Citation: Midtgaard, Rune. RepFocus - A Survey of the Reptiles of the World. (www.repfocus.dk). Latest update:
August 27th, 2024.
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Genus
Ahaetulla
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Oriental Whip Snakes, Oriental Vine Snakes, Asian Long-nosed Tree Snakes
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Orientalische Peitschennattern, Baumschnüffler
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Orientalske Piskesnoge
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1807 | |
Ahaetulla Link (type species: Ahaetulla mycterizans Link 1807 [not Coluber mycterizans Linnaeus 1758] = Coluber nasutus Lacepede 1789) |
1820 | |
Dryinus Merrem (type species: Coluber mycterizans Linnaeus 1758) |
1823 | |
Dryophis Dalman [substitute name for Dryinus Merrem 1820]# |
1830 | |
Tragops Werner (type species: Dryophis prasina Reinwardt 1827) |
1843 | |
Herpetotragus Fitzinger (type species: Coluber nasutus Lacepede 1789) |
1848 | |
Dystyches Gistel [substitute name for Tragops Wagler 1830 erroneously believed preoccupied by Tragopa Latreille in Cuvier 1829 (Insecta)] |
1860 | |
Tropidococcyx Günther (type species: Psammophis perroteti Dumeril & Bibron 1854) |
1886 | |
Gephyrinus Cope (type species: Dryophis fronticinctus Günther 1858) |
Contents:
21 species, of which 14 (66.7%) are endemic.
Endemism: 0% 100%
Remarks:
For a long time known as Dryophis.
Savage (1952) clarified the status of the names
Ahaetulla,
Dendrelaphis,
Leptophis,
and their synonyms.
See ICZN (1958): Opinion 524.
South American snakes of the genus
Leptophis were previously assigned to Ahaetulla.
Distribution:
S. Asia, Malay Archipelago.
Reported from:
Bangladesh,
Bhutan,
Brunei,
Cambodia,
China
(Fujian,
Guangdong,
Guangxi,
Guizhou,
Hainan,
Hong Kong
[incl.
Shek Kwu Chau Island],
Hunan,
Tibet,
Yunnan),
India
(Andhra Pradesh,
Arunachal Pradesh,
Assam,
Bihar,
Chhattisgarh,
Goa,
Gujarat,
Jharkhand,
Karnataka,
Kerala,
Madhya Pradesh,
Maharashtra,
Manipur,
Meghalaya,
Mizoram,
Nagaland,
Odisha,
Rajasthan,
Sikkim,
Tamil Nadu,
Telangana,
Tripura,
Uttar Pradesh,
Uttarakhand,
West Bengal),
Indonesia
(Anambas Islands,
Bali,
Banggai Islands,
Bangka,
Batu Islands,
Bawean Islands,
Belitung,
Buton,
Flores,
Java,
Kabaena,
Kalimantan,
Kangean Islands,
Karimunjawa Islands,
Lombok,
Muna,
Natuna Islands,
Nias,
Panaitan,
Penida,
Peucang,
Riau Islands,
Sangir Islands
[Biaro,
Sangir],
Sebuku,
Selayar,
Siberut,
Simeulue,
Sipura,
Sula Islands
[Sanana],
Sulawesi,
Sumatra,
Sumbawa,
Ternate,
Togian Islands,
Weh),
Laos,
Malaysia
(Sabah,
Sarawak,
West Malaysia
[incl.
Langkawi Archipelago,
Seribuat Archipelago
(incl.
Aur,
Tioman)]),
Myanmar,
Nepal,
Philippines
(Babuyan Islands
[Camiguin Norte],
Balabac,
Batan Islands
[Batan,
Itbayat],
Bohol,
Calamian Islands
[Busuanga,
Calauit],
Coron,
Culion,
Camiguin Sur,
Cebu,
Dinagat,
Leyte,
Luzon,
Mapun,
Masbate,
Mindanao,
Negros,
Palawan,
Panay,
Polillo,
Romblon,
Samar,
Sulu Islands
[Basilan,
Bongao,
Jolo,
Sangasanga,
Siasi,
Sibutu,
Tawi-Tawi],
Tablas),
Singapore,
Sri Lanka,
Thailand,
Vietnam
(incl.
Cat Ba Island).
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Ahaetulla anomala
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Bengal Whip Snake, Variable-coloured Vine Snake
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Bengal-Peitschennatter
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Bengal-piskesnog
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1906 | |
Dryophis mycterizans anomalus Annandale |
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Ahaetulla anomala Mohapatra, Dutta, Kar, Das, Murthy & Deepak 2017 |
Remarks:
Previously regarded as a synonym of nasuta (e.g., Smith 1943).
Revalidated as a separate species by Mohapatra, Dutta, Kar, Das, Murthy & Deepak (2017).
The exact distribution limits of anomala and oxyrhyncha are unclear.
Further studies are needed to clarify this (Mallik, Srikanthan, Pal, D'Souza, Shanker & Ganesh 2020).
Distribution:
Bangladesh,
India
(Chhattisgarh,
Jharkhand,
Odisha,
West Bengal),
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Ahaetulla borealis
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Northwest Indian Whip Snake
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Nordwestindische Peitschennatter
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Nordvestindisk Piskesnog
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2020 | |
Ahaetulla borealis Mallik, Srikanthan, Pal, D'Souza, Shanker & Ganesh |
Remarks:
Previously regarded as a population of nasuta (Mallik, Srikanthan, Pal, D'Souza, Shanker & Ganesh 2020).
Distribution:
India
(Goa,
Karnataka,
Maharashtra).
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Ahaetulla dispar
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South Indian Whip Snake, (Günther's Whip Snake)
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Südindische Peitschennatter
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Sydindisk Piskesnog
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1864 | |
Tragops dispar Günther |
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Dryophis dispar Boulenger 1890 |
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Ahaetulla dispar Murthy 1985 |
Remarks:
Previously included the population now assigned to travancorica (Mallik, Srikanthan, Pal, D'Souza, Shanker & Ganesh 2020).
Records from Karnataka (e.g., Lewis, Piggott, Griffin, Greig-Smith, Martin, Barretto, Bajibab, Thorpe-Dixon, Prodromou, Fordham, Willis, Turner, Radovanovic & Holloway 2010;
Srinivasulu, Srinivasulu, Achyuthan & Mohapatra 2013) need confirmation (Mallik, Srikanthan, Pal, D'Souza, Shanker & Ganesh 2020, by implication).
Distribution:
India
(Kerala,
Tamil Nadu).
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Ahaetulla farnsworthi
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Karnataka Whip Snake
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Karnataka-Peitschennatter
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Karnataka-piskesnog
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2020 | |
Ahaetulla farnsworthi Mallik, Srikanthan, Pal, D'Souza, Shanker & Ganesh |
Remarks:
Previously regarded as a population of nasuta (Mallik, Srikanthan, Pal, D'Souza, Shanker & Ganesh 2020).
Distribution:
India
(Karnataka).
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Ahaetulla fasciolata
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Speckle-headed Whip Snake, Speckle-headed Vine Snake, Banded Vine Snake
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Gefleckte Peitschennatter
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Spæthovedet Piskesnog
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1885 | |
Tragops fasciolatus Fischer |
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Dryophis fasciolatus Lidth de Jeude 1890 |
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Passerita fasciolatus Smedley 1932 |
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Dryophis prasina fasciolata Günther 1895 |
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Ahaetulla fasciolata Tweedie 1983 |
Distribution:
Brunei,
Indonesia
(Kalimantan,
Natuna Islands,
Sumatra),
Malaysia
(Sabah,
Sarawak,
West Malaysia
[incl.
Langkawi Archipelago]),
Singapore,
Thailand.
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Ahaetulla flavescens
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Yellow Whip Snake
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Gelbe Peitschennatter
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Gul Piskesnog
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1910 | |
Dryophis prasinus flavescens Wall |
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Ahaetulla flavescens Srikanthan, Adhikari, Mallik, Campbell, Bhatt, Shanker & Ganesh 2022 |
1930 | |
Dryophis prasinus indicus Mell (syn. Srikanthan, Adhikari, Mallik, Campbell, Bhatt, Shanker & Ganesh 2022) |
Remarks:
Previously regarded as a synonym of prasina (e.g., Smith 1943).
Revalidated as a separate species by Srikanthan, Adhikari, Mallik, Campbell, Bhatt, Shanker & Ganesh (2022).
Records of prasina from India refer to flavescens.
Records of prasina from Bhutan are provisionally referred to flavescens as well.
Distribution:
Bhutan,
India
(Arunachal Pradesh,
Assam,
Manipur,
Meghalaya,
Mizoram,
Nagaland,
Sikkim,
West Bengal).
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Ahaetulla fronticincta
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Burmese Whip Snake, River Whip Snake, River Vine Snake, Burmese Vine Snake, (Common Green Whip Snake)
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Burmesische Peitschennatter
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Burmesisk Piskesnog
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1858 | |
Dryophis fronticinctus Günther |
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Tragops fronticinctus Günther 1864 |
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Ahaetulla fronticinctus Murthy 1985 |
Remarks:
In spite of several records from India (e.g., Smith 1943; Ahmed, Das & Dutta 2009; Ahmed & Dasgupta 1992; Das 1994, 1996, 2003; Sharma 2003; Whitaker & Captain 2004;
Aengals, Kumar, Palot & Ganesh 2018), the presence of fronticincta in the country is doubtful.
It has not been confirmed in recent surveys (I. Das, cited in the Reptile Database (reptile-database.reptarium.cz), viewed 13 April 2013; Wogan & Vogel 2020)
Distribution:
Myanmar.
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Ahaetulla fusca
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Dark Whip Snake
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Dunkle Peitschennatter
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Mørk Piskesnog
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1854 | |
Dryinus fuscus Dumeril, Bibron & Dumeril |
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Ahaetulla fusca David & Vogel 2022 |
1908 | |
Dryophis mycterizans rhodogaster Wall (syn. David, Nadolski, Ganesh, Adhikari & Srikanthan 2022) |
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Ahaetulla nasuta rhodogaster Deepak, Narayanan, Sarkar, Dutta & Mohapatra 2019 |
Remarks:
Previously regarded as a synonym of nasuta (e.g., David & Dubois 2005).
Revalidated by David, Nadolski, Ganesh, Adhikari & Srikanthan (2022).
Distribution:
Cambodia,
Laos,
Myanmar,
Thailand,
Vietnam.
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Ahaetulla fusca
© Henrik Bringsøe
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Ahaetulla isabellina
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Isabella Whip Snake
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Isabella-Peitschennatter
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Isabella-piskesnog
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1910 | |
Dryophis mycterizans isabellinus Wall |
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Ahaetulla nasuta isabellina Deepak, Narayanan, Sarkar, Dutta & Mohapatra 2019 |
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Ahaetulla isabellina Mallik, Srikanthan, Pal, D'Souza, Shanker & Ganesh 2020 |
Remarks:
Previously regarded as a synonym of nasuta (e.g., Smith 1943).
Raised to species status by Mallik, Srikanthan, Pal, D'Souza, Shanker & Ganesh (2020).
Distribution:
India
(Kerala,
Tamil Nadu).
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Ahaetulla laudankia
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Laudankia Whip Snake, Laudankia Vine Snake
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Laudankia-Peitschennatter
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Laudankia-piskesnog
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2019 | |
Ahaetulla laudankia Deepak, Narayanan, Sarkar, Dutta & Mohapatra |
Distribution:
India
(Assam,
Chhattisgarh,
Gujarat,
Madhya Pradesh,
Maharashtra,
Odisha,
Rajasthan),
Nepal.
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Ahaetulla longirostris
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Bihar Whip Snake
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Bihar-Peitschennatter
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Bihar-piskesnog
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2024 | |
Ahaetulla longirostris Mirza, Pattekar, Verma, Stuart, Purkayastha, Mohapatra & Patel |
Distribution:
India
(Bihar,
Meghalaya).
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Ahaetulla malabarica
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Malabar Whip Snake
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Malabar-Peitschennatter
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Malabar-piskesnog
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2020 | |
Ahaetulla malabarica Mallik, Srikanthan, Pal, D'Souza, Shanker & Ganesh |
Remarks:
Previously regarded as a population of nasuta (Mallik, Srikanthan, Pal, D'Souza, Shanker & Ganesh 2020).
Distribution:
India
(Karnataka,
Kerala).
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Ahaetulla mycterizans
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Big-eyed Green Whip Snake, Malayan Green Whip Snake, Malayan Vine Snake, (Common Green Whip Snake)
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Grossaugen-Peitschennatter
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Storøjet Grøn Piskesnog
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1758 | |
Coluber mycterizans Linnaeus |
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Dryophis mycterizans Andersson 1899 |
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Ahaetulla mycterizans Brongersma in Dammerman 1929 |
1827 | |
Dryophis xanthozonia Boie (syn. Smith 1943) |
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Dryophis xanthozona [sic] Brongersma in Dammerman 1929 |
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Passerita xanthozonia Smith 1930 |
Remarks:
Probably due to confusion with nasuta or prasina, this species has mistakenly been reported from Bangladesh (Sarker & Sarker 1985), Cambodia (Deuve 1970),
India (Ahmed & Dasgupta 1991), Laos (Deuve 1970), and Vietnam (Deuve 1970).
Distribution:
Indonesia
(Java,
Sumatra),
Malaysia
(West Malaysia),
Myanmar,
Singapore,
Thailand.
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Ahaetulla mycterizans
© Rune Midtgaard
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Ahaetulla nasuta
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Long-nosed Green Whip Snake, Long-nosed Whip Snake, Indian Vine Snake, (Common Green Whip Snake, Green Vine Snake)
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Nasen-Peitschennatter
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Spidssnudet Grøn Piskesnog, Langsnudet Piskesnog
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1789 | |
Coluber nasutus Lacepede |
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Dryinus nasutus Merrem 1820 |
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Dryiophis nasuta Schlegel 1837 |
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Dryophis nasutus Andersson 1898 |
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Passerita nasuta Cochran 1930 |
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Ahaetulla nasuta Stejneger 1933 |
1921 | |
Dryophis mycterizans rhodonotus Wall (syn. Smith 1943; Mallik, Srikanthan, Pal, D'Souza, Shanker & Ganesh 2020) |
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Ahaetulla nasuta rhodonota Deepak, Narayanan, Sarkar, Dutta & Mohapatra 2019 |
Remarks:
Now restricted to Sri Lanka.
Previously included anomala, fusca, isabellina, oxyrhyncha,
as well as the populations now assigned to borealis, farnsworthi, malabarica, and sahyadrensis.
Mallik, Srikanthan, Pal, D'Souza, Shanker & Ganesh (2020) considered nasuta "endemic" to Sri Lanka, however, the authors refrained from making conclusions regarding the status of
"extralimital populations" (i.e. populations from northern India, Bangladesh, Bhutan, Nepal, and Southeast Asia), pending further studies.
Populations from Myanmar and Indochina were subsequently assigned to fusca.
Status of records from Langkawi, Malaysia (Zimmerer 2004; Grismer, Youmans, Wood, Ponce, Wright, Jones, Johnson, Sanders, Gower, Yaakob & Lim 2006; Grismer 2008), is unclear.
Distribution:
Sri Lanka.
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Ahaetulla nasuta
© Henrik Bringsøe
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Ahaetulla oxyrhyncha
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Southeast Indian Whip Snake
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Südostindische Peitschennatter
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Sydøstindisk Piskesnog
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1825 | |
Dryinus oxyrhynchus Bell |
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Ahaetulla oxyrhyncha Mallik, Srikanthan, Pal, D'Souza, Shanker & Ganesh 2020 |
1825 | |
Dryinus russellianus Bell (syn. Mallik, Srikanthan, Pal, D'Souza, Shanker & Ganesh 2020) |
1833 | |
Dryophis passericki Schinz (syn. Mallik, Srikanthan, Pal, D'Souza, Shanker & Ganesh 2020) |
Remarks:
Previously regarded as a synonym of nasuta (e.g., Smith 1943). Revalidated by Mallik, Srikanthan, Pal, D'Souza, Shanker & Ganesh (2020).
The exact distribution limits of anomala and oxyrhyncha are unclear.
Further studies are needed to clarify this (Mallik, Srikanthan, Pal, D'Souza, Shanker & Ganesh 2020).
Distribution:
India
(Andhra Pradesh,
Gujarat,
Karnataka,
Maharashtra,
Odisha,
Tamil Nadu,
Telangana,
West Bengal).
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Ahaetulla perroteti
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Bronze-headed Whip Snake
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Bronzeköpfige Peitschennatter
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Bronzehovedet Piskesnog
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1854 | |
Psammophis perroteti Dumeril & Bibron |
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Tropidococcyx perroteti Theobald 1868 |
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Dryophis perroteti Boulenger 1890 |
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Ahaetulla perroteti Murthy 1985 |
1853 | |
Leptophis canarensis Jerdon (syn. Mallik, Srikanthan, Pal, D'Souza, Shanker & Ganesh 2020) |
1858 | |
Dryophis tropidococcyx Günther (syn. Mallik, Srikanthan, Pal, D'Souza, Shanker & Ganesh 2020) |
Remarks:
There is a single record from "North Canara" (now Uttar Kannada, Karnataka), the type locality of Leptophis canarensis, which needs confirmation.
Distribution:
India
(Kerala,
Tamil Nadu).
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Ahaetulla prasina
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Short-nosed Whip Snake, Yellow-green Whip Snake, Oriental Whip Snake, Oriental Vine Snake, Jade Vine Snake, Asian Vine Snake
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Grüne Peitschennatter
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Kortsnudet Grøn Piskesnog
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1827 | |
Dryophis prasina Reinwardt |
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Dryinus prasinus Cantor 1847 |
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Tragops prasinus Duméril & Bibron 1854 |
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Passerita prasina Stejneger 1922 |
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Ahaetulla prasina Brongersma in Dammerman 1929 |
1802 | |
Coluber nasutus Shaw [not Coluber nasutus Lacepede 1789] (syn. Zhao & Adler 1993) |
1827 | |
Dryophis pavoninus Boie (syn. Iskandar & Colijn 2001) |
1885 | |
Tragops prasinus citrina Müller (syn. Iskandar & Colijn 2001) |
1922 | |
Dryophis griseus Taylor (syn. Leviton 1967) |
1922 | |
Dryophis preocularis Taylor |
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Ahaetulla prasina preocularis Leviton 1967 |
1930 | |
Dryophis prasinus chinensis Mell (syn. Smith 1943) |
1994 | |
Ahaetulla prasina suluensis Gaulke |
2002 | |
Ahaetulla prasina medioxima Lazell |
Other common names:
preocularis: Philippine Whip Snake, Philippine Vine Snake
suluensis: Sulu Whip Snake, Sulu Vine Snake
Remarks:
Previously included flavescens.
Records of prasina from India refer to flavescens.
Records from Bhutan are provisionally referred to flavescens.
Only two records from Hong Kong, China (Karsen, Lau & Bogadek 1998).
Leviton, Siler, Weinell & Brown (2018) did not include Itbayat (Batan Islands) or Mapun in the distribution of the species.
Distribution:
Bangladesh,
Brunei,
Cambodia,
China
(Fujian,
Guangdong,
Guangxi,
Guizhou,
Hainan,
Hong Kong
[incl.
Shek Kwu Chau Island],
Hunan,
Tibet,
Yunnan),
Indonesia
(Anambas Islands,
Bali,
Banggai Islands,
Bangka,
Batu Islands,
Bawean Islands,
Belitung,
Buton,
Flores,
Java,
Kabaena,
Kalimantan,
Kangean Islands,
Karimunjawa Islands,
Lombok,
Muna,
Natuna Islands,
Nias,
Panaitan,
Penida,
Peucang,
Riau Islands,
Sangir Islands
[Biaro,
Sangir],
Sebuku,
Selayar,
Siberut,
Simeulue,
Sipura,
Sula Islands
[Sanana],
Sulawesi,
Sumatra,
Sumbawa,
Ternate,
Togian Islands,
Weh),
Laos,
Malaysia
(Sabah,
Sarawak,
West Malaysia
[incl.
Langkawi Archipelago,
Seribuat Archipelago
(incl.
Aur,
Tioman)]),
Myanmar,
Philippines
(Babuyan Islands
[Camiguin Norte],
Balabac,
Batan Islands
[Batan,
Itbayat],
Bohol,
Calamian Islands
[Busuanga,
Calauit],
Coron,
Culion,
Camiguin Sur,
Cebu,
Dinagat,
Leyte,
Luzon,
Mapun,
Masbate,
Mindanao,
Negros,
Palawan,
Panay,
Polillo,
Romblon,
Samar,
Sulu Islands
[Basilan,
Bongao,
Jolo,
Sangasanga,
Siasi,
Sibutu,
Tawi-Tawi],
Tablas),
Singapore,
Thailand,
Vietnam
(incl.
Cat Ba Island).
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Ahaetulla prasina
© Rune Midtgaard
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Ahaetulla pulverulenta
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Brown Speckled Whip Snake, Brown Whip Snake, Thunderbolt Snake
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Gesprenkelte Peitschennatter
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Spættet Brun Piskesnog
|
1854 | |
Dryinus pulverulentus Dumeril, Bibron & Dumeril |
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Dryophis pulverulentus Boulenger 1890 |
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Ahaetulla pulverulenta Murthy 1985 |
1864 | |
Passerita purpurascens Günther (syn. Smith 1943; Mallik, Srikanthan, Pal, D'Souza, Shanker & Ganesh 2020) |
1955 | |
Ahaetulla pulverulenta xanthiscuta Deraniyagala (syn. Mallik, Srikanthan, Pal, D'Souza, Shanker & Ganesh 2020) |
Remarks:
Now endemic to Sri Lanka.
Previously included the Peninsular Indian populations now referred to sahyadrensis (Mallik, Srikanthan, Pal, D'Souza, Shanker & Ganesh 2020).
Records from Jharkand, India, (Dasgupta & Raha 2004) and Bangladesh (Neumann-Denzau & Denzau 2010) are presumably based on confusion with other species.
Distribution:
Sri Lanka.
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Ahaetulla rufusoculara
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Red-eyed Whip Snake, Red-eyed Vine Snake
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Rotaugen-Peitschennatter
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Rødøjet Piskesnog
|
2021 | |
Ahaetulla rufusoculara Lam, Thu, Nguyen, Murphy & Nguyen |
Distribution:
Vietnam.
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Ahaetulla sahyadrensis
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Sahyadri Hills Whip Snake
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Sahyadri-Peitschennatter
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Sahyadri-piskesnog
|
1858 | |
Passerita mycterizans var. fuscus Günther [not Dryinus fuscus Dumeril, Bibron & Dumeril 1854] (syn. Mallik, Srikanthan, Pal, D'Souza, Shanker & Ganesh 2020) |
1955 | |
Dryophis pulverulenta indica Deraniyagala [not Dryophis prasinus indicus Mell 1930] (syn. Mallik, Srikanthan, Pal, D'Souza, Shanker & Ganesh 2020) |
2020 | |
Ahaetulla sahyadrensis Mallik, Srikanthan, Pal, D'Souza, Shanker & Ganesh [substitute name for Passerita mycterizans var. fuscus Günther 1858] |
Remarks:
Previously regarded as the Indian population of pulverulenta (Mallik, Srikanthan, Pal, D'Souza, Shanker & Ganesh 2020).
Records from Gujarat need confirmation (Patel & Vyas 2019, as pulverulenta).
Records from Rajasthan (e.g., Sharma 2000; Sharma, Rathor, Chawda & Patel 2001) are considered erroneous (Srinivasulu, Srinivasulu, Deepak, Achyuthan & Vyas 2013, as pulverulenta).
Distribution:
India
(Goa,
Karnataka,
Kerala,
Maharashtra,
Tamil Nadu).
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Ahaetulla travancorica
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Travancore Whip Snake
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Travancore-Peitschennatter
|
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Travancore-piskesnog
|
2020 | |
Ahaetulla travancorica Mallik, Srikanthan, Pal, D'Souza, Shanker & Ganesh |
Remarks:
Previously regarded as a population of dispar (Mallik, Srikanthan, Pal, D'Souza, Shanker & Ganesh 2020).
Distribution:
India
(Kerala,
Tamil Nadu).
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