Reptiles of Para [Brazil] Related checklists:  Brazil - Marajo Island Bibliography of the reptiles of Para Taxonomic history of the reptiles of Para Introduced species

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Citation: Midtgaard, Rune. RepFocus - A Survey of the Reptiles of the World. www.repfocus.dk (Compilation date: 14th April, 2023).

Checklist General remarks: The list includes only formally described species. Newly discovered, but still unnamed species are excluded. However, unnamed species or species unassigned to species level are included, if they are the only representatives of their genus in the region. Species counts exclude extinct and introduced species. Doubtful records, typically older voucher specimens of uncertain origin, have been excluded if considered questionable, as are records based on sources considered unreliable or controversial. Note: Your comments to the checklist (omissions, errors, etc.) are welcomed, preferably if they are provided with reliable references. If possible, please attach a pdf file of the relevant reference to an email addressed to:

	Worm Lizards (Amphisbaenia)
	= endemicEX = extinct or assumed extinct Species References  Family Amphisbaenidae (Typical Worm Lizards) Genus Amphisbaena (Neotropical Worm Lizards)   Amphisbaena alba Common Red Worm Lizard Avila-Pires 2005 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Cunha, Nascimento & Avila-Pires 1985 Gans 1962 Maschio, Prudente & Mott 2009 Mott 2006 Nascimento, Avila-Pires, Santos & Lima 1991   Amphisbaena fuliginosa Spotted Worm Lizard Avila-Pires, Hoogmoed & Rocha 2010 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Cunha, Nascimento & Avila-Pires 1985 Maschio, Prudente & Mott 2009 Menezes Chalkidis 2000 Roberto, Muniz Silva, Pinto & Avila 2021 Silva, Menks, Prudente, Costa, Travassos & Galatti 2011 Vanzolini 1951 [as fuliginosa] Vanzolini 2002   * Amphisbaena hoogmoedi Jacareacanga Worm Lizard Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Oliveira, Vaz-Silva, Santos-Junior, Graboski, Teixeira, Vechio & Ribeiro 2018   Amphisbaena miringoera Rio Tapirapes Worm Lizard Almeida, Vechio, Teixeira Junior, Rodrigues & Mott 2016 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Mott, Neto & Filho 2011 Ribeiro, Sa, Santos-Jr., Graboski, Zaher, Guedes, Andrade & Vaz-Silva 2019   Amphisbaena mitchelli Marajo Worm Lizard Almeida, Vechio, Teixeira Junior, Rodrigues & Mott 2016 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Cunha, Nascimento & Avila-Pires 1985 Gans 1967 Gans 2005 Hoogmoed & Avila-Pires 1991 Nascimento, Avila-Pires, Santos & Lima 1991 Peters & Donoso-Barros 1970 Ribeiro, Sa, Santos-Jr., Graboski, Zaher, Guedes, Andrade & Vaz-Silva 2019 Ribeiro, Santos, Chagas & Chalkidis 2014 Silva, Menks, Prudente, Costa, Travassos & Galatti 2011 Teixeira, Vechio, Neto & Rodrigues 2014   Amphisbaena slevini Manaus Worm Lizard Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021   * Amphisbaena tragorrhectes Oriximina Worm Lizard Avila-Pires 2005 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Gans 2005 Vanzolini 1971   Amphisbaena vanzolinii Marudi Worm Lizard Avila-Pires, Hoogmoed & Rocha 2010 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Gomes & Maciel 2012   Amphisbaena vermicularis Vermiculate Worm Lizard Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Gans & Amdur 1966 Vanzolini, Ramos-Costa & Vitt 1980 Genus Aulura (Auro Worm Lizard)   Aulura anomala Auro Worm Lizard Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Cunha 1961 Gans 1967 Gans 1971 Gans 2005 Gomes & Maciel 2012 Mott & Vieites 2009 Peters & Donoso-Barros 1970 Ribeiro, Sa, Santos-Jr., Graboski, Zaher, Guedes, Andrade & Vaz-Silva 2019 Genus Bronia (Brazilian Worm Lizards)   Bronia brasiliana Lower Amazon Worm Lizard Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Cunha, Nascimento & Avila-Pires 1985 Dorado-Rodrigues, Strussmann, Souza-e-Lima, Valadao & Mott 2013 Gans 1967 Gans 1971 Gans 2005 Gomes & Maciel 2012 Peters & Donoso-Barros 1970 Genus Leposternon (South American Worm Lizards)   Leposternon infraorbitale Central Brazilian Worm Lizard Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021   Leposternon microcephalum Small-headed Worm Lizard Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Gans 1971   Leposternon polystegum East Brazilian Worm Lizard Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Gans 1971 Peters & Donoso-Barros 1970 Tavares & Ribeiro 2014 Genus Mesobaena (Amazonian Dwarf Worm Lizards)   * Mesobaena rhachicephala Ridge-headed Worm Lizard Avila-Pires, Hoogmoed & Rocha 2010 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Hoogmoed, Pinto, Rocha & Pereira 2009

	Crocodilians (Crocodylia)
	= endemicEX = extinct or assumed extinct Species References  Family Alligatoridae (Alligators and Caimans) Genus Caiman (Typical Caimans)   Caiman crocodilus Common Caiman Avila-Pires 2005 Avila-Pires, Hoogmoed & Rocha 2010 Busack & Pandya 2001 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Nascimento, Avila-Pires, Santos & Lima 1991 Genus Melanosuchus (Black Caiman)   Melanosuchus niger Black Caiman Avila-Pires 2005 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Nascimento, Avila-Pires, Santos & Lima 1991 Plotkin, Medem, Mittermeier & Constable 1983 Vasquez 1991 Genus Paleosuchus (Dwarf Caimans)   Paleosuchus palpebrosus Cayenne Dwarf Caiman Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Nascimento, Avila-Pires, Santos & Lima 1991   Paleosuchus trigonatus Northwestern Dwarf Caiman Avila-Pires, Hoogmoed & Rocha 2010 Bernardo, Guerra-Fuentes, Matiazzi & Zaher 2012 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Mendes-Pinto & Souza 2011 Nascimento, Avila-Pires, Santos & Lima 1991

	Lizards (Sauria)
	= endemicEX = extinct or assumed extinct Species References  Family Alopoglossidae (Fold-tongued Spectacled Tejus) Genus Alopoglossus (Western Shade Tejus)   Alopoglossus angulatus Surinam Shade Teju Avila-Pires 1995 Avila-Pires 2005 Avila-Pires, Hoogmoed & Rocha 2010 Avila-Pires, Vitt, Sartorius & Zani 2009 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Costa-Prudente, Magalhaes, Menks & Melo-Sarmento 2013 Cunha 1961 Hoogmoed 1973 Koehler, Diethert & Vesely 2012 Mendes-Pinto & Souza 2011 Pinto 2000 Ribeiro-Junior & Amaral 2016 Ribeiro-Junior & Amaral 2017 Ribeiro-Junior 2018 Ribeiro-Junior, Choueri, Lobos, Venegas, Torres-Carvajal & Werneck 2020 Ribeiro-Junior, Meiri & Fouquet 2021 Silva, Menks, Prudente, Costa, Travassos & Galatti 2011 Vanzolini 1974   Alopoglossus brevifrontalis Rio Pastaza Shade Teju Avila-Pires, Hoogmoed & Rocha 2010 Avila-Pires, Vitt, Sartorius & Zani 2009 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Costa-Prudente, Magalhaes, Menks & Melo-Sarmento 2013 Mendes-Pinto & Souza 2011 Ribeiro-Junior & Amaral 2016 Ribeiro-Junior & Amaral 2017 Ribeiro-Junior, Rossi, Miranda & Avila-Pires 2011   Alopoglossus meloi Para Shade Teju Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Ribeiro-Junior 2018 Ribeiro-Junior, Meiri & Fouquet 2021   * Alopoglossus tapajosensis Itaituba Shade Teju Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Ribeiro-Junior, Sanchez-Martinez, Lima Moraes, Oliveira, Carvalho, Pavan, Lacerda Choueri, Werneck & Meiri 2021  Family Anolidae (Anoles) Genus Dactyloa (Fringe-toed Anoles)   Dactyloa phyllorhina Leaf-nosed Anole Avila-Pires 1995 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Ribeiro-Junior & Amaral 2016 Ribeiro-Junior 2015   Dactyloa punctata Blue-spotted Green Anole Avila-Pires 1995 Avila-Pires 2005 Avila-Pires, Hoogmoed & Rocha 2010 Avila-Pires, Vitt, Sartorius & Zani 2009 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Costa-Prudente, Magalhaes, Menks & Melo-Sarmento 2013 Cunha, Nascimento & Avila-Pires 1985 Mendes-Pinto & Souza 2011 Ribeiro-Junior & Amaral 2016 Ribeiro-Junior 2015 Ribeiro-Junior, Rossi, Miranda & Avila-Pires 2011 Rodrigues, Xavier, Skuk & Pavan 2002 Silva, Menks, Prudente, Costa, Travassos & Galatti 2011 Vanzolini 1972 Vanzolini 1974 Genus Norops (Brilliant Anoles)   Norops auratus Surinam Grass Anole Avila-Pires 1995 Avila-Pires 2005 Avila-Pires, Hoogmoed & Rocha 2010 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Magnusson 1993 Mendes-Pinto & Souza 2011 Pinto 2000 Ribeiro-Junior & Amaral 2016 Ribeiro-Junior 2015 Vanzolini 1972   Norops brasiliensis Brazilian Golden-scaled Anole Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Cunha, Nascimento & Avila-Pires 1985 D'Angiolella, Gamble, Avila-Pires, Colli, Noonan & Vitt 2011 Ribeiro-Junior & Amaral 2016 Ribeiro-Junior 2015   Norops chrysolepis Greater Golden-scaled Anole Avila-Pires, Hoogmoed & Rocha 2010 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 D'Angiolella, Gamble, Avila-Pires, Colli, Noonan & Vitt 2011 Peters & Donoso-Barros 1970 Ribeiro-Junior & Amaral 2016 Ribeiro-Junior 2015   Norops fuscoauratus Lichen-coloured Anole Avila-Pires 1995 Avila-Pires 2005 Avila-Pires, Hoogmoed & Rocha 2010 Avila-Pires, Vitt, Sartorius & Zani 2009 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Costa-Prudente, Magalhaes, Menks & Melo-Sarmento 2013 Cunha 1961 Cunha, Nascimento & Avila-Pires 1985 Hoogmoed 1973 Mendes-Pinto & Souza 2011 Ribeiro-Junior & Amaral 2016 Ribeiro-Junior 2015 Ribeiro-Junior, Rossi, Miranda & Avila-Pires 2011 Silva, Menks, Prudente, Costa, Travassos & Galatti 2011 Sousa & Freire 2010 Vanzolini 1972 Vanzolini 1974   Norops ortonii Amazon Bark Anole Avila-Pires 1995 Avila-Pires 2005 Avila-Pires, Hoogmoed & Rocha 2010 Avila-Pires, Vitt, Sartorius & Zani 2009 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Costa-Prudente, Magalhaes, Menks & Melo-Sarmento 2013 Cunha, Nascimento & Avila-Pires 1985 d'Assuncao, Filho, Santos Araujo & Moura 2012 Nascimento, Avila-Pires, Santos & Lima 1991 Nicholson & Koehler 2014 Ribeiro-Junior & Amaral 2016 Ribeiro-Junior 2015 Ribeiro-Junior, Rossi, Miranda & Avila-Pires 2011 Silva, Menks, Prudente, Costa, Travassos & Galatti 2011 Vanzolini 1972 Vanzolini 1974   Norops tandai Brazilian Blue-throated Anole Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Costa-Prudente, Magalhaes, Menks & Melo-Sarmento 2013 D'Angiolella, Gamble, Avila-Pires, Colli, Noonan & Vitt 2011 Ribeiro-Junior & Amaral 2016 Ribeiro-Junior 2015 Santos, Frota & Ribeiro 2007   Norops trachydermus Rough-skinned Anole Avila-Pires 1995 Avila-Pires, Vitt, Sartorius & Zani 2009 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Mendes-Pinto & Souza 2011 Ribeiro-Junior & Amaral 2016 Ribeiro-Junior 2015 Vanzolini 1972  Family Gymnophthalmidae (Scaly-tongued Spectacled Tejus) Genus Amapasaurus (Amapa Four-toed Spectacled Teju)   Amapasaurus tetradactylus Amapa Four-toed Spectacled Teju Avila-Pires, Hoogmoed & Rocha 2010 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Jairam & Jairam-Doerga 2015 Ribeiro-Junior & Amaral 2016 Ribeiro-Junior & Amaral 2017 Genus Arthrosaura (Creek Tejus)   Arthrosaura kockii Eastern Creek Teju Avila-Pires 1995 Avila-Pires 2005 Avila-Pires, Hoogmoed & Rocha 2010 Avila-Pires, Vitt, Sartorius & Zani 2009 Bernardo, Guerra-Fuentes, Matiazzi & Zaher 2012 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Cunha 1961 Hoogmoed & Avila-Pires 1992 Hoogmoed 1973 Peters & Donoso-Barros 1970 Ribeiro-Junior & Amaral 2016 Ribeiro-Junior & Amaral 2017 Vanzolini 1974   Arthrosaura reticulata Western Creek Teju Avila-Pires 1995 Avila-Pires 2005 Avila-Pires, Hoogmoed & Rocha 2010 Avila-Pires, Vitt, Sartorius & Zani 2009 Bernardo, Guerra-Fuentes, Matiazzi & Zaher 2012 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Costa-Prudente, Magalhaes, Menks & Melo-Sarmento 2013 Hoogmoed & Avila-Pires 1992 Mendes-Pinto & Souza 2011 Oliveira, Ruz & Barros 2013 Pinto 2000 Ribeiro-Junior & Amaral 2016 Ribeiro-Junior & Amaral 2017 Ribeiro-Junior, Rossi, Miranda & Avila-Pires 2011   Arthrosaura versteegii Cottica Mountains Creek Teju Avila-Pires, Hoogmoed & Silva 2018 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Genus Bachia (Earless Tejus)   Bachia flavescens Guiana Earless Teju Avila-Pires 1995 Avila-Pires 2005 Avila-Pires, Hoogmoed & Rocha 2010 Avila-Pires, Vitt, Sartorius & Zani 2009 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Costa-Prudente, Magalhaes, Menks & Melo-Sarmento 2013 Hoogmoed 1973 Marques-Souza, Prates, Fouquet, Camacho, Kok, Nunes, Vechio, Recoder, Mejia, Teixeira-Junior, Barrio-Amoros, Cassimiro, Lima, Sena & Rodrigues 2018 Mendes-Pinto & Souza 2011 Nascimento, Avila-Pires, Santos & Lima 1991 Ribeiro-Junior & Amaral 2016 Ribeiro-Junior & Amaral 2017 [as "B. flavescens complex"] Ribeiro-Junior, Rossi, Miranda & Avila-Pires 2011   Bachia panoplia Manaus Earless Teju Avila-Pires, Hoogmoed & Rocha 2010 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Ribeiro-Junior & Amaral 2016 Ribeiro-Junior & Amaral 2017   Bachia scolecoides Mato Grosso Earless Teju Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Ribeiro-Junior & Amaral 2016 Ribeiro-Junior & Amaral 2017 Genus Cercosaura (Eastern Shade Tejus)   Cercosaura anordosquama Juruti Shade Teju Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Sturaro, Rodrigues, Colli, Knowles & Avila-Pires 2018   Cercosaura argulus White-lipped Shade Teju Avila-Pires 1995 Avila-Pires, Hoogmoed & Rocha 2010 Avila-Pires, Vitt, Sartorius & Zani 2009 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Mendes-Pinto & Souza 2011 Nascimento, Avila Pires & Cunha 1988 Ribeiro-Junior & Amaral 2016 Ribeiro-Junior & Amaral 2017 Uzzell 1973 Vanzolini 1972   Cercosaura eigenmanni Sara Shade Teju Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Ribeiro-Junior & Amaral 2016 Ribeiro-Junior & Amaral 2017   Cercosaura ocellata Ocellated Shade Teju Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Sturaro, Rodrigues, Colli, Knowles & Avila-Pires 2018 Genus Colobosaura (Short-thumbed Spectacled Tejus)   Colobosaura modesta Morro da Garcza Spectacled Teju Avila-Pires 1995 Avila-Pires, Vitt, Sartorius & Zani 2009 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Freire, Jorge & Ribeiro 2012 Muniz, Vega, Chaves, Moura, Santos & Moura 2012 Nascimento, Avila Pires & Cunha 1988 Nascimento, Avila-Pires & Cunha 1987 Ribeiro-Junior & Amaral 2016 Ribeiro-Junior & Amaral 2017 Genus Gymnophthalmus (Snake-eyed Tejus)   Gymnophthalmus vanzoi Roraima Snake-eyed Teju Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Genus Iphisa (Glossy Shade Teju)   Iphisa elegans Glossy Shade Teju Andrade, Santos, Kawashita-Ribeiro & Vaz-Silva 2013 Avila-Pires 1995 Avila-Pires, Hoogmoed & Rocha 2010 Avila-Pires, Vitt, Sartorius & Zani 2009 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Costa-Prudente, Magalhaes, Menks & Melo-Sarmento 2013 Cunha 1961 Hoogmoed 1973 Mendes-Pinto & Souza 2011 Ribeiro-Junior & Amaral 2016 Ribeiro-Junior & Amaral 2017 Ribeiro-Junior, Rossi, Miranda & Avila-Pires 2011 Genus Loxopholis (Western Root Tejus)   Loxopholis guianensis Guyana Root Teju Avila-Pires 1995 Avila-Pires 2005 Avila-Pires, Hoogmoed & Rocha 2010 Brunes, Silva, Marques-Souza, Rodrigues & Pellegrino 2019 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Ribeiro-Junior & Amaral 2016 Ribeiro-Junior & Amaral 2017 Rodrigues 1997 Rodrigues, Dixo & Accacio 2002   Loxopholis osvaldoi Rondonian Root Teju Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Costa-Prudente, Magalhaes, Menks & Melo-Sarmento 2013 Mendes-Pinto & Souza 2011 Ribeiro-Junior & Amaral 2016 Ribeiro-Junior & Amaral 2017   Loxopholis percarinata Striped Root Teju Avila-Pires 1995 Avila-Pires 2005 Avila-Pires, Hoogmoed & Rocha 2010 Avila-Pires, Vitt, Sartorius & Zani 2009 Brunes, Silva, Marques-Souza, Rodrigues & Pellegrino 2019 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Costa-Prudente, Magalhaes, Menks & Melo-Sarmento 2013 Hoogmoed 1973 Marques Souza, Pellegrino, Sales Nunes, Teixeira Junior, Gordo, Carvalho, Almeida, Oliveira, Frazao, Hrbek, Pires Farias & Rodrigues 2015 Mendes-Pinto & Souza 2011 Peters & Donoso-Barros 1970 Ribeiro-Junior & Amaral 2016 Ribeiro-Junior & Amaral 2017 Ribeiro-Junior, Rossi, Miranda & Avila-Pires 2011 Rodrigues 1997 Rodrigues, Dixo & Accacio 2002 Silva, Menks, Prudente, Costa, Travassos & Galatti 2011 Genus Micrablepharus (Snake-eyed Glossy Tejus)   Micrablepharus atticolus Cerrado Snake-eyed Glossy Teju Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Ribeiro-Junior & Amaral 2016 Rodrigues 1996   Micrablepharus maximiliani Blue-tailed Snake-eyed Glossy Teju Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Moura, Dayrell & Avelar Sao Pedro 2010 Ribeiro-Junior & Amaral 2017 Genus Neusticurus (Guianan Water Tejus)   Neusticurus bicarinatus Two-keeled Water Teju Avila-Pires 1995 Avila-Pires 2005 Avila-Pires, Hoogmoed & Rocha 2010 Avila-Pires, Vitt, Sartorius & Zani 2009 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Cunha, Nascimento & Avila-Pires 1985 Marques-Souza, Prates, Fouquet, Camacho, Kok, Nunes, Vechio, Recoder, Mejia, Teixeira-Junior, Barrio-Amoros, Cassimiro, Lima, Sena & Rodrigues 2018 Oliveira, Ruz & Barros 2013 Peters & Donoso-Barros 1970 Ribeiro-Junior & Amaral 2016 Ribeiro-Junior & Amaral 2017 Uzzell 1966   Neusticurus surinamensis Surinam Water Teju Avila-Pires 1995 [as rudis] Avila-Pires 2005 [as rudis] Avila-Pires, Hoogmoed & Rocha 2010 [as rudis] Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Kok, Bittenbinder, Berg, Souza, Nunes, Laking, Teixeira Junior, Fouquet, Means, MacCulloch & Rodrigues 2018 Marques-Souza, Prates, Fouquet, Camacho, Kok, Nunes, Vechio, Recoder, Mejia, Teixeira-Junior, Barrio-Amoros, Cassimiro, Lima, Sena & Rodrigues 2018 Ribeiro-Junior & Amaral 2016 [as rudis] Ribeiro-Junior & Amaral 2017 [as rudis] Genus Potamites (Western Water Tejus)   Potamites ecpleopus Common Water Teju Avila-Pires 1995 Avila-Pires, Vitt, Sartorius & Zani 2009 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Cunha, Nascimento & Avila-Pires 1985 Mendes-Pinto & Souza 2011 Ribeiro-Junior & Amaral 2016 Ribeiro-Junior & Amaral 2017 Silveira, Miranda & Azevedo-Ramos 1998 Vanzolini 1972 Genus Rondonops (Shield-naped Spectacled Tejus)   Rondonops biscutatus Speckled-lipped Shield-naped Teju Abegg, Entiauspe-Neto, Santos & Borges 2017 Colli, Hoogmoed, Cannatella, Cassimiro, Gomes, Ghellere, Nunes, Pellegrino, Salerno, Souza & Rodrigues 2015 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Ribeiro-Junior & Amaral 2016 Ribeiro-Junior & Amaral 2017   Rondonops xanthomystax Yellow-lipped Shield-naped Teju Colli, Hoogmoed, Cannatella, Cassimiro, Gomes, Ghellere, Nunes, Pellegrino, Salerno, Souza & Rodrigues 2015 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Ribeiro-Junior & Amaral 2017 Genus Tretioscincus (Skink Tejus)   Tretioscincus agilis Agile Skink Teju Avila-Pires 1995 Avila-Pires, Hoogmoed & Rocha 2010 Avila-Pires, Vitt, Sartorius & Zani 2009 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Hoogmoed 1973 Nascimento, Avila-Pires & Cunha 1987 Peters & Donoso-Barros 1970 Ribeiro-Junior & Amaral 2016 Ribeiro-Junior & Amaral 2017 Ribeiro-Junior, Rossi, Miranda & Avila-Pires 2011 Vanzolini 1972   Tretioscincus oriximinensis Oriximina Skink Teju Avila-Pires 1995 Avila-Pires 2005 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Ribeiro-Junior & Amaral 2016 Ribeiro-Junior & Amaral 2017  Family Hoplocercidae (Club-tailed Iguanas) Genus Hoplocercus (Eastern Club-tailed Iguana)   Hoplocercus spinosus Eastern Club-tailed Iguana Avila-Pires 1995 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Nascimento, Avila Pires & Cunha 1988 Peters & Donoso-Barros 1970 Ribeiro-Junior & Amaral 2016 Ribeiro-Junior 2015  Family Iguanidae (Greater Iguanas) Genus Iguana (Green Iguanas)   Iguana iguana South American Green Iguana Avila-Pires 1995 Avila-Pires 2005 Avila-Pires, Hoogmoed & Rocha 2010 Avila-Pires, Vitt, Sartorius & Zani 2009 Bernardo, Guerra-Fuentes, Matiazzi & Zaher 2012 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Costa-Prudente, Magalhaes, Menks & Melo-Sarmento 2013 Cunha 1961 Cunha, Nascimento & Avila-Pires 1985 Nascimento, Avila-Pires, Santos & Lima 1991 Ribeiro-Junior & Amaral 2016 Ribeiro-Junior 2015 Silva, Menks, Prudente, Costa, Travassos & Galatti 2011 Vanzolini 1972  Family Leiosauridae (Smooth Iguanas) Genus Enyalius (Fat-headed Anoles)   Enyalius leechii Hexagon Fat-headed Anole Avila-Pires 1995 Avila-Pires, Vitt, Sartorius & Zani 2009 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Cunha 1961 Etheridge 1969 Nascimento, Avila-Pires & Cunha 1987 Ribeiro-Junior & Amaral 2016 Ribeiro-Junior 2015 Rodrigues, Freitas, Silva & Bertolotto 2006  Family Phyllodactylidae (Leaf-toed Geckos) Genus Gymnodactylus (Naked-toed Geckos)   Gymnodactylus amarali Maranhao Naked-toed Gecko Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Ribeiro-Junior & Amaral 2016 Ribeiro-Junior 2015 Genus Phyllopezus (South American Robust Geckos)   Phyllopezus pollicaris Common Robust Gecko Condez, Tonini, Pereira-Ribeiro & Dubeux 2021 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Ribeiro-Junior & Amaral 2016 Ribeiro-Junior 2015 Genus Thecadactylus (Turnip-tailed Geckos)   Thecadactylus rapicauda Northern Turnip-tailed Gecko Avila-Pires 1995 Avila-Pires 2005 Avila-Pires, Hoogmoed & Rocha 2010 Avila-Pires, Vitt, Sartorius & Zani 2009 Bergmann & Russell 2007 Bernardo, Guerra-Fuentes, Matiazzi & Zaher 2012 Costa-Prudente, Magalhaes, Menks & Melo-Sarmento 2013 Cunha, Nascimento & Avila-Pires 1985 Hoogmoed 1973 Nascimento, Avila-Pires, Santos & Lima 1991 Oliveira, Ruz & Barros 2013 Ribeiro-Junior & Amaral 2016 Ribeiro-Junior 2015 Silva, Menks, Prudente, Costa, Travassos & Galatti 2011 Vanzolini 1968 Vanzolini 1972 Vanzolini 1974  Family Polychrotidae (Monkey Lizards) Genus Polychrus (Monkey Lizards)   Polychrus acutirostris Sharp-nosed Monkey Lizard Avila-Pires 1995 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Cunha 1961 Parker 1935 Ribeiro-Junior & Amaral 2016 Ribeiro-Junior 2015 Vanzolini, Ramos-Costa & Vitt 1980   Polychrus marmoratus Marbled Monkey Lizard Araujo-Neto, Tiburcio, Galdino, Goncalves & Silva 2012 Avila-Pires 1995 Avila-Pires 2005 Avila-Pires, Vitt, Sartorius & Zani 2009 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Costa-Prudente, Magalhaes, Menks & Melo-Sarmento 2013 Cunha 1961 Cunha, Nascimento & Avila-Pires 1985 Nascimento, Avila-Pires, Santos & Lima 1991 Ribeiro-Junior 2015 Silva, Menks, Prudente, Costa, Travassos & Galatti 2011 Torres-Carvajal, Koch, Venegas & Poe 2017 Vanzolini 1974  Family Scincidae (Skinks) Genus Copeoglossum (Neotropical Spotted Skinks)   Copeoglossum nigropunctatum Black-spotted Skink Avila-Pires 1995 Avila-Pires 2005 Avila-Pires, Hoogmoed & Rocha 2010 Avila-Pires, Vitt, Sartorius & Zani 2009 Bernardo, Guerra-Fuentes, Matiazzi & Zaher 2012 Blackburn & Vitt 1992 [as Mabuya bistriata] Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Costa-Prudente, Magalhaes, Menks & Melo-Sarmento 2013 Hedges & Conn 2012 Mendes-Pinto & Souza 2011 Miralles & Carranza 2010 Miralles, Barrio-Amoros, Rivas & Chaparro-Auza 2006 Miralles, Rivas-Fuenmayor & Barrio-Amoros 2005 Ribeiro-Junior & Amaral 2016 Ribeiro-Junior, Rossi, Miranda & Avila-Pires 2011 Silva, Menks, Prudente, Costa, Travassos & Galatti 2011 Vitt & Blackburn 1991 [as Mabuya bistriata] Genus Manciola (South American Small-handed Skink)   Manciola guaporicola South American Small-handed Skink Avila-Pires 1995 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Ribeiro-Junior & Amaral 2016 Genus Notomabuya (Southern Neotropical Skink)   Notomabuya frenata Southern Neotropical Skink Caldeira Costa, Dias Fernandes, Vrcibradic & Neves Feio 2008 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Ribeiro-Junior & Amaral 2016 Vrcibradic & de Moura-Leite 2003 Vrcibradic, Almeida-Gomes, Borges-Junior, Kiefer, Sluys & Raocha 2006 Genus Varzea (Amazonian Floodplain Skinks)   Varzea bistriata Lower Amazon Floodplain Skink Avila-Pires 1995 Avila-Pires, Vitt, Sartorius & Zani 2009 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Costa-Prudente, Magalhaes, Menks & Melo-Sarmento 2013 Cunha, Nascimento & Avila-Pires 1985 Miralles, Barrio-Amoros, Rivas & Chaparro-Auza 2006 Ribeiro-Junior & Amaral 2016  Family Sphaerodactylidae (Least Geckos, etc.) Genus Chatogekko (Pug-nosed Dwarf Gecko)   Chatogekko amazonicus Pug-nosed Dwarf Gecko Avila-Pires 1995 Avila-Pires 2005 Avila-Pires, Hoogmoed & Rocha 2010 Avila-Pires, Vitt, Sartorius & Zani 2009 Bernardo, Guerra-Fuentes, Matiazzi & Zaher 2012 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Costa-Prudente, Magalhaes, Menks & Melo-Sarmento 2013 Cunha, Nascimento & Avila-Pires 1985 Gamble, Daza, Colli, Vitt & Bauer 2011 Geurgas, Rodrigues & Moritz 2008 Goncalves, Torquato, Skuk & Sena 2012 Hoogmoed 1973 Mendes-Pinto & Souza 2011 Nascimento, Avila-Pires, Santos & Lima 1991 Oliveira, Ruz & Barros 2013 Ribeiro-Junior & Amaral 2016 Ribeiro-Junior 2015 Ribeiro-Junior, Rossi, Miranda & Avila-Pires 2011 Silva, Menks, Prudente, Costa, Travassos & Galatti 2011 Vanzolini 1968 Vanzolini 1972 Vanzolini 1974 Genus Coleodactylus (Sheath-toed Pygmy Geckos)   Coleodactylus meridionalis Atlantic Forest Pygmy Gecko Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Ribeiro-Junior 2015 Genus Gonatodes (American Padless Geckos)   Gonatodes annularis Ringed Padless Gecko Avila-Pires 1995 Avila-Pires 2005 Avila-Pires, Hoogmoed & Rocha 2010 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Kok 2011 Ribeiro-Junior & Amaral 2016 Ribeiro-Junior 2015 Sturaro & Avila-Pires 2011 Sturaro & Avila-Pires 2013   Gonatodes eladioi Para Padless Gecko Avila-Pires 1995 Bernardo, Guerra-Fuentes, Matiazzi & Zaher 2012 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Nascimento, Avila-Pires & Cunha 1987 Ribeiro-Junior & Amaral 2016 Ribeiro-Junior 2015 Sturaro & Avila-Pires 2011 Sturaro & Avila-Pires 2013   Gonatodes hasemani Brown-headed Padless Lizard Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Costa-Prudente, Magalhaes, Menks & Melo-Sarmento 2013 Ribeiro-Junior & Amaral 2016 Ribeiro-Junior 2015 Sturaro & Avila-Pires 2011 Sturaro & Avila-Pires 2013   Gonatodes humeralis Bridled Forest Gecko Avila-Pires 1995 Avila-Pires 2005 Avila-Pires, Hoogmoed & Rocha 2010 Avila-Pires, Vitt, Sartorius & Zani 2009 Bernardo, Guerra-Fuentes, Matiazzi & Zaher 2012 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Costa-Prudente, Magalhaes, Menks & Melo-Sarmento 2013 Cunha, Nascimento & Avila-Pires 1985 Hoogmoed 1973 Mendes-Pinto & Souza 2011 Nascimento, Avila-Pires, Santos & Lima 1991 Ribeiro-Junior & Amaral 2016 Ribeiro-Junior 2015 Ribeiro-Junior, Rossi, Miranda & Avila-Pires 2011 Silva, Menks, Prudente, Costa, Travassos & Galatti 2011 Sturaro & Avila-Pires 2011 Sturaro & Avila-Pires 2013 Vanzolini 1968 Vanzolini 1972 Vanzolini 1974   Gonatodes nascimentoi Anapu Padless Gecko Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Oliveira, Ruz & Barros 2013 Ribeiro-Junior & Amaral 2016 Ribeiro-Junior 2015 Sturaro & Avila-Pires 2011   * Gonatodes tapajonicus Rio Tapajo Padless Gecko Avila-Pires 1995 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Ribeiro-Junior & Amaral 2016 Ribeiro-Junior 2015 Rodrigues 1980 Sturaro & Avila-Pires 2011 Sturaro & Avila-Pires 2013 Genus Lepidoblepharis (Scaly-eyed Geckos)   Lepidoblepharis heyerorum Amazon Scaly-eyed Gecko Avila-Pires 1995 Avila-Pires 2005 Avila-Pires, Hoogmoed & Rocha 2010 Avila-Pires, Vitt, Sartorius & Zani 2009 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Costa-Prudente, Magalhaes, Menks & Melo-Sarmento 2013 Peters & Donoso-Barros 1970 [as f. festae] Ribeiro-Junior & Amaral 2016 Ribeiro-Junior 2015 Vanzolini 1968 [as festae] Vanzolini 1974 [as festae] Genus Pseudogonatodes (South American Pygmy Geckos)   Pseudogonatodes guianensis Amazon Pygmy Gecko Avila-Pires 1995 Avila-Pires 2005 Avila-Pires, Hoogmoed & Rocha 2010 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Costa-Prudente, Magalhaes, Menks & Melo-Sarmento 2013 Ribeiro-Junior & Amaral 2016 Ribeiro-Junior 2015  Family Teiidae (Greater Tejus) Genus Ameiva (South American Ameivas)   Ameiva ameiva South American Giant Ameiva Avila-Pires 1995 Avila-Pires 2005 Avila-Pires, Hoogmoed & Rocha 2010 Avila-Pires, Vitt, Sartorius & Zani 2009 Bernardo, Guerra-Fuentes, Matiazzi & Zaher 2012 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Costa-Prudente, Magalhaes, Menks & Melo-Sarmento 2013 Cunha 1961 Cunha, Nascimento & Avila-Pires 1985 Magnusson 1993 Mendes-Pinto & Souza 2011 Nascimento, Avila-Pires, Santos & Lima 1991 Ribeiro-Junior & Amaral 2016 Ribeiro-Junior, Rossi, Miranda & Avila-Pires 2011 Silva, Menks, Prudente, Costa, Travassos & Galatti 2011 Vanzolini 1972 Genus Cnemidophorus (Southern Whiptails)   Cnemidophorus cryptus Bolivar Whiptail Avila-Pires 2005 Cole & Dessauer 1993 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Ribeiro-Junior & Amaral 2016   Cnemidophorus lemniscatus Rainbow Whiptail Avila-Pires 1995 [as "cf. lemniscatus"] Avila-Pires 2005 Avila-Pires, Vitt, Sartorius & Zani 2009 Cole & Dessauer 1993 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Cunha, Nascimento & Avila-Pires 1985 Mesquita & Colli 2003 Nascimento, Avila-Pires, Santos & Lima 1991 Ribeiro-Junior & Amaral 2016 Silva, Menks, Prudente, Costa, Travassos & Galatti 2011 Genus Crocodilurus (Crocodile Teju)   Crocodilurus amazonicus Crocodile Teju Avila-Pires 1995 [as lacertinus] Avila-Pires 2005 Avila-Pires, Vitt, Sartorius & Zani 2009 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Costa-Prudente, Magalhaes, Menks & Melo-Sarmento 2013 Martins 2006 Ribeiro-Junior & Amaral 2016 Vanzolini 1972 [as lacertinus] Genus Dracaena (Caiman Lizards)   Dracaena guianensis Northern Caiman Lizard Avila-Pires 1995 Avila-Pires, Vitt, Sartorius & Zani 2009 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Nascimento, Avila-Pires, Santos & Lima 1991 Ribeiro-Junior & Amaral 2016 Vanzolini & Valencia 1965 Genus Kentropyx (Spurred Whiptails)   Kentropyx altamazonica Cocha Whiptail Avila-Pires 1995 Avila-Pires 2005 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Costa-Prudente, Magalhaes, Menks & Melo-Sarmento 2013 Ribeiro-Junior & Amaral 2016   Kentropyx calcarata Striped Forest Whiptail Avila-Pires 1995 Avila-Pires 2005 Avila-Pires, Hoogmoed & Rocha 2010 Avila-Pires, Vitt, Sartorius & Zani 2009 Bernardo, Guerra-Fuentes, Matiazzi & Zaher 2012 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Costa-Prudente, Magalhaes, Menks & Melo-Sarmento 2013 Cunha, Nascimento & Avila-Pires 1985 Gallagher & Dixon 1992 Harvey, Ugueto & Gutberlet 2012 Hoogmoed 1973 Mendes-Pinto & Souza 2011 Nascimento, Avila-Pires, Santos & Lima 1991 Oliveira, Ruz & Barros 2013 Ribeiro-Junior & Amaral 2016 Ribeiro-Junior, Rossi, Miranda & Avila-Pires 2011 Silva, Menks, Prudente, Costa, Travassos & Galatti 2011   Kentropyx striata Surinam Striped Whiptail Avila-Pires 1995 Avila-Pires 2005 Avila-Pires, Hoogmoed & Rocha 2010 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Gallagher & Dixon 1992 Hoogmoed 1973 Magnusson 1993 Nascimento, Avila-Pires, Santos & Lima 1991 Ribeiro-Junior & Amaral 2016 Vanzolini 1972 Genus Salvator (Southern Tejus)   Salvator merianae Southern Black-and-White Teju Avila-Pires 1995 Colli, Peres & Cunha 1998 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Koehler & Langerwerf 2000 Ribeiro-Junior & Amaral 2016 Genus Tupinambis (Northern Tejus)   Tupinambis longilineus Rondonian Teju Caldeira Costa, Avelar Sao Pedro, Peres Junior & Neves Feio 2008 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Costa-Prudente, Magalhaes, Menks & Melo-Sarmento 2013 Harvey, Ugueto & Gutberlet 2012 Lima & Pimenta 2008 Ribeiro-Junior & Amaral 2016   Tupinambis quadrilineatus Four-striped Teju Abrahao-Morato, Meer, Bornschein, Vieira Capela, Almeida Ulandowski & Zampier 2015 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Ferreira, Pereira, Avila-Pires, Chaves, Cunha & Furtado 2009 Ribeiro-Junior & Amaral 2016 Silva, Ribeiro-Junior & Avila-Pires 2018   Tupinambis teguixin Amazonian Black-and-White Teju Avila-Pires 1995 Avila-Pires 2005 Avila-Pires, Vitt, Sartorius & Zani 2009 Colli, Peres & Cunha 1998 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Costa-Prudente, Magalhaes, Menks & Melo-Sarmento 2013 Mendes-Pinto & Souza 2011 Murphy, Jowers, Lehtinen, Charles, Colli, Peres, Hendry & Pyron 2016 Nascimento, Avila-Pires, Santos & Lima 1991 [as nigropunctatus] Passos, Lima-Araujo, Melo & Borges-Nojosa 2013 Ribeiro-Junior & Amaral 2016  Family Tropiduridae (Rough-tailed Iguanas) Genus Plica (Tree Runners)   Plica plica Collared Tree Runner Avila-Pires 1995 Avila-Pires 2005 Avila-Pires, Hoogmoed & Rocha 2010 Avila-Pires, Vitt, Sartorius & Zani 2009 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Costa-Prudente, Magalhaes, Menks & Melo-Sarmento 2013 Cunha 1961 Cunha, Nascimento & Avila-Pires 1985 Etheridge 1970 Hoogmoed 1973 Mendes-Pinto & Souza 2011 Ribeiro-Junior & Amaral 2016 Ribeiro-Junior 2015 Ribeiro-Junior, Rossi, Miranda & Avila-Pires 2011 Vanzolini 1972 Vitt 1991   Plica umbra Smooth-necked Tree Runner Avila-Pires 1995 Avila-Pires 2005 Avila-Pires, Hoogmoed & Rocha 2010 Avila-Pires, Vitt, Sartorius & Zani 2009 Bernardo, Guerra-Fuentes, Matiazzi & Zaher 2012 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Costa-Prudente, Magalhaes, Menks & Melo-Sarmento 2013 Cunha 1961 Cunha, Nascimento & Avila-Pires 1985 Etheridge 1970 Mendes-Pinto & Souza 2011 Ribeiro-Junior & Amaral 2016 Ribeiro-Junior 2015 Ribeiro-Junior, Rossi, Miranda & Avila-Pires 2011 Silva, Menks, Prudente, Costa, Travassos & Galatti 2011 Vanzolini 1972 Vanzolini 1974 Genus Stenocercus (Whorl-tailed Iguanas)   Stenocercus dumerilii Para Whorl-tailed Iguana Avila-Pires 1995 Avila-Pires, Vitt, Sartorius & Zani 2009 Cadle 2001 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Ribeiro-Junior & Amaral 2016 Ribeiro-Junior 2015 Torres-Carvajal 2005 Torres-Carvajal 2007 Genus Tropidurus (Eastern Keel-tailed Iguanas)   Tropidurus hispidus Spotted Keel-tailed Iguana Avila-Pires 1995 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Ribeiro-Junior & Amaral 2016 Ribeiro-Junior 2015 Rodrigues 1987 Sousa Abreu, Frota & Yuki 2002   Tropidurus insulanus Cachimbo Keel-tailed Iguana Avila-Pires 1995 Carvalho 2013 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Ribeiro-Junior & Amaral 2016 Ribeiro-Junior 2015 Rodrigues 1987   Tropidurus oreadicus Cerrado Keel-tailed Iguana Avila-Pires 1995 Carvalho 2013 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Ribeiro-Junior 2015 Rodrigues 1987 Santos, Sousa Abreu & Frota 2002 Genus Uracentron (South American Spiny-tailed Iguanas)   Uracentron azureum Green Spiny-tailed Iguana Avila-Pires 1995 Avila-Pires 2005 Avila-Pires, Vitt, Sartorius & Zani 2009 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Costa-Prudente, Magalhaes, Menks & Melo-Sarmento 2013 Cunha 1961 Etheridge 1968 Nascimento, Avila-Pires, Santos & Lima 1991 Ribeiro-Junior & Amaral 2016 Ribeiro-Junior 2015 Vanzolini 1972 Genus Uranoscodon (Mop-headed Iguana)   Uranoscodon superciliosus Mop-headed Iguana Avila-Pires 1995 Avila-Pires 2005 Avila-Pires, Hoogmoed & Rocha 2010 Avila-Pires, Vitt, Sartorius & Zani 2009 Bernardo, Guerra-Fuentes, Matiazzi & Zaher 2012 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Costa-Prudente, Magalhaes, Menks & Melo-Sarmento 2013 Cunha 1961 Cunha, Nascimento & Avila-Pires 1985 Hoogmoed 1973 Howland, Vitt & Lopez 1990 Mendes-Pinto & Souza 2011 Nascimento, Avila-Pires, Santos & Lima 1991 Oliveira, Ruz & Barros 2013 Ribeiro-Junior & Amaral 2016 Ribeiro-Junior 2015 Silva, Menks, Prudente, Costa, Travassos & Galatti 2011 Vanzolini 1972

	Snakes (Serpentes)
	= endemicEX = extinct or assumed extinct Species References  Family Aniliidae (South American Pipe Snake) Genus Anilius (South American Pipe Snake)   Anilius scytale South American Pipe Snake Amaral 1949 Avila-Pires 2005 Avila-Pires, Vitt, Sartorius & Zani 2009 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Cunha, Nascimento & Avila-Pires 1985 Frota, Santos, Chaldikis & Guedes 2005 Maschio, Lima & Costa Prudente 2005 Maschio, Prudente, Rodrigues & Hoogmoed 2010 Mendes-Pinto & Souza 2011 Oliveira, Ruz & Barros 2013 Santos-Costa, Maschio & Prudente 2015 Silva, Menks, Prudente, Costa, Travassos & Galatti 2011 Valls Moraes & Yuki 1998 Wallach, Williams & Boundy 2014  Family Anomalepididae (Neotropical Blind Snakes) Genus Liotyphlops (Smooth Blind Snakes)   Liotyphlops ternetzii Paraguayan Blind Snake Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Cruz-Centeno, Swaya & Germano 2010 McDiarmid, Campbell & Toure 1999 Genus Typhlophis (Cayenne Blind Snake)   Typhlophis squamosus Cayenne Blind Snake Amaral 1949 Avila-Pires, Hoogmoed & Rocha 2010 Avila-Pires, Vitt, Sartorius & Zani 2009 Chippaux 1987 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Frota, Santos, Chaldikis & Guedes 2005 McDiarmid, Campbell & Toure 1999 Mendes-Pinto & Souza 2011  Family Boidae (Typical Boas) Genus Boa (Red-tailed Boas)   Boa constrictor South American Red-tailed Boa Amaral 1949 Avila-Pires 2005 Avila-Pires, Hoogmoed & Rocha 2010 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Cunha, Nascimento & Avila-Pires 1985 Franca, Franca, Roedder & Sole 2022 Frota, Santos, Chaldikis & Guedes 2005 Mendes-Pinto & Souza 2011 Nascimento, Avila-Pires, Santos & Lima 1991 Rodrigues, Maschio & Prudente 2016 Santos-Costa, Maschio & Prudente 2015 Silva, Menks, Prudente, Costa, Travassos & Galatti 2011 Yuki & Santos 1998 Genus Corallus (Tree Boas)   Corallus batesii Southern Emerald Tree Boa Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Henderson, Passos & Feitosa 2009 Santos-Costa, Maschio & Prudente 2015   Corallus caninus Northern Emerald Tree Boa Avila-Pires 2005 Avila-Pires, Hoogmoed & Rocha 2010 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Henderson, Passos & Feitosa 2009 Nascimento, Avila-Pires & Cunha 1987 Silva, Menks, Prudente, Costa, Travassos & Galatti 2011   Corallus hortulana Amazon Tree Boa Amaral 1949 Avila-Pires 2005 Avila-Pires, Hoogmoed & Rocha 2010 Avila-Pires, Vitt, Sartorius & Zani 2009 Bernardo, Guerra-Fuentes, Matiazzi & Zaher 2012 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Cunha, Nascimento & Avila-Pires 1985 [as enydris] Frota, Santos, Chaldikis & Guedes 2005 Henderson 1997 Henderson 2002 Rodrigues, Maschio & Prudente 2016 Santos-Costa, Maschio & Prudente 2015 Silva, Menks, Prudente, Costa, Travassos & Galatti 2011 Yuki & Santos 1998 Genus Epicrates (Rainbow Boas)   Epicrates cenchria Common Rainbow Boa Amaral 1949 Andrade-Junior, Soares Franca, Sudre & Passos 2020 Avila-Pires 2005 Avila-Pires, Vitt, Sartorius & Zani 2009 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Cunha, Nascimento & Avila-Pires 1985 Frota, Santos, Chaldikis & Guedes 2005 Mendes-Pinto & Souza 2011 Nascimento, Avila-Pires, Santos & Lima 1991 Passos & Fernandes 2008 Rodrigues, Maschio & Prudente 2016 Santos-Costa, Maschio & Prudente 2015 Silva, Menks, Prudente, Costa, Travassos & Galatti 2011 Yuki & Santos 1998   Epicrates crassus Paraguayan Rainbow Boa Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Passos & Fernandes 2008   Epicrates maurus Northern Rainbow Boa Andrade-Junior, Soares Franca, Sudre & Passos 2020 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Frota, Santos, Chaldikis & Guedes 2005 Nascimento, Avila-Pires, Santos & Lima 1991 [as cenchria barbouri] Passos & Fernandes 2008 Passos & Franco 2002 Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 [as cenchria barbouri] Rodrigues, Maschio & Prudente 2016 Stimson 1969 [as cenchria barbouri] Yuki & Santos 1998 [as cenchria barbouri] Genus Eunectes (Anacondas)   Eunectes deschauenseei Dark-spotted Anaconda Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Dirksen 1999 Dirksen 2002 Frota, Santos, Chaldikis & Guedes 2005 Nascimento, Avila-Pires, Santos & Lima 1991 Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 Rodrigues, Maschio & Prudente 2016 Stimson 1969 Yuki & Santos 1998   Eunectes murinus Green Anaconda Amaral 1949 Avila-Pires 2005 Avila-Pires, Hoogmoed & Rocha 2010 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Dirksen 2002 Frota, Santos, Chaldikis & Guedes 2005 Murphy & Henderson 1997 Nascimento, Avila-Pires, Santos & Lima 1991 [as Eunectes barbouri] Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 [as barbouri] Rodrigues, Maschio & Prudente 2016 Santos-Costa, Maschio & Prudente 2015 Silva, Menks, Prudente, Costa, Travassos & Galatti 2011 Stimson 1969 [as E. barbouri] Yuki & Santos 1998  Family Colubridae (Typical Snakes or Colubrids) Genus Adelphostigma (Twin-spotted Leaf-litter Snakes)   Adelphostigma occipitalis Bahia Leaf-litter Snake Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Cunha, Nascimento & Avila-Pires 1985 Frota, Santos, Chaldikis & Guedes 2005 [as "cf. occipitalis"] Oliveira, Ruz & Barros 2013 Ribeiro-Junior, Rossi, Miranda & Avila-Pires 2011 Santos & Lema 2004 Santos, Di-Bernardo & Lema 2008 Yuki & Santos 1998   Adelphostigma quadriocellata Four-spotted Leaf-litter Snake Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Rodrigues, Maschio & Prudente 2016 Santos, Di-Bernardo & Lema 2008 Santos-Costa, Maschio & Prudente 2015 Genus Apostolepis (Black-tailed Blackheads)   Apostolepis flavotorquata Yellow-collared Blackhead Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Lema & Renner 2005 Lema 2002 Lima Silveira 2014   Apostolepis longicaudata Piaui Blackhead Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021   Apostolepis nelsonjorgei Minacu Blackhead Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021   Apostolepis nigrolineata Para Blackhead Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Curcio, Nunes, Harvey & Rodrigues 2011 Entiauspe-Neto, Koch, Guedes & Tiutenko 2020 Ferrarezzi, Barbo & Albuquerque 2005 [as pymi] Frota, Santos, Chaldikis & Guedes 2005 Lema & Albuquerque 2010 [as pymi] Lema 2001 Lema, Queiroz & Martins 2017 Mendes-Pinto & Souza 2011 [as pymi] Nogueira, Barbo & Ferrarezzi 2012 [as pymi] Santos-Costa, Maschio & Prudente 2015   Apostolepis quinquelineata Five-lined Blackhead Avila-Pires, Hoogmoed & Rocha 2010 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Cunha, Nascimento & Avila-Pires 1985 Lema 2001 Silva, Menks, Prudente, Costa, Travassos & Galatti 2011 Genus Atractus (Spindle Snakes)   * Atractus akerios Nova Vida Spindle Snake Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Melo-Sampaio, Passos, Prudente, Venegas & Torres-Carvajal 2021   Atractus albuquerquei Guama River Spindle Snake Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Cunha & Nascimento 1983 Nascimento, Avila Pires & Cunha 1988 Passos & Fernandes 2008 Passos, Azevedo, Nogueira, Fernandes & Sawaya 2019 Silva, Silva, Ribeiro, Souza & Souza 2005 Wallach, Williams & Boundy 2014 Zaher, Souza, Gower, Hingst-Zaher & Silva 2005   Atractus alphonsehogei Bela Vista Spindle Snake Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Cunha & Nascimento 1983 Cunha & Nascimento 1984 Martins & Oliveira 1993 Passos & Fernandes 2008 Passos, Prudente, Ramos, Caicedo-Portilla & Lynch 2018 Passos, Ramos, Pinna & Prudente 2013 Prudente & Passos 2010 Wallach, Williams & Boundy 2014   * Atractus altagratiae Cururu River Spindle Snake Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Passos & Fernandes 2008 Wallach, Williams & Boundy 2014   Atractus badius Guianan Spindle Snake Amaral 1949 Avila-Pires, Hoogmoed & Rocha 2010 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Passos, Melo-Sampaio, Ramos, Grazziotin, Fouquet & Torres-Carvajal 2022   Atractus boimirim Jamari River Spindle Snake Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Passos, Prudente & Lynch 2016   Atractus caxiuana Para Spindle Snake Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Passos & Fernandes 2008 Passos, Ramos, Pinna & Prudente 2013 Prudente & Passos 2010 Prudente & Santos-Costa 2006   Atractus dapsilis Oriximina Spindle Snake Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Melo-Sampaio, Passos, Fouquet, Costa Prudente & Torres-Carvajal 2019   Atractus elaps Black Spindle Snake Amaral 1949 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021   Atractus flammigerus Flaming Spindle Snake Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021   * Atractus hoogmoedi Santa Luzia Spindle Snake Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Cunha & Nascimento 1984 [as zidoki] Passos, Ramos, Pinna & Prudente 2013 Prudente & Passos 2010 Vanzolini 1986 [as zidoki]   Atractus latifrons Wedge-tailed Spindle Snake Almeida, Feitosa, Passos & Prudente 2014 Amaral 1949 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Nascimento, Avila-Pires & Cunha 1987 Oliveira, Ruz & Barros 2013   Atractus major Brown Spindle Snake Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Prudente & Costa 2004 Santos-Costa, Maschio & Prudente 2015   Atractus natans Mamiraua Spindle Snake Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Hoogmoed & Prudente 2003 Passos & Fernandes 2008 Passos, Cisneros-Heredia, Rivera, Aguilar & Schargel 2012 Rodrigues, Maschio & Prudente 2016   Atractus snethlageae Gurupi River Spindle Snake Avila-Pires, Vitt, Sartorius & Zani 2009 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Frota 2000 Martins & Oliveira 1993 Melo-Sampaio, Passos, Prudente, Venegas & Torres-Carvajal 2021 Passos & Fernandes 2008 Passos, Ramos, Fouquet & Prudente 2017 Ribeiro-Junior, Rossi, Miranda & Avila-Pires 2011 Santos-Costa, Maschio & Prudente 2015   Atractus tartarus Vila Palestina Spindle Snake Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Passos, Prudente & Lynch 2016   Atractus torquatus Rusty Spindle Snake Avila-Pires, Hoogmoed & Rocha 2010 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Passos & Prudente 2012   Atractus trefauti Roura Spindle Snake Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Melo-Sampaio, Passos, Fouquet, Costa Prudente & Torres-Carvajal 2019 Genus Cercophis (Atlantic Forest Liana Snake)   Cercophis auratus Atlantic Forest Liana Snake Bezerra, Ferreira-Guilhon, Lima-Ramos & Borges-Nojosa 2020 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Cunha & Nascimento 1982 [as Uromacerina ricardinii] Hoogmoed, Fernandes, Kucharzewski, Moura-Leite, Bernils, Entiauspe-Neto & Santos 2019 Genus Chironius (Sipos)   Chironius carinatus Yellow-lipped Sipo Amaral 1949 Araujo, Franca, Nascimento, Orsi Laranjeiras & Rodrigues Franca 2019 Avila-Pires 2005 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Dixon, Wiest & Cei 1993 Frota, Santos, Chaldikis & Guedes 2005 Nascimento, Avila-Pires, Santos & Lima 1991 Rodrigues, Maschio & Prudente 2016 Yuki & Santos 1998   Chironius exoletus Green Sipo Avila-Pires, Hoogmoed & Rocha 2010 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Cunha, Nascimento & Avila-Pires 1985 Dixon, Wiest & Cei 1993 Frota & Yuki 2002 Frota, Santos, Chaldikis & Guedes 2005 Rodrigues, Maschio & Prudente 2016 Santos-Costa, Maschio & Prudente 2015 Silva, Menks, Prudente, Costa, Travassos & Galatti 2011 Yuki & Santos 1998   Chironius flavolineatus Yellow-striped Sipo Albuquerque & Freitas 2011 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Cunha, Nascimento & Avila-Pires 1985 Dixon, Wiest & Cei 1993 Hamdan & Fernandes 2015 Hamdan, Scali & Fernandes 2014 Rodrigues, Maschio & Prudente 2016 Yuki & Santos 1998   Chironius fuscus Brown Sipo Amaral 1949 Avila-Pires 2005 Avila-Pires, Hoogmoed & Rocha 2010 Avila-Pires, Vitt, Sartorius & Zani 2009 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Cunha, Nascimento & Avila-Pires 1985 Dixon, Wiest & Cei 1993 Frota, Santos, Chaldikis & Guedes 2005 Oliveira, Ruz & Barros 2013 Rodrigues, Maschio & Prudente 2016 Santos-Costa, Maschio & Prudente 2015 Yuki & Santos 1998   Chironius multiventris Peruvian Sipo Avila-Pires 2005 Avila-Pires, Hoogmoed & Rocha 2010 [as cochranae] Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Cunha, Nascimento & Avila-Pires 1985 Dixon, Wiest & Cei 1993 [as cochranae] Freiberg 1982 [as cochranae] Frota, Santos, Chaldikis & Guedes 2005 [as cochranae] Mendes-Pinto & Souza 2011 Rodrigues, Maschio & Prudente 2016 Santos-Costa, Maschio & Prudente 2015 Yuki & Santos 1998   Chironius scurrulus Rusty Sipo Avila-Pires, Hoogmoed & Rocha 2010 Avila-Pires, Vitt, Sartorius & Zani 2009 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Cunha, Nascimento & Avila-Pires 1985 Dixon, Wiest & Cei 1993 Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 Santos-Costa, Maschio & Prudente 2015 Genus Chlorosoma (Green Bush Racers)   Chlorosoma viridissimum Emerald Bush Racer Amaral 1949 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Cunha, Nascimento & Avila-Pires 1985 Entiauspe-Neto, Abegg, Rocha & Loebmann 2018 Freitas, Franca & Bernarde 2012 Frota, Santos, Chaldikis & Guedes 2005 Nascimento, Avila-Pires, Santos & Lima 1991 Rodrigues, Maschio & Prudente 2016 Santos-Costa, Maschio & Prudente 2015 Silva, Menks, Prudente, Costa, Travassos & Galatti 2011 Thomas 1976 Yuki & Santos 1998 Genus Clelia (Northern Snake Eaters)   Clelia clelia Common Snake Eater Amaral 1949 Avila-Pires, Hoogmoed & Rocha 2010 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Frota, Santos, Chaldikis & Guedes 2005 Mendes-Pinto & Souza 2011 Nascimento, Avila-Pires, Santos & Lima 1991 Rodrigues, Maschio & Prudente 2016 Santos-Costa, Maschio & Prudente 2015 Zaher 1996   Clelia plumbea Plumbeous Snake Eater Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Nascimento, Avila-Pires & Cunha 1987 Yuki & Santos 1998 Zaher 1996 Genus Dendrophidion (Forest Racers)   Dendrophidion dendrophis Tawny Forest Racer Amaral 1949 Avila-Pires, Hoogmoed & Rocha 2010 Avila-Pires, Vitt, Sartorius & Zani 2009 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Freire, Caramaschi & Goncalves 2010 Frota, Santos, Chaldikis & Guedes 2005 Nascimento, Avila-Pires & Cunha 1987 Prudente, Maschio, Yamashina & Santos-Costa 2007 Rodrigues, Maschio & Prudente 2016 Santos-Costa, Maschio & Prudente 2015 Silva, Menks, Prudente, Costa, Travassos & Galatti 2011 Genus Dipsas (Neotropical Snail Eaters)   Dipsas catesbyi Ornate Snail Eater Amaral 1949 Avila-Pires, Hoogmoed & Rocha 2010 Avila-Pires, Vitt, Sartorius & Zani 2009 Bernardo, Guerra-Fuentes, Matiazzi & Zaher 2012 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Cunha, Nascimento & Avila-Pires 1985 Frota, Santos, Chaldikis & Guedes 2005 Lima & Prudente 2009 Mendes-Pinto & Souza 2011 Sanchez-Martinez, Franca & Trevine 2022 Santos-Costa, Maschio & Prudente 2015 Silva, Menks, Prudente, Costa, Travassos & Galatti 2011   Dipsas indica Big-headed Snail Eater Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Cunha, Nascimento & Avila-Pires 1985 Frota, Santos, Chaldikis & Guedes 2005 Rodrigues, Maschio & Prudente 2016   Dipsas mikanii Brazilian White-collared Snail Eater Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Franca 2003 Freitas, Almeida, Almeida, Danin & Moura 2014   Dipsas pavonina Northern Snail Eater Amaral 1949 Avila-Pires, Hoogmoed & Rocha 2010 Avila-Pires, Vitt, Sartorius & Zani 2009 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Cunha, Nascimento & Avila-Pires 1985 Frota, Santos, Chaldikis & Guedes 2005 Lima & Prudente 2009 Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 Peters 1960 Peters 1965 Silva, Menks, Prudente, Costa, Travassos & Galatti 2011   Dipsas variegata Many-banded Snail Eater Amaral 1949 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Genus Drepanoides (Amazon Egg Eater)   Drepanoides anomalus Amazon Egg Eater Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Guedes, Queiroz, Sousa & Hamdan 2020 Mendes-Pinto & Souza 2011 Rodrigues, Maschio & Prudente 2016 Santos-Costa, Maschio & Prudente 2015 Vanzolini 1986 Yuki & Santos 1998 Genus Drymarchon (Indigo Snakes and Cribos)   Drymarchon corais Yellow-tailed Cribo Amaral 1949 Avila-Pires 2005 Bernardo, Guerra-Fuentes, Matiazzi & Zaher 2012 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Cunha, Nascimento & Avila-Pires 1985 Frota, Santos, Chaldikis & Guedes 2005 Nascimento, Avila-Pires, Santos & Lima 1991 Prudente, Menks, Silva & Maschio 2014 Rodrigues, Maschio & Prudente 2016 Wuster, Yrausquin & Mijares-Urrutia 2001 Yuki & Santos 1998 Genus Drymobius (Central American Racers)   Drymobius rhombifer Diamondback Racer Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Mendes-Pinto & Souza 2011 Genus Drymoluber (Glossy Racers)   Drymoluber dichrous Northern Glossy Racer Amaral 1949 Avila-Pires 2005 Avila-Pires, Hoogmoed & Rocha 2010 Avila-Pires, Vitt, Sartorius & Zani 2009 Caldeira-Costa, Ribeiro-Moura & Neves-Feio 2013 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Cunha, Nascimento & Avila-Pires 1985 Frota, Santos, Chaldikis & Guedes 2005 Santos-Costa, Maschio & Prudente 2015 Silva, Menks, Prudente, Costa, Travassos & Galatti 2011 Genus Dryophylax (Northern Mock Vipers)   Dryophylax ramonriveroi Turimiquire Mock Viper Avila-Pires, Hoogmoed & Rocha 2010 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Genus Erythrolamprus (Neotropical Smooth Snakes)   Erythrolamprus aesculapii Southern Mock Coral Snake Amaral 1949 Avila-Pires, Hoogmoed & Rocha 2010 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Cunha, Nascimento & Avila-Pires 1985 Curcio, Scali & Rodrigues 2015 Frota, Santos, Chaldikis & Guedes 2005 Ribeiro-Junior, Rossi, Miranda & Avila-Pires 2011 Santos-Costa, Maschio & Prudente 2015   Erythrolamprus almadensis Almada Smooth Snake Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Dixon 1991 Frota, Santos, Chaldikis & Guedes 2005 Nascimento, Avila-Pires, Santos & Lima 1991 Rodrigues, Maschio & Prudente 2016 Yuki & Santos 1998   Erythrolamprus breviceps Short-headed Smooth Snake Avila-Pires 2005 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Dixon 1989 Frota 2001   * Erythrolamprus carajasensis Carajas Smooth Snake Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Cunha, Nascimento & Avila-Pires 1985 Dixon 1989   Erythrolamprus miliaris Military Smooth Snake Amaral 1949 Avila-Pires 2005 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Dixon 1983 Dixon 1989 Frota & Santos 2002 Frota, Santos, Chaldikis & Guedes 2005 Nascimento, Avila-Pires & Cunha 1987 Santos & Frota 2002 Santos & Yuki 2002   Erythrolamprus oligolepis Para Smooth Snake Ascenso, Costa & Prudente 2019 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Franca, Freitas, Bernarde & Uhlig 2013 Frota, Santos, Chaldikis & Guedes 2005 Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970   Erythrolamprus poecilogyrus Yellow-bellied Smooth Snake Amaral 1949 Ascenso, Costa & Prudente 2019 Avila-Pires 2005 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Entiauspe-Neto, Abegg, Koch, Nunez, Azevedo, Moraes, Tiutenko, Bialves & Loebmann 2021 Franca, Franca, Roedder & Sole 2022 Frota, Santos, Chaldikis & Guedes 2005 Mendes-Pinto & Souza 2011 Nascimento, Avila-Pires, Santos & Lima 1991 Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 Rodrigues, Maschio & Prudente 2016 Yuki & Santos 1998   Erythrolamprus pygmaeus Amazon Dwarf Forest Snake Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Kawashita-Ribeiro, Carvalho, Lima, Avila & Fraga 2011 Vechio, Teixeira-Junior, Recoder, Sena, Souza & Rodrigues 2015   Erythrolamprus reginae Northern Royal Smooth Snake Albarelli & Santos-Costa 2010 Amaral 1949 Ascenso, Costa & Prudente 2019 Avila-Pires 2005 Avila-Pires, Hoogmoed & Rocha 2010 Bernardo, Guerra-Fuentes, Matiazzi & Zaher 2012 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Cunha, Nascimento & Avila-Pires 1985 [as oligolepis] Dixon 1989 Frota, Santos, Chaldikis & Guedes 2005 Mendes-Pinto & Souza 2011 Nascimento, Avila-Pires, Santos & Lima 1991 Rodrigues, Maschio & Prudente 2016 Santos-Costa, Maschio & Prudente 2015 Silva, Menks, Prudente, Costa, Travassos & Galatti 2011 Yuki & Santos 1998   Erythrolamprus taeniogaster Banded Smooth Snake Ascenso, Costa & Prudente 2019 Bernardo, Guerra-Fuentes, Matiazzi & Zaher 2012 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Frota & Santos 2003 Frota 2001 Frota, Santos, Chaldikis & Guedes 2005 Rodrigues, Maschio & Prudente 2016 Santos-Costa, Maschio & Prudente 2015   Erythrolamprus typhlus Velvety Smooth Snake Amaral 1949 Ascenso, Costa & Prudente 2019 Avila-Pires 2005 Avila-Pires, Hoogmoed & Rocha 2010 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Dixon 1987 Frota, Santos, Chaldikis & Guedes 2005 Nascimento, Avila-Pires & Cunha 1987 Rodrigues, Maschio & Prudente 2016 Silva, Menks, Prudente, Costa, Travassos & Galatti 2011 Genus Helicops (South American Keelbacks)   Helicops angulatus Brown-banded Keelback Amaral 1949 Avila-Pires 2005 Avila-Pires, Hoogmoed & Rocha 2010 Avila-Pires, Vitt, Sartorius & Zani 2009 Borges-Nojosa, Dourado de Mesquita & Fernandes-Ferreira 2008 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Cunha, Nascimento & Avila-Pires 1985 Frota 2005 Frota, Santos, Chaldikis & Guedes 2005 Kawashita-Ribeiro, Avila & Morais 2013 Mendes-Pinto & Souza 2011 Oliveira, Ruz & Barros 2013 Roberto, Ribeiro, Sousa-Delfino & Oliveira-Almeida 2009 Rodrigues, Maschio & Prudente 2016 Santos-Costa, Maschio & Prudente 2015 Silva, Menks, Prudente, Costa, Travassos & Galatti 2011 Yuki & Santos 1998   Helicops hagmanni Amazonian Keelback Amaral 1949 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Frota 2005 Frota, Santos, Chaldikis & Guedes 2005 Moraes-da-Silva, Amaro, Sales Nunes, Rodrigues & Curcio 2021 Moraes-da-Silva, Amaro, Sales Nunes, Strussmann, Teixeira, Andrade, Sudre, Recoder, Rodrigues & Curcio 2019 Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 Rodrigues, Maschio & Prudente 2016 Rossman 1975 Roux 1910 Silva, Menks, Prudente, Costa, Travassos & Galatti 2011   Helicops leopardinus Leopard Keelback Amaral 1949 Avila-Pires 2005 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Frota 2005 Frota, Santos, Chaldikis & Guedes 2005 Moraes-da-Silva, Amaro, Sales Nunes, Rodrigues & Curcio 2021 Nascimento, Avila-Pires, Santos & Lima 1991 Rodrigues, Maschio & Prudente 2016 Yuki & Santos 1998   Helicops polylepis South American Many-scaled Keelback Amaral 1949 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Frota 2005 Frota, Santos, Chaldikis & Guedes 2005 Moraes-da-Silva, Amaro, Sales Nunes, Rodrigues & Curcio 2021 Moraes-da-Silva, Amaro, Sales Nunes, Strussmann, Teixeira, Andrade, Sudre, Recoder, Rodrigues & Curcio 2019 Nascimento, Avila-Pires, Santos & Lima 1991 Rodrigues, Maschio & Prudente 2016 Santos-Costa, Maschio & Prudente 2015 Silva, Menks, Prudente, Costa, Travassos & Galatti 2011 Yuki & Santos 1998   Helicops tapajonicus Tapajos River Keelback Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Frota 2005 Frota, Santos, Chaldikis & Guedes 2005 Moraes-da-Silva, Amaro, Sales Nunes, Rodrigues & Curcio 2021 Moraes-da-Silva, Amaro, Sales Nunes, Strussmann, Teixeira, Andrade, Sudre, Recoder, Rodrigues & Curcio 2019   Helicops trivittatus Three-striped Keelback Amaral 1949 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Frota 2005 Moraes-da-Silva, Amaro, Sales Nunes, Strussmann, Teixeira, Andrade, Sudre, Recoder, Rodrigues & Curcio 2019 Oliveira, Silva, Santos, Barriga, Gabriel & Costa-Campos 2015 Rodrigues, Maschio & Prudente 2016 Santos-Costa, Maschio & Prudente 2015 Yuki & Santos 1998 Genus Hydrodynastes (False Water Cobras)   Hydrodynastes bicinctus Two-banded False Water Cobra Amaral 1949 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021   Hydrodynastes gigas Giant False Water Cobra Amaral 1949 Avila-Pires 2005 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Franco, Fernandes & Bentim 2007 Frota, Santos, Chaldikis & Guedes 2005 Muller 1975 Nascimento, Avila-Pires, Santos & Lima 1991 Rodrigues, Maschio & Prudente 2016 Santos-Costa, Maschio & Prudente 2015 Yuki & Santos 1998 Genus Hydrops (South American Mud Snakes)   Hydrops martii Coral Mud Snake Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Entiauspe-Neto, Abegg, Pinheiro, Borges & Loebmann 2017 Frota, Santos, Chaldikis & Guedes 2005 Rodrigues, Maschio & Prudente 2016 Roze 1957 Santos-Costa, Maschio & Prudente 2015   Hydrops triangularis Red-sided Mud Snake Albuquerque & Lema 2008 Amaral 1949 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Frota, Santos, Chaldikis & Guedes 2005 Guimaraes-Guedes, Rodrigues-Maia & Yuki 2002 Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 Roze 1957 Santos-Costa, Maschio & Prudente 2015 Genus Imantodes (American Blunt-headed Tree Snakes)   Imantodes cenchoa Common Blunt-headed Tree Snake Amaral 1949 Avila-Pires 2005 Avila-Pires, Hoogmoed & Rocha 2010 Avila-Pires, Vitt, Sartorius & Zani 2009 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Cunha, Nascimento & Avila-Pires 1985 Frota, Santos, Chaldikis & Guedes 2005 Mendes-Pinto & Souza 2011 Nascimento, Avila-Pires, Santos & Lima 1991 Rodrigues, Maschio & Prudente 2016 Santos-Costa, Maschio & Prudente 2015 Silva, Menks, Prudente, Costa, Travassos & Galatti 2011 Yuki & Santos 1998   Imantodes lentiferus Amazon Blunt-headed Tree Snake Ascenso & Missassi 2015 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Frota, Missassi, Santos-Costa & Prudente 2015 Sampaio & Maciel 2012 Silva, Menks, Prudente, Costa, Travassos & Galatti 2011 Genus Leptodeira (Typical Cat-eyed Snakes)   Leptodeira annulata South American Banded Cat-eyed Snake Amaral 1949 Avila-Pires 2005 Avila-Pires, Hoogmoed & Rocha 2010 Avila-Pires, Vitt, Sartorius & Zani 2009 Bernardo, Guerra-Fuentes, Matiazzi & Zaher 2012 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Cunha, Nascimento & Avila-Pires 1985 Duellman 1958 Frota, Santos, Chaldikis & Guedes 2005 Mendes-Pinto & Souza 2011 Nascimento, Avila-Pires, Santos & Lima 1991 Oliveira, Ruz & Barros 2013 Ribeiro-Junior, Rossi, Miranda & Avila-Pires 2011 Rodrigues, Maschio & Prudente 2016 Santos-Costa, Maschio & Prudente 2015 Silva, Menks, Prudente, Costa, Travassos & Galatti 2011 Yuki & Santos 1998 Genus Leptophis (Neotropical Parrot Snakes)   Leptophis ahaetulla Common Green Parrot Snake Albuquerque & Fernandes 2022 Albuquerque, Santos, Borges-Nojosa & Avila 2022 Amaral 1949 [as richardi] Avila-Pires 2005 Avila-Pires, Hoogmoed & Rocha 2010 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Cunha, Nascimento & Avila-Pires 1985 Frota, Santos, Chaldikis & Guedes 2005 Mendes-Pinto & Souza 2011 Nascimento, Avila-Pires, Santos & Lima 1991 Oliveira, Ruz & Barros 2013 Oliver 1948 Rodrigues, Maschio & Prudente 2016 Santos-Costa, Maschio & Prudente 2015 Silva, Menks, Prudente, Costa, Travassos & Galatti 2011 Yuki & Santos 1998   Leptophis nigromarginatus Black-skinned Green Parrot Snake Albuquerque & Fernandes 2022 Albuquerque, Santos, Borges-Nojosa & Avila 2022 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Oliver 1948 Genus Lygophis (South American Striped Ground Snakes)   Lygophis lineatus Western Striped Ground Snake Amaral 1949 Avila-Pires 2005 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Franca, Franca, Roedder & Sole 2022 Frota, Santos, Chaldikis & Guedes 2005 Michaud & Dixon 1987 Nascimento, Avila-Pires, Santos & Lima 1991 Rodrigues, Maschio & Prudente 2016 Yuki & Santos 1998   Lygophis meridionalis Paraguayan Striped Ground Snake Castro & Oliveira 2017 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Michaud & Dixon 1987 Rodrigues, Maschio & Prudente 2016 Genus Mastigodryas (Neotropical Lizard Eaters)   Mastigodryas boddaerti Brown Lizard Eater Amaral 1949 Avila-Pires 2005 Avila-Pires, Hoogmoed & Rocha 2010 Avila-Pires, Vitt, Sartorius & Zani 2009 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Cunha, Nascimento & Avila-Pires 1985 Frota, Santos, Chaldikis & Guedes 2005 Montingelli 2009 Montingelli, Grazziotin, Battilana, Murphy, Zhang & Zaher 2019 Montingelli, Valencia, Benavides & Zaher 2011 Nascimento, Avila-Pires, Santos & Lima 1991 Oliveira, Ruz & Barros 2013 Rodrigues, Maschio & Prudente 2016 Santos-Costa, Maschio & Prudente 2015 Silva, Menks, Prudente, Costa, Travassos & Galatti 2011 Siqueira, Nascimento & Santos-Costa 2012 Siqueira, Nascimento, Montingelli & Santos-Costa 2013 Yuki & Santos 1998   Mastigodryas pleei Many-lined Lizard Eater Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Montingelli & Zaher 2011 Montingelli 2009 Montingelli, Grazziotin, Battilana, Murphy, Zhang & Zaher 2019 Genus Oxybelis (Neotropical Vine Snakes)   Oxybelis aeneus Brown Vine Snake Amaral 1949 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Cunha, Nascimento & Avila-Pires 1985 Frota, Santos, Chaldikis & Guedes 2005 Jadin, Blair, Orlofske, Jowers, Rivas, Vitt, Ray, Smith & Murphy 2020 Nascimento, Avila-Pires & Cunha 1987 Nascimento, Avila-Pires, Santos & Lima 1991 Rodrigues, Maschio & Prudente 2016 Santos-Costa, Maschio & Prudente 2015 Silva, Menks, Prudente, Costa, Travassos & Galatti 2011 Yuki & Santos 1998   Oxybelis fulgidus Green Vine Snake Amaral 1949 Avila-Pires 2005 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Cunha, Nascimento & Avila-Pires 1985 Frota, Santos, Chaldikis & Guedes 2005 Nascimento, Avila-Pires, Santos & Lima 1991 Rodrigues, Maschio & Prudente 2016 Santos-Costa, Maschio & Prudente 2015 Scartozzoni, Salomao & Almeida-Santos 2009 Silva, Menks, Prudente, Costa, Travassos & Galatti 2011 Yuki & Santos 1998 Genus Oxyrhopus (Calico Snakes)   Oxyrhopus formosus Yellow-headed Calico Snake Amaral 1949 [as Pseudoboa submarginata] Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Frota, Santos, Chaldikis & Guedes 2005   Oxyrhopus melanogenys Black-headed Calico Snake Amaral 1949 [as Pseudoboa bitorquata] Avila-Pires 2005 [as "aff. melanogenys"] Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Cunha & Nascimento 1983 Frota 2000 Frota, Santos, Chaldikis & Guedes 2005 Nascimento, Avila-Pires & Cunha 1987 Ribeiro-Junior, Rossi, Miranda & Avila-Pires 2011 Rodrigues, Maschio & Prudente 2016 Santos-Costa, Maschio & Prudente 2015 Yuki & Santos 1998 Zaher & Caramaschi 1992   Oxyrhopus occipitalis Northern Calico Snake Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Mendes-Pinto & Souza 2011   Oxyrhopus petolarius Banded Calico Snake Avila-Pires 2005 Avila-Pires, Hoogmoed & Rocha 2010 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Cunha, Nascimento & Avila-Pires 1985 Frota, Santos, Chaldikis & Guedes 2005 Mendes-Pinto & Souza 2011   Oxyrhopus rhombifer Rhombic Calico Snake Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Mendes-Pinto & Souza 2011 Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970   Oxyrhopus trigeminus Northern Brazilian Calico Snake Amaral 1949 Avila-Pires, Vitt, Sartorius & Zani 2009 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Frota, Santos, Chaldikis & Guedes 2005 Nascimento, Avila-Pires, Santos & Lima 1991 Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 Rodrigues, Maschio & Prudente 2016 Yuki & Santos 1998 Zaher & Caramaschi 1992   Oxyrhopus vanidicus Leticia Calico Snake Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Genus Palusophis (Eastern Lizard Eater)   Palusophis bifossatus Eastern Lizard Eater Avila-Pires 2005 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Cunha, Nascimento & Avila-Pires 1985 Frota, Santos, Chaldikis & Guedes 2005 Montingelli 2009 Montingelli, Grazziotin, Battilana, Murphy, Zhang & Zaher 2019 Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 Rodrigues, Maschio & Prudente 2016 Yuki & Santos 1998 Genus Philodryas (South American Bush Racers)   Philodryas olfersii Common Green Bush Racer Amaral 1949 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Frota, Santos, Chaldikis & Guedes 2005 Thomas 1976 Genus Phimophis (South American Shovel-nosed Snakes)   Phimophis guianensis Northern Tropical Shovel-nosed Snake Amaral 1949 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Frota, Santos, Chaldikis & Guedes 2005 Genus Phrynonax (Neotropical Bird Snakes)   Phrynonax sexcarinatus Southern Bird Snake Amaral 1949 [as polylepis] Avila-Pires, Hoogmoed & Rocha 2010 [as Pseustes poecilonotus] Avila-Pires, Vitt, Sartorius & Zani 2009 [as Pseustes poecilonotus] Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 [as polylepis] Cunha, Nascimento & Avila-Pires 1985 [as polylepis] Frota, Santos, Chaldikis & Guedes 2005 [as polylepis] Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 Santos-Costa, Maschio & Prudente 2015 [as poecilonotus] Silva, Menks, Prudente, Costa, Travassos & Galatti 2011 [as Pseustes poecilonotus] Wallach, Williams & Boundy 2014 Genus Pseudablabes (Reticulated Bush Racers)   Pseudablabes patagoniensis Patagonian Bush Racer Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Gouveia, Novelli, Vieira & Sousa 2017 Genus Pseudoboa (Neotropical Scarlet Snakes)   Pseudoboa coronata Black-headed Scarlet Snake Amaral 1949 Avila-Pires, Hoogmoed & Rocha 2010 Avila-Pires, Vitt, Sartorius & Zani 2009 Caldeira Costa, Cotta & MacCulloch 2015 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Frota, Santos, Chaldikis & Guedes 2005 Oliveira, Ruz & Barros 2013 Rodrigues, Maschio & Prudente 2016 Santos-Costa, Maschio & Prudente 2015 Silva, Menks, Prudente, Costa, Travassos & Galatti 2011 Yuki & Santos 1998 Zaher, Oliveira & Franco 2008   Pseudoboa martinsi Pale-collared Scarlet Snake Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Frazao, Campos, Oliveira, Carvalho & Hrbek 2017 Zaher, Oliveira & Franco 2008   Pseudoboa neuwiedii Northern Scarlet Snake Amaral 1949 Avila-Pires, Hoogmoed & Rocha 2010 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Frota, Santos, Chaldikis & Guedes 2005 Zaher, Oliveira & Franco 2008   Pseudoboa nigra Blackish Scarlet Snake Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Cunha, Nascimento & Avila-Pires 1985 Orofino, Pizzatto & Marques 2010 Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 Genus Pseudoeryx (Dusky Mud Snakes)   Pseudoeryx plicatilis Dusky Mud Snake Amaral 1949 Avila-Pires 2005 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Frota & Yuki 2005 Frota, Santos, Chaldikis & Guedes 2005 Scartozzoni, Trevine & Germano 2010 Genus Psomophis (Smooth Ground Snakes)   Psomophis joberti Brazilian Ground Snake Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Myers & Cadle 1994 Nascimento, Avila-Pires, Santos & Lima 1991 Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 Rodrigues, Maschio & Prudente 2016 Yuki & Santos 1998 Genus Rhinobothryum (Ringed Snakes)   Rhinobothryum lentiginosum Amazon Ringed Snake Amaral 1949 Avila-Pires, Hoogmoed & Rocha 2010 Avila-Pires, Vitt, Sartorius & Zani 2009 Bazzo Miranda, Albuquerque & Mendes Venancio 2009 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Cunha & Nascimento 1976 Cunha, Nascimento & Avila-Pires 1985 Frota, Santos, Chaldikis & Guedes 2005 Gomes de Arruda, Carvalho & Kawashita-Ribeiro 2015 Genus Sibon (Neotropical Snail Eaters)   Sibon nebulatus Cloudy Snail Eater Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Franca, Oitaven, Moura, Freitas & Franca 2018 Frota, Santos, Chaldikis & Guedes 2005 Mendes-Pinto & Souza 2011 Genus Siphlophis (Liana Snakes)   Siphlophis cervinus Common Liana Snake Amaral 1949 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Frota, Santos, Chaldikis & Guedes 2005 Nascimento, Avila-Pires & Cunha 1987 Prudente, Silva, Santos Meireles & Puorto 2017 Rodrigues, Maschio & Prudente 2016 Santos-Costa, Maschio & Prudente 2015 Silva, Menks, Prudente, Costa, Travassos & Galatti 2011 Zaher & Prudente 1999   Siphlophis compressus Red-headed Liana Snake Abegg, Santos, Ortiz, Moraes & Freitas 2017 Amaral 1949 Avila-Pires 2005 Avila-Pires, Hoogmoed & Rocha 2010 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Cunha, Nascimento & Avila-Pires 1985 Frota, Santos, Chaldikis & Guedes 2005 Guedes, Nunes, Prudente & Marques 2011 Mendes-Pinto & Souza 2011 Nascimento, Avila-Pires, Santos & Lima 1991 Rodrigues, Maschio & Prudente 2016 Yuki & Santos 1998   Siphlophis worontzowi Amazon Liana Snake Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Costa, Sao-Pedro & Feio 2010 Frota, Santos, Chaldikis & Guedes 2005 Moravec, Aparicio, Guerrero-Reinhard & Calderon 2009 Prudente, Silva, Santos Meireles & Puorto 2017 Santos, Guimaraes-Guedes & Ribeiro 2003 Vechio, Teixeira-Junior, Neto & Rodrigues 2015 Genus Spilotes (Chicken Snakes)   Spilotes pullatus Chicken Snake Amaral 1949 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Cunha, Nascimento & Avila-Pires 1985 Frota, Santos, Chaldikis & Guedes 2005 Mendes-Pinto & Souza 2011 Nascimento, Avila-Pires, Santos & Lima 1991 Rodrigues, Maschio & Prudente 2016 Santos-Costa, Maschio & Prudente 2015 Silva, Menks, Prudente, Costa, Travassos & Galatti 2011 Yuki & Santos 1998   Spilotes sulphureus Yellow-bellied Puffing Snake Amaral 1949 Andrade, Santos-Almeida & Reis-Dias 2017 Avila-Pires, Hoogmoed & Rocha 2010 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Cunha, Nascimento & Avila-Pires 1985 Frota, Santos, Chaldikis & Guedes 2005 Santos-Costa, Maschio & Prudente 2015 Genus Taeniophallus (Lowland Dwarf Leaf-litter Snakes)   Taeniophallus brevirostris Short-nosed Leaf-litter Snake Avila-Pires, Hoogmoed & Rocha 2010 Avila-Pires, Vitt, Sartorius & Zani 2009 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Frota, Santos, Chaldikis & Guedes 2005 Morais, Mott, Kawashita-Ribeiro & Santos 2010 Ribeiro-Junior, Rossi, Miranda & Avila-Pires 2011 Santos, Di-Bernardo & Lema 2008 Santos-Costa, Maschio & Prudente 2015   Taeniophallus nicagus Northern Leaf-litter Snake Avila-Pires, Hoogmoed & Rocha 2010 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Genus Tantilla (American Centipede Snakes)   Tantilla melanocephala South American Black-headed Centipede Snake Amaral 1949 Avila-Pires, Hoogmoed & Rocha 2010 Barbour 1914 [as Elapomorphus nuchalis] Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Frota, Santos, Chaldikis & Guedes 2005 Nascimento, Avila-Pires, Santos & Lima 1991 Rodrigues, Maschio & Prudente 2016 Santos-Costa, Maschio & Prudente 2015 Sawaya & Sazima 2003 Silva, Menks, Prudente, Costa, Travassos & Galatti 2011 Valls Moraes & Yuki 1998 Wilson & Mena 1980 Yuki & Santos 1998 Genus Thalesius (Guiana Green Snake)   Thalesius viridis Guiana Green Snake Avila-Pires, Hoogmoed & Rocha 2010 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 [as Xenodon werneri] Genus Thamnodynastes (South American Mock Vipers)   Thamnodynastes pallidus Common South American Mock Viper Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Trevine, Caicedo-Portilla, Hoogmoed, Thomas, Franco, Montingelli, Osorno-Munoz & Zaher 2021 Genus Xenodon (Northern Mock Lanceheads and South American Hognose Snakes)   Xenodon merremii Toad-eating Mock Lancehead Amaral 1949 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Frota, Santos, Chaldikis & Guedes 2005 Gunther 1863 Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970   Xenodon rabdocephalus Common Mock Lancehead Amaral 1949 [as colubrinus] Andrade-Lima, Freitas, Dubeux, Sales Nunes, Roberto & Carvalho Kokubum 2020 Avila-Pires 2005 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Cunha, Nascimento & Avila-Pires 1985 Frota, Santos, Chaldikis & Guedes 2005 Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 Santos-Costa, Maschio & Prudente 2015 Silva, Menks, Prudente, Costa, Travassos & Galatti 2011   Xenodon severus Giant Mock Lancehead Amaral 1949 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Cunha, Nascimento & Avila-Pires 1985 Frota, Santos, Chaldikis & Guedes 2005 Genus Xenopholis (South American Flat-headed Snakes)   Xenopholis scalaris Northern Flat-headed Snake Amaral 1949 Avila-Pires, Hoogmoed & Rocha 2010 Avila-Pires, Vitt, Sartorius & Zani 2009 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Cunha, Nascimento & Avila-Pires 1985 Frota, Santos, Chaldikis & Guedes 2005 Hamdan, Machado & Citeli 2015 Mendes-Pinto & Souza 2011 Ribeiro-Junior, Rossi, Miranda & Avila-Pires 2011 Santos-Costa, Maschio & Prudente 2015   Xenopholis undulatus Southern Flat-headed Snake Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Cunha, Nascimento & Avila-Pires 1985 Loebmann 2009 Genus Xenoxybelis (South American Vine Snakes)   Xenoxybelis argenteus Green-striped Vine Snake Amaral 1949 Avila-Pires 2005 Avila-Pires, Hoogmoed & Rocha 2010 Avila-Pires, Vitt, Sartorius & Zani 2009 Bernardo, Guerra-Fuentes, Matiazzi & Zaher 2012 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Frota, Santos, Chaldikis & Guedes 2005 Prudente, Silva, Rocha & Franco 2008 Rodrigues, Maschio & Prudente 2016 Santos-Costa, Maschio & Prudente 2015 Silva, Menks, Prudente, Costa, Travassos & Galatti 2011 Genus Zonateres (Pantanal Mock Viper)   Zonateres lanei Pantanal Mock Viper Avila-Pires, Hoogmoed & Rocha 2010 Bailey, Thomas & Silva 2005 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Franca, Franca, Roedder & Sole 2022 Franco, Trevine, Montingelli & Zaher 2017 Rodrigues, Maschio & Prudente 2016 Trevine, Caicedo-Portilla, Hoogmoed, Thomas, Franco, Montingelli, Osorno-Munoz & Zaher 2021  Family Elapidae [part 1: terrestrial species] (Cobras, Mambas, etc.) Genus Leptomicrurus (Black-backed Coral Snakes)   Leptomicrurus collaris Guianan Black-backed Coral Snake Campbell & Lamar 2004 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Hoge & Romano Hoge 1981 Genus Micrurus (American Coral Snakes)   Micrurus averyi Black-headed Coral Snake Avila-Pires, Hoogmoed & Rocha 2010 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Feitosa, Silva, Pires, Zaher & Prudente 2015 Passos 2003   Micrurus diutius Trinidad Ribbon Coral Snake Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Frota, Santos, Chaldikis & Guedes 2005   Micrurus filiformis South American Slender Coral Snake Amaral 1949 Campbell & Lamar 2004 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Frota, Santos, Chaldikis & Guedes 2005 Hoge & Romano Hoge 1981 Oliveira, Ruz & Barros 2013 Rodrigues, Maschio & Prudente 2016 Roze 1996 Santos-Costa, Maschio & Prudente 2015 Silva, Menks, Prudente, Costa, Travassos & Galatti 2011 Yuki & Santos 1998   Micrurus hemprichii Worm-eating Coral Snake Amaral 1949 Avila-Pires, Hoogmoed & Rocha 2010 Bernarde, Turci, Abegg & Franco 2018 Campbell & Lamar 2004 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 David, Dobiey & Vogel 2018 Frota, Santos, Chaldikis & Guedes 2005 Hoge & Romano Hoge 1981 Nascimento, Avila-Pires & Cunha 1987 Nascimento, Avila-Pires, Santos & Lima 1991 Nascimento, Silva, Feitosa & Prudente 2019 Rodrigues, Maschio & Prudente 2016 Roze 1996 Santos-Costa, Maschio & Prudente 2015 Silva, Menks, Prudente, Costa, Travassos & Galatti 2011   Micrurus lemniscatus Northern Ribbon Coral Snake Amaral 1949 Avila-Pires 2005 Avila-Pires, Hoogmoed & Rocha 2010 Avila-Pires, Vitt, Sartorius & Zani 2009 Campbell & Lamar 1989 Campbell & Lamar 2004 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Cunha, Nascimento & Avila-Pires 1985 Hoge & Romano Hoge 1981 Ribeiro-Junior, Rossi, Miranda & Avila-Pires 2011 Roze 1996 Santos-Costa, Maschio & Prudente 2015 Silva, Menks, Prudente, Costa, Travassos & Galatti 2011   Micrurus paraensis Para Coral Snake Avila-Pires, Hoogmoed & Rocha 2010 Campbell & Lamar 2004 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 David, Dobiey & Vogel 2018 Feitosa, Prudente & Lima 2007 Feitosa, Silva, Pires, Zaher & Prudente 2015 Frota, Santos, Chaldikis & Guedes 2005 Hoge & Romano Hoge 1981 Mendes-Pinto & Souza 2011 Nascimento, Avila Pires & Cunha 1988 Nascimento, Avila-Pires & Cunha 1987 Ribeiro-Junior, Rossi, Miranda & Avila-Pires 2011 Roze 1996 Silva, Menks, Prudente, Costa, Travassos & Galatti 2011   Micrurus psyches Carib Coral Snake Campbell & Lamar 1989 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021   Micrurus spixii Central Amazonian Coral Snake Amaral 1949 Bernardo, Guerra-Fuentes, Matiazzi & Zaher 2012 Campbell & Lamar 2004 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Cunha, Nascimento & Avila-Pires 1985 David, Dobiey & Vogel 2018 Frota, Santos, Chaldikis & Guedes 2005 Hoge & Romano Hoge 1981 Mendes-Pinto & Souza 2011 Nascimento, Avila-Pires, Santos & Lima 1991 Nascimento, Silva, Feitosa & Prudente 2019 Rodrigues, Maschio & Prudente 2016 Roze 1996   Micrurus surinamensis Amazonian Aquatic Coral Snake Amaral 1949 Avila-Pires, Hoogmoed & Rocha 2010 Campbell & Lamar 2004 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Hoge & Romano Hoge 1981 Nascimento, Silva, Feitosa & Prudente 2019 Rodrigues, Maschio & Prudente 2016 Roze 1996 Santos-Costa, Maschio & Prudente 2015 Silva, Menks, Prudente, Costa, Travassos & Galatti 2011 Yuki & Santos 1998  Family Leptotyphlopidae (Thread Snakes) Genus Epictia (Neotropical Thread Snakes)   * Epictia albifrons Yellow-headed Thread Snake Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Wallach 2016   Epictia tenella Guyana Thread Snake Francisco, Pinto & Fernandes 2012 Martins, Koch, Pinto, Folly, Fouquet & Passos 2019 Wallach 2016 Genus Siagonodon (Mandible-toothed Thread Snakes)   Siagonodon cupinensis Mato Grosso Thread Snake Avila-Pires, Hoogmoed & Rocha 2010 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Francisco, Pinto & Fernandes 2018 Pinto & Curcio 2011   Siagonodon septemstriatus Eastern Seven-lined Thread Snake Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Nascimento, Avila-Pires & Cunha 1987 Pinto & Curcio 2011 Genus Trilepida (Three-scaled Thread Snakes)   Trilepida fuliginosa Preto River Thread Snake Guedes, Queiroz, Sousa & Hamdan 2020   Trilepida macrolepis Large-scaled Thread Snake Adalsteinsson, Branch, Trape, Vitt & Hedges 2009 Avila-Pires, Vitt, Sartorius & Zani 2009 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Frota, Santos, Chaldikis & Guedes 2005 Martins, Koch, Pinto, Folly, Fouquet & Passos 2019 Mendes-Pinto & Souza 2011 Passos, Caramaschi & Pinto 2006 Pinto & Fernandes 2012 Pinto & Fernandes 2017  Family Typhlopidae (Typical Blind Snakes) Genus Amerotyphlops (American Blind Snakes)   Amerotyphlops brongersmianus Bahia Blind Snake Avila-Pires, Hoogmoed & Rocha 2010 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Dixon & Hendricks 1979 Frota, Santos, Chaldikis & Guedes 2005   Amerotyphlops minuisquamus Amazon Basin Blind Snake Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021   Amerotyphlops reticulatus Reticulated Blind Snake Amaral 1949 Avila-Pires, Vitt, Sartorius & Zani 2009 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Dixon & Hendricks 1979 Frota, Santos, Chaldikis & Guedes 2005 Nascimento, Avila-Pires & Cunha 1987 Nascimento, Avila-Pires, Santos & Lima 1991 Rodrigues, Maschio & Prudente 2016 Silva, Menks, Prudente, Costa, Travassos & Galatti 2011 Yuki & Santos 1998  Family Viperidae (Vipers) Genus Bothrocophias (Toad-headed Pitvipers)   Bothrocophias hyoprora Amazonian Toad-headed Pitviper Carvalho, Fraga, Eler, Kawashita-Ribeiro, Feldberg, Vogt, Carvalho, Noronha, Condrati & Bittencourt 2013 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Mendes-Pinto & Souza 2011 Oliveira, Araujo, Prudente, Fraga, Almeida & Ascenso 2018 Genus Bothrops (American Lanceheads)   Bothrops atrox Common Lancehead Amaral 1949 Avila-Pires 2005 Avila-Pires, Hoogmoed & Rocha 2010 Avila-Pires, Vitt, Sartorius & Zani 2009 Bernardo, Guerra-Fuentes, Matiazzi & Zaher 2012 Campbell & Lamar 2004 Carrasco, Grazziotin, Farfan, Koch, Ochoa, Scrocchi, Leynaud & Chaparro 2019 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Cunha, Nascimento & Avila-Pires 1985 David, Dobiey & Vogel 2018 Frota, Santos, Chaldikis & Guedes 2005 Hoge & Romano Hoge 1981 Mendes-Pinto & Souza 2011 Nascimento, Avila-Pires, Santos & Lima 1991 Oliveira, Ruz & Barros 2013 Rodrigues, Maschio & Prudente 2016 Santos-Costa, Maschio & Prudente 2015 Silva, Menks, Prudente, Costa, Travassos & Galatti 2011 Yuki & Santos 1998   Bothrops bilineatus Two-striped Forest Pitviper Avila-Pires, Vitt, Sartorius & Zani 2009 Bernarde, Costa, Machado & Avelar Sao Pedro 2011 Campbell & Lamar 2004 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Cunha, Nascimento & Avila-Pires 1985 Frota, Santos, Chaldikis & Guedes 2005 Hoge & Romano Hoge 1981 Vechio, Prates, Grazziotin, Graboski & Rodrigues 2021   Bothrops brazili Southern Velvety Lancehead Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Cunha, Nascimento & Avila-Pires 1985 David, Dobiey & Vogel 2018 Santos-Costa, Maschio & Prudente 2015 Vechio, Prates, Grazziotin, Graboski & Rodrigues 2021   Bothrops marajoensis Marajo Lancehead Campbell & Lamar 2004 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 David, Dobiey & Vogel 2018 Hoge & Romano Hoge 1981 Nascimento, Avila-Pires, Santos & Lima 1991 Rodrigues, Maschio & Prudente 2016 Yuki & Santos 1998   Bothrops oligobalius Northern Velvety Lancehead Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Vechio, Prates, Grazziotin, Graboski & Rodrigues 2021   Bothrops taeniatus Speckled Forest Pitviper Amaral 1949 [as castelnaudi] Avila-Pires, Hoogmoed & Rocha 2010 Avila-Pires, Vitt, Sartorius & Zani 2009 Carrasco, Grazziotin, Farfan, Koch, Ochoa, Scrocchi, Leynaud & Chaparro 2019 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Cunha, Nascimento & Avila-Pires 1985 [as castelnaudi] Frota, Santos, Chaldikis & Guedes 2005 Hoge & Romano Hoge 1981 [as B. castelnaudi] Mendes-Pinto & Souza 2011 Souza, Venancio, Freitas, Souza & Verissimo 2013 Vechio, Prates, Grazziotin, Graboski & Rodrigues 2021 Genus Crotalus (Typical Rattlesnakes)   Crotalus durissus South American Rattlesnake Amaral 1949 Avila-Pires 2005 Campbell & Lamar 2004 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Frota, Santos, Chaldikis & Guedes 2005 Hoge & Romano Hoge 1981 Nascimento, Avila-Pires, Santos & Lima 1991 Rodrigues, Maschio & Prudente 2016 Yuki & Santos 1998 Genus Lachesis (Bushmasters)   Lachesis muta South American Bushmaster Amaral 1949 Avila-Pires, Hoogmoed & Rocha 2010 Barrio-Amoros, Corrales, Rodriguez, Culebras, Dwyer & Flores 2020 Campbell & Lamar 2004 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Cunha, Nascimento & Avila-Pires 1985 David, Dobiey & Vogel 2018 Fernandes, Franco & Fernandes 2004 Frota, Santos, Chaldikis & Guedes 2005 Hoge & Romano Hoge 1981 Nascimento, Avila-Pires, Santos & Lima 1991 Rodrigues, Maschio & Prudente 2016 Yuki & Santos 1998

	Turtles (Testudines)
	= endemicEX = extinct or assumed extinct Species References  Family Chelidae (Austro-American Side-necked Turtles) Genus Chelus (Matamatas)   Chelus fimbriata Southern Matamata Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Lima Silveira 2011 Nascimento, Avila-Pires, Santos & Lima 1991 Pritchard 2008 Rhodin, Iverson, Bour, Fritz, Georges, Shaffer & Dijk 2021 Vargas-Ramirez, Caballero, Morales-Betancourt, Lasso, Amaya, Martinez, Silva Viana, Vogt, Pires Farias, Hrbek, Campbell & Fritz 2020 Genus Mesoclemmys (Hump-backed Toad-headed Turtles)   Mesoclemmys gibba Gibba Toad-headed Turtle Avila-Pires, Hoogmoed & Rocha 2010 Brito, Fagundes, Strussmann, Pignati & Vogt 2012 Brito, Strussmann, Kawashita-Ribeiro, Morais, Avila & Campos 2012 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Lima Silveira 2011 Mittermeier, Rhodin, Medem, Soini, Hoogmoed & Espinoza 1978 Nascimento, Avila-Pires, Santos & Lima 1991 Rhodin, Iverson, Bour, Fritz, Georges, Shaffer & Dijk 2021   * Mesoclemmys jurutiensis Juruti Toad-headed Turtle Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Cunha, Sampaio, Carneiro & Vogt 2021   Mesoclemmys nasuta Guianan Toad-headed Turtle Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Rhodin, Iverson, Bour, Fritz, Georges, Shaffer & Dijk 2021   Mesoclemmys raniceps Amazon Toad-headed Turtle Avila-Pires 2005 Balensiefer & Vogt 2012 Brito, Martins Valadao, Cunha, Araujo, Viana & Fernandes Medice 2019 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Fritz & Havas 2006 Molina, Machado & Zaher 2012 [as heliostemma] Rhodin, Iverson, Bour, Fritz, Georges, Shaffer & Dijk 2021 Wermuth & Mertens 1977   * Mesoclemmys sabiniparaensis Araguaia Toad-headed Turtle Cunha, Sampaio, Carneiro, Vogt, Mittermeier, Rhodin & Andrade 2022   Mesoclemmys wermuthi Black-lined Toad-headed Turtle Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Rhodin, Iverson, Bour, Fritz, Georges, Shaffer & Dijk 2021 Genus Phrynops (Lesser Toad-headed Turtles)   Phrynops geoffroanus Brazilian Toad-headed Turtle Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Cunha, Nascimento & Avila-Pires 1985 Rhodin, Iverson, Bour, Fritz, Georges, Shaffer & Dijk 2021 Vanzolini 1994 Genus Platemys (Twist-necked Turtle)   Platemys platycephala Twist-necked Turtle Avila-Pires, Hoogmoed & Rocha 2010 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Mendes-Pinto & Souza 2011 Morcatty, Valsecchi & Rocha 2014 Nascimento, Avila-Pires, Santos & Lima 1991 Rhodin, Iverson, Bour, Fritz, Georges, Shaffer & Dijk 2021 Genus Rhinemys (Red Amazon Side-necked Turtle)   Rhinemys rufipes Red Amazon Side-necked Turtle Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Magnusson & Vogt 2014 Rhodin, Iverson, Bour, Fritz, Georges, Shaffer & Dijk 2021  Family Cheloniidae (Hard-shelled Sea Turtles) Genus Caretta (Loggerhead Sea Turtle)   Caretta caretta Loggerhead Sea Turtle Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Santos, Soares-e-Soares, Marcovaldi, Silveira-Monteiro, Giffoni & Padua-Almeida 2011 Genus Chelonia (Green Sea Turtle)   Chelonia mydas Green Sea Turtle Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Nascimento, Avila-Pires, Santos & Lima 1991 Pritchard 1979 Genus Eretmochelys (Hawksbill Sea Turtle)   Eretmochelys imbricata Hawksbill Sea Turtle Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Genus Lepidochelys (Ridley Sea Turtles)   Lepidochelys olivacea Olive Ridley Sea Turtle Castilhos, Coelho, Argolo, Santos, Marcovaldi, Santos & Lopez 2011 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Nascimento, Avila-Pires, Santos & Lima 1991  Family Dermochelyidae (Leatherback Sea Turtle) Genus Dermochelys (Leatherback Sea Turtle)   Dermochelys coriacea Leatherback Sea Turtle Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Nascimento, Avila-Pires, Santos & Lima 1991 Padua-Almeida, Thome, Baptistotte, Marcovaldi, Santos & Lopez 2011  Family Geoemydidae (Eastern Pond Turtles) Genus Rhinoclemmys (Neotropical Wood Turtles)   Rhinoclemmys punctularia Eastern Spotted-legged Turtle Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Cunha, Nascimento & Avila-Pires 1985 Dornas, Malvasio & Pinheiro 2011 Mendes-Pinto & Souza 2011 Nascimento, Avila-Pires, Santos & Lima 1991 Pritchard 1979 Rhodin, Iverson, Bour, Fritz, Georges, Shaffer & Dijk 2021  Family Kinosternidae (American Mud and Musk Turtles) Genus Kinosternon (American Mud Turtles)   Kinosternon scorpioides Scorpion Mud Turtle Berry & Iverson 2011 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Cunha, Nascimento & Avila-Pires 1985 Iverson 1992 Nascimento, Avila-Pires, Santos & Lima 1991 Rhodin, Iverson, Bour, Fritz, Georges, Shaffer & Dijk 2021  Family Podocnemididae (Giant Side-necked Turtles) Genus Peltocephalus (Big-headed Amazon River Turtle)   Peltocephalus dumerilianus Big-headed Amazon River Turtle Avila-Pires 2005 Batista Dezincourt & Rodriques Maia 2004 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Nascimento, Avila-Pires, Santos & Lima 1991 Rhodin, Iverson, Bour, Fritz, Georges, Shaffer & Dijk 2021 Genus Podocnemis (South American Side-necked River Turtles)   Podocnemis erythrocephala Red-headed Amazon River Turtle Avila-Pires 2005 Avila-Pires, Hoogmoed & Rocha 2010 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 McCord & Joseph-Ouni 2002 Mittermeier, Vogt, Bernhard & Ferrara 2015 Pritchard 1979 Rhodin, Iverson, Bour, Fritz, Georges, Shaffer & Dijk 2021 Vogt & al. 1991   Podocnemis expansa Giant South American River Turtle Alves & Santana 2008 Avila-Pires 2005 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Nascimento, Avila-Pires, Santos & Lima 1991 Rhodin, Iverson, Bour, Fritz, Georges, Shaffer & Dijk 2021   Podocnemis sextuberculata Six-tubercled Amazon River Turtle Avila-Pires 2005 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 McCord & Joseph-Ouni 2002 Rhodin, Iverson, Bour, Fritz, Georges, Shaffer & Dijk 2021   Podocnemis unifilis Yellow-spotted Amazon River Turtle Avila-Pires 2005 Bernardo, Guerra-Fuentes, Matiazzi & Zaher 2012 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Cunha, Nascimento & Avila-Pires 1985 Haller & Rodrigues 2005 Nascimento, Avila-Pires, Santos & Lima 1991 Pignati, Dattilo & Pezzuti 2011 Rhodin, Iverson, Bour, Fritz, Georges, Shaffer & Dijk 2021  Family Testudinidae (Tortoises) Genus Chelonoidis (South American Tortoises)   Chelonoidis carbonarius South American Red-footed Tortoise Avila-Pires, Hoogmoed & Rocha 2010 Bernardo, Guerra-Fuentes, Matiazzi & Zaher 2012 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Mendes-Pinto & Souza 2011 Rhodin, Iverson, Bour, Fritz, Georges, Shaffer & Dijk 2021 Silva Pinto & Yuki 1999   Chelonoidis denticulatus South American Yellow-footed Tortoise Avila-Pires 2005 Avila-Pires, Hoogmoed & Rocha 2010 Bernardo, Guerra-Fuentes, Matiazzi & Zaher 2012 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Cunha, Nascimento & Avila-Pires 1985 Mendes-Pinto & Souza 2011 Nascimento, Avila-Pires, Santos & Lima 1991 Rhodin, Iverson, Bour, Fritz, Georges, Shaffer & Dijk 2021