbins 1985 Stebbins 2003 Vitt & Laerm 1982 White & White 2002 Zug 2013 Genus Chelonia (Green Sea Turtle)   Chelonia mydas Green Sea Turtle Ashton & Ashton 1985 Balazs in Bjorndal (ed.) 1982 Balazs, Craig, Winton & Miya 1994 Behler & King 1979 Camper 2019 Conant & Collins 1998 Dixon 2013 Drowne 1905 Dundee & Rossman 1989 Duran 2021 Forbes & McKey-Fender 1968 Fowler 1907 Garrett & Barker 1987 Gibbs, Breisch, Ducey, Johnson, Behler & Bothner 2007 Harris 1975 Hodge & Wing 2000 Hodge 1981 Humburg & Balazs 2014 Iverson 1992 Jensen, Camp, Gibbons & Elliott (eds.) 2008 King & Burke 1989 Klemens 1993 Krysko, Enge & Moler 2019 Lohoefener & Altig 1983 Martof, Palmer, Bailey & Harrison 1980 McKeown 1996 Mirarchi 2004 Mitchell 1994 Mount 1975 North Carolina Wildlife Resources Commission 2005 Oliver & Shaw 1953 Palmer & Braswell 1995 Pritchard 1979 Rhodin, Iverson, Bour, Fritz, Georges, Shaffer & Dijk 2021 Savannah River Ecology Laboratory 2013 Selman, King, Stultz, Cassady, Magro, Credeur & Wiebe 2014 Slater 1963 Smith & Houck 1984 Stebbins & McGinnis 2012 Stebbins 1972 Stebbins 1985 Stebbins 2003 Vitt & Laerm 1982 Westlake & Siepmann 1988 White & White 2002 Zug 2013 Genus Eretmochelys (Hawksbill Sea Turtle)   Eretmochelys imbricata Hawksbill Sea Turtle Ashton & Ashton 1985 Balazs in Bjorndal (ed.) 1982 Behler & King 1979 Conant & Collins 1998 Dixon 2013 Dundee & Rossman 1989 Duran 2021 Garrett & Barker 1987 Harris 1975 Jensen, Camp, Gibbons & Elliott (eds.) 2008 Keinath, Musick & Swingle 1991 Klemens 1993 Krysko, Enge & Moler 2019 Lohoefener & Altig 1983 Martof, Palmer, Bailey & Harrison 1980 McKeown 1996 Mitchell 1994 Mount 1975 North Carolina Wildlife Resources Commission 2005 Oliver & Shaw 1953 Palmer & Braswell 1995 Pritchard 1979 Rhodin, Iverson, Bour, Fritz, Georges, Shaffer & Dijk 2021 Savannah River Ecology Laboratory 2013 Stebbins & McGinnis 2012 Stebbins 2003 White & White 2002 Zug 2013 Genus Lepidochelys (Ridley Sea Turtles)   Lepidochelys kempii Atlantic Ridley Sea Turtle Ashton & Ashton 1985 Behler & King 1979 Camper 2019 Conant & Collins 1998 Dixon 2013 Dundee & Rossman 1989 Duran 2021 Garrett & Barker 1987 Gibbs, Breisch, Ducey, Johnson, Behler & Bothner 2007 Gramentz & Fritz in Fritz (ed.) 2005 Harris 1975 Hunter, Albright & Arbuckle 1992 Hunter, Calhoun & McCollough 1999 Jensen, Camp, Gibbons & Elliott (eds.) 2008 Klemens 1993 Krysko, Enge & Moler 2019 Lohoefener & Altig 1983 Martof, Palmer, Bailey & Harrison 1980 Mirarchi 2004 Mitchell 1994 Mount 1975 North Carolina Wildlife Resources Commission 2005 Palmer & Braswell 1995 Rhodin, Iverson, Bour, Fritz, Georges, Shaffer & Dijk 2021 Savannah River Ecology Laboratory 2013 Vitt & Laerm 1982 White & White 2002   Lepidochelys olivacea Olive Ridley Sea Turtle Balazs & Hau 1986 Balazs in Bjorndal (ed.) 1982 Behler & King 1979 Hodge & Wing 2000 Krysko, Enge & Moler 2019 McKeown 1996 Pritchard 1979 Rhodin, Iverson, Bour, Fritz, Georges, Shaffer & Dijk 2021 Smith & Houck 1984 Stebbins & McGinnis 2012 Stebbins 1972 Stebbins 2003 Wing & Hodge 1999 Zug 2013  Family Chelydridae (American Snapping Turtles) Genus Chelydra (American Snapping Turtles)   Chelydra serpentina North American Snapping Turtle Anderson 1965 Andrews 2002 Ashton & Ashton 1985 Ballinger, Lynch & Smith 2010 Ballinger, Meeker & Thies 2000 Barbour 1971 Bartlett & Bartlett 2013 Baxter & Stone 1985 Beane 2013 Behler & King 1979 Camper 2001 Camper 2010 Camper 2019 Carroll & Ultsch 2007 Casper 2008 Christiansen & Bailey 1988 Conant & Collins 1998 Conant 1945 Conant 1951 Daniel & Edmond 2006 Degenhardt, Painter & Price 1996 Dixon 2013 Drowne 1905 Dundee & Rossman 1989 Duran 2021 Fishbeck & Underhill 1959 Fowler 1907 Fritz & Havas 2006 Garrett & Barker 1987 Gentry 1956 Gibbs, Breisch, Ducey, Johnson, Behler & Bothner 2007 Green & Pauley 1987 Hammerson 1999 Harding & Holman 1990 Harris 1975 Holman 2012 Hulse, McCoy & Censky 2001 Hunter, Albright & Arbuckle 1992 Hunter, Calhoun & McCollough 1999 Iverson 1992 Jensen, Camp, Gibbons & Elliott (eds.) 2008 Johnson 2015 Klemens 1993 Krysko, Enge & Moler 2019 LeClere 2013 Lohoefener & Altig 1983 Lynch 1985 Martof, Palmer, Bailey & Harrison 1980 Maslin 1959 Minton 1972 Minton 2001 Mirarchi 2004 Mitchell 1994 Mount 1975 Niemiller, Reynolds & Miller 2013 Oldfield & Moriarty 1994 Olson 1987 Palmer & Braswell 1995 Phillips, Brandon & Moll 1999 Rhodin, Iverson, Bour, Fritz, Georges, Shaffer & Dijk 2021 Savannah River Ecology Laboratory 2013 Scott & Redmond 2008 Sievert & Sievert 1993 Simon, Whitaker, Castrale & Minton 2002 Smith 1956 Smith 1961 Stebbins 2003 Taggart, Collins & Schmidt 2010 Thompson 1982 Trauth, Robison & Plummer 2004 Vance 1985 Vitt & Laerm 1982 Vogt 1981 Watermolen & Murrell 2001 Werner, Maxell, Hendricks & Flath 2004 Wheeler & Wheeler 1966 White & White 2002 Young 2011 Genus Macrochelys (Alligator Snapping Turtles)   * Macrochelys suwanniensis Suwannee Alligator Snapping Turtle Krysko, Enge & Moler 2019 Rhodin, Iverson, Bour, Fritz, Georges, Shaffer & Dijk 2021 Thomas, Granatosky, Bourque, Krysko, Moler, Gamble, Suarez, Leone & Ramon 2014   * Macrochelys temminckii Western Alligator Snapping Turtle Anderson 1965 Ashton & Ashton 1985 Barbour 1971 Behler & King 1979 Conant & Collins 1998 Daniel & Edmond 2006 Dixon 2013 Dundee & Rossman 1989 Garrett & Barker 1987 Gentry 1956 Grannan & Anderson 1992 Iverson 1992 Krysko, Enge & Moler 2019 Lohoefener & Altig 1983 Minton 2001 Mirarchi 2004 Mount 1975 Niemiller, Reynolds & Miller 2013 Phillips, Brandon & Moll 1999 Rhodin, Iverson, Bour, Fritz, Georges, Shaffer & Dijk 2021 Scott & Redmond 2008 Sievert & Sievert 1993 Simon, Whitaker, Castrale & Minton 2002 Smith 1956 Smith 1961 Taggart, Collins & Schmidt 2010 Thomas, Granatosky, Bourque, Krysko, Moler, Gamble, Suarez, Leone & Ramon 2014 [as apalachicolae] Trauth, Robison & Plummer 2004 Vance 1985  Family Dermochelyidae (Leatherback Sea Turtle) Genus Dermochelys (Leatherback Sea Turtle)   Dermochelys coriacea Leatherback Sea Turtle Ashton & Ashton 1985 Balazs in Bjorndal (ed.) 1982 Behler & King 1979 Camper 2019 Conant & Collins 1998 Dixon 2013 Drowne 1905 Dundee & Rossman 1989 Duran 2021 Ernst & Gilroy 1979 Fowler 1907 Garrett & Barker 1987 Gibbs, Breisch, Ducey, Johnson, Behler & Bothner 2007 Harris 1975 Hodge & Wing 2000 Hodge 1976 Honegger 1981 Hunter, Albright & Arbuckle 1992 Hunter, Calhoun & McCollough 1999 Jensen, Camp, Gibbons & Elliott (eds.) 2008 Klemens 1993 Krysko, Enge & Moler 2019 Lohoefener & Altig 1983 Martof, Palmer, Bailey & Harrison 1980 McKeown 1996 Mirarchi 2004 Mitchell 1994 Mount 1975 North Carolina Wildlife Resources Commission 2005 Oliver & Shaw 1953 Palmer & Braswell 1995 Pritchard 1979 Rhodin, Iverson, Bour, Fritz, Georges, Shaffer & Dijk 2021 Savannah River Ecology Laboratory 2013 Smith & Houck 1984 Stebbins & McGinnis 2012 Stebbins 1972 Stebbins 1985 Stebbins 2003 Vitt & Laerm 1982 White & White 2002 Zug 2013  Family Emydidae (Western Pond Turtles) Genus Actinemys (Pacific Pond Turtles)   * Actinemys marmorata Northern Pacific Pond Turtle Banta 1965 [as marmorata] Behler & King 1979 Bury & Germano 2008 Grismer 2002 Iverson 1992 Johnson 1942 Nussbaum, Brodie & Storm 1983 Rhodin, Iverson, Bour, Fritz, Georges, Shaffer & Dijk 2021 Slater 1963 Stebbins & McGinnis 2012 Stebbins 1985 Stebbins 2003   Actinemys pallida Southern Pacific Pond Turtle Behler & King 1979 Grismer 2002 Iverson 1992 Rhodin, Iverson, Bour, Fritz, Georges, Shaffer & Dijk 2021 Stebbins & McGinnis 2012 Stebbins 2003 Genus Chrysemys (American Painted Turtle)   Chrysemys picta American Painted Turtle Anderson 1965 Andrews 2002 Arizona Game and Fish Department 2002 Ballinger, Lynch & Smith 2010 Ballinger, Meeker & Thies 2000 Barbour 1971 Bartlett & Bartlett 2013 Baxter & Stone 1985 Beane 2013 Behler & King 1979 Brennan & Holycross 2006 Camper 2019 Casper 2008 Christiansen & Bailey 1988 Conant & Collins 1998 Conant 1945 Conant 1951 Daniel & Edmond 2006 Degenhardt, Painter & Price 1996 Dixon 2013 Drowne 1905 Dundee & Rossman 1989 Enderson & Bezy 2010 Fishbeck & Underhill 1959 Fowler 1907 Garrett & Barker 1987 Gentry 1956 Gibbs, Breisch, Ducey, Johnson, Behler & Bothner 2007 Green & Pauley 1987 Groves 1994 Hammerson 1999 Harding & Holman 1990 Harris 1975 Holman 2012 Hulse, McCoy & Censky 2001 Hunter, Albright & Arbuckle 1992 Hunter, Calhoun & McCollough 1999 Iverson 1992 Jensen, Camp, Gibbons & Elliott (eds.) 2008 Johnson 1942 Johnson 2015 Klemens 1993 LeClere 2013 Lohoefener & Altig 1983 Lynch 1985 Martof, Palmer, Bailey & Harrison 1980 Maslin 1959 Minton 1972 Minton 2001 Mirarchi 2004 Mitchell 1994 Mount 1975 Niemiller, Reynolds & Miller 2013 Nussbaum, Brodie & Storm 1983 Oldfield & Moriarty 1994 Olson 1987 Palmer & Braswell 1995 Phillips, Brandon & Moll 1999 Rhodin, Iverson, Bour, Fritz, Georges, Shaffer & Dijk 2021 Savannah River Ecology Laboratory 2013 Scott & Redmond 2008 Shofner 2007 Sievert & Sievert 1993 Simon, Whitaker, Castrale & Minton 2002 Slater 1941 Slater 1963 Smith 1956 Smith 1961 Stebbins 1985 Stebbins 2003 Taggart, Collins & Schmidt 2010 Thompson 1982 Trauth, Robison & Plummer 2004 Vance 1985 Vitt & Laerm 1982 Vogt 1981 Watermolen & Murrell 2001 Werner, Maxell, Hendricks & Flath 2004 Wheeler & Wheeler 1966 White & White 2002 Young 2011 Genus Clemmys (American Spotted Turtle)   Clemmys guttata American Spotted Turtle Andrews 2002 Ashton & Ashton 1985 Beane 2013 Behler & King 1979 Camper 2001 Camper 2010 Camper 2019 Conant & Collins 1998 Conant 1945 Conant 1951 DeGraaf & Rudis 1983 Drowne 1905 Fowler 1907 Gibbs, Breisch, Ducey, Johnson, Behler & Bothner 2007 Green & Pauley 1987 Harding & Holman 1990 Harris 1975 Holman 2012 Hulse, McCoy & Censky 2001 Hunter, Albright & Arbuckle 1992 Hunter, Calhoun & McCollough 1999 Iverson 1992 Jensen, Camp, Gibbons & Elliott (eds.) 2008 Klemens 1993 Krysko, Enge & Moler 2019 Martof, Palmer, Bailey & Harrison 1980 Minton 1972 Minton 2001 Mitchell 1994 New Hampshire Wildlife Action Plan 2005 Palmer & Braswell 1995 Phillips, Brandon & Moll 1999 Price & Dorcas 2011 Rhodin, Iverson, Bour, Fritz, Georges, Shaffer & Dijk 2021 Savannah River Ecology Laboratory 2013 Simon, Whitaker, Castrale & Minton 2002 Smith 1961 Vitt & Laerm 1982 White & White 2002 Genus Deirochelys (Chicken Turtle)   * Deirochelys reticularia Chicken Turtle Anderson 1965 Ashton & Ashton 1985 Behler & King 1979 Buhlmann, Gibbons & Jackson 2008 Camper 2019 Conant & Collins 1998 Daniel & Edmond 2006 Dixon 2013 Dundee & Rossman 1989 Garrett & Barker 1987 Iverson 1992 Jensen, Camp, Gibbons & Elliott (eds.) 2008 Krysko, Enge & Moler 2019 Lohoefener & Altig 1983 Martof, Palmer, Bailey & Harrison 1980 Mirarchi 2004 Mitchell 1994 Mount 1975 Palmer & Braswell 1995 Rhodin, Iverson, Bour, Fritz, Georges, Shaffer & Dijk 2021 Savannah River Ecology Laboratory 2013 Sievert & Sievert 1993 Trauth, Robison & Plummer 2004 Vance 1985 Vitt & Laerm 1982 Genus Emydoidea (Blanding's Turtle)   Emydoidea blandingii Blanding's Turtle Anderson 1965 Ballinger, Lynch & Smith 2010 Ballinger, Meeker & Thies 2000 Behler & King 1979 Casper 2008 Christiansen & Bailey 1988 Conant & Collins 1998 Conant 1951 Congdon, Graham, Herman, Lang, Pappas & Brecke 2008 Daniel & Edmond 2006 Drowne 1905 Gibbs, Breisch, Ducey, Johnson, Behler & Bothner 2007 Harding & Holman 1990 Holman 2012 Hulse, McCoy & Censky 2001 Hunter, Albright & Arbuckle 1992 Hunter, Calhoun & McCollough 1999 Iverson 1992 Klemens 1993 LeClere 2013 Lynch 1985 Minton 1972 Minton 2001 New Hampshire Wildlife Action Plan 2005 Oldfield & Moriarty 1994 Olson & Louis 1999 Olson 1987 Phillips, Brandon & Moll 1999 Rhodin, Iverson, Bour, Fritz, Georges, Shaffer & Dijk 2021 Simon, Whitaker, Castrale & Minton 2002 Smith 1961 Vogt 1981 Watermolen & Murrell 2001 Genus Glyptemys (North American Wood Turtle and Bog Turtle)   Glyptemys insculpta North American Wood Turtle Andrews 2002 Behler & King 1979 Casper 2008 Christiansen & Bailey 1988 Conant & Collins 1998 DeGraaf & Rudis 1983 Drowne 1905 Fowler 1907 Gibbs, Breisch, Ducey, Johnson, Behler & Bothner 2007 Green & Pauley 1987 Harding & Holman 1990 Harris 1975 Holman 2012 Hulse, McCoy & Censky 2001 Hunter, Albright & Arbuckle 1992 Hunter, Calhoun & McCollough 1999 Iverson 1992 Klemens 1993 LeClere 2013 Martof, Palmer, Bailey & Harrison 1980 Mitchell 1994 New Hampshire Wildlife Action Plan 2005 Oldfield & Moriarty 1994 Rhodin, Iverson, Bour, Fritz, Georges, Shaffer & Dijk 2021 Vogt 1981 Watermolen & Murrell 2001 White & White 2002   * Glyptemys muhlenbergii Bog Turtle Behler & King 1979 Camper 2019 Conant & Collins 1998 Conant 1945 Fowler 1907 Gibbs, Breisch, Ducey, Johnson, Behler & Bothner 2007 Harris 1975 Herman & Putnam 1982 Herman & Warner 1986 Hulse, McCoy & Censky 2001 Iverson 1992 Jensen, Camp, Gibbons & Elliott (eds.) 2008 Klemens & Mirick 1985 Klemens 1993 Martof, Palmer, Bailey & Harrison 1980 Mitchell 1994 Niemiller, Reynolds & Miller 2013 Palmer & Braswell 1995 Price & Dorcas 2011 Rhodin, Iverson, Bour, Fritz, Georges, Shaffer & Dijk 2021 Savannah River Ecology Laboratory 2013 Scott & Redmond 2008 Vitt & Laerm 1982 White & White 2002 Genus Graptemys (Map Turtles)   * Graptemys barbouri Southeastern Map Turtle Ashton & Ashton 1985 Behler & King 1979 Conant & Collins 1998 Iverson 1992 Jensen, Camp, Gibbons & Elliott (eds.) 2008 Krysko, Enge & Moler 2019 Mirarchi 2004 Mount 1975 Rhodin, Iverson, Bour, Fritz, Georges, Shaffer & Dijk 2021 Vitt & Laerm 1982   * Graptemys caglei Guadalupe River Map Turtle Behler & King 1979 Conant & Collins 1998 Dixon 2013 Garrett & Barker 1987 Rhodin, Iverson, Bour, Fritz, Georges, Shaffer & Dijk 2021   * Graptemys ernsti Escambia Map Turtle Krysko, Enge & Moler 2019 Lechowich & Archer 2007 Lovich & McCoy 1992 Lovich & McCoy 1994 Lovich, Godwin & McCoy 2011 Mirarchi 2004 Rhodin, Iverson, Bour, Fritz, Georges, Shaffer & Dijk 2021   * Graptemys flavimaculata Yellow-blotched Map Turtle Behler & King 1979 Conant & Collins 1998 Iverson 1992 Lohoefener & Altig 1983 Rhodin, Iverson, Bour, Fritz, Georges, Shaffer & Dijk 2021 Selman & Jones 2011   Graptemys geographica Northern Map Turtle Anderson 1965 Andrews 2002 Barbour 1971 Behler & King 1979 Behler, Castellano & Crockett 2004 Casper 2008 Christiansen & Bailey 1988 Conant & Collins 1998 Conant 1951 Daniel & Edmond 2006 Fowler 1907 Gentry 1956 Gibbs, Breisch, Ducey, Johnson, Behler & Bothner 2007 Green & Pauley 1987 Harding & Holman 1990 Harris 1975 Holman 2012 Hulse, McCoy & Censky 2001 Iverson 1992 Jensen, Camp, Gibbons & Elliott (eds.) 2008 LeClere 2013 Lohoefener & Altig 1983 Martof, Palmer, Bailey & Harrison 1980 Minton 1972 Minton 2001 Mirarchi 2004 Mitchell 1994 Mount 1975 Niemiller, Reynolds & Miller 2013 Oldfield & Moriarty 1994 Phillips, Brandon & Moll 1999 Rhodin, Iverson, Bour, Fritz, Georges, Shaffer & Dijk 2021 Scott & Redmond 2008 Sievert & Sievert 1993 Simon, Whitaker, Castrale & Minton 2002 Smith 1956 Smith 1961 Taggart, Collins & Schmidt 2010 Trauth, Robison & Plummer 2004 Vance 1985 Vitt & Laerm 1982 Vogt 1981 Vogt, Bulte & Iverson 2018 Watermolen & Murrell 2001 White & White 2002   * Graptemys gibbonsi Pascagoula Map Turtle Lovich & Ennen 2014 Lovich & McCoy 1992 Lovich, Selman & McCoy 2009 Rhodin, Iverson, Bour, Fritz, Georges, Shaffer & Dijk 2021   * Graptemys nigrinoda Black-knobbed Map Turtle Behler & King 1979 Blankenship, Butterfield & Godwin 2008 Conant & Collins 1998 Iverson 1992 Lohoefener & Altig 1983 Mirarchi 2004 Mount 1975 Rhodin, Iverson, Bour, Fritz, Georges, Shaffer & Dijk 2021   * Graptemys oculifera Ringed Map Turtle Behler & King 1979 Conant & Collins 1998 Dundee & Rossman 1989 Iverson 1992 Jones & Selman 2009 Lohoefener & Altig 1983 Rhodin, Iverson, Bour, Fritz, Georges, Shaffer & Dijk 2021   * Graptemys ouachitensis Ouachita Map Turtle Anderson 1965 Barbour 1971 Behler & King 1979 Brown, Temple-Miller, Roosenburg & White 2012 Casper 2008 Christiansen & Bailey 1988 Conant & Collins 1998 Daniel & Edmond 2006 Dixon 2013 Dundee & Rossman 1989 Ewert 1979 Fritz & Havas 2006 Garrett & Barker 1987 Gentry 1956 Green & Pauley 1987 Iverson 1992 LeClere 2013 Lohoefener & Altig 1983 Minton 2001 Mirarchi 2004 Mount 1975 Niemiller, Reynolds & Miller 2013 Oldfield & Moriarty 1994 Phillips, Brandon & Moll 1999 Rhodin, Iverson, Bour, Fritz, Georges, Shaffer & Dijk 2021 Scott & Redmond 2008 Sievert & Sievert 1993 Sievert 2006 Simon, Whitaker, Castrale & Minton 2002 Trauth, Robison & Plummer 2004 Vance 1985 Vogt 1981 Watermolen & Murrell 2001   * Graptemys pearlensis Pearl River Map Turtle Ennen, Lovich & Jones 2016 Ennen, Lovich, Kreiser, Selman & Qualls 2010 Fritz & Havas 2006 [as gibbonsi] Lovich, Selman & McCoy 2009 [as gibbonsi] Rhodin, Iverson, Bour, Fritz, Georges, Shaffer & Dijk 2021   * Graptemys pseudogeographica False Map Turtle Anderson 1965 Ballinger, Lynch & Smith 2010 Ballinger, Meeker & Thies 2000 Barbour 1971 Behler & King 1979 Casper 2008 Christiansen & Bailey 1988 Christiansen 2001 Conant & Collins 1998 Daniel & Edmond 2006 Dixon 2013 Dundee & Rossman 1989 Fishbeck & Underhill 1959 Garrett & Barker 1987 Gentry 1956 Iverson 1992 Johnson 2015 Kail, Gutierrez, Suarez & Johnston 2011 Krusling, Davis & Lisi 2010 LeClere 2013 Lohoefener & Altig 1983 Lynch 1985 Minton 1972 Minton 2001 Niemiller, Reynolds & Miller 2013 Oldfield & Moriarty 1994 Phillips, Brandon & Moll 1999 Rhodin, Iverson, Bour, Fritz, Georges, Shaffer & Dijk 2021 Savitzky & Mitchell 2001 Scott & Redmond 2008 Sievert & Sievert 1993 Simon, Whitaker, Castrale & Minton 2002 Smith 1956 Smith 1961 Taggart, Collins & Schmidt 2010 Trauth, Robison & Plummer 2004 Vance 1985 Vogt 1981 Watermolen & Murrell 2001   * Graptemys pulchra Alabama Map Turtle Behler & King 1979 Brown 2021 Conant & Collins 1998 Iverson 1992 Jensen, Camp, Gibbons & Elliott (eds.) 2008 Lohoefener & Altig 1983 Lovich, Godwin & McCoy 2014 Mirarchi 2004 Mount 1975 Rhodin, Iverson, Bour, Fritz, Georges, Shaffer & Dijk 2021 Vitt & Laerm 1982   * Graptemys sabinensis Sabine Map Turtle Behler & King 1979 Brown, Temple-Miller, Roosenburg & White 2012 Cagle 1953 Conant & Collins 1998 Dixon 2013 Dundee & Rossman 1989 Fritz & Havas 2006 Garrett & Barker 1987 Rhodin, Iverson, Bour, Fritz, Georges, Shaffer & Dijk 2021   * Graptemys versa Texas Map Turtle Behler & King 1979 Conant & Collins 1998 Dixon 2013 Garrett & Barker 1987 Lindemann, Stuart & Killebrew 2016 Rhodin, Iverson, Bour, Fritz, Georges, Shaffer & Dijk 2021 Genus Malaclemys (Diamondback Terrapin)   * Malaclemys terrapin Diamondback Terrapin Ashton & Ashton 1985 Behler & King 1979 Camper 2019 Conant & Collins 1998 Conant 1945 Dixon 2013 Dorcas, Willson & Gibbons 2007 Drowne 1905 Dundee & Rossman 1989 Duran 2021 Fowler 1907 Garrett & Barker 1987 Gibbs, Breisch, Ducey, Johnson, Behler & Bothner 2007 Harris 1975 Hulse, McCoy & Censky 2001 Iverson 1992 Jensen, Camp, Gibbons & Elliott (eds.) 2008 Klemens 1993 Krysko, Enge & Moler 2019 Lohoefener & Altig 1983 Mirarchi 2004 Mitchell 1994 Mount 1975 Palmer & Braswell 1995 Price & Dorcas 2011 Rhodin, Iverson, Bour, Fritz, Georges, Shaffer & Dijk 2021 Savannah River Ecology Laboratory 2013 Vitt & Laerm 1982 White & White 2002 Genus Pseudemys (Cooter Turtles)   * Pseudemys alabamensis Alabama Red-bellied Turtle Behler & King 1979 Conant & Collins 1998 Leary, Dobie, Mann, Floyd & Nelson 2008 Mirarchi 2004 Mount 1975 Rhodin, Iverson, Bour, Fritz, Georges, Shaffer & Dijk 2021   * Pseudemys concinna River Cooter Anderson 1965 Ashton & Ashton 1985 Barbour 1971 Beane 2013 Behler & King 1979 Camper 2001 Camper 2010 Camper 2019 Conant & Collins 1998 Daniel & Edmond 2006 Dixon 2013 Dundee & Rossman 1989 Garrett & Barker 1987 Gentry 1956 Green & Pauley 1987 Iverson 1992 Jensen, Camp, Gibbons & Elliott (eds.) 2008 Krysko, Enge & Moler 2019 Lohoefener & Altig 1983 Minton 1972 Minton 2001 Mirarchi 2004 Mitchell 1994 Mount 1975 Niemiller, Reynolds & Miller 2013 Palmer & Braswell 1995 Phillips, Brandon & Moll 1999 Rhodin, Iverson, Bour, Fritz, Georges, Shaffer & Dijk 2021 Savannah River Ecology Laboratory 2013 Scott & Redmond 2008 Sievert & Sievert 1993 Simon, Whitaker, Castrale & Minton 2002 Smith 1956 Smith 1961 Taggart, Collins & Schmidt 2010 Trauth, Robison & Plummer 2004 Vance 1985 Vitt & Laerm 1982 Ward & Jackson 2008   * Pseudemys floridana Florida Cooter Ashton & Ashton 1985 Behler & King 1979 Camper 2019 Dundee & Rossman 1989 Iverson 1992 Jensen, Camp, Gibbons & Elliott (eds.) 2008 Krysko, Enge & Moler 2019 Mirarchi 2004 Mitchell 1994 Mount 1975 Palmer & Braswell 1995 Rhodin, Iverson, Bour, Fritz, Georges, Shaffer & Dijk 2021 Savannah River Ecology Laboratory 2013 Vitt & Laerm 1982 Wilkinson & Whitfield-Gibbons 2005   Pseudemys gorzugi Rio Grande Cooter Bartlett & Bartlett 2013 Conant & Collins 1998 Degenhardt, Painter & Price 1996 Dixon 2013 Garrett & Barker 1987 Iverson 1992 Pierce, Stuart, Ward & Painter 2016 Rhodin, Iverson, Bour, Fritz, Georges, Shaffer & Dijk 2021 Stebbins 2003   * Pseudemys nelsoni Florida Red-bellied Turtle Ashton & Ashton 1985 Behler & King 1979 Conant & Collins 1998 Iverson 1992 Jackson 2010 Jensen, Camp, Gibbons & Elliott (eds.) 2008 Krysko, Enge & Moler 2019 Rhodin, Iverson, Bour, Fritz, Georges, Shaffer & Dijk 2021 Vitt & Laerm 1982   * Pseudemys peninsularis Peninsula Cooter Ashton & Ashton 1985 Behler & King 1979 Conant & Collins 1998 Fritz & Havas 2006 Krysko, Enge & Moler 2019 Rhodin, Iverson, Bour, Fritz, Georges, Shaffer & Dijk 2021   * Pseudemys rubriventris Northern Red-bellied Cooter Behler & King 1979 Conant & Collins 1998 DeGraaf & Rudis 1983 Fowler 1907 Green & Pauley 1987 Harris 1975 Hulse, McCoy & Censky 2001 Iverson 1992 Martof, Palmer, Bailey & Harrison 1980 Mitchell 1994 Palmer & Braswell 1995 Rhodin, Iverson, Bour, Fritz, Georges, Shaffer & Dijk 2021 White & White 2002   * Pseudemys texana Texas Cooter Behler & King 1979 Conant & Collins 1998 Dixon 2013 Garrett & Barker 1987 Rhodin, Iverson, Bour, Fritz, Georges, Shaffer & Dijk 2021 Genus Terrapene (American Box Turtles)   * Terrapene carolina Eastern Box Turtle Ashton & Ashton 1985 Barbour 1971 Behler & King 1979 Camper 2001 Camper 2010 Camper 2019 Conant & Collins 1998 Conant 1945 Conant 1951 Daniel & Edmond 2006 DeGraaf & Rudis 1983 Drowne 1905 Dundee & Rossman 1989 Duran 2021 Fowler 1907 Gentry 1956 Gibbs, Breisch, Ducey, Johnson, Behler & Bothner 2007 Green & Pauley 1987 Harding & Holman 1990 Harris 1975 Holman 2012 Hulse, McCoy & Censky 2001 Hunter, Albright & Arbuckle 1992 Hunter, Calhoun & McCollough 1999 Iverson 1992 Jensen, Camp, Gibbons & Elliott (eds.) 2008 Klemens 1993 Krysko, Enge & Moler 2019 Lohoefener & Altig 1983 Minton 1972 Minton 2001 Mirarchi 2004 Mitchell 1994 Mount 1975 New Hampshire Wildlife Action Plan 2005 Niemiller, Reynolds & Miller 2013 Palmer & Braswell 1995 Phillips, Brandon & Moll 1999 Rhodin, Iverson, Bour, Fritz, Georges, Shaffer & Dijk 2021 Savannah River Ecology Laboratory 2013 Scott & Redmond 2008 Simon, Whitaker, Castrale & Minton 2002 Smith 1961 Trauth, Robison & Plummer 2004 Vance 1985 Vitt & Laerm 1982 White & White 2002   Terrapene ornata Ornate Box Turtle Anderson 1965 Arizona Game and Fish Department 2002 Ballinger, Lynch & Smith 2010 Ballinger, Meeker & Thies 2000 Bartlett & Bartlett 2013 Baxter & Stone 1985 Behler & King 1979 Brennan & Holycross 2006 Casper 2008 Christiansen & Bailey 1988 Conant & Collins 1998 Daniel & Edmond 2006 Degenhardt, Painter & Price 1996 Dixon 2013 Dundee & Rossman 1989 Duran 2021 Enderson & Bezy 2010 Fishbeck & Underhill 1959 Garrett & Barker 1987 Hammerson 1999 Iverson 1992 LeClere 2013 Lowe 1964 Lynch 1985 Maslin 1959 Minton 1972 Minton 2001 Phillips, Brandon & Moll 1999 Rhodin, Iverson, Bour, Fritz, Georges, Shaffer & Dijk 2017 Rhodin, Iverson, Bour, Fritz, Georges, Shaffer & Dijk 2021 Sievert & Sievert 1993 Simon, Whitaker, Castrale & Minton 2002 Smith 1956 Smith 1961 Stebbins 1985 Stebbins 2003 Taggart, Collins & Schmidt 2010 Trauth, Robison & Plummer 2004 Vance 1985 Vogt 1981 Watermolen & Murrell 2001 Young 2011   * Terrapene triunguis Three-toed Box Turtle Anderson 1965 Ashton & Ashton 1985 Behler & King 1979 Dixon 2013 Dundee & Rossman 1989 Garrett & Barker 1987 Gentry 1956 Iverson 1992 Krysko, Enge & Moler 2019 Lohoefener & Altig 1983 Mirarchi 2004 Mount 1975 Niemiller, Reynolds & Miller 2013 Rhodin, Iverson, Bour, Fritz, Georges, Shaffer & Dijk 2021 Sievert & Sievert 1993 Smith 1956 Taggart, Collins & Schmidt 2010 [as T. carolina] Trauth, Robison & Plummer 2004 Vance 1985 Vitt & Laerm 1982 Genus Trachemys (Slider Turtles)   Trachemys gaigeae Big Bend Slider Bartlett & Bartlett 2013 Behler & King 1979 Conant & Collins 1998 Degenhardt, Painter & Price 1996 Dijk 2011 Dixon 2013 Fritz & Havas 2006 Garrett & Barker 1987 Iverson 1992 Rhodin, Iverson, Bour, Fritz, Georges, Shaffer & Dijk 2021 Seidel, Stuart & Degenhardt 1999 Stebbins 2003 Stuart & Ward 2009 Wermuth & Mertens 1977   Trachemys scripta Common Slider Anderson 1965 Ashton & Ashton 1985 Ballinger & Lynch 1999 Ballinger, Lynch & Smith 2010 Barbour 1971 Bartlett & Bartlett 2013 Beane 2013 Beane, Davis & Pusser 2008 Behler & King 1979 Camper 2010 Camper 2019 Casper & Anton 2012 Conant & Collins 1998 Conant 1951 Degenhardt, Painter & Price 1996 Dixon 2013 Dundee & Rossman 1989 Duran 2021 Garrett & Barker 1987 Gentry 1956 Green & Pauley 1987 Iverson 1992 Jensen, Camp, Gibbons & Elliott (eds.) 2008 Krysko, Enge & Moler 2019 Lohoefener & Altig 1983 Minton 1972 Minton 2001 Mirarchi 2004 Mitchell 1994 Mount 1975 Niemiller, Reynolds & Miller 2013 Palmer & Braswell 1995 Phillips, Brandon & Moll 1999 Rhodin, Iverson, Bour, Fritz, Georges, Shaffer & Dijk 2021 Savannah River Ecology Laboratory 2013 Scott & Redmond 2008 Seidel, Stuart & Degenhardt 1999 [eastern New Mexico] Sievert & Sievert 1993 Simon, Whitaker, Castrale & Minton 2002 Smith 1956 Smith 1961 Stebbins 2003 Taggart, Collins & Schmidt 2010 Trauth, Robison & Plummer 2004 Vance 1985 Vitt & Laerm 1982  Family Kinosternidae (American Mud and Musk Turtles) Genus Kinosternon (American Mud Turtles)   * Kinosternon baurii Striped Mud Turtle Ashton & Ashton 1985 Beane 2013 Behler & King 1979 Camper 2001 Camper 2019 Conant & Collins 1998 Iverson 1992 Jensen, Camp, Gibbons & Elliott (eds.) 2008 Johnston, Dodd & Wilson 2021 Krysko, Enge & Moler 2019 Mitchell 1994 Palmer & Braswell 1995 Price & Dorcas 2011 Rhodin, Iverson, Bour, Fritz, Georges, Shaffer & Dijk 2021 Savannah River Ecology Laboratory 2013 Vitt & Laerm 1982   Kinosternon flavescens Yellow Mud Turtle Anderson 1965 Arizona Game and Fish Department 2002 Ballinger, Lynch & Smith 2010 Bartlett & Bartlett 2013 Behler & King 1979 Brennan & Holycross 2006 Christiansen & Bailey 1988 Conant & Collins 1998 Daniel & Edmond 2006 Degenhardt, Painter & Price 1996 Dixon 2013 Duran 2021 Enderson & Bezy 2010 Garrett & Barker 1987 Hammerson 1999 Iverson 1992 LeClere 2013 Lowe 1964 Lynch 1985 Maslin 1959 Phillips, Brandon & Moll 1999 Rhodin, Iverson, Bour, Fritz, Georges, Shaffer & Dijk 2021 Sievert & Sievert 1993 Smith 1956 Smith 1961 Stebbins 2003 Taggart, Collins & Schmidt 2010 Young 2011   Kinosternon hirtipes Mexican Rough-footed Mud Turtle Conant & Collins 1998 Dixon 2013 Garrett & Barker 1987 Rhodin, Iverson, Bour, Fritz, Georges, Shaffer & Dijk 2021   Kinosternon sonoriense Sonora Mud Turtle Arizona Game and Fish Department 2002 Bartlett & Bartlett 2013 Behler & King 1979 Brennan & Holycross 2006 Degenhardt, Painter & Price 1996 Enderson & Bezy 2010 Iverson 1992 Lowe 1964 Rhodin, Iverson, Bour, Fritz, Georges, Shaffer & Dijk 2021 Stebbins 1972 Stebbins 2003 Stone, Congdon, Stone, Stuart, Iverson & Rosen 2022   * Kinosternon steindachneri Florida Mud Turtle Ashton & Ashton 1985 Behler & King 1979 Krysko, Enge & Moler 2019 Rhodin, Iverson, Bour, Fritz, Georges, Shaffer & Dijk 2021   Kinosternon stejnegeri Arizona Mud Turtle Arizona Game and Fish Department 2002 [as arizonensis] Behler & King 1979 [as arizonensis] Brennan & Holycross 2006 [as arizonensis] Enderson & Bezy 2010 [as arizonensis] Fritz & Havas 2006 [as arizonensis] Iverson 1992 [as arizonensis] Jones, Taubert, Zornes & Babb 2007 [as arizonensis] Rhodin, Iverson, Bour, Fritz, Georges, Shaffer & Dijk 2021 Stebbins 2003 [as arizonensis]   * Kinosternon subrubrum Common Mud Turtle Anderson 1965 Ashton & Ashton 1985 Barbour 1971 Behler & King 1979 Camper 2010 Camper 2019 Conant & Collins 1998 Conant 1945 Daniel & Edmond 2006 Dixon 2013 Dundee & Rossman 1989 Fowler 1907 Garrett & Barker 1987 Gentry 1956 Gibbs, Breisch, Ducey, Johnson, Behler & Bothner 2007 Harris 1975 Hulse, McCoy & Censky 2001 Iverson 1992 Jensen, Camp, Gibbons & Elliott (eds.) 2008 Krysko, Enge & Moler 2019 Lohoefener & Altig 1983 Martof, Palmer, Bailey & Harrison 1980 Minton 1972 Minton 2001 Mirarchi 2004 Mitchell 1994 Mount 1975 Niemiller, Reynolds & Miller 2013 Palmer & Braswell 1995 Phillips, Brandon & Moll 1999 Rhodin, Iverson, Bour, Fritz, Georges, Shaffer & Dijk 2021 Savannah River Ecology Laboratory 2013 Scott & Redmond 2008 Sievert & Sievert 1993 Simon, Whitaker, Castrale & Minton 2002 Smith 1961 Trauth, Robison & Plummer 2004 Vance 1985 Vitt & Laerm 1982 White & White 2002 Wilkinson & Whitfield-Gibbons 2005 Genus Sternotherus (North American Musk Turtles)   * Sternotherus carinatus Razor-backed Musk Turtle Behler & King 1979 Blankenship, Bailey, Schnuelle & Hauge 1995 Conant & Collins 1998 Dixon 2013 Dundee & Rossman 1989 Garrett & Barker 1987 Iverson 1992 Lindeman 2008 Lohoefener & Altig 1983 Mirarchi 2004 Rhodin, Iverson, Bour, Fritz, Georges, Shaffer & Dijk 2021 Sievert & Sievert 1993 Trauth, Robison & Plummer 2004 Vance 1985   * Sternotherus depressus Flattened Musk Turtle Behler & King 1979 Conant & Collins 1998 Dodd 2008 Mirarchi 2004 Mount 1975 Rhodin, Iverson, Bour, Fritz, Georges, Shaffer & Dijk 2021 Scott, Glenn & Rissler 2018   * Sternotherus intermedius Escambia Musk Turtle Krysko, Enge & Moler 2019 Rhodin, Iverson, Bour, Fritz, Georges, Shaffer & Dijk 2021 Scott, Glenn & Rissler 2018   * Sternotherus minor Loggerhead Musk Turtle Ashton & Ashton 1985 Behler & King 1979 Conant & Collins 1998 Iverson 1992 Jensen, Camp, Gibbons & Elliott (eds.) 2008 Krysko, Enge & Moler 2019 Mirarchi 2004 Mount 1975 Rhodin, Iverson, Bour, Fritz, Georges, Shaffer & Dijk 2021 Scott, Glenn & Rissler 2018 Vitt & Laerm 1982   Sternotherus odoratus Common Musk Turtle Anderson 1965 Andrews 2002 Ashton & Ashton 1985 Barbour 1971 Behler & King 1979 Camper 2010 Camper 2019 Casper 2008 Christiansen & Bailey 1988 Conant & Collins 1998 Conant 1945 Conant 1951 Daniel & Edmond 2006 Dixon 2013 Drowne 1905 Dundee & Rossman 1989 Fowler 1907 Garrett & Barker 1987 Gentry 1956 Gibbs, Breisch, Ducey, Johnson, Behler & Bothner 2007 Green & Pauley 1987 Harding & Holman 1990 Harris 1975 Holman 2012 Hulse, McCoy & Censky 2001 Hunter, Albright & Arbuckle 1992 Hunter, Calhoun & McCollough 1999 Iverson 1992 Jensen, Camp, Gibbons & Elliott (eds.) 2008 Klemens 1993 Krysko, Enge & Moler 2019 LeClere 2013 Lohoefener & Altig 1983 Minton 1972 Minton 2001 Mirarchi 2004 Mitchell 1994 Mount 1975 Niemiller, Reynolds & Miller 2013 Palmer & Braswell 1995 Phillips, Brandon & Moll 1999 Rhodin, Iverson, Bour, Fritz, Georges, Shaffer & Dijk 2021 Savannah River Ecology Laboratory 2013 Scott & Redmond 2008 Sievert & Sievert 1993 Simon, Whitaker, Castrale & Minton 2002 Smith 1956 Smith 1961 Taggart, Collins & Schmidt 2010 Trauth, Robison & Plummer 2004 Vance 1985 Vitt & Laerm 1982 Vogt 1981 Watermolen & Murrell 2001 White & White 2002 Wilkinson & Whitfield-Gibbons 2005   * Sternotherus peltifer Stripe-necked Musk Turtle Ashton & Ashton 1985 Behler & King 1979 Conant & Collins 1998 Dundee & Rossman 1989 [as minor] Gentry 1956 Iverson 1992 Jensen, Camp, Gibbons & Elliott (eds.) 2008 Lohoefener & Altig 1983 Mirarchi 2004 Mitchell 1994 Mount 1975 Niemiller, Reynolds & Miller 2013 Palmer & Braswell 1995 Rhodin, Iverson, Bour, Fritz, Georges, Shaffer & Dijk 2021 Scott & Redmond 2008 [as minor] Scott, Glenn & Rissler 2018 Vitt & Laerm 1982  Family Testudinidae (Tortoises) Genus Gopherus (Gopher Tortoises)   * Gopherus agassizii Mohave Desert Tortoise Banta 1965 Behler & King 1979 Berry & Murphy 2019 Iverson 1992 Murphy, Berry, Edwards, Leviton, Lathrop & Riedle 2011 Rhodin, Iverson, Bour, Fritz, Georges, Shaffer & Dijk 2021 Shofner 2007 Stebbins & McGinnis 2012 Stebbins 1972 Stebbins 1985 Stebbins 2003 Tanner 1975   Gopherus berlandieri Texas Tortoise Auffenberg & Franz 1978 Behler & King 1979 Conant & Collins 1998 Dixon 2013 Duran 2021 Garrett & Barker 1987 Rhodin, Iverson, Bour, Fritz, Georges, Shaffer & Dijk 2021   Gopherus morafkai Sonoran Desert Tortoise Arizona Game and Fish Department 2002 [as agassizii] Brennan & Holycross 2006 [as agassizii] Enderson & Bezy 2010 [as agassizii] Iverson 1992 [as agassizii] Lowe 1964 [as agassizii] Murphy, Berry, Edwards, Leviton, Lathrop & Riedle 2011 Rhodin, Iverson, Bour, Fritz, Georges, Shaffer & Dijk 2021   * Gopherus polyphemus Gopher Tortoise Ashton & Ashton 1985 Behler & King 1979 Camper 2019 Conant & Collins 1998 Dundee & Rossman 1989 Iverson 1992 Jensen, Camp, Gibbons & Elliott (eds.) 2008 Krysko, Enge & Moler 2019 Lohoefener & Altig 1983 Martof, Palmer, Bailey & Harrison 1980 Mirarchi 2004 Mount 1975 Rhodin, Iverson, Bour, Fritz, Georges, Shaffer & Dijk 2021 Savannah River Ecology Laboratory 2013 Vitt & Laerm 1982  Family Trionychidae (Softshell Turtles) Genus Apalone (North American Softshell Turtles)   * Apalone ferox Florida Softshell Turtle Ashton & Ashton 1985 Behler & King 1979 Camper 2019 Conant & Collins 1998 Iverson 1992 Jensen, Camp, Gibbons & Elliott (eds.) 2008 Krysko, Enge & Moler 2019 Martof, Palmer, Bailey & Harrison 1980 Mirarchi 2004 Mount 1975 Rhodin, Iverson, Bour, Fritz, Georges, Shaffer & Dijk 2021 Savannah River Ecology Laboratory 2013 Vitt & Laerm 1982   * Apalone mutica Smooth Softshell Turtle Anderson 1965 Ashton & Ashton 1985 Ballinger, Lynch & Smith 2010 Ballinger, Meeker & Thies 2000 Barbour 1971 Bartlett & Bartlett 2013 Behler & King 1979 Casper 2008 Christiansen & Bailey 1988 Conant & Collins 1998 Conant 1951 Daniel & Edmond 2006 Degenhardt, Painter & Price 1996 Dixon 2013 Dundee & Rossman 1989 Fishbeck & Underhill 1959 Garrett & Barker 1987 Gentry 1956 Green & Pauley 1987 Iverson 1992 Johnson 2015 Johnson, Livo, Kruetzer, Kruetzer, Berardi, Warfel & Dubois 2019 Krysko, Enge & Moler 2019 LeClere 2013 Lohoefener & Altig 1983 Lynch 1985 Maloney 2020 Minton 1972 Minton 2001 Mirarchi 2004 Mount 1975 Niemiller, Reynolds & Miller 2013 Oldfield & Moriarty 1994 Phillips, Brandon & Moll 1999 Rhodin, Iverson, Bour, Fritz, Georges, Shaffer & Dijk 2021 Scott & Redmond 2008 Sievert & Sievert 1993 Simon, Whitaker, Castrale & Minton 2002 Smith 1956 Smith 1961 Stebbins 2003 Taggart, Collins & Schmidt 2010 Trauth, Robison & Plummer 2004 Vance 1985 Vitt & Laerm 1982 Vogt 1981 Watermolen & Murrell 2001 Wheeler & Wheeler 1966   Apalone spinifera Spiny Softshell Turtle Anderson 1965 Andrews 2002 Ashton & Ashton 1985 Ballinger, Lynch & Smith 2010 Ballinger, Meeker & Thies 2000 Barbour 1971 Bartlett & Bartlett 2013 Baxter & Stone 1985 Beane 2013 Behler & King 1979 Camper 2010 Camper 2019 Casper 2008 Christiansen & Bailey 1988 Conant & Collins 1998 Conant 1951 Daniel & Edmond 2006 Degenhardt, Painter & Price 1996 Dixon 2013 Dundee & Rossman 1989 Duran 2021 Fishbeck & Underhill 1959 [as Trionyx ferox hartwegi] Garrett & Barker 1987 Gentry 1956 Gibbs, Breisch, Ducey, Johnson, Behler & Bothner 2007 Green & Pauley 1987 Hammerson 1999 Harding & Holman 1990 Harris 1975 Hedrick, Jackson, Starnes, Bogan & Beane 2012 Holman 2012 Hulse, McCoy & Censky 2001 Iverson 1992 Jensen, Camp, Gibbons & Elliott (eds.) 2008 Johnson 2015 Krysko, Enge & Moler 2019 Lamer, Tucker & Dolan 2006 LeClere 2013 LeClere, Smith & Blasus 2009 Lohoefener & Altig 1983 Lynch 1985 Martof, Palmer, Bailey & Harrison 1980 Maslin 1959 Minton 1972 Minton 2001 Mirarchi 2004 Mitchell 1994 Mizzi 1994 Mount 1975 Niemiller, Reynolds & Miller 2013 Oldfield & Moriarty 1994 Palmer & Braswell 1995 Phillips, Brandon & Moll 1999 Price & Dorcas 2011 Rhodin, Iverson, Bour, Fritz, Georges, Shaffer & Dijk 2021 Savannah River Ecology Laboratory 2013 Scott & Redmond 2008 Sievert & Sievert 1993 Simon, Whitaker, Castrale & Minton 2002 Smith 1956 Smith 1961 Stebbins 2003 Taggart, Collins & Schmidt 2010 Thompson 1982 Trauth, Robison & Plummer 2004 Vance 1985 Vitt & Laerm 1982 Vogt 1981 Watermolen & Murrell 2001 Werner, Maxell, Hendricks & Flath 2004 Young 2011