Reptiles of Guyana    Bibliography of the reptiles of Guyana Taxonomic history of the reptiles of Guyana Introduced species

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Citation: Midtgaard, Rune. RepFocus - A Survey of the Reptiles of the World. www.repfocus.dk (Compilation date: 14th April, 2023).

Checklist General remarks: The list includes only formally described species. Newly discovered, but still unnamed species are excluded. However, unnamed species or species unassigned to species level are included, if they are the only representatives of their genus in the region. Species counts exclude extinct and introduced species. Doubtful records, typically older voucher specimens of uncertain origin, have been excluded if considered questionable, as are records based on sources considered unreliable or controversial. Note: Your comments to the checklist (omissions, errors, etc.) are welcomed, preferably if they are provided with reliable references. If possible, please attach a pdf file of the relevant reference to an email addressed to:

	Worm Lizards (Amphisbaenia)
	= endemicEX = extinct or assumed extinct Species References  Family Amphisbaenidae (Typical Worm Lizards) Genus Amphisbaena (Neotropical Worm Lizards)   Amphisbaena alba Common Red Worm Lizard Avila-Pires 2005 Cole, Townsend, Reynolds, MacCulloch & Lathrop 2013 Gans 1962 Reynolds, MacCulloch, Tamessar, Watson, Cole & Townsend 2008   Amphisbaena fuliginosa Spotted Worm Lizard Avila-Pires 2005 Beebe 1945 Cole, Townsend, Reynolds, MacCulloch & Lathrop 2013 Donnelly, Chen & Watkins 2005 Parker 1935 Reynolds, MacCulloch, Tamessar, Watson, Cole & Townsend 2008 Roberto, Muniz Silva, Pinto & Avila 2021 Vanzolini 1951 Vanzolini 2002   * Amphisbaena stejnegeri Demerara Worm Lizard Avila-Pires 2005 Cole, Townsend, Reynolds, MacCulloch & Lathrop 2013 Gans 1967 Gans 2005 Hoogmoed 1973 Peters & Donoso-Barros 1970   Amphisbaena vanzolinii Marudi Worm Lizard Avila-Pires 2005 Cole, Townsend, Reynolds, MacCulloch & Lathrop 2013 Gans 1967 Gans 2005 Hoogmoed 1973 Peters & Donoso-Barros 1970 Reynolds, MacCulloch, Tamessar, Watson, Cole & Townsend 2008 Sponga & Gans 1971

	Crocodilians (Crocodylia)
	= endemicEX = extinct or assumed extinct Species References  Family Alligatoridae (Alligators and Caimans) Genus Caiman (Typical Caimans)   Caiman crocodilus Common Caiman Avila-Pires 2005 Busack & Pandya 2001 Cole, Townsend, Reynolds, MacCulloch & Lathrop 2013 Donnelly, Chen & Watkins 2005 King & Burke 1989 Reynolds, MacCulloch, Tamessar, Watson, Cole & Townsend 2008 Genus Melanosuchus (Black Caiman)   Melanosuchus niger Black Caiman Avila-Pires 2005 Cole, Townsend, Reynolds, MacCulloch & Lathrop 2013 Donnelly, Chen & Watkins 2005 King & Burke 1989 Medem 1963 Reynolds, MacCulloch, Tamessar, Watson, Cole & Townsend 2008 Vasquez 1991 Genus Paleosuchus (Dwarf Caimans)   Paleosuchus palpebrosus Cayenne Dwarf Caiman Avila-Pires 2005 Cole, Townsend, Reynolds, MacCulloch & Lathrop 2013 Donnelly, Chen & Watkins 2005 King & Burke 1989 Reynolds, MacCulloch, Tamessar, Watson, Cole & Townsend 2008 Wermuth & Mertens 1977   Paleosuchus trigonatus Northwestern Dwarf Caiman Avila-Pires 2005 Cole, Townsend, Reynolds, MacCulloch & Lathrop 2013 King & Burke 1989 Pritchard 1995 Reynolds, MacCulloch, Tamessar, Watson, Cole & Townsend 2008

	Lizards (Sauria)
	= endemicEX = extinct or assumed extinct Species References  Family Alopoglossidae (Fold-tongued Spectacled Tejus) Genus Alopoglossus (Western Shade Tejus)   Alopoglossus angulatus Surinam Shade Teju Avila-Pires 1995 Avila-Pires 2005 Cole, Townsend, Reynolds, MacCulloch & Lathrop 2013 Hoogmoed 1973 Koehler, Diethert & Vesely 2012 Peters & Donoso-Barros 1970 [as A. carinicaudatus] Reynolds, MacCulloch, Tamessar, Watson, Cole & Townsend 2008 Ribeiro-Junior & Amaral 2017 Ribeiro-Junior 2018 Ribeiro-Junior, Choueri, Lobos, Venegas, Torres-Carvajal & Werneck 2020   Alopoglossus brevifrontalis Rio Pastaza Shade Teju Cole, Townsend, Reynolds, MacCulloch & Lathrop 2013 Peloso & Avila-Pires 2010  Family Anolidae (Anoles) Genus Dactyloa (Fringe-toed Anoles)   Dactyloa punctata Blue-spotted Green Anole Avila-Pires 2005 Beebe 1944 Cole, Townsend, Reynolds, MacCulloch & Lathrop 2013 Hoogmoed 1973 MacCulloch & Reynolds 2012 Parker 1935 Reynolds, MacCulloch, Tamessar, Watson, Cole & Townsend 2008 Ribeiro-Junior & Amaral 2016 Ribeiro-Junior 2015 Genus Norops (Brilliant Anoles)   Norops auratus Surinam Grass Anole Avila-Pires 1995 Avila-Pires 2005 Cole, Townsend, Reynolds, MacCulloch & Lathrop 2013 Hoogmoed 1973 MacCulloch & Reynolds 2012 Reynolds, MacCulloch, Tamessar, Watson, Cole & Townsend 2008 Ribeiro-Junior & Amaral 2016 Ribeiro-Junior 2015   Norops chrysolepis Greater Golden-scaled Anole Avila-Pires 1995 [as nitens] Beebe 1944 [as nitens] Cole, Townsend, Reynolds, MacCulloch & Lathrop 2013 D'Angiolella, Gamble, Avila-Pires, Colli, Noonan & Vitt 2011 Donnelly, Chen & Watkins 2005 [as nitens] Parker 1935 Peters & Donoso-Barros 1970 [as nitens] Reynolds, MacCulloch, Tamessar, Watson, Cole & Townsend 2008 Ribeiro-Junior & Amaral 2016 Ribeiro-Junior 2015   Norops fuscoauratus Lichen-coloured Anole Avila-Pires 1995 Avila-Pires 2005 Beebe 1944 Cole, Townsend, Reynolds, MacCulloch & Lathrop 2013 Hoogmoed 1973 Parker 1935 Reynolds, MacCulloch, Tamessar, Watson, Cole & Townsend 2008 Ribeiro-Junior & Amaral 2016 Ribeiro-Junior 2015 Sousa & Freire 2010   Norops ortonii Amazon Bark Anole Avila-Pires 1995 Avila-Pires 2005 Cole, Townsend, Reynolds, MacCulloch & Lathrop 2013 Donnelly, Chen & Watkins 2005 Hoogmoed 1973 Parker 1935 Reynolds, MacCulloch, Tamessar, Watson, Cole & Townsend 2008 Ribeiro-Junior & Amaral 2016 Ribeiro-Junior 2015   Norops planiceps Orange-fanned Leaf-litter Anole Cole, Townsend, Reynolds, MacCulloch & Lathrop 2013 D'Angiolella, Gamble, Avila-Pires, Colli, Noonan & Vitt 2011 Peters & Donoso-Barros 1970 Reynolds & MacCulloch 2012 Ribeiro-Junior & Amaral 2016 Ribeiro-Junior 2015  Family Gekkonidae (Typical Geckos) Genus Hemidactylus (Half-toed Geckos)   Hemidactylus palaichthus Guyana Half-toed Gecko Avila-Pires 1995 Avila-Pires 2005 Cole, Townsend, Reynolds, MacCulloch & Lathrop 2013 Hoogmoed 1973 Powell 1990 Reynolds, MacCulloch, Tamessar, Watson, Cole & Townsend 2008 Ribeiro-Junior & Amaral 2016 Ribeiro-Junior 2015  Family Gymnophthalmidae (Scaly-tongued Spectacled Tejus) Genus Anadia (Smooth-scaled Spectacled Tejus)   Anadia escalerae Bolivar Smooth-scaled Teju Kok, Means & Rivas 2013 [as "cf. escalerae"] Genus Arthrosaura (Creek Tejus)   Arthrosaura reticulata Western Creek Teju Avila-Pires 1995 Avila-Pires 2005 Cole, Townsend, Reynolds, MacCulloch & Lathrop 2013 Hoogmoed & Avila-Pires 1992 Reynolds, MacCulloch, Tamessar, Watson, Cole & Townsend 2008 Ribeiro-Junior & Amaral 2016 Ribeiro-Junior & Amaral 2017 Genus Bachia (Earless Tejus)   Bachia flavescens Guiana Earless Teju Avila-Pires 1995 Avila-Pires 2005 Cole, Townsend, Reynolds, MacCulloch & Lathrop 2013 Dixon 1973 Donnelly, Chen & Watkins 2005 Hoogmoed 1973 Peters & Donoso-Barros 1970 Reynolds, MacCulloch, Tamessar, Watson, Cole & Townsend 2008 Ribeiro-Junior & Amaral 2016 Ribeiro-Junior & Amaral 2017 [as "B. flavescens complex"]   Bachia monodactyla One-toed Earless Teju Dixon 1973 Peters & Donoso-Barros 1970   Bachia parkeri Chenapowu River Earless Teju Dixon 1973 Peters & Donoso-Barros 1970 Genus Cercosaura (Eastern Shade Tejus)   Cercosaura argulus White-lipped Shade Teju Avila-Pires 2005 Cole, Townsend, Reynolds, MacCulloch & Lathrop 2013 Doan & Lamar 2012 Reynolds, MacCulloch, Tamessar, Watson, Cole & Townsend 2008 Ribeiro-Junior & Amaral 2016 Ribeiro-Junior & Amaral 2017   Cercosaura ocellata Ocellated Shade Teju Avila-Pires 1995 Avila-Pires 2005 Cole, Townsend, Reynolds, MacCulloch & Lathrop 2013 Dantas Sales, Silva Jorge, Meira-Ribeiro & Xavier Freire 2014 Doan & Lamar 2012 Donnelly, Chen & Watkins 2005 Hoogmoed 1973 MacCulloch & Reynolds 2012 Parker 1935 Peters & Donoso-Barros 1970 Reynolds, MacCulloch, Tamessar, Watson, Cole & Townsend 2008 Ribeiro-Junior & Amaral 2016 Ribeiro-Junior & Amaral 2017 Sturaro, Rodrigues, Colli, Knowles & Avila-Pires 2018 Genus Gymnophthalmus (Snake-eyed Tejus)   Gymnophthalmus leucomystax White Snake-eyed Teju Avila-Pires 2005 Cole, Townsend, Reynolds, MacCulloch & Lathrop 2013 Recoder, Vechio, Marques-Souza, Teixeira, Silva-da-Silva, Santos Junior, Ribeiro, Barrio-Amoros & Rodrigues 2018 Reynolds, MacCulloch, Tamessar, Watson, Cole & Townsend 2008 Ribeiro-Junior & Amaral 2016 Ribeiro-Junior & Amaral 2017   Gymnophthalmus underwoodi Smooth-scaled Snake-eyed Teju Avila-Pires 1995 Avila-Pires 2005 Cole, Dessauer & Markezich 1993 Cole, Dessauer, Townsend & Arnold 1990 Cole, Townsend, Reynolds, MacCulloch & Lathrop 2013 Hoogmoed 1973 Reynolds, MacCulloch, Tamessar, Watson, Cole & Townsend 2008 Ribeiro-Junior & Amaral 2016 Ribeiro-Junior & Amaral 2017 Snyder, Schmidt, McMullin, Parker & Ferus 2017   Gymnophthalmus vanzoi Roraima Snake-eyed Teju Avila-Pires 2005 Cole, Townsend, Reynolds, MacCulloch & Lathrop 2013 Recoder, Vechio, Marques-Souza, Teixeira, Silva-da-Silva, Santos Junior, Ribeiro, Barrio-Amoros & Rodrigues 2018 Reynolds, MacCulloch, Tamessar, Watson, Cole & Townsend 2008 Ribeiro-Junior & Amaral 2017 Genus Iphisa (Glossy Shade Teju)   Iphisa elegans Glossy Shade Teju Andrade, Santos, Kawashita-Ribeiro & Vaz-Silva 2013 Avila-Pires 1995 Avila-Pires 2005 Cole, Townsend, Reynolds, MacCulloch & Lathrop 2013 Dixon 1974 Donnelly, Chen & Watkins 2005 Hoogmoed 1973 Reynolds, MacCulloch, Tamessar, Watson, Cole & Townsend 2008 Ribeiro-Junior & Amaral 2016 Ribeiro-Junior & Amaral 2017 Genus Kaieteurosaurus (Kaieteur Spectacled Teju)   * Kaieteurosaurus hindsi Kaieteur Spectacled Teju Cole, Townsend, Reynolds, MacCulloch & Lathrop 2013 Kok 2005 Genus Loxopholis (Western Root Tejus)   Loxopholis guianensis Guyana Root Teju Avila-Pires 1995 Avila-Pires 2005 Cole, Townsend, Reynolds, MacCulloch & Lathrop 2013 Hoogmoed 1973 Peters & Donoso-Barros 1970 Reynolds, MacCulloch, Tamessar, Watson, Cole & Townsend 2008 Ribeiro-Junior & Amaral 2016 Ribeiro-Junior & Amaral 2017 Uzzell & Barry 1971   Loxopholis percarinata Striped Root Teju Avila-Pires 1995 Avila-Pires 2005 Brunes, Silva, Marques-Souza, Rodrigues & Pellegrino 2019 Cole, Townsend, Reynolds, MacCulloch & Lathrop 2013 Donnelly, Chen & Watkins 2005 Hoogmoed 1973 Marques Souza, Pellegrino, Sales Nunes, Teixeira Junior, Gordo, Carvalho, Almeida, Oliveira, Frazao, Hrbek, Pires Farias & Rodrigues 2015 Peters & Donoso-Barros 1970 Reynolds & MacCulloch 2012 Reynolds, MacCulloch, Tamessar, Watson, Cole & Townsend 2008 Ribeiro-Junior & Amaral 2016 Ribeiro-Junior & Amaral 2017 Uzzell & Barry 1971 Genus Neusticurus (Guianan Water Tejus)   Neusticurus bicarinatus Two-keeled Water Teju Avila-Pires 1995 Avila-Pires 2005 Cole, Townsend, Reynolds, MacCulloch & Lathrop 2013 Hoogmoed 1973 Kok, Bittenbinder, Berg, Souza, Nunes, Laking, Teixeira Junior, Fouquet, Means, MacCulloch & Rodrigues 2018 Marques-Souza, Prates, Fouquet, Camacho, Kok, Nunes, Vechio, Recoder, Mejia, Teixeira-Junior, Barrio-Amoros, Cassimiro, Lima, Sena & Rodrigues 2018 Peters & Donoso-Barros 1970 Reynolds, MacCulloch, Tamessar, Watson, Cole & Townsend 2008 Ribeiro-Junior & Amaral 2016 Ribeiro-Junior & Amaral 2017 Uzzell 1966   Neusticurus rudis Brown Water Teju Avila-Pires 1995 Avila-Pires 2005 Beebe 1945 Cole, Townsend, Reynolds, MacCulloch & Lathrop 2013 Donnelly, Chen & Watkins 2005 Hoogmoed 1973 Kok, Bittenbinder, Berg, Souza, Nunes, Laking, Teixeira Junior, Fouquet, Means, MacCulloch & Rodrigues 2018 Marques-Souza, Prates, Fouquet, Camacho, Kok, Nunes, Vechio, Recoder, Mejia, Teixeira-Junior, Barrio-Amoros, Cassimiro, Lima, Sena & Rodrigues 2018 Peters & Donoso-Barros 1970 Reynolds, MacCulloch, Tamessar, Watson, Cole & Townsend 2008 Ribeiro-Junior & Amaral 2016 Ribeiro-Junior & Amaral 2017 Uzzell 1966 Genus Pantepuisaurus (Mount Maringma Spectacled Teju)   * Pantepuisaurus rodriguesi Mount Maringma Spectacled Teju Cole, Townsend, Reynolds, MacCulloch & Lathrop 2013 Kok 2009 Genus Rheosaurus (Guyana Rough Teju)   * Rheosaurus sulcarostrum Guyana Rough Teju Cole, Townsend, Reynolds, MacCulloch & Lathrop 2013 Donnelly, MacCulloch, Ugarte & Kizirian 2006 Reynolds & MacCulloch 2012 Torres-Carvajal, Lobos, Venegas, Chavez, Aguirre-Penafiel, Zurita & Echevarria 2016 Vasquez-Restrepo, Ibanez, Sanchez-Pacheco & Daza 2020 Genus Riolama (Tepui Spectacled Tejus)   Riolama leucosticta White-spotted Tepui Teju Kok 2015 Genus Tretioscincus (Skink Tejus)   Tretioscincus agilis Agile Skink Teju Avila-Pires 1995 Avila-Pires 2005 Cole, Townsend, Reynolds, MacCulloch & Lathrop 2013 Hoogmoed 1973 Peters & Donoso-Barros 1970 Genus Yanomamia (Tepui Root Tejus)   * Yanomamia guianensis Pakaraima Mountains Root Teju Avila-Pires 2005 Cole, Townsend, Reynolds, MacCulloch & Lathrop 2013 MacCulloch & Lathrop 2001 Reynolds, MacCulloch, Tamessar, Watson, Cole & Townsend 2008   * Yanomamia hoogmoedi Mount Maringma Root Teju Cole, Townsend, Reynolds, MacCulloch & Lathrop 2013 Kok 2008  Family Iguanidae (Greater Iguanas) Genus Iguana (Green Iguanas)   Iguana iguana South American Green Iguana Avila-Pires 2005 Beebe 1944 Cole, Townsend, Reynolds, MacCulloch & Lathrop 2013 Donnelly, Chen & Watkins 2005 Hoogmoed 1973 Parker 1935 Reynolds, MacCulloch, Tamessar, Watson, Cole & Townsend 2008 Ribeiro-Junior & Amaral 2016 Ribeiro-Junior 2015  Family Phyllodactylidae (Leaf-toed Geckos) Genus Thecadactylus (Turnip-tailed Geckos)   Thecadactylus rapicauda Northern Turnip-tailed Gecko Avila-Pires 1995 Avila-Pires 2005 Bergmann & Russell 2007 Cole, Townsend, Reynolds, MacCulloch & Lathrop 2013 Donnelly, Chen & Watkins 2005 Hoogmoed 1973 Mertens 1972 Parker 1935 Reynolds, MacCulloch, Tamessar, Watson, Cole & Townsend 2008 Ribeiro-Junior & Amaral 2016 Ribeiro-Junior 2015 Vanzolini 1968 Wermuth 1965  Family Polychrotidae (Monkey Lizards) Genus Polychrus (Monkey Lizards)   Polychrus marmoratus Marbled Monkey Lizard Avila-Pires 1995 Avila-Pires 2005 Beebe 1944 Cole, Townsend, Reynolds, MacCulloch & Lathrop 2013 Hoogmoed 1973 Murphy, Lehtinen, Charles, Wasserman, Anton & Brennan 2017 Parker 1935 Reynolds, MacCulloch, Tamessar, Watson, Cole & Townsend 2008 Ribeiro-Junior & Amaral 2016 Ribeiro-Junior 2015 Torres-Carvajal, Koch, Venegas & Poe 2017  Family Scincidae (Skinks) Genus Copeoglossum (Neotropical Spotted Skinks)   Copeoglossum nigropunctatum Black-spotted Skink Avila-Pires 2005 Beebe 1945 [as Mabuya mabouya] Cole, Townsend, Reynolds, MacCulloch & Lathrop 2013 Donnelly, Chen & Watkins 2005 Hedges & Conn 2012 MacCulloch & Reynolds 2012 Miralles & Carranza 2010 Miralles, Barrio-Amoros, Rivas & Chaparro-Auza 2006 Miralles, Rivas-Fuenmayor & Barrio-Amoros 2005 Parker 1935 [as Mabuya mabouya] Reynolds & MacCulloch 2012 Reynolds, MacCulloch, Tamessar, Watson, Cole & Townsend 2008 [as Mabuya bistriata] Ribeiro-Junior & Amaral 2016  Family Sphaerodactylidae (Least Geckos, etc.) Genus Chatogekko (Pug-nosed Dwarf Gecko)   Chatogekko amazonicus Pug-nosed Dwarf Gecko Avila-Pires 1995 Avila-Pires 2005 Cole, Townsend, Reynolds, MacCulloch & Lathrop 2013 Gamble, Daza, Colli, Vitt & Bauer 2011 Hoogmoed 1973 Peters & Donoso-Barros 1970 Reynolds, MacCulloch, Tamessar, Watson, Cole & Townsend 2008 Ribeiro-Junior & Amaral 2016 Ribeiro-Junior 2015 Vanzolini 1968 Genus Coleodactylus (Sheath-toed Pygmy Geckos)   Coleodactylus septentrionalis Northern Pygmy Gecko Avila-Pires 1995 Avila-Pires 2005 Cole, Townsend, Reynolds, MacCulloch & Lathrop 2013 Donnelly, Chen & Watkins 2005 Reynolds, MacCulloch, Tamessar, Watson, Cole & Townsend 2008 Ribeiro-Junior & Amaral 2016 Ribeiro-Junior 2015 Genus Gonatodes (American Padless Geckos)   Gonatodes alexandermendesi Kaieteur Padless Gecko Cole & Kok 2006 Cole, Townsend, Reynolds, MacCulloch & Lathrop 2013 Kok 2011   Gonatodes annularis Ringed Padless Gecko Avila-Pires 1995 Avila-Pires 2005 Cole, Townsend, Reynolds, MacCulloch & Lathrop 2013 Hoogmoed 1973 Parker 1935 Reynolds & MacCulloch 2012 Reynolds, MacCulloch, Tamessar, Watson, Cole & Townsend 2008 Ribeiro-Junior & Amaral 2016 Ribeiro-Junior 2015 Wermuth 1965   Gonatodes humeralis Bridled Forest Gecko Avila-Pires 1995 Avila-Pires 2005 Cole, Townsend, Reynolds, MacCulloch & Lathrop 2013 Donnelly, Chen & Watkins 2005 Hoogmoed 1973 Kok 2011 Parker 1935 Reynolds & MacCulloch 2012 Reynolds, MacCulloch, Tamessar, Watson, Cole & Townsend 2008 Ribeiro-Junior & Amaral 2016 Ribeiro-Junior 2015 Vanzolini 1968   * Gonatodes timidus Iwokrama Padless Gecko Cole, Townsend, Reynolds, MacCulloch & Lathrop 2013 Kok 2011   Gonatodes vittatus White-banded Padless Gecko Cole, Townsend, Reynolds, MacCulloch & Lathrop 2013 Meilink, Clegg, Mayerl, Pinto, Grasso, Stegen, Segan & Kok 2013 Reynolds, MacCulloch, Tamessar, Watson, Cole & Townsend 2008 Genus Pseudogonatodes (South American Pygmy Geckos)   Pseudogonatodes guianensis Amazon Pygmy Gecko Avila-Pires 1995 Avila-Pires 2005 Cole, Townsend, Reynolds, MacCulloch & Lathrop 2013 Donnelly, Chen & Watkins 2005 Hoogmoed 1973 Parker 1935 Peters & Donoso-Barros 1970 Reynolds, MacCulloch, Tamessar, Watson, Cole & Townsend 2008 Ribeiro-Junior & Amaral 2016 Ribeiro-Junior 2015 Wermuth 1965 Genus Sphaerodactylus (Least Geckos)   Sphaerodactylus molei Trinidad Speckled Least Gecko Avila-Pires 2005 Cole, Townsend, Reynolds, MacCulloch & Lathrop 2013 Harris & Kluge 1984 Hoogmoed 1973 Reynolds, MacCulloch, Tamessar, Watson, Cole & Townsend 2008 Wermuth 1965  Family Teiidae (Greater Tejus) Genus Ameiva (South American Ameivas)   Ameiva ameiva South American Giant Ameiva Avila-Pires 1995 Avila-Pires 2005 Beebe 1945 Cole, Townsend, Reynolds, MacCulloch & Lathrop 2013 Donnelly, Chen & Watkins 2005 Hoogmoed 1973 MacCulloch & Reynolds 2012 Parker 1935 Peters & Donoso-Barros 1970 Reynolds & MacCulloch 2012 Reynolds, MacCulloch, Tamessar, Watson, Cole & Townsend 2008 Ribeiro-Junior & Amaral 2016 Genus Cnemidophorus (Southern Whiptails)   Cnemidophorus lemniscatus Rainbow Whiptail Avila-Pires 2005 Cole & Dessauer 1993 Cole, Townsend, Reynolds, MacCulloch & Lathrop 2013 MacCulloch & Reynolds 2012 Markezich, Cole & Dessauer 1997 McCranie & Hedges 2013 Reynolds, MacCulloch, Tamessar, Watson, Cole & Townsend 2008 Ribeiro-Junior & Amaral 2016 Genus Kentropyx (Spurred Whiptails)   Kentropyx borckiana Guyana Whiptail Avila-Pires 2005 Cole, Townsend, Reynolds, MacCulloch & Lathrop 2013 Gallagher & Dixon 1992 Harvey, Ugueto & Gutberlet 2012 Hoogmoed 1973 Reynolds, MacCulloch, Tamessar, Watson, Cole & Townsend 2008   Kentropyx calcarata Striped Forest Whiptail Avila-Pires 1995 Avila-Pires 2005 Cole, Townsend, Reynolds, MacCulloch & Lathrop 2013 Donnelly, Chen & Watkins 2005 Gallagher & Dixon 1992 Parker 1935 Reynolds & MacCulloch 2012 Reynolds, MacCulloch, Tamessar, Watson, Cole & Townsend 2008 Ribeiro-Junior & Amaral 2016   Kentropyx striata Surinam Striped Whiptail Avila-Pires 1995 Avila-Pires 2005 Cole, Townsend, Reynolds, MacCulloch & Lathrop 2013 Gallagher & Dixon 1992 Hoogmoed 1973 MacCulloch & Reynolds 2012 Reynolds, MacCulloch, Tamessar, Watson, Cole & Townsend 2008 Ribeiro-Junior & Amaral 2016 Genus Tupinambis (Northern Tejus)   Tupinambis cryptus Northern Black-and-White Teju Murphy, Jowers, Lehtinen, Charles, Colli, Peres, Hendry & Pyron 2016 Silva, Ribeiro-Junior & Avila-Pires 2018   Tupinambis teguixin Amazonian Black-and-White Teju Avila-Pires 1995 Avila-Pires 2005 Cole, Townsend, Reynolds, MacCulloch & Lathrop 2013 Donnelly, Chen & Watkins 2005 Harvey, Ugueto & Gutberlet 2012 Koehler & Langerwerf 2000 Murphy, Jowers, Lehtinen, Charles, Colli, Peres, Hendry & Pyron 2016 [based on map] Reynolds, MacCulloch, Tamessar, Watson, Cole & Townsend 2008 Ribeiro-Junior & Amaral 2016 Silva, Ribeiro-Junior & Avila-Pires 2018  Family Tropiduridae (Rough-tailed Iguanas) Genus Plica (Tree Runners)   * Plica kathleenae Acarai Mountains Tree Runner Murphy & Jowers 2013   Plica plica Collared Tree Runner Avila-Pires 1995 Avila-Pires 2005 Beebe 1944 Cole, Townsend, Reynolds, MacCulloch & Lathrop 2013 Etheridge 1970 Hoogmoed 1973 Murphy & Jowers 2013 Parker 1935 Reynolds & MacCulloch 2012 Reynolds, MacCulloch, Tamessar, Watson, Cole & Townsend 2008 Ribeiro-Junior & Amaral 2016 Ribeiro-Junior 2015   Plica umbra Smooth-necked Tree Runner Avila-Pires 1995 Avila-Pires 2005 Beebe 1944 Cole, Townsend, Reynolds, MacCulloch & Lathrop 2013 Donnelly, Chen & Watkins 2005 Etheridge 1970 Hoogmoed 1973 MacCulloch & Reynolds 2012 Parker 1935 Reynolds & MacCulloch 2012 Reynolds, MacCulloch, Tamessar, Watson, Cole & Townsend 2008 Ribeiro-Junior & Amaral 2016 Ribeiro-Junior 2015 Genus Tropidurus (Eastern Keel-tailed Iguanas)   Tropidurus hispidus Spotted Keel-tailed Iguana Avila-Pires 1995 Avila-Pires 2005 Carvalho 2013 Cole, Townsend, Reynolds, MacCulloch & Lathrop 2013 Donnelly, Chen & Watkins 2005 MacCulloch & Reynolds 2012 Reynolds, MacCulloch, Tamessar, Watson, Cole & Townsend 2008 Ribeiro-Junior & Amaral 2016 Ribeiro-Junior 2015 Rodrigues 1987 Sousa Abreu, Frota & Yuki 2002 Genus Uracentron (South American Spiny-tailed Iguanas)   Uracentron azureum Green Spiny-tailed Iguana Avila-Pires 1995 Avila-Pires 2005 Beebe 1944 Cole, Townsend, Reynolds, MacCulloch & Lathrop 2013 Etheridge 1968 Hoogmoed 1973 Reynolds, MacCulloch, Tamessar, Watson, Cole & Townsend 2008 Genus Uranoscodon (Mop-headed Iguana)   Uranoscodon superciliosus Mop-headed Iguana Avila-Pires 1995 Avila-Pires 2005 Beebe 1944 Cole, Townsend, Reynolds, MacCulloch & Lathrop 2013 Donnelly, Chen & Watkins 2005 Hoogmoed 1973 Howland, Vitt & Lopez 1990 Parker 1935 Reynolds, MacCulloch, Tamessar, Watson, Cole & Townsend 2008 Ribeiro-Junior & Amaral 2016 Ribeiro-Junior 2015

	Snakes (Serpentes)
	= endemicEX = extinct or assumed extinct Species References  Family Aniliidae (South American Pipe Snake) Genus Anilius (South American Pipe Snake)   Anilius scytale South American Pipe Snake Avila-Pires 2005 Cole, Townsend, Reynolds, MacCulloch & Lathrop 2013 Donnelly, Chen & Watkins 2005 McDiarmid, Campbell & Toure 1999 Reynolds, MacCulloch, Tamessar, Watson, Cole & Townsend 2008 Wallach, Williams & Boundy 2014  Family Anomalepididae (Neotropical Blind Snakes) Genus Typhlophis (Cayenne Blind Snake)   Typhlophis squamosus Cayenne Blind Snake Avila-Pires 2005 Cole, Townsend, Reynolds, MacCulloch & Lathrop 2013 McDiarmid, Campbell & Toure 1999 Reynolds, MacCulloch, Tamessar, Watson, Cole & Townsend 2008  Family Boidae (Typical Boas) Genus Boa (Red-tailed Boas)   Boa constrictor South American Red-tailed Boa Avila-Pires 2005 Beebe 1946 Cole, Townsend, Reynolds, MacCulloch & Lathrop 2013 Donnelly, Chen & Watkins 2005 McDiarmid, Campbell & Toure 1999 Reynolds, MacCulloch, Tamessar, Watson, Cole & Townsend 2008 Genus Corallus (Tree Boas)   Corallus caninus Northern Emerald Tree Boa Avila-Pires 2005 Cole, Townsend, Reynolds, MacCulloch & Lathrop 2013 Donnelly, Chen & Watkins 2005 Henderson, Passos & Feitosa 2009   Corallus hortulana Amazon Tree Boa Avila-Pires 2005 Cole, Townsend, Reynolds, MacCulloch & Lathrop 2013 Donnelly, Chen & Watkins 2005 Henderson 1993 [as enydris] Henderson 1997 Henderson 2002 McDiarmid, Campbell & Toure 1999 Parker 1935 [as enydris] Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 [as enydris] Reynolds & MacCulloch 2012 Reynolds, MacCulloch, Tamessar, Watson, Cole & Townsend 2008 Genus Epicrates (Rainbow Boas)   Epicrates cenchria Common Rainbow Boa Avila-Pires 2005 Beebe 1946 Cole, Townsend, Reynolds, MacCulloch & Lathrop 2013 Donnelly, Chen & Watkins 2005 McDiarmid, Campbell & Toure 1999 Parker 1935 Passos & Fernandes 2008 Reynolds, MacCulloch, Tamessar, Watson, Cole & Townsend 2008   Epicrates maurus Northern Rainbow Boa Avila-Pires 2005 Passos & Fernandes 2008 Genus Eunectes (Anacondas)   Eunectes murinus Green Anaconda Avila-Pires 2005 Beebe 1946 Cole, Townsend, Reynolds, MacCulloch & Lathrop 2013 Dirksen 2000 Dirksen 2002 Donnelly, Chen & Watkins 2005 Reynolds, MacCulloch, Tamessar, Watson, Cole & Townsend 2008  Family Colubridae (Typical Snakes or Colubrids) Genus Apostolepis (Black-tailed Blackheads)   Apostolepis nigrolineata Para Blackhead Cole, Townsend, Reynolds, MacCulloch & Lathrop 2013 Lema, Queiroz & Martins 2017   Apostolepis quinquelineata Five-lined Blackhead Avila-Pires 2005 Entiauspe-Neto, Koch, Guedes & Tiutenko 2020 Lema 2001 Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 Genus Atractus (Spindle Snakes)   Atractus favae Surinam Spindle Snake Avila-Pires 2005 Cole, Townsend, Reynolds, MacCulloch & Lathrop 2013 Hoogmoed 1980 Parker 1935 Reynolds, MacCulloch, Tamessar, Watson, Cole & Townsend 2008   Atractus schach Mamadam Spindle Snake Cole, Townsend, Reynolds, MacCulloch & Lathrop 2013 Hoogmoed 1980 Melo-Sampaio, Passos, Fouquet, Costa Prudente & Torres-Carvajal 2019 Reynolds, MacCulloch, Tamessar, Watson, Cole & Townsend 2008   Atractus steyermarki Chimanta Tepui Spindle Snake Cole, Townsend, Reynolds, MacCulloch & Lathrop 2013 Passos, Kok, Albuquerque & Rivas 2013 Reynolds, MacCulloch, Tamessar, Watson, Cole & Townsend 2008   Atractus tamessari Kaieteur Spindle Snake Cole, Townsend, Reynolds, MacCulloch & Lathrop 2013 Kok 2006 Passos, Kok, Albuquerque & Rivas 2013   Atractus torquatus Rusty Spindle Snake Avila-Pires 2005 Cole, Townsend, Reynolds, MacCulloch & Lathrop 2013 Hoogmoed 1980 Reynolds, MacCulloch, Tamessar, Watson, Cole & Townsend 2008   Atractus trilineatus Venezuelan Three-lined Spindle Snake Avila-Pires 2005 Beebe 1946 Cole, Townsend, Reynolds, MacCulloch & Lathrop 2013 Martins & Oliveira 1993 Murphy, Salvi, Braswell & Jowers 2019 Murphy, Salvi, Braswell & Jowers 2020 Parker 1935 Reynolds, MacCulloch, Tamessar, Watson, Cole & Townsend 2008 Genus Chironius (Sipos)   Chironius carinatus Yellow-lipped Sipo Avila-Pires 2005 Beebe 1946 Cole, Townsend, Reynolds, MacCulloch & Lathrop 2013 Dixon, Wiest & Cei 1993 Kok 2010 Parker 1935 Reynolds, MacCulloch, Tamessar, Watson, Cole & Townsend 2008   Chironius challenger Maringma Tepui Sipo Cole, Townsend, Reynolds, MacCulloch & Lathrop 2013 Kok 2010   Chironius exoletus Green Sipo Avila-Pires 2005 Cole, Townsend, Reynolds, MacCulloch & Lathrop 2013 Dixon, Wiest & Cei 1993 Reynolds, MacCulloch, Tamessar, Watson, Cole & Townsend 2008   Chironius fuscus Brown Sipo Avila-Pires 2005 Beebe 1946 Cole, Townsend, Reynolds, MacCulloch & Lathrop 2013 Dixon, Wiest & Cei 1993 Donnelly, Chen & Watkins 2005 Kok 2010 Parker 1935 Reynolds & MacCulloch 2012 Reynolds, MacCulloch, Tamessar, Watson, Cole & Townsend 2008   Chironius multiventris Peruvian Sipo Avila-Pires 2005 Cole, Townsend, Reynolds, MacCulloch & Lathrop 2013 Dixon, Wiest & Cei 1993 [as cochranae] Kok 2010 [as cochranae] Reynolds, MacCulloch, Tamessar, Watson, Cole & Townsend 2008   Chironius scurrulus Rusty Sipo Avila-Pires 2005 Cole, Townsend, Reynolds, MacCulloch & Lathrop 2013 Dixon, Wiest & Cei 1993 Donnelly, Chen & Watkins 2005 Kok 2010 MacCulloch & Reynolds 2012 Reynolds, MacCulloch, Tamessar, Watson, Cole & Townsend 2008 Genus Chlorosoma (Green Bush Racers)   Chlorosoma viridissimum Emerald Bush Racer Avila-Pires 2005 Beebe 1946 Cole, Townsend, Reynolds, MacCulloch & Lathrop 2013 Freitas, Franca & Bernarde 2012 Parker 1935 Reynolds, MacCulloch, Tamessar, Watson, Cole & Townsend 2008 Thomas 1976 Genus Clelia (Northern Snake Eaters)   Clelia clelia Common Snake Eater Avila-Pires 2005 Beebe 1946 Cole, Townsend, Reynolds, MacCulloch & Lathrop 2013 Parker 1935 Reynolds, MacCulloch, Tamessar, Watson, Cole & Townsend 2008 Zaher 1996 Genus Dendrophidion (Forest Racers)   Dendrophidion dendrophis Tawny Forest Racer Avila-Pires 2005 Cole, Townsend, Reynolds, MacCulloch & Lathrop 2013 Reynolds, MacCulloch, Tamessar, Watson, Cole & Townsend 2008 Genus Dipsas (Neotropical Snail Eaters)   Dipsas catesbyi Ornate Snail Eater Avila-Pires 2005 Cole, Townsend, Reynolds, MacCulloch & Lathrop 2013 Donnelly, Chen & Watkins 2005 Lima & Prudente 2009 Parker 1935 Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 Peters 1960 Peters 1965 Reynolds, MacCulloch, Tamessar, Watson, Cole & Townsend 2008 Sanchez-Martinez, Franca & Trevine 2022   Dipsas copei Guianan Snail Eater Avila-Pires 2005 Cole, Townsend, Reynolds, MacCulloch & Lathrop 2013 Peters 1960 Reynolds, MacCulloch, Tamessar, Watson, Cole & Townsend 2008   Dipsas incerta South American Banded Snail Eater Passos, Fernandes & Caramaschi 2004   Dipsas indica Big-headed Snail Eater Harvey & Embert 2008 Harvey 2008 Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 Peters 1960 Peters 1965   * Dipsas pakaraima Pakaraima Mountains Snail Eater Avila-Pires 2005 Cole, Townsend, Reynolds, MacCulloch & Lathrop 2013 Harvey & Embert 2008 Harvey 2008 MacCulloch & Lathrop 2004   Dipsas pavonina Northern Snail Eater Avila-Pires 2005 Cole, Townsend, Reynolds, MacCulloch & Lathrop 2013 Donnelly, Chen & Watkins 2005 Harvey & Embert 2008 Harvey 2008 Lima & Prudente 2009 Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 Peters 1960 Reynolds, MacCulloch, Tamessar, Watson, Cole & Townsend 2008   Dipsas variegata Many-banded Snail Eater Avila-Pires 2005 Beebe 1946 Cadle & Myers 2003 Cole, Townsend, Reynolds, MacCulloch & Lathrop 2013 Donnelly, Chen & Watkins 2005 Harvey & Embert 2008 Harvey 2008 MacCulloch & Reynolds 2012 Peters 1960 Reynolds & MacCulloch 2012 Reynolds, MacCulloch, Tamessar, Watson, Cole & Townsend 2008 Genus Drepanoides (Amazon Egg Eater)   Drepanoides anomalus Amazon Egg Eater Cole, Townsend, Reynolds, MacCulloch & Lathrop 2013 Reynolds, MacCulloch, Tamessar, Watson, Cole & Townsend 2008 Genus Drymarchon (Indigo Snakes and Cribos)   Drymarchon corais Yellow-tailed Cribo Avila-Pires 2005 Beebe 1946 Cole, Townsend, Reynolds, MacCulloch & Lathrop 2013 Reynolds, MacCulloch, Tamessar, Watson, Cole & Townsend 2008 Wuster, Yrausquin & Mijares-Urrutia 2001 Genus Drymobius (Central American Racers)   Drymobius rhombifer Diamondback Racer Avila-Pires 2005 Cole, Townsend, Reynolds, MacCulloch & Lathrop 2013 Reynolds, MacCulloch, Tamessar, Watson, Cole & Townsend 2008 Genus Drymoluber (Glossy Racers)   Drymoluber dichrous Northern Glossy Racer Avila-Pires 2005 Caldeira-Costa, Ribeiro-Moura & Neves-Feio 2013 Cole, Townsend, Reynolds, MacCulloch & Lathrop 2013 Donnelly, Chen & Watkins 2005 Parker 1935 Reynolds, MacCulloch, Tamessar, Watson, Cole & Townsend 2008 Genus Dryophylax (Northern Mock Vipers)   Dryophylax ramonriveroi Turimiquire Mock Viper Bailey & Thomas 2007 Cole, Townsend, Reynolds, MacCulloch & Lathrop 2013 Trevine, Caicedo-Portilla, Hoogmoed, Thomas, Franco, Montingelli, Osorno-Munoz & Zaher 2021 Genus Erythrolamprus (Neotropical Smooth Snakes)   Erythrolamprus aenigma Savannah Smooth Snake Avila-Pires 2005 [as E. poecilogyrus] Cole, Townsend, Reynolds, MacCulloch & Lathrop 2013 [as E. poecilogyrus] Dixon 1989 [as E. poecilogyrus] Entiauspe-Neto, Abegg, Koch, Nunez, Azevedo, Moraes, Tiutenko, Bialves & Loebmann 2021 Reynolds, MacCulloch, Tamessar, Watson, Cole & Townsend 2008 [as E. poecilogyrus]   Erythrolamprus aesculapii Southern Mock Coral Snake Avila-Pires 2005 Beebe 1946 Cole, Townsend, Reynolds, MacCulloch & Lathrop 2013 Curcio, Scali & Rodrigues 2015 Donnelly, Chen & Watkins 2005 Reynolds, MacCulloch, Tamessar, Watson, Cole & Townsend 2008 [as bauperthuisii] Torres-Carvajal & Hinojosa 2020   Erythrolamprus breviceps Short-headed Smooth Snake Avila-Pires 2005 Beebe 1946 Cole, Townsend, Reynolds, MacCulloch & Lathrop 2013 Dixon 1989 Reynolds, MacCulloch, Tamessar, Watson, Cole & Townsend 2008   Erythrolamprus cobellus South American Red-bellied Smooth Snake Avila-Pires 2005 Beebe 1946 Cole, Townsend, Reynolds, MacCulloch & Lathrop 2013 Dixon 1989 MacCulloch & Reynolds 2012 Parker 1935 Reynolds, MacCulloch, Tamessar, Watson, Cole & Townsend 2008 Torres-Carvajal & Hinojosa 2020   Erythrolamprus miliaris Military Smooth Snake Avila-Pires 2005 Cole, Townsend, Reynolds, MacCulloch & Lathrop 2013 Dixon 1983 Dixon 1989 Parker 1935 Reynolds & MacCulloch 2012 Reynolds, MacCulloch, Tamessar, Watson, Cole & Townsend 2008 Torres-Carvajal & Hinojosa 2020   Erythrolamprus reginae Northern Royal Smooth Snake Ascenso, Costa & Prudente 2019 Avila-Pires 2005 Beebe 1946 Cole, Townsend, Reynolds, MacCulloch & Lathrop 2013 Dixon 1989 Donnelly, Chen & Watkins 2005 Murphy, Braswell, Charles, Auguste, Rivas, Borzee, Lehtinen & Jowers 2019 Reynolds, MacCulloch, Tamessar, Watson, Cole & Townsend 2008   Erythrolamprus typhlus Velvety Smooth Snake Avila-Pires 2005 Beebe 1946 Cole, Townsend, Reynolds, MacCulloch & Lathrop 2013 Dixon 1987 Dixon 1989 Donnelly, Chen & Watkins 2005 MacCulloch & Reynolds 2012 Parker 1935 Reynolds & MacCulloch 2012 Reynolds, MacCulloch, Tamessar, Watson, Cole & Townsend 2008 Genus Helicops (South American Keelbacks)   Helicops angulatus Brown-banded Keelback Avila-Pires 2005 Beebe 1946 Cole, Townsend, Reynolds, MacCulloch & Lathrop 2013 Donnelly, Chen & Watkins 2005 Parker 1935 Reynolds, MacCulloch, Tamessar, Watson, Cole & Townsend 2008 Roberto, Ribeiro, Sousa-Delfino & Oliveira-Almeida 2009 Genus Hydrodynastes (False Water Cobras)   Hydrodynastes bicinctus Two-banded False Water Cobra Avila-Pires 2005 Cole, Townsend, Reynolds, MacCulloch & Lathrop 2013 Reynolds, MacCulloch, Tamessar, Watson, Cole & Townsend 2008 Genus Hydrops (South American Mud Snakes)   Hydrops triangularis Red-sided Mud Snake Albuquerque & Lema 2008 Avila-Pires 2005 Cole, Townsend, Reynolds, MacCulloch & Lathrop 2013 Donnelly, Chen & Watkins 2005 Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 Reynolds, MacCulloch, Tamessar, Watson, Cole & Townsend 2008 Roze 1957 Scrocchi, Ferreira, Giraudo, Avila & Motte 2005 Genus Imantodes (American Blunt-headed Tree Snakes)   Imantodes cenchoa Common Blunt-headed Tree Snake Avila-Pires 2005 Beebe 1946 Cole, Townsend, Reynolds, MacCulloch & Lathrop 2013 Donnelly, Chen & Watkins 2005 Reynolds, MacCulloch, Tamessar, Watson, Cole & Townsend 2008   Imantodes lentiferus Amazon Blunt-headed Tree Snake Cole, Townsend, Reynolds, MacCulloch & Lathrop 2013 Frota, Missassi, Santos-Costa & Prudente 2015 Reynolds & MacCulloch 2012 Reynolds, MacCulloch, Tamessar, Watson, Cole & Townsend 2008 Genus Leptodeira (Typical Cat-eyed Snakes)   Leptodeira annulata South American Banded Cat-eyed Snake Avila-Pires 2005 Barrio-Amoros 2019 Beebe 1946 Cole, Townsend, Reynolds, MacCulloch & Lathrop 2013 Donnelly, Chen & Watkins 2005 Duellman 1958 Parker 1935 Reynolds, MacCulloch, Tamessar, Watson, Cole & Townsend 2008   Leptodeira ashmeadi Venezuelan Cat-eyed Snake Duellman 1958 Genus Leptophis (Neotropical Parrot Snakes)   Leptophis ahaetulla Common Green Parrot Snake Albuquerque & Fernandes 2022 Avila-Pires 2005 Beebe 1946 Cole, Townsend, Reynolds, MacCulloch & Lathrop 2013 Donnelly, Chen & Watkins 2005 Murphy, Charles, Lehtinen & Koeller 2013 Oliver 1948 Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 Reynolds & MacCulloch 2012 Reynolds, MacCulloch, Tamessar, Watson, Cole & Townsend 2008 Torres-Carvajal & Teran 2021   Leptophis coeruleodorsus Striped Green Parrot Snake Albuquerque & Fernandes 2022   Leptophis nigromarginatus Black-skinned Green Parrot Snake Albuquerque & Fernandes 2022 Genus Lygophis (South American Striped Ground Snakes)   Lygophis lineatus Western Striped Ground Snake Avila-Pires 2005 Beebe 1946 Cole, Townsend, Reynolds, MacCulloch & Lathrop 2013 Dixon 1989 Michaud & Dixon 1987 Reynolds, MacCulloch, Tamessar, Watson, Cole & Townsend 2008 Genus Mastigodryas (Neotropical Lizard Eaters)   Mastigodryas boddaerti Brown Lizard Eater Avila-Pires 2005 Beebe 1946 Cole, Townsend, Reynolds, MacCulloch & Lathrop 2013 Montingelli 2009 Montingelli, Grazziotin, Battilana, Murphy, Zhang & Zaher 2019 Parker 1935 Reynolds & MacCulloch 2012 Reynolds, MacCulloch, Tamessar, Watson, Cole & Townsend 2008   Mastigodryas moratoi Amazon Lizard Eater Cole, Townsend, Reynolds, MacCulloch & Lathrop 2013 Montingelli & Zaher 2011 Montingelli, Grazziotin, Battilana, Murphy, Zhang & Zaher 2019 Genus Ninia (Coffee Snakes)   Ninia hudsoni Guyana White-collared Coffee Snake Avila-Pires 2005 Cole, Townsend, Reynolds, MacCulloch & Lathrop 2013 Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 Reynolds, MacCulloch, Tamessar, Watson, Cole & Townsend 2008 Genus Oxybelis (Neotropical Vine Snakes)   Oxybelis fulgidus Green Vine Snake Avila-Pires 2005 Beebe 1946 Cole, Townsend, Reynolds, MacCulloch & Lathrop 2013 Donnelly, Chen & Watkins 2005 Parker 1935 Reynolds, MacCulloch, Tamessar, Watson, Cole & Townsend 2008   Oxybelis rutherfordi Trinidad Vine Snake Avila-Pires 2005 [as aeneus] Beebe 1946 [as aeneus] Cole, Townsend, Reynolds, MacCulloch & Lathrop 2013 [as aeneus] Donnelly, Chen & Watkins 2005 [as aeneus] MacCulloch & Reynolds 2012 [as aeneus] Parker 1935 [as aeneus] Reynolds, MacCulloch, Tamessar, Watson, Cole & Townsend 2008 [as aeneus] Genus Oxyrhopus (Calico Snakes)   Oxyrhopus melanogenys Black-headed Calico Snake Avila-Pires 2005 [as trigeminus] Cole, Townsend, Reynolds, MacCulloch & Lathrop 2013 Donnelly, Chen & Watkins 2005 [as trigeminus] MacCulloch, Lathrop, Kok, Ernst & Kalamandeen 2009 Means & Kalamandeen 2007 Reynolds, MacCulloch, Tamessar, Watson, Cole & Townsend 2008 [as trigeminus] Zaher & Caramaschi 1992 [as trigeminus]   Oxyrhopus occipitalis Northern Calico Snake Cole, Townsend, Reynolds, MacCulloch & Lathrop 2013 MacCulloch, Lathrop, Kok, Ernst & Kalamandeen 2009   Oxyrhopus petolarius Banded Calico Snake Avila-Pires 2005 Beebe 1946 Cole, Townsend, Reynolds, MacCulloch & Lathrop 2013 Donnelly, Chen & Watkins 2005 MacCulloch, Lathrop, Kok, Ernst & Kalamandeen 2009 Reynolds & MacCulloch 2012 Reynolds, MacCulloch, Tamessar, Watson, Cole & Townsend 2008 Genus Philodryas (South American Bush Racers)   Philodryas olfersii Common Green Bush Racer Avila-Pires 2005 Cole, Townsend, Reynolds, MacCulloch & Lathrop 2013 Reynolds, MacCulloch, Tamessar, Watson, Cole & Townsend 2008 Thomas 1976 Genus Phimophis (South American Shovel-nosed Snakes)   Phimophis guianensis Northern Tropical Shovel-nosed Snake Avila-Pires 2005 Cole, Townsend, Reynolds, MacCulloch & Lathrop 2013 Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 Reynolds, MacCulloch, Tamessar, Watson, Cole & Townsend 2008 Genus Phrynonax (Neotropical Bird Snakes)   Phrynonax sexcarinatus Southern Bird Snake Avila-Pires 2005 [as Pseustes poecilonotus] Beebe 1946 [as polylepis] Cole, Townsend, Reynolds, MacCulloch & Lathrop 2013 [as Pseustes poecilonotus] Donnelly, Chen & Watkins 2005 [as Pseustes poecilonotus] Reynolds, MacCulloch, Tamessar, Watson, Cole & Townsend 2008 [as Pseustes poecilonotus] Genus Pseudoboa (Neotropical Scarlet Snakes)   Pseudoboa coronata Black-headed Scarlet Snake Avila-Pires 2005 Beebe 1946 Caldeira Costa, Cotta & MacCulloch 2015 Cole, Townsend, Reynolds, MacCulloch & Lathrop 2013 Donnelly, Chen & Watkins 2005 Reynolds, MacCulloch, Tamessar, Watson, Cole & Townsend 2008   Pseudoboa neuwiedii Northern Scarlet Snake Avila-Pires 2005 Cole, Townsend, Reynolds, MacCulloch & Lathrop 2013 Donnelly, Chen & Watkins 2005 Reynolds, MacCulloch, Tamessar, Watson, Cole & Townsend 2008 Genus Pseudoeryx (Dusky Mud Snakes)   Pseudoeryx plicatilis Dusky Mud Snake Avila-Pires 2005 Cole, Townsend, Reynolds, MacCulloch & Lathrop 2013 Reynolds, MacCulloch, Tamessar, Watson, Cole & Townsend 2008 Genus Rhinobothryum (Ringed Snakes)   Rhinobothryum lentiginosum Amazon Ringed Snake Cole, Townsend, Reynolds, MacCulloch & Lathrop 2013 Reynolds & MacCulloch 2012 Reynolds, MacCulloch, Tamessar, Watson, Cole & Townsend 2008 Genus Sibon (Neotropical Snail Eaters)   Sibon nebulatus Cloudy Snail Eater Avila-Pires 2005 Cole, Townsend, Reynolds, MacCulloch & Lathrop 2013 MacCulloch & Reynolds 2012 Peters 1960 Reynolds, MacCulloch, Tamessar, Watson, Cole & Townsend 2008 Genus Siphlophis (Liana Snakes)   Siphlophis cervinus Common Liana Snake Avila-Pires 2005 Beebe 1946 Cole, Townsend, Reynolds, MacCulloch & Lathrop 2013   Siphlophis compressus Red-headed Liana Snake Avila-Pires 2005 Beebe 1946 Cole, Townsend, Reynolds, MacCulloch & Lathrop 2013 Donnelly, Chen & Watkins 2005 Parker 1935 Reynolds & MacCulloch 2012 Reynolds, MacCulloch, Tamessar, Watson, Cole & Townsend 2008 Genus Spilotes (Chicken Snakes)   Spilotes pullatus Chicken Snake Avila-Pires 2005 Beebe 1946 Cole, Townsend, Reynolds, MacCulloch & Lathrop 2013 MacCulloch & Reynolds 2012 Reynolds, MacCulloch, Tamessar, Watson, Cole & Townsend 2008   Spilotes sulphureus Yellow-bellied Puffing Snake Avila-Pires 2005 Beebe 1946 Cole, Townsend, Reynolds, MacCulloch & Lathrop 2013 Donnelly, Chen & Watkins 2005 Parker 1935 Reynolds, MacCulloch, Tamessar, Watson, Cole & Townsend 2008 Genus Taeniophallus (Lowland Dwarf Leaf-litter Snakes)   Taeniophallus brevirostris Short-nosed Leaf-litter Snake Reynolds, MacCulloch, Tamessar, Watson, Cole & Townsend 2008 Genus Tantilla (American Centipede Snakes)   Tantilla melanocephala South American Black-headed Centipede Snake Avila-Pires 2005 Beebe 1946 Cole, Townsend, Reynolds, MacCulloch & Lathrop 2013 Donnelly, Chen & Watkins 2005 Jowers, Rivas, Jadin, Braswell, Auguste, Borzee & Murphy 2020 Reynolds & MacCulloch 2012 Reynolds, MacCulloch, Tamessar, Watson, Cole & Townsend 2008 Wilson & Mena 1980 Wilson 1987 Genus Thamnodynastes (South American Mock Vipers)   Thamnodynastes pallidus Common South American Mock Viper Avila-Pires 2005 Bailey, Thomas & Silva 2005 Cole, Townsend, Reynolds, MacCulloch & Lathrop 2013 Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 [as strigilis] Reynolds, MacCulloch, Tamessar, Watson, Cole & Townsend 2008 Trevine, Caicedo-Portilla, Hoogmoed, Thomas, Franco, Montingelli, Osorno-Munoz & Zaher 2021 Genus Xenodon (Northern Mock Lanceheads and South American Hognose Snakes)   Xenodon merremii Toad-eating Mock Lancehead Avila-Pires 2005 Cole, Townsend, Reynolds, MacCulloch & Lathrop 2013 Hoogmoed 1985 Reynolds, MacCulloch, Tamessar, Watson, Cole & Townsend 2008   Xenodon rabdocephalus Common Mock Lancehead Avila-Pires 2005 Beebe 1946 Cole, Townsend, Reynolds, MacCulloch & Lathrop 2013 Parker 1935 Reynolds, MacCulloch, Tamessar, Watson, Cole & Townsend 2008   Xenodon severus Giant Mock Lancehead Avila-Pires 2005 Beebe 1946 Cole, Townsend, Reynolds, MacCulloch & Lathrop 2013 Parker 1935 Reynolds & MacCulloch 2012 Reynolds, MacCulloch, Tamessar, Watson, Cole & Townsend 2008 Genus Xenopholis (South American Flat-headed Snakes)   Xenopholis scalaris Northern Flat-headed Snake Cole, Townsend, Reynolds, MacCulloch & Lathrop 2013 Reynolds, MacCulloch, Tamessar, Watson, Cole & Townsend 2008 Genus Xenoxybelis (South American Vine Snakes)   Xenoxybelis argenteus Green-striped Vine Snake Avila-Pires 2005 Cole, Townsend, Reynolds, MacCulloch & Lathrop 2013 Reynolds, MacCulloch, Tamessar, Watson, Cole & Townsend 2008  Family Elapidae [part 1: terrestrial species] (Cobras, Mambas, etc.) Genus Leptomicrurus (Black-backed Coral Snakes)   Leptomicrurus collaris Guianan Black-backed Coral Snake Avila-Pires 2005 Campbell & Lamar 2004 Cole, Townsend, Reynolds, MacCulloch & Lathrop 2013 David, Dobiey & Vogel 2018 Roze 1996 Genus Micrurus (American Coral Snakes)   Micrurus averyi Black-headed Coral Snake Avila-Pires 2005 Campbell & Lamar 2004 Cole, Townsend, Reynolds, MacCulloch & Lathrop 2013 David, Dobiey & Vogel 2018 Feitosa, Silva, Pires, Zaher & Prudente 2015 Roze 1996   Micrurus diutius Trinidad Ribbon Coral Snake Campbell & Lamar 2004 Jowers, Garcia Mudarra, Charles & Murphy 2019 Roze 1996   Micrurus hemprichii Worm-eating Coral Snake Avila-Pires 2005 Bernarde, Turci, Abegg & Franco 2018 Campbell & Lamar 2004 Cole, Townsend, Reynolds, MacCulloch & Lathrop 2013 Donnelly, Chen & Watkins 2005 Reynolds & MacCulloch 2012 Reynolds, MacCulloch, Tamessar, Watson, Cole & Townsend 2008 Roze 1996   Micrurus isozonus Venezuelan Coral Snake Avila-Pires 2005 Cole, Townsend, Reynolds, MacCulloch & Lathrop 2013 Feitosa, Pires, Prudente & Silva 2013 Kok, Roze, Lenglet, Sambhu & Arjoon 2003   Micrurus lemniscatus Northern Ribbon Coral Snake Avila-Pires 2005 Campbell & Lamar 2004 Cole, Townsend, Reynolds, MacCulloch & Lathrop 2013 Donnelly, Chen & Watkins 2005 Jowers, Garcia Mudarra, Charles & Murphy 2019 Reynolds & MacCulloch 2012 Reynolds, MacCulloch, Tamessar, Watson, Cole & Townsend 2008 Roze 1996   Micrurus psyches Carib Coral Snake Avila-Pires 2005 Campbell & Lamar 2004 Cole, Townsend, Reynolds, MacCulloch & Lathrop 2013 David, Dobiey & Vogel 2018 Donnelly, Chen & Watkins 2005 MacCulloch & Reynolds 2012 Reynolds, MacCulloch, Tamessar, Watson, Cole & Townsend 2008 Roze 1996   Micrurus surinamensis Amazonian Aquatic Coral Snake Avila-Pires 2005 Campbell & Lamar 2004 Cole, Townsend, Reynolds, MacCulloch & Lathrop 2013 Reynolds, MacCulloch, Tamessar, Watson, Cole & Townsend 2008 Roze 1996  Family Leptotyphlopidae (Thread Snakes) Genus Epictia (Neotropical Thread Snakes)   Epictia tenella Guyana Thread Snake Adalsteinsson, Branch, Trape, Vitt & Hedges 2009 [as albifrons] Avila-Pires 2005 [as albifrons] Cole, Townsend, Reynolds, MacCulloch & Lathrop 2013 [as albifrons] Hahn 1980 McDiarmid, Campbell & Toure 1999 [as albifrons] Reynolds & MacCulloch 2012 [as albifrons] Reynolds, MacCulloch, Tamessar, Watson, Cole & Townsend 2008 [as albifrons] Wallach 2016 Genus Siagonodon (Mandible-toothed Thread Snakes)   Siagonodon septemstriatus Eastern Seven-lined Thread Snake Avila-Pires 2005 Cole, Townsend, Reynolds, MacCulloch & Lathrop 2013 Hahn 1980 McDiarmid, Campbell & Toure 1999 Pinto & Curcio 2011 Reynolds, MacCulloch, Tamessar, Watson, Cole & Townsend 2008 Genus Trilepida (Three-scaled Thread Snakes)   Trilepida dimidiata Dainty Thread Snake Avila-Pires 2005 Cole, Townsend, Reynolds, MacCulloch & Lathrop 2013 Hahn 1980 Martins, Koch, Pinto, Folly, Fouquet & Passos 2019 McDiarmid, Campbell & Toure 1999 Pinto & Fernandes 2012 Reynolds, MacCulloch, Tamessar, Watson, Cole & Townsend 2008   Trilepida macrolepis Large-scaled Thread Snake Adalsteinsson, Branch, Trape, Vitt & Hedges 2009 Avila-Pires 2005 Cole, Townsend, Reynolds, MacCulloch & Lathrop 2013 Hahn 1980 MacCulloch & Reynolds 2012 McDiarmid, Campbell & Toure 1999 Reynolds, MacCulloch, Tamessar, Watson, Cole & Townsend 2008  Family Typhlopidae (Typical Blind Snakes) Genus Amerotyphlops (American Blind Snakes)   Amerotyphlops brongersmianus Bahia Blind Snake Avila-Pires 2005 Cole, Townsend, Reynolds, MacCulloch & Lathrop 2013 Dixon & Hendricks 1979 Graboski, Arredondo, Grazziotin, Silva, Prudente, Rodrigues, Bonatto & Zaher 2019 McDiarmid, Campbell & Toure 1999 Reynolds, MacCulloch, Tamessar, Watson, Cole & Townsend 2008   Amerotyphlops minuisquamus Amazon Basin Blind Snake Avila-Pires 2005 Cole, Townsend, Reynolds, MacCulloch & Lathrop 2013 Dixon & Hendricks 1979 McDiarmid, Campbell & Toure 1999 Reynolds, MacCulloch, Tamessar, Watson, Cole & Townsend 2008   Amerotyphlops reticulatus Reticulated Blind Snake Avila-Pires 2005 Cole, Townsend, Reynolds, MacCulloch & Lathrop 2013 Dixon & Hendricks 1979 Donnelly, Chen & Watkins 2005 Graboski, Arredondo, Grazziotin, Silva, Prudente, Rodrigues, Bonatto & Zaher 2019 Hahn 1980 MacCulloch & Reynolds 2012 McDiarmid, Campbell & Toure 1999 Reynolds, MacCulloch, Tamessar, Watson, Cole & Townsend 2008  Family Viperidae (Vipers) Genus Bothrops (American Lanceheads)   Bothrops atrox Common Lancehead Avila-Pires 2005 Campbell & Lamar 2004 Cole, Townsend, Reynolds, MacCulloch & Lathrop 2013 David, Dobiey & Vogel 2018 Donnelly, Chen & Watkins 2005 Parker 1935 Reynolds & MacCulloch 2012 Reynolds, MacCulloch, Tamessar, Watson, Cole & Townsend 2008   Bothrops bilineatus Two-striped Forest Pitviper Avila-Pires 2005 Campbell & Lamar 2004 Cole, Townsend, Reynolds, MacCulloch & Lathrop 2013 David, Dobiey & Vogel 2018 Donnelly, Chen & Watkins 2005 MacCulloch & Reynolds 2012 Parker 1935 Reynolds, MacCulloch, Tamessar, Watson, Cole & Townsend 2008 Vechio, Prates, Grazziotin, Graboski & Rodrigues 2021   Bothrops oligobalius Northern Velvety Lancehead Avila-Pires 2005 [as B. brazili] Campbell & Lamar 2004 [as B. brazili] Cole, Townsend, Reynolds, MacCulloch & Lathrop 2013 [as B. brazili] David, Dobiey & Vogel 2018 [as B. brazili] Reynolds, MacCulloch, Tamessar, Watson, Cole & Townsend 2008 [as B. brazili] Vechio, Prates, Grazziotin, Graboski & Rodrigues 2021   Bothrops taeniatus Speckled Forest Pitviper Avila-Pires 2005 Campbell & Lamar 2004 Cole, Townsend, Reynolds, MacCulloch & Lathrop 2013 David, Dobiey & Vogel 2018 Means 2004 Genus Crotalus (Typical Rattlesnakes)   Crotalus durissus South American Rattlesnake Avila-Pires 2005 Campbell & Lamar 2004 Cole, Townsend, Reynolds, MacCulloch & Lathrop 2013 David, Dobiey & Vogel 2018 MacCulloch & Reynolds 2012 Reynolds, MacCulloch, Tamessar, Watson, Cole & Townsend 2008 Genus Lachesis (Bushmasters)   Lachesis muta South American Bushmaster Avila-Pires 2005 Barrio-Amoros, Corrales, Rodriguez, Culebras, Dwyer & Flores 2020 Campbell & Lamar 2004 Cole, Townsend, Reynolds, MacCulloch & Lathrop 2013 Donnelly, Chen & Watkins 2005 MacCulloch & Reynolds 2012 Reynolds, MacCulloch, Tamessar, Watson, Cole & Townsend 2008

	Turtles (Testudines)
	= endemicEX = extinct or assumed extinct Species References  Family Chelidae (Austro-American Side-necked Turtles) Genus Chelus (Matamatas)   Chelus orinocensis Orinoco Matamata Avila-Pires 2005 [as fimbriata] Cole, Townsend, Reynolds, MacCulloch & Lathrop 2013 [as fimbriata] Donnelly, Chen & Watkins 2005 [as fimbriata] Iverson 1992 [as fimbriata] King & Burke 1989 [as fimbriata] Lima Silveira 2011 [as fimbriata] Pritchard 2008 [as fimbriata] Reynolds, MacCulloch, Tamessar, Watson, Cole & Townsend 2008 [as fimbriata] Rhodin, Iverson, Bour, Fritz, Georges, Shaffer & Dijk 2021 Vargas-Ramirez, Caballero, Morales-Betancourt, Lasso, Amaya, Martinez, Silva Viana, Vogt, Pires Farias, Hrbek, Campbell & Fritz 2020 Genus Mesoclemmys (Hump-backed Toad-headed Turtles)   Mesoclemmys gibba Gibba Toad-headed Turtle Avila-Pires 2005 Cole, Townsend, Reynolds, MacCulloch & Lathrop 2013 Fritz & Havas 2006 King & Burke 1989 Lima Silveira 2011 Mittermeier, Rhodin, Medem, Soini, Hoogmoed & Espinoza 1978 Reynolds, MacCulloch, Tamessar, Watson, Cole & Townsend 2008 Rhodin, Iverson, Bour, Fritz, Georges, Shaffer & Dijk 2021 Genus Phrynops (Lesser Toad-headed Turtles)   Phrynops geoffroanus Brazilian Toad-headed Turtle King & Burke 1989 Reynolds 1990 Reynolds, MacCulloch, Tamessar, Watson, Cole & Townsend 2008   Phrynops tuberosus Spotted Toad-headed Turtle Avila-Pires 2005 Bonin, Devaux & Dupre 2006 Cole, Townsend, Reynolds, MacCulloch & Lathrop 2013 MacCulloch & Reynolds 2012 Reynolds 1990 Rhodin, Iverson, Bour, Fritz, Georges, Shaffer & Dijk 2021 Genus Platemys (Twist-necked Turtle)   Platemys platycephala Twist-necked Turtle Avila-Pires 2005 Cole, Townsend, Reynolds, MacCulloch & Lathrop 2013 Donnelly, Chen & Watkins 2005 King & Burke 1989 Reynolds, MacCulloch, Tamessar, Watson, Cole & Townsend 2008 Rhodin, Iverson, Bour, Fritz, Georges, Shaffer & Dijk 2021  Family Cheloniidae (Hard-shelled Sea Turtles) Genus Caretta (Loggerhead Sea Turtle)   Caretta caretta Loggerhead Sea Turtle Avila-Pires 2005 Cole, Townsend, Reynolds, MacCulloch & Lathrop 2013 King & Burke 1989 Pritchard 1979 Reynolds, MacCulloch, Tamessar, Watson, Cole & Townsend 2008 Rhodin, Iverson, Bour, Fritz, Georges, Shaffer & Dijk 2021 Genus Chelonia (Green Sea Turtle)   Chelonia mydas Green Sea Turtle Avila-Pires 2005 Cole, Townsend, Reynolds, MacCulloch & Lathrop 2013 King & Burke 1989 Reynolds, MacCulloch, Tamessar, Watson, Cole & Townsend 2008 Rhodin, Iverson, Bour, Fritz, Georges, Shaffer & Dijk 2021 Schulz in Bjorndal (ed.) 1982 Genus Eretmochelys (Hawksbill Sea Turtle)   Eretmochelys imbricata Hawksbill Sea Turtle Avila-Pires 2005 Cole, Townsend, Reynolds, MacCulloch & Lathrop 2013 King & Burke 1989 Pritchard 1979 Reynolds, MacCulloch, Tamessar, Watson, Cole & Townsend 2008 Rhodin, Iverson, Bour, Fritz, Georges, Shaffer & Dijk 2021 Schulz in Bjorndal (ed.) 1982 Genus Lepidochelys (Ridley Sea Turtles)   Lepidochelys olivacea Olive Ridley Sea Turtle Avila-Pires 2005 Cole, Townsend, Reynolds, MacCulloch & Lathrop 2013 King & Burke 1989 Pritchard 1979 Reynolds, MacCulloch, Tamessar, Watson, Cole & Townsend 2008 Rhodin, Iverson, Bour, Fritz, Georges, Shaffer & Dijk 2021 Schulz in Bjorndal (ed.) 1982  Family Dermochelyidae (Leatherback Sea Turtle) Genus Dermochelys (Leatherback Sea Turtle)   Dermochelys coriacea Leatherback Sea Turtle Avila-Pires 2005 Cole, Townsend, Reynolds, MacCulloch & Lathrop 2013 King & Burke 1989 Pritchard 1979 Reynolds, MacCulloch, Tamessar, Watson, Cole & Townsend 2008 Rhodin, Iverson, Bour, Fritz, Georges, Shaffer & Dijk 2021  Family Geoemydidae (Eastern Pond Turtles) Genus Rhinoclemmys (Neotropical Wood Turtles)   Rhinoclemmys punctularia Eastern Spotted-legged Turtle Avila-Pires 2005 Cole, Townsend, Reynolds, MacCulloch & Lathrop 2013 Donnelly, Chen & Watkins 2005 King & Burke 1989 Reynolds, MacCulloch, Tamessar, Watson, Cole & Townsend 2008 Rhodin, Iverson, Bour, Fritz, Georges, Shaffer & Dijk 2021  Family Kinosternidae (American Mud and Musk Turtles) Genus Kinosternon (American Mud Turtles)   Kinosternon scorpioides Scorpion Mud Turtle Avila-Pires 2005 Berry & Iverson 2011 Cole, Townsend, Reynolds, MacCulloch & Lathrop 2013 King & Burke 1989 Reynolds, MacCulloch, Tamessar, Watson, Cole & Townsend 2008 Rhodin, Iverson, Bour, Fritz, Georges, Shaffer & Dijk 2021  Family Podocnemididae (Giant Side-necked Turtles) Genus Podocnemis (South American Side-necked River Turtles)   Podocnemis expansa Giant South American River Turtle Avila-Pires 2005 Cole, Townsend, Reynolds, MacCulloch & Lathrop 2013 Donnelly, Chen & Watkins 2005 Iverson 1992 King & Burke 1989 Reynolds, MacCulloch, Tamessar, Watson, Cole & Townsend 2008 Rhodin, Iverson, Bour, Fritz, Georges, Shaffer & Dijk 2021   Podocnemis unifilis Yellow-spotted Amazon River Turtle Avila-Pires 2005 Cole, Townsend, Reynolds, MacCulloch & Lathrop 2013 Donnelly, Chen & Watkins 2005 King & Burke 1989 Reynolds, MacCulloch, Tamessar, Watson, Cole & Townsend 2008 Rhodin, Iverson, Bour, Fritz, Georges, Shaffer & Dijk 2021  Family Testudinidae (Tortoises) Genus Chelonoidis (South American Tortoises)   Chelonoidis carbonarius South American Red-footed Tortoise Avila-Pires 2005 Cole, Townsend, Reynolds, MacCulloch & Lathrop 2013 Donnelly, Chen & Watkins 2005 King & Burke 1989 MacCulloch & Reynolds 2012 Reynolds, MacCulloch, Tamessar, Watson, Cole & Townsend 2008 Rhodin, Iverson, Bour, Fritz, Georges, Shaffer & Dijk 2021   Chelonoidis denticulatus South American Yellow-footed Tortoise Avila-Pires 2005 Cole, Townsend, Reynolds, MacCulloch & Lathrop 2013 Donnelly, Chen & Watkins 2005 King & Burke 1989 Reynolds & MacCulloch 2012 Reynolds, MacCulloch, Tamessar, Watson, Cole & Townsend 2008 Rhodin, Iverson, Bour, Fritz, Georges, Shaffer & Dijk 2021