Reptiles of Roraima [Brazil] Related checklists:  Brazil Bibliography of the reptiles of Roraima Taxonomic history of the reptiles of Roraima Introduced species

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Citation: Midtgaard, Rune. RepFocus - A Survey of the Reptiles of the World. www.repfocus.dk (Compilation date: 14th April, 2023).

Checklist General remarks: The list includes only formally described species. Newly discovered, but still unnamed species are excluded. However, unnamed species or species unassigned to species level are included, if they are the only representatives of their genus in the region. Species counts exclude extinct and introduced species. Doubtful records, typically older voucher specimens of uncertain origin, have been excluded if considered questionable, as are records based on sources considered unreliable or controversial. Note: Your comments to the checklist (omissions, errors, etc.) are welcomed, preferably if they are provided with reliable references. If possible, please attach a pdf file of the relevant reference to an email addressed to:

	Worm Lizards (Amphisbaenia)
	= endemicEX = extinct or assumed extinct Species References  Family Amphisbaenidae (Typical Worm Lizards) Genus Amphisbaena (Neotropical Worm Lizards)   Amphisbaena alba Common Red Worm Lizard Avila-Pires 2005 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 O'Shea 1990   Amphisbaena fuliginosa Spotted Worm Lizard Avila-Pires 2005 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 O'Shea 1990 Roberto, Muniz Silva, Pinto & Avila 2021 Vanzolini 1951 [as fuliginosa] Vanzolini 2002

	Crocodilians (Crocodylia)
	= endemicEX = extinct or assumed extinct Species References  Family Alligatoridae (Alligators and Caimans) Genus Caiman (Typical Caimans)   Caiman crocodilus Common Caiman Avila-Pires 2005 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 O'Shea 1990 Santos Azevedo, Oliveira & Costa 2021 Genus Melanosuchus (Black Caiman)   Melanosuchus niger Black Caiman Avila-Pires 2005 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 O'Shea 1990 Genus Paleosuchus (Dwarf Caimans)   Paleosuchus palpebrosus Cayenne Dwarf Caiman Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Muniz, Senna Bittencourt, Pires Farias, Hrbek & Campos 2015   Paleosuchus trigonatus Northwestern Dwarf Caiman Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Moraes, Almeida, Fraga, Rojas, Pirani, Silva, Carvalho, Gordo & Werneck 2017 Muniz, Senna Bittencourt, Pires Farias, Hrbek & Campos 2015

	Lizards (Sauria)
	= endemicEX = extinct or assumed extinct Species References  Family Alopoglossidae (Fold-tongued Spectacled Tejus) Genus Alopoglossus (Western Shade Tejus)   Alopoglossus atriventris Ecuadorian Black-bellied Shade Teju Santos Azevedo, Oliveira & Costa 2021  Family Anolidae (Anoles) Genus Dactyloa (Fringe-toed Anoles)   Dactyloa punctata Blue-spotted Green Anole Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Moraes, Almeida, Fraga, Rojas, Pirani, Silva, Carvalho, Gordo & Werneck 2017 Ribeiro-Junior & Amaral 2016 Ribeiro-Junior 2015 Rodrigues, Xavier, Skuk & Pavan 2002 Genus Norops (Brilliant Anoles)   Norops auratus Surinam Grass Anole Avila-Pires 1995 Avila-Pires 2005 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Cunha 1981 O'Shea 1990 Ribeiro-Junior & Amaral 2016 Ribeiro-Junior 2015   Norops chrysolepis Greater Golden-scaled Anole Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Ribeiro-Junior & Amaral 2016 Ribeiro-Junior 2015 Santos Azevedo, Oliveira & Costa 2021   Norops fuscoauratus Lichen-coloured Anole Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Moraes, Almeida, Fraga, Rojas, Pirani, Silva, Carvalho, Gordo & Werneck 2017 Ribeiro-Junior & Amaral 2016 Ribeiro-Junior 2015   Norops ortonii Amazon Bark Anole Avila-Pires 2005 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 d'Assuncao, Filho, Santos Araujo & Moura 2012 Ribeiro-Junior & Amaral 2016 Ribeiro-Junior 2015 Santos Azevedo, Oliveira & Costa 2021   Norops planiceps Orange-fanned Leaf-litter Anole Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 D'Angiolella, Gamble, Avila-Pires, Colli, Noonan & Vitt 2011 Moraes, Almeida, Fraga, Rojas, Pirani, Silva, Carvalho, Gordo & Werneck 2017 Ribeiro-Junior & Amaral 2016 Ribeiro-Junior 2015  Family Gekkonidae (Typical Geckos) Genus Hemidactylus (Half-toed Geckos)   Hemidactylus palaichthus Guyana Half-toed Gecko Avila-Pires 1995 Avila-Pires 2005 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Cunha 1981 Lajmi, Bansal, Giri & Karanth 2019 O'Shea 1990 Ribeiro-Junior & Amaral 2016 Ribeiro-Junior 2015 Santos Azevedo, Oliveira & Costa 2021 Vitt & Zani 1998  Family Gymnophthalmidae (Scaly-tongued Spectacled Tejus) Genus Arthrosaura (Creek Tejus)   Arthrosaura reticulata Western Creek Teju Avila-Pires 2005 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Ribeiro-Junior & Amaral 2016 Ribeiro-Junior & Amaral 2017 Santos Azevedo, Oliveira & Costa 2021 Vitt & Zani 1998 Genus Bachia (Earless Tejus)   Bachia flavescens Guiana Earless Teju Avila-Pires 1995 Avila-Pires 2005 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Ribeiro-Junior & Amaral 2016 Ribeiro-Junior & Amaral 2017 [as "B. flavescens complex"] Santos Azevedo, Oliveira & Costa 2021   Bachia panoplia Manaus Earless Teju Santos Azevedo, Oliveira & Costa 2021 Genus Cercosaura (Eastern Shade Tejus)   Cercosaura ocellata Ocellated Shade Teju Avila-Pires 1995 Avila-Pires 2005 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Dantas Sales, Silva Jorge, Meira-Ribeiro & Xavier Freire 2014 Moraes, Almeida, Fraga, Rojas, Pirani, Silva, Carvalho, Gordo & Werneck 2017 O'Shea 1990 Ribeiro-Junior & Amaral 2017 Santos Azevedo, Oliveira & Costa 2021 Genus Gymnophthalmus (Snake-eyed Tejus)   Gymnophthalmus leucomystax White Snake-eyed Teju Avila-Pires 1995 Avila-Pires 2005 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Recoder, Vechio, Marques-Souza, Teixeira, Silva-da-Silva, Santos Junior, Ribeiro, Barrio-Amoros & Rodrigues 2018 Ribeiro-Junior & Amaral 2016 Ribeiro-Junior & Amaral 2017   Gymnophthalmus underwoodi Smooth-scaled Snake-eyed Teju Avila-Pires 1995 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Farias & Vogt 2020 O'Shea 1990 Recoder, Vechio, Marques-Souza, Teixeira, Silva-da-Silva, Santos Junior, Ribeiro, Barrio-Amoros & Rodrigues 2018 Ribeiro-Junior & Amaral 2016 Ribeiro-Junior & Amaral 2017 Vanzolini & Carvalho 1991 Vitt & Zani 1998   Gymnophthalmus vanzoi Roraima Snake-eyed Teju Avila-Pires 2005 Carvalho 1999 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Recoder, Vechio, Marques-Souza, Teixeira, Silva-da-Silva, Santos Junior, Ribeiro, Barrio-Amoros & Rodrigues 2018 Ribeiro-Junior & Amaral 2016 Ribeiro-Junior & Amaral 2017 Genus Loxopholis (Western Root Tejus)   Loxopholis percarinata Striped Root Teju Avila-Pires 1995 Avila-Pires 2005 Brunes, Silva, Marques-Souza, Rodrigues & Pellegrino 2019 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Marques Souza, Pellegrino, Sales Nunes, Teixeira Junior, Gordo, Carvalho, Almeida, Oliveira, Frazao, Hrbek, Pires Farias & Rodrigues 2015 O'Shea 1990 Ribeiro-Junior & Amaral 2016 Ribeiro-Junior & Amaral 2017 Rodrigues 1997 Rodrigues, Dixo & Accacio 2002 Vitt & Zani 1998 Genus Neusticurus (Guianan Water Tejus)   Neusticurus arekuna Pantepui Water Teju Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Kok, Bittenbinder, Berg, Souza, Nunes, Laking, Teixeira Junior, Fouquet, Means, MacCulloch & Rodrigues 2018 Marques-Souza, Prates, Fouquet, Camacho, Kok, Nunes, Vechio, Recoder, Mejia, Teixeira-Junior, Barrio-Amoros, Cassimiro, Lima, Sena & Rodrigues 2018 [as N. rudis]   Neusticurus racenisi Common Venezuelan Water Teju Avila-Pires 1995 Avila-Pires 2005 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Kok, Bittenbinder, Berg, Souza, Nunes, Laking, Teixeira Junior, Fouquet, Means, MacCulloch & Rodrigues 2018 Marques-Souza, Prates, Fouquet, Camacho, Kok, Nunes, Vechio, Recoder, Mejia, Teixeira-Junior, Barrio-Amoros, Cassimiro, Lima, Sena & Rodrigues 2018 O'Shea 1990 Ribeiro-Junior & Amaral 2016 Ribeiro-Junior & Amaral 2017 Genus Tretioscincus (Skink Tejus)   Tretioscincus agilis Agile Skink Teju Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Ribeiro-Junior & Amaral 2016 Ribeiro-Junior & Amaral 2017 Santos Azevedo, Oliveira & Costa 2021   Tretioscincus oriximinensis Oriximina Skink Teju Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Moraes, Almeida, Fraga, Rojas, Pirani, Silva, Carvalho, Gordo & Werneck 2017 Ribeiro-Junior & Amaral 2016 Ribeiro-Junior & Amaral 2017 Vitt & Zani 1998  Family Iguanidae (Greater Iguanas) Genus Iguana (Green Iguanas)   Iguana iguana South American Green Iguana Avila-Pires 1995 Avila-Pires 2005 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Cunha 1981 O'Shea 1990 Ribeiro-Junior & Amaral 2016 Ribeiro-Junior 2015 Santos Azevedo, Oliveira & Costa 2021  Family Phyllodactylidae (Leaf-toed Geckos) Genus Thecadactylus (Turnip-tailed Geckos)   Thecadactylus rapicauda Northern Turnip-tailed Gecko Avila-Pires 1995 Avila-Pires 2005 Bergmann & Russell 2007 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Moraes, Almeida, Fraga, Rojas, Pirani, Silva, Carvalho, Gordo & Werneck 2017 O'Shea 1990 Ribeiro-Junior & Amaral 2016 Ribeiro-Junior 2015 Vitt & Zani 1998  Family Polychrotidae (Monkey Lizards) Genus Polychrus (Monkey Lizards)   Polychrus marmoratus Marbled Monkey Lizard Araujo-Neto, Tiburcio, Galdino, Goncalves & Silva 2012 Avila-Pires 1995 Avila-Pires 2005 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Moraes, Almeida, Fraga, Rojas, Pirani, Silva, Carvalho, Gordo & Werneck 2017 O'Shea 1990 Ribeiro-Junior & Amaral 2016 Ribeiro-Junior 2015 Santos Azevedo, Oliveira & Costa 2021  Family Scincidae (Skinks) Genus Copeoglossum (Neotropical Spotted Skinks)   Copeoglossum nigropunctatum Black-spotted Skink Avila-Pires 1995 Avila-Pires 2005 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Cunha 1981 [as Mabuya bistriata] Hedges & Conn 2012 Miralles & Carranza 2010 Miralles, Barrio-Amoros, Rivas & Chaparro-Auza 2006 Moraes, Almeida, Fraga, Rojas, Pirani, Silva, Carvalho, Gordo & Werneck 2017 O'Shea 1990 [as Mabuya bistriata] Ribeiro-Junior & Amaral 2016 Santos Azevedo, Oliveira & Costa 2021 Vitt & Zani 1998 Genus Panopa (Venezuelan Blue-tailed Skinks)   Panopa carvalhoi Amazonian Blue-tailed Skink Avila-Pires 1995 Avila-Pires 2005 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Hedges & Conn 2012 Miralles & Carranza 2010 Miralles, Rivas-Fuenmayor & Barrio-Amoros 2005 Ribeiro-Junior & Amaral 2016 Santos Azevedo, Oliveira & Costa 2021 Vitt & Zani 1998 Genus Varzea (Amazonian Floodplain Skinks)   Varzea bistriata Lower Amazon Floodplain Skink Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Ribeiro-Junior & Amaral 2016  Family Sphaerodactylidae (Least Geckos, etc.) Genus Chatogekko (Pug-nosed Dwarf Gecko)   Chatogekko amazonicus Pug-nosed Dwarf Gecko Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Gamble, Daza, Colli, Vitt & Bauer 2011 Geurgas, Rodrigues & Moritz 2008 Ribeiro-Junior & Amaral 2016 Ribeiro-Junior 2015 Santos Azevedo, Oliveira & Costa 2021 Vitt & Zani 1998 Genus Coleodactylus (Sheath-toed Pygmy Geckos)   Coleodactylus septentrionalis Northern Pygmy Gecko Avila-Pires 1995 Avila-Pires 2005 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Cunha 1981 Geurgas, Rodrigues & Moritz 2008 Goncalves, Torquato, Skuk & Sena 2012 O'Shea 1990 Ribeiro-Junior & Amaral 2016 Ribeiro-Junior 2015 Vanzolini 1980 Vitt & Zani 1998 Genus Gonatodes (American Padless Geckos)   Gonatodes humeralis Bridled Forest Gecko Avila-Pires 1995 Avila-Pires 2005 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Cunha 1981 Hoogmoed 1973 O'Shea 1990 Ribeiro-Junior & Amaral 2016 Ribeiro-Junior 2015 Santos Azevedo, Oliveira & Costa 2021 Vanzolini 1968 Vitt & Zani 1998 Genus Pseudogonatodes (South American Pygmy Geckos)   Pseudogonatodes guianensis Amazon Pygmy Gecko Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Moraes, Almeida, Fraga, Rojas, Pirani, Silva, Carvalho, Gordo & Werneck 2017 Santos Azevedo, Oliveira & Costa 2021  Family Teiidae (Greater Tejus) Genus Ameiva (South American Ameivas)   Ameiva ameiva South American Giant Ameiva Avila-Pires 1995 Avila-Pires 2005 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Cunha 1981 Moraes, Almeida, Fraga, Rojas, Pirani, Silva, Carvalho, Gordo & Werneck 2017 O'Shea 1990 Ribeiro-Junior & Amaral 2016 Santos Azevedo, Oliveira & Costa 2021 Vitt & Zani 1998 Genus Cnemidophorus (Southern Whiptails)   Cnemidophorus lemniscatus Rainbow Whiptail Avila-Pires 1995 [as "cf. lemniscatus"] Avila-Pires 2005 Cole & Dessauer 1993 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Cunha 1981 Mesquita & Colli 2003 Ribeiro-Junior & Amaral 2016 Genus Crocodilurus (Crocodile Teju)   Crocodilurus amazonicus Crocodile Teju Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Ribeiro-Junior & Amaral 2016 Santos Azevedo, Oliveira & Costa 2021 Genus Kentropyx (Spurred Whiptails)   Kentropyx altamazonica Cocha Whiptail Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Ribeiro-Junior & Amaral 2016 Santos Azevedo, Oliveira & Costa 2021   Kentropyx calcarata Striped Forest Whiptail Avila-Pires 1995 Avila-Pires 2005 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 O'Shea 1990 Ribeiro-Junior & Amaral 2016 Santos Azevedo, Oliveira & Costa 2021   Kentropyx striata Surinam Striped Whiptail Avila-Pires 1995 Avila-Pires 2005 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Cunha 1981 O'Shea 1990 Ribeiro-Junior & Amaral 2016 Santos Azevedo, Oliveira & Costa 2021 Vitt & Carvalho 1992 Genus Tupinambis (Northern Tejus)   Tupinambis cryptus Northern Black-and-White Teju Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Murphy, Jowers, Lehtinen, Charles, Colli, Peres, Hendry & Pyron 2016 [based on map]   Tupinambis teguixin Amazonian Black-and-White Teju Avila-Pires 1995 Avila-Pires 2005 Colli, Peres & Cunha 1998 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Fitzgerald, Cook & Aquino 1999 Murphy, Jowers, Lehtinen, Charles, Colli, Peres, Hendry & Pyron 2016 Passos, Lima-Araujo, Melo & Borges-Nojosa 2013 Ribeiro-Junior & Amaral 2016 Santos Azevedo, Oliveira & Costa 2021 Silva, Ribeiro-Junior & Avila-Pires 2018 Vitt & Zani 1998  Family Tropiduridae (Rough-tailed Iguanas) Genus Plica (Tree Runners)   Plica plica Collared Tree Runner Avila-Pires 1995 Avila-Pires 2005 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Cunha 1981 Etheridge 1970 Moraes, Almeida, Fraga, Rojas, Pirani, Silva, Carvalho, Gordo & Werneck 2017 O'Shea 1990 Ribeiro-Junior & Amaral 2016 Ribeiro-Junior 2015 Vitt 1991   Plica umbra Smooth-necked Tree Runner Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Ribeiro-Junior & Amaral 2016 Ribeiro-Junior 2015 Santos Azevedo, Oliveira & Costa 2021 Genus Tropidurus (Eastern Keel-tailed Iguanas)   Tropidurus hispidus Spotted Keel-tailed Iguana Avila-Pires 1995 Avila-Pires 2005 Carvalho 2013 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Cunha 1981 O'Shea 1990 Ribeiro-Junior & Amaral 2016 Ribeiro-Junior 2015 Rodrigues 1987 Sousa Abreu, Frota & Yuki 2002 Vitt & Zani 1998 Genus Uranoscodon (Mop-headed Iguana)   Uranoscodon superciliosus Mop-headed Iguana Avila-Pires 1995 Avila-Pires 2005 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 O'Shea 1990 Ribeiro-Junior & Amaral 2016 Ribeiro-Junior 2015 Santos Azevedo, Oliveira & Costa 2021 Vitt & Zani 1998

	Snakes (Serpentes)
	= endemicEX = extinct or assumed extinct Species References  Family Aniliidae (South American Pipe Snake) Genus Anilius (South American Pipe Snake)   Anilius scytale South American Pipe Snake Santos Azevedo, Oliveira & Costa 2021  Family Boidae (Typical Boas) Genus Boa (Red-tailed Boas)   Boa constrictor South American Red-tailed Boa Avila-Pires 2005 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 O'Shea 1990 Genus Corallus (Tree Boas)   Corallus caninus Northern Emerald Tree Boa Avila-Pires 2005 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Henderson, Passos & Feitosa 2009   Corallus hortulana Amazon Tree Boa Avila-Pires 2005 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Henderson 1997 O'Shea 1990 [as enydris] Santos Azevedo, Oliveira & Costa 2021 Genus Epicrates (Rainbow Boas)   Epicrates cenchria Common Rainbow Boa Andrade-Junior, Soares Franca, Sudre & Passos 2020 Avila-Pires 2005 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Cunha & Nascimento 1980 O'Shea 1990 Passos & Fernandes 2008 Santos Azevedo, Oliveira & Costa 2021   Epicrates maurus Northern Rainbow Boa Andrade-Junior, Soares Franca, Sudre & Passos 2020 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 O'Shea 1990 Passos & Fernandes 2008 Genus Eunectes (Anacondas)   Eunectes murinus Green Anaconda Avila-Pires 2005 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Dirksen 2002 Murphy & Henderson 1997 O'Shea 1990  Family Colubridae (Typical Snakes or Colubrids) Genus Apostolepis (Black-tailed Blackheads)   Apostolepis quinquelineata Five-lined Blackhead Avila-Pires 2005 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Lema 2001 Nogueira, Barbo & Ferrarezzi 2012 Genus Atractus (Spindle Snakes)   Atractus insipidus Uraricapara River Spindle Snake Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Passos, Kok, Albuquerque & Rivas 2013 Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 [Roraima-Venezuela border]   Atractus latifrons Wedge-tailed Spindle Snake Almeida, Feitosa, Passos & Prudente 2014 Santos Azevedo, Oliveira & Costa 2021   Atractus major Brown Spindle Snake Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021   Atractus riveroi Tepui Spindle Snake Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Fraga, Almeida, Moraes, Gordo, Pirani, Zamora, Carvalho, Passos & Werneck 2017 Moraes, Almeida, Fraga, Rojas, Pirani, Silva, Carvalho, Gordo & Werneck 2017   * Atractus surucucu Surucucu Spindle Snake Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Passos, Kok, Albuquerque & Rivas 2013 Prudente & Passos 2008 Prudente & Passos 2010   Atractus torquatus Rusty Spindle Snake Avila-Pires 2005 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Passos & Fernandes 2008 Passos & Prudente 2012 Santos Azevedo, Oliveira & Costa 2021   Atractus trilineatus Venezuelan Three-lined Spindle Snake Avila-Pires 2005 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Cunha & Nascimento 1980 Martins & Oliveira 1993 Murphy, Salvi, Braswell & Jowers 2020 O'Shea 1990 Passos & Fernandes 2008 Passos, Chiesse, Torres-Carvajal & Savage 2009 Silva, Silva, Ribeiro, Souza & Souza 2005 Zaher, Souza, Gower, Hingst-Zaher & Silva 2005 Genus Chironius (Sipos)   Chironius carinatus Yellow-lipped Sipo Araujo, Franca, Nascimento, Orsi Laranjeiras & Rodrigues Franca 2019 Avila-Pires 2005 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Cunha & Nascimento 1980 O'Shea 1990 Santos Azevedo, Oliveira & Costa 2021   Chironius exoletus Green Sipo Avila-Pires 2005 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 O'Shea 1990   Chironius fuscus Brown Sipo Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Dixon, Wiest & Cei 1993 Moraes, Almeida, Fraga, Rojas, Pirani, Silva, Carvalho, Gordo & Werneck 2017   Chironius multiventris Peruvian Sipo Avila-Pires 2005 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021   Chironius septentrionalis Northern Sipo Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Moraes, Almeida, Fraga, Rojas, Pirani, Silva, Carvalho, Gordo & Werneck 2017 Genus Chlorosoma (Green Bush Racers)   Chlorosoma viridissimum Emerald Bush Racer Avila-Pires 2005 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Entiauspe-Neto, Abegg, Rocha & Loebmann 2018 O'Shea 1990 Genus Clelia (Northern Snake Eaters)   Clelia clelia Common Snake Eater Avila-Pires 2005 Genus Dipsas (Neotropical Snail Eaters)   Dipsas catesbyi Ornate Snail Eater Avila-Pires 2005 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Lima & Prudente 2009 Moraes, Almeida, Fraga, Rojas, Pirani, Silva, Carvalho, Gordo & Werneck 2017 O'Shea 1990 Sanchez-Martinez, Franca & Trevine 2022 Santos Azevedo, Oliveira & Costa 2021   Dipsas copei Guianan Snail Eater Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Fernandes, Marques & Argolo 2010 [as D. incerta] Passos, Fernandes & Caramaschi 2004 [as D. incerta]   Dipsas indica Big-headed Snail Eater Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Moraes, Almeida, Fraga, Rojas, Pirani, Silva, Carvalho, Gordo & Werneck 2017   Dipsas pavonina Northern Snail Eater Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Lima & Prudente 2009 Moraes, Almeida, Fraga, Rojas, Pirani, Silva, Carvalho, Gordo & Werneck 2017 Genus Drepanoides (Amazon Egg Eater)   Drepanoides anomalus Amazon Egg Eater Guedes, Queiroz, Sousa & Hamdan 2020 Santos Azevedo, Oliveira & Costa 2021 Genus Drymarchon (Indigo Snakes and Cribos)   Drymarchon corais Yellow-tailed Cribo Avila-Pires 2005 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Cunha & Nascimento 1980 O'Shea 1990 Prudente, Menks, Silva & Maschio 2014 Santos Azevedo, Oliveira & Costa 2021 Genus Drymobius (Central American Racers)   Drymobius rhombifer Diamondback Racer Avila-Pires 2005 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Moraes, Almeida, Fraga, Rojas, Pirani, Silva, Carvalho, Gordo & Werneck 2017 O'Shea & Stimson 1993 [as "cf. rhombifer"] O'Shea 1990 [as "cf. rhombifer"] Genus Drymoluber (Glossy Racers)   Drymoluber dichrous Northern Glossy Racer Avila-Pires 2005 Caldeira-Costa, Ribeiro-Moura & Neves-Feio 2013 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 O'Shea 1990 Genus Dryophylax (Northern Mock Vipers)   Dryophylax ramonriveroi Turimiquire Mock Viper Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Franco & Ferreira 2003 [as strigatus] O'Shea 1990 [as Thamnodynastes sp.] Genus Erythrolamprus (Neotropical Smooth Snakes)   Erythrolamprus aenigma Savannah Smooth Snake Avila-Pires 2005 [as E. poecilogyrus] Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Cunha & Nascimento 1980 [as E. poecilogyrus lancini] Entiauspe-Neto, Abegg, Koch, Nunez, Azevedo, Moraes, Tiutenko, Bialves & Loebmann 2021 O'Shea 1990 [as E. poecilogyrus lancini]   Erythrolamprus aesculapii Southern Mock Coral Snake Avila-Pires 2005 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Cunha & Nascimento 1980 Curcio, Sanchez-Pacheco, Mueses-Cisneros & Rodrigues 2009 Curcio, Scali & Rodrigues 2015 O'Shea 1990 Santos Azevedo, Oliveira & Costa 2021   Erythrolamprus breviceps Short-headed Smooth Snake Avila-Pires 2005 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021   Erythrolamprus reginae Northern Royal Smooth Snake Ascenso, Costa & Prudente 2019 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021   Erythrolamprus trebbaui Bolivar Smooth Snake Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021   Erythrolamprus typhlus Velvety Smooth Snake Avila-Pires 2005 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Santos Azevedo, Oliveira & Costa 2021 Genus Helicops (South American Keelbacks)   Helicops angulatus Brown-banded Keelback Avila-Pires 2005 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 O'Shea 1990 Roberto, Ribeiro, Sousa-Delfino & Oliveira-Almeida 2009 Santos Azevedo, Oliveira & Costa 2021 Genus Hydrodynastes (False Water Cobras)   Hydrodynastes gigas Giant False Water Cobra Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Genus Hydrops (South American Mud Snakes)   Hydrops martii Coral Mud Snake Avila-Pires 2005 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Entiauspe-Neto, Abegg, Pinheiro, Borges & Loebmann 2017 Santos Azevedo, Oliveira & Costa 2021   Hydrops triangularis Red-sided Mud Snake Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Santos Azevedo, Oliveira & Costa 2021 Genus Imantodes (American Blunt-headed Tree Snakes)   Imantodes cenchoa Common Blunt-headed Tree Snake Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Moraes, Almeida, Fraga, Rojas, Pirani, Silva, Carvalho, Gordo & Werneck 2017 Genus Leptodeira (Typical Cat-eyed Snakes)   Leptodeira ashmeadi Venezuelan Cat-eyed Snake Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Genus Leptophis (Neotropical Parrot Snakes)   Leptophis ahaetulla Common Green Parrot Snake Albuquerque & Fernandes 2022 Albuquerque, Santos, Borges-Nojosa & Avila 2022 Avila-Pires 2005 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Cunha & Nascimento 1980 O'Shea 1990 Genus Lygophis (South American Striped Ground Snakes)   Lygophis lineatus Western Striped Ground Snake Avila-Pires 2005 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Cunha & Nascimento 1980 Michaud & Dixon 1987 O'Shea 1990 Genus Mastigodryas (Neotropical Lizard Eaters)   Mastigodryas boddaerti Brown Lizard Eater Avila-Pires 2005 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Montingelli 2009 Montingelli, Grazziotin, Battilana, Murphy, Zhang & Zaher 2019 Montingelli, Valencia, Benavides & Zaher 2011 O'Shea 1990 Siqueira, Nascimento, Montingelli & Santos-Costa 2013   Mastigodryas moratoi Amazon Lizard Eater Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Montingelli & Zaher 2011 Montingelli, Grazziotin, Battilana, Murphy, Zhang & Zaher 2019 Genus Oxybelis (Neotropical Vine Snakes)   Oxybelis aeneus Brown Vine Snake Avila-Pires 2005 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Cunha & Nascimento 1980 O'Shea 1990   Oxybelis fulgidus Green Vine Snake Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Santos Azevedo, Oliveira & Costa 2021 Genus Oxyrhopus (Calico Snakes)   Oxyrhopus petolarius Banded Calico Snake Avila-Pires 2005 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 O'Shea 1990   Oxyrhopus vanidicus Leticia Calico Snake Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Genus Palusophis (Eastern Lizard Eater)   Palusophis bifossatus Eastern Lizard Eater Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Montingelli 2009 Montingelli, Grazziotin, Battilana, Murphy, Zhang & Zaher 2019 Genus Philodryas (South American Bush Racers)   Philodryas olfersii Common Green Bush Racer Avila-Pires 2005 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 O'Shea 1990 Genus Phimophis (South American Shovel-nosed Snakes)   Phimophis guianensis Northern Tropical Shovel-nosed Snake Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Santos Azevedo, Oliveira & Costa 2021 Genus Phrynonax (Neotropical Bird Snakes)   Phrynonax sexcarinatus Southern Bird Snake Santos Azevedo, Oliveira & Costa 2021 [as polylepis] Genus Pseudablabes (Reticulated Bush Racers)   Pseudablabes patagoniensis Patagonian Bush Racer Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Gouveia, Novelli, Vieira & Sousa 2017 Genus Pseudoboa (Neotropical Scarlet Snakes)   Pseudoboa coronata Black-headed Scarlet Snake Avila-Pires 2005 Caldeira Costa, Cotta & MacCulloch 2015 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Santos Azevedo, Oliveira & Costa 2021 Zaher, Oliveira & Franco 2008   Pseudoboa martinsi Pale-collared Scarlet Snake Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Frazao, Campos, Oliveira, Carvalho & Hrbek 2017 Zaher, Oliveira & Franco 2008   Pseudoboa neuwiedii Northern Scarlet Snake Avila-Pires 2005 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Cunha & Nascimento 1980 O'Shea 1990 Zaher, Oliveira & Franco 2008 Genus Pseudoeryx (Dusky Mud Snakes)   Pseudoeryx plicatilis Dusky Mud Snake Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Santos Azevedo, Oliveira & Costa 2021 Scartozzoni, Trevine & Germano 2010 Genus Rhinobothryum (Ringed Snakes)   Rhinobothryum lentiginosum Amazon Ringed Snake Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Genus Siphlophis (Liana Snakes)   Siphlophis cervinus Common Liana Snake Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021   Siphlophis compressus Red-headed Liana Snake Abegg, Santos, Ortiz, Moraes & Freitas 2017 Avila-Pires 2005 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Santos Azevedo, Oliveira & Costa 2021 Genus Spilotes (Chicken Snakes)   Spilotes pullatus Chicken Snake Avila-Pires 2005 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 O'Shea 1990 Santos Azevedo, Oliveira & Costa 2021 Genus Tantilla (American Centipede Snakes)   Tantilla melanocephala South American Black-headed Centipede Snake Avila-Pires 2005 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 O'Shea 1990 Sawaya & Sazima 2003 Genus Xenodon (Northern Mock Lanceheads and South American Hognose Snakes)   Xenodon rabdocephalus Common Mock Lancehead Andrade-Lima, Freitas, Dubeux, Sales Nunes, Roberto & Carvalho Kokubum 2020 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Moraes, Almeida, Fraga, Rojas, Pirani, Silva, Carvalho, Gordo & Werneck 2017   Xenodon severus Giant Mock Lancehead Avila-Pires 2005 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Genus Xenoxybelis (South American Vine Snakes)   Xenoxybelis argenteus Green-striped Vine Snake Avila-Pires 2005 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Prudente, Silva, Rocha & Franco 2008  Family Elapidae [part 1: terrestrial species] (Cobras, Mambas, etc.) Genus Micrurus (American Coral Snakes)   Micrurus averyi Black-headed Coral Snake Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Feitosa, Silva, Pires, Zaher & Prudente 2015 Santos Azevedo, Oliveira & Costa 2021   Micrurus diutius Trinidad Ribbon Coral Snake Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Cunha & Nascimento 1980 David, Dobiey & Vogel 2018 O'Shea 1990   Micrurus hemprichii Worm-eating Coral Snake Avila-Pires 2005 Bernarde, Turci, Abegg & Franco 2018 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 O'Shea 1990   Micrurus isozonus Venezuelan Coral Snake Avila-Pires 2005 Campbell & Lamar 2004 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Feitosa, Pires, Prudente & Silva 2013 Roze 1996   Micrurus lemniscatus Northern Ribbon Coral Snake Avila-Pires 2005   * Micrurus pacaraimae Pacaraima Coral Snake Avila-Pires 2005 Carvalho 2002 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Feitosa, Silva, Pires, Zaher & Prudente 2015   Micrurus remotus Neblina Coral Snake Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Moraes, Almeida, Fraga, Rojas, Pirani, Silva, Carvalho, Gordo & Werneck 2017   Micrurus surinamensis Amazonian Aquatic Coral Snake Campbell & Lamar 2004 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Hoge & Romano Hoge 1981 Roze 1996 Santos Azevedo, Oliveira & Costa 2021  Family Leptotyphlopidae (Thread Snakes) Genus Epictia (Neotropical Thread Snakes)   Epictia tenella Guyana Thread Snake Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 [as E. albifrons] Wallach 2016 Genus Siagonodon (Mandible-toothed Thread Snakes)   Siagonodon septemstriatus Eastern Seven-lined Thread Snake Adalsteinsson, Branch, Trape, Vitt & Hedges 2009 Avila-Pires 2005 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Francisco, Pinto & Fernandes 2018 O'Shea 1990 Pinto & Curcio 2011 Genus Trilepida (Three-scaled Thread Snakes)   Trilepida dimidiata Dainty Thread Snake Avila-Pires 2005 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Cunha & Nascimento 1980 Jan 1861 Martins, Koch, Pinto, Folly, Fouquet & Passos 2019 O'Shea 1990 Pinto & Fernandes 2012   Trilepida macrolepis Large-scaled Thread Snake Avila-Pires 2005 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 O'Shea 1990  Family Typhlopidae (Typical Blind Snakes) Genus Amerotyphlops (American Blind Snakes)   Amerotyphlops brongersmianus Bahia Blind Snake Santos Azevedo, Oliveira & Costa 2021   Amerotyphlops minuisquamus Amazon Basin Blind Snake Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Santos Azevedo, Oliveira & Costa 2021   Amerotyphlops reticulatus Reticulated Blind Snake Avila-Pires 2005 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 O'Shea 1990 Santos Azevedo, Oliveira & Costa 2021  Family Viperidae (Vipers) Genus Bothrops (American Lanceheads)   Bothrops atrox Common Lancehead Avila-Pires 2005 Carrasco, Grazziotin, Farfan, Koch, Ochoa, Scrocchi, Leynaud & Chaparro 2019 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 David, Dobiey & Vogel 2018 Hoge & Romano Hoge 1981 Moraes, Almeida, Fraga, Rojas, Pirani, Silva, Carvalho, Gordo & Werneck 2017 O'Shea 1990 Santos Azevedo, Oliveira & Costa 2021   Bothrops bilineatus Two-striped Forest Pitviper Bernarde, Costa, Machado & Avelar Sao Pedro 2011 Carrasco, Grazziotin, Farfan, Koch, Ochoa, Scrocchi, Leynaud & Chaparro 2019 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Hoge & Romano Hoge 1981 Moraes, Almeida, Fraga, Rojas, Pirani, Silva, Carvalho, Gordo & Werneck 2017 Vechio, Prates, Grazziotin, Graboski & Rodrigues 2021   Bothrops taeniatus Speckled Forest Pitviper Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Hoge & Romano Hoge 1981 [as B. c. castelnaudi] Souza, Venancio, Freitas, Souza & Verissimo 2013 Genus Crotalus (Typical Rattlesnakes)   Crotalus durissus South American Rattlesnake Avila-Pires 2005 Campbell & Lamar 2004 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Cunha & Nascimento 1980 David, Dobiey & Vogel 2018 Hoge & Romano Hoge 1981 O'Shea 1990 Genus Lachesis (Bushmasters)   Lachesis muta South American Bushmaster Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Fernandes, Franco & Fernandes 2004 Hoge & Romano Hoge 1981 Moraes, Almeida, Fraga, Rojas, Pirani, Silva, Carvalho, Gordo & Werneck 2017

	Turtles (Testudines)
	= endemicEX = extinct or assumed extinct Species References  Family Chelidae (Austro-American Side-necked Turtles) Genus Chelus (Matamatas)   Chelus orinocensis Orinoco Matamata Avila-Pires 2005 [as fimbriata] Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Nascimento, Carvalho & Farias 2012 [as fimbriata] O'Shea 1990 [as fimbriata] Rhodin, Iverson, Bour, Fritz, Georges, Shaffer & Dijk 2021 Vargas-Ramirez, Caballero, Morales-Betancourt, Lasso, Amaya, Martinez, Silva Viana, Vogt, Pires Farias, Hrbek, Campbell & Fritz 2020 Genus Mesoclemmys (Hump-backed Toad-headed Turtles)   Mesoclemmys gibba Gibba Toad-headed Turtle Avila-Pires 2005 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Lima Silveira 2011 Moraes, Almeida, Fraga, Rojas, Pirani, Silva, Carvalho, Gordo & Werneck 2017 Nascimento, Carvalho & Farias 2012 Rhodin, Iverson, Bour, Fritz, Georges, Shaffer & Dijk 2021 Souza 2004   Mesoclemmys raniceps Amazon Toad-headed Turtle Avila-Pires 2005 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Molina, Machado & Zaher 2012 [as heliostemma] Rhodin, Iverson, Bour, Fritz, Georges, Shaffer & Dijk 2021 Genus Phrynops (Lesser Toad-headed Turtles)   Phrynops tuberosus Spotted Toad-headed Turtle Avila-Pires 2005 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Rhodin, Iverson, Bour, Fritz, Georges, Shaffer & Dijk 2021 Genus Platemys (Twist-necked Turtle)   Platemys platycephala Twist-necked Turtle Avila-Pires 2005 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Moraes, Almeida, Fraga, Rojas, Pirani, Silva, Carvalho, Gordo & Werneck 2017 Nascimento, Carvalho & Farias 2012 O'Shea 1990 Rhodin, Iverson, Bour, Fritz, Georges, Shaffer & Dijk 2021 Santos Azevedo, Oliveira & Costa 2021  Family Geoemydidae (Eastern Pond Turtles) Genus Rhinoclemmys (Neotropical Wood Turtles)   Rhinoclemmys punctularia Eastern Spotted-legged Turtle Avila-Pires 2005 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Nascimento, Carvalho & Farias 2012 O'Shea 1990 Rhodin, Iverson, Bour, Fritz, Georges, Shaffer & Dijk 2021  Family Kinosternidae (American Mud and Musk Turtles) Genus Kinosternon (American Mud Turtles)   Kinosternon scorpioides Scorpion Mud Turtle Avila-Pires 2005 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Magnusson, Lima & Araujo 1998 Nascimento, Carvalho & Farias 2012  Family Podocnemididae (Giant Side-necked Turtles) Genus Peltocephalus (Big-headed Amazon River Turtle)   Peltocephalus dumerilianus Big-headed Amazon River Turtle Avila-Pires 2005 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Nascimento, Carvalho & Farias 2012 Rhodin, Iverson, Bour, Fritz, Georges, Shaffer & Dijk 2021 Genus Podocnemis (South American Side-necked River Turtles)   Podocnemis erythrocephala Red-headed Amazon River Turtle Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Mittermeier, Vogt, Bernhard & Ferrara 2015 Nascimento, Carvalho & Farias 2012 Rhodin, Iverson, Bour, Fritz, Georges, Shaffer & Dijk 2021   Podocnemis expansa Giant South American River Turtle Avila-Pires 2005 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Nascimento 2002 Nascimento, Carvalho & Farias 2012 Rhodin, Iverson, Bour, Fritz, Georges, Shaffer & Dijk 2021   Podocnemis sextuberculata Six-tubercled Amazon River Turtle Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Nascimento 2002 Nascimento, Carvalho & Farias 2012 Rhodin, Iverson, Bour, Fritz, Georges, Shaffer & Dijk 2021 Santos Azevedo, Oliveira & Costa 2021   Podocnemis unifilis Yellow-spotted Amazon River Turtle Avila-Pires 2005 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Nascimento 2002 Nascimento, Carvalho & Farias 2012 O'Shea 1990 Rhodin, Iverson, Bour, Fritz, Georges, Shaffer & Dijk 2021  Family Testudinidae (Tortoises) Genus Chelonoidis (South American Tortoises)   Chelonoidis carbonarius South American Red-footed Tortoise Avila-Pires 2005 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Nascimento, Carvalho & Farias 2012 O'Shea 1990 Rhodin, Iverson, Bour, Fritz, Georges, Shaffer & Dijk 2021 Santos Azevedo, Oliveira & Costa 2021 Strong & Fragoso 2006 Strong & Walde 2006   Chelonoidis denticulatus South American Yellow-footed Tortoise Avila-Pires 2005 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Moraes, Almeida, Fraga, Rojas, Pirani, Silva, Carvalho, Gordo & Werneck 2017 Nascimento, Carvalho & Farias 2012 O'Shea 1990 Rhodin, Iverson, Bour, Fritz, Georges, Shaffer & Dijk 2021 Strong & Fragoso 2006