Reptiles of Maranhao [Brazil] Related checklists:  Brazil Bibliography of the reptiles of Maranhao Taxonomic history of the reptiles of Maranhao Introduced species

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Citation: Midtgaard, Rune. RepFocus - A Survey of the Reptiles of the World. www.repfocus.dk (Compilation date: 14th April, 2023).

Checklist General remarks: The list includes only formally described species. Newly discovered, but still unnamed species are excluded. However, unnamed species or species unassigned to species level are included, if they are the only representatives of their genus in the region. Species counts exclude extinct and introduced species. Doubtful records, typically older voucher specimens of uncertain origin, have been excluded if considered questionable, as are records based on sources considered unreliable or controversial. Note: Your comments to the checklist (omissions, errors, etc.) are welcomed, preferably if they are provided with reliable references. If possible, please attach a pdf file of the relevant reference to an email addressed to:

	Worm Lizards (Amphisbaenia)
	= endemicEX = extinct or assumed extinct Species References  Family Amphisbaenidae (Typical Worm Lizards) Genus Amphisbaena (Neotropical Worm Lizards)   Amphisbaena alba Common Red Worm Lizard Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Freitas, Vieira, Entiauspe-Neto, Oliveira-e-Sousa, Farias, Sousa & Moura 2017   Amphisbaena filiformis Babaculandia Worm Lizard Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Ribeiro, Gomes, Silva, Cintra & Silva 2016   Amphisbaena frontalis Alagoado Worm Lizard Amorim, Roberto & Avila 2014 [as A. ibijara] Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 [as A. ibijara] Gans 2005 [as A. ibijara] Gomes & Maciel 2012 [as A. ibijara] Miranda, Costa & Rocha 2012 [as A. ibijara] Rodrigues, Andrade & Lima 2003 [as A. ibijara]   Amphisbaena fuliginosa Spotted Worm Lizard Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Freitas, Vieira, Entiauspe-Neto, Oliveira-e-Sousa, Farias, Sousa & Moura 2017 [as amazonica] Roberto, Muniz Silva, Pinto & Avila 2021 Silveira 2007 Vanzolini 1951 [as fuliginosa] Vanzolini 2002   * Amphisbaena maranhensis Maranhao Worm Lizard Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Gomes & Maciel 2012   Amphisbaena mitchelli Marajo Worm Lizard Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021   Amphisbaena vermicularis Vermiculate Worm Lizard Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Gans & Amdur 1966 Miranda, Costa & Rocha 2012 Silva, Rocha & Nogueira-Paranhos 2016 Genus Aulura (Auro Worm Lizard)   Aulura anomala Auro Worm Lizard Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Gans 1967 Gans 1971 Gans 2005 Peters & Donoso-Barros 1970 Genus Bronia (Brazilian Worm Lizards)   * Bronia kraoh Godias Worm Lizard Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Genus Leposternon (South American Worm Lizards)   Leposternon polystegum East Brazilian Worm Lizard Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Ribeiro, Nogueira, Cintra, Silva & Zaher 2011 Ribeiro, Vaz-Silva & Santos 2008 Tavares & Ribeiro 2014

	Crocodilians (Crocodylia)
	= endemicEX = extinct or assumed extinct Species References  Family Alligatoridae (Alligators and Caimans) Genus Caiman (Typical Caimans)   Caiman crocodilus Common Caiman Araujo, Ribeiro, Andrade, Pereira, Guzzi & Avila 2020 Busack & Pandya 2001 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Freitas, Vieira, Entiauspe-Neto, Oliveira-e-Sousa, Farias, Sousa & Moura 2017 Miranda, Costa & Rocha 2012 Silva, Rocha & Nogueira-Paranhos 2016 Genus Paleosuchus (Dwarf Caimans)   Paleosuchus palpebrosus Cayenne Dwarf Caiman Araujo, Ribeiro, Andrade, Pereira, Guzzi & Avila 2020 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021   Paleosuchus trigonatus Northwestern Dwarf Caiman Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Freitas, Vieira, Entiauspe-Neto, Oliveira-e-Sousa, Farias, Sousa & Moura 2017

	Lizards (Sauria)
	= endemicEX = extinct or assumed extinct Species References  Family Anolidae (Anoles) Genus Dactyloa (Fringe-toed Anoles)   Dactyloa punctata Blue-spotted Green Anole Avila-Pires 1995 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Freitas, Vieira, Entiauspe-Neto, Oliveira-e-Sousa, Farias, Sousa & Moura 2017 Ribeiro-Junior & Amaral 2016 Ribeiro-Junior 2015 Genus Norops (Brilliant Anoles)   Norops brasiliensis Brazilian Golden-scaled Anole Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 D'Angiolella, Gamble, Avila-Pires, Colli, Noonan & Vitt 2011 Ribeiro-Junior & Amaral 2016 Ribeiro-Junior 2015   Norops fuscoauratus Lichen-coloured Anole Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Freitas, Vieira, Entiauspe-Neto, Oliveira-e-Sousa, Farias, Sousa & Moura 2017 Ribeiro-Junior & Amaral 2016 Ribeiro-Junior 2015   Norops meridionalis Paraguayan Anole Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Ribeiro-Junior & Amaral 2016 Ribeiro-Junior 2015   Norops ortonii Amazon Bark Anole Avila-Pires 1995 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Ribeiro-Junior & Amaral 2016 Ribeiro-Junior 2015  Family Gekkonidae (Typical Geckos) Genus Hemidactylus (Half-toed Geckos)   Hemidactylus agrius Piaui Half-toed Gecko Andrade, Gomes, Freire & Cruz 2004 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021   Hemidactylus brasilianus Brazilian Half-toed Gecko Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Genus Lygodactylus (African-Neotropical Dwarf Geckos)   Lygodactylus klugei Pernambuco Dwarf Gecko Lanna, Gehara, Werneck, Fonseca, Colli, Sites, Rodrigues & Garda 2020  Family Gymnophthalmidae (Scaly-tongued Spectacled Tejus) Genus Arthrosaura (Creek Tejus)   Arthrosaura reticulata Western Creek Teju Avila-Pires 1995 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Freitas, Vieira, Entiauspe-Neto, Oliveira-e-Sousa, Farias, Sousa & Moura 2017 Hoogmoed & Avila-Pires 1992 Ribeiro-Junior & Amaral 2016 Ribeiro-Junior & Amaral 2017 Genus Cercosaura (Eastern Shade Tejus)   Cercosaura argulus White-lipped Shade Teju Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Freitas, Oliveira e Sousa, Vieira, Farias & Moura 2013 Freitas, Vieira, Entiauspe-Neto, Oliveira-e-Sousa, Farias, Sousa & Moura 2017   Cercosaura olivacea East Brazilian Shade Teju Avila-Pires 1995 [as o. ocellata] Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Dantas Sales, Silva Jorge, Meira-Ribeiro & Xavier Freire 2014 [as ocellata] Freitas, Vieira, Entiauspe-Neto, Oliveira-e-Sousa, Farias, Sousa & Moura 2017 [as ocellata] Ribeiro-Junior & Amaral 2016 [as o. ocellata] Ribeiro-Junior & Amaral 2017 [as ocellata] Genus Colobosaura (Short-thumbed Spectacled Tejus)   Colobosaura modesta Morro da Garcza Spectacled Teju Avila-Pires 1995 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Freire, Jorge & Ribeiro 2012 Freitas, Vieira, Entiauspe-Neto, Oliveira-e-Sousa, Farias, Sousa & Moura 2017 Miranda, Costa & Rocha 2012 Muniz, Vega, Chaves, Moura, Santos & Moura 2012 Ribeiro-Junior & Amaral 2016 Ribeiro-Junior & Amaral 2017 Genus Loxopholis (Western Root Tejus)   Loxopholis percarinata Striped Root Teju Avila-Pires 1995 Brunes, Silva, Marques-Souza, Rodrigues & Pellegrino 2019 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Freitas, Vieira, Entiauspe-Neto, Oliveira-e-Sousa, Farias, Sousa & Moura 2017 Ribeiro-Junior & Amaral 2016 Ribeiro-Junior & Amaral 2017 Genus Micrablepharus (Snake-eyed Glossy Tejus)   Micrablepharus maximiliani Blue-tailed Snake-eyed Glossy Teju Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Freitas, Vieira, Entiauspe-Neto, Oliveira-e-Sousa, Farias, Sousa & Moura 2017 Moura, Dayrell & Avelar Sao Pedro 2010 Ribeiro-Junior & Amaral 2016 Ribeiro-Junior & Amaral 2017 Rodrigues 1996 Silva, Rocha & Nogueira-Paranhos 2016 Genus Neusticurus (Guianan Water Tejus)   Neusticurus bicarinatus Two-keeled Water Teju Avila-Pires 1995 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Freitas, Vieira, Entiauspe-Neto, Oliveira-e-Sousa, Farias, Sousa & Moura 2017 Ribeiro-Junior & Amaral 2016 Ribeiro-Junior & Amaral 2017  Family Hoplocercidae (Club-tailed Iguanas) Genus Hoplocercus (Eastern Club-tailed Iguana)   Hoplocercus spinosus Eastern Club-tailed Iguana Avila-Pires 1995 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Nascimento, Avila Pires & Cunha 1988 Ribeiro-Junior & Amaral 2016 Ribeiro-Junior 2015  Family Iguanidae (Greater Iguanas) Genus Iguana (Green Iguanas)   Iguana iguana South American Green Iguana Araujo, Ribeiro, Andrade, Pereira, Guzzi & Avila 2020 Avila-Pires 1995 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Freitas, Vieira, Entiauspe-Neto, Oliveira-e-Sousa, Farias, Sousa & Moura 2017 Miranda, Costa & Rocha 2012 Ribeiro-Junior & Amaral 2016 Ribeiro-Junior 2015 Silva, Rocha & Nogueira-Paranhos 2016 Vanzolini 1972  Family Leiosauridae (Smooth Iguanas) Genus Enyalius (Fat-headed Anoles)   Enyalius leechii Hexagon Fat-headed Anole Avila-Pires 1995 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Freitas, Vieira, Entiauspe-Neto, Oliveira-e-Sousa, Farias, Sousa & Moura 2017 Ribeiro-Junior & Amaral 2016 Ribeiro-Junior 2015  Family Phyllodactylidae (Leaf-toed Geckos) Genus Gymnodactylus (Naked-toed Geckos)   Gymnodactylus amarali Maranhao Naked-toed Gecko Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Ribeiro-Junior & Amaral 2016 Ribeiro-Junior 2015 Vanzolini 2005 [as carvalhoi] Genus Phyllopezus (South American Robust Geckos)   Phyllopezus pollicaris Common Robust Gecko Condez, Tonini, Pereira-Ribeiro & Dubeux 2021 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Peters & Donoso-Barros 1970 Ribeiro-Junior & Amaral 2016 Ribeiro-Junior 2015 Vanzolini 1968 Genus Thecadactylus (Turnip-tailed Geckos)   Thecadactylus rapicauda Northern Turnip-tailed Gecko Avila-Pires 1995 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Freitas, Vieira, Entiauspe-Neto, Oliveira-e-Sousa, Farias, Sousa & Moura 2017 Hoogmoed 1973 Koehler & Vesely 2011 Ribeiro-Junior & Amaral 2016 Ribeiro-Junior 2015 Vanzolini 1968  Family Polychrotidae (Monkey Lizards) Genus Polychrus (Monkey Lizards)   Polychrus acutirostris Sharp-nosed Monkey Lizard Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Freitas, Vieira, Entiauspe-Neto, Oliveira-e-Sousa, Farias, Sousa & Moura 2017 Miranda, Costa & Rocha 2012 Ribeiro-Junior & Amaral 2016 Ribeiro-Junior 2015 Silva, Rocha & Nogueira-Paranhos 2016 Vanzolini 1983   Polychrus marmoratus Marbled Monkey Lizard Araujo-Neto, Tiburcio, Galdino, Goncalves & Silva 2012 Avila-Pires 1995 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Freitas, Vieira, Entiauspe-Neto, Oliveira-e-Sousa, Farias, Sousa & Moura 2017 Ribeiro-Junior & Amaral 2016 Ribeiro-Junior 2015  Family Scincidae (Skinks) Genus Brasiliscincus (Brazilian Small-headed Skinks)   Brasiliscincus heathi Caatinga Small-headed Skink Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Miranda, Costa & Rocha 2012 Silva, Rocha & Nogueira-Paranhos 2016 Genus Copeoglossum (Neotropical Spotted Skinks)   Copeoglossum nigropunctatum Black-spotted Skink Avila-Pires 1995 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Freitas, Vieira, Entiauspe-Neto, Oliveira-e-Sousa, Farias, Sousa & Moura 2017 Miralles, Barrio-Amoros, Rivas & Chaparro-Auza 2006 Miralles, Rivas-Fuenmayor & Barrio-Amoros 2005 Ribeiro-Junior & Amaral 2016 Genus Manciola (South American Small-handed Skink)   Manciola guaporicola South American Small-handed Skink Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Silva, Bras, Serra, Andrade & Costa 2021 Genus Notomabuya (Southern Neotropical Skink)   Notomabuya frenata Southern Neotropical Skink Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Pinto, Santos Cruz, Batista, Pereira & Penhacek 2017 Ribeiro-Junior & Amaral 2016 Genus Varzea (Amazonian Floodplain Skinks)   Varzea bistriata Lower Amazon Floodplain Skink Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Miranda, Costa & Rocha 2012 Ribeiro-Junior & Amaral 2016  Family Sphaerodactylidae (Least Geckos, etc.) Genus Coleodactylus (Sheath-toed Pygmy Geckos)   Coleodactylus meridionalis Atlantic Forest Pygmy Gecko Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Freitas, Vieira, Entiauspe-Neto, Oliveira-e-Sousa, Farias, Sousa & Moura 2017 [as septentrionalis] Geurgas, Rodrigues & Moritz 2008 Ribeiro-Junior & Amaral 2016 Ribeiro-Junior 2015 Silva, Rocha & Nogueira-Paranhos 2016   Coleodactylus septentrionalis Northern Pygmy Gecko Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Genus Gonatodes (American Padless Geckos)   Gonatodes humeralis Bridled Forest Gecko Avila-Pires 1995 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Freitas, Vieira, Entiauspe-Neto, Oliveira-e-Sousa, Farias, Sousa & Moura 2017 Hoogmoed 1973 Miranda, Costa & Rocha 2012 Ribeiro-Junior & Amaral 2016 Ribeiro-Junior 2015 Silva, Rocha & Nogueira-Paranhos 2016 Vanzolini 1968  Family Teiidae (Greater Tejus) Genus Ameiva (South American Ameivas)   Ameiva ameiva South American Giant Ameiva Avila-Pires 1995 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Freitas, Vieira, Entiauspe-Neto, Oliveira-e-Sousa, Farias, Sousa & Moura 2017 Miranda, Costa & Rocha 2012 Ribeiro-Junior & Amaral 2016 Silva, Rocha & Nogueira-Paranhos 2016 Genus Ameivula (Eastern South American Whiptails)   Ameivula ocellifera Brazilian Ocellated Whiptail Aparicio, Avila-Pires, Moravec & Nogueira 2019 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Cunha 1961 Miranda, Costa & Rocha 2012   Ameivula pyrrhogularis Flame-throated Whiptail Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Silva, Rocha & Nogueira-Paranhos 2016 Genus Cnemidophorus (Southern Whiptails)   Cnemidophorus cryptus Bolivar Whiptail Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Freitas, Vieira, Entiauspe-Neto, Oliveira-e-Sousa, Farias, Sousa & Moura 2017 Ribeiro-Junior & Amaral 2016 Genus Dracaena (Caiman Lizards)   Dracaena guianensis Northern Caiman Lizard Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Freitas, Vieira, Entiauspe-Neto, Oliveira-e-Sousa, Farias, Sousa & Moura 2017 Ribeiro-Junior & Amaral 2016 Genus Kentropyx (Spurred Whiptails)   Kentropyx calcarata Striped Forest Whiptail Avila-Pires 1995 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Freitas, Vieira, Entiauspe-Neto, Oliveira-e-Sousa, Farias, Sousa & Moura 2017 Gallagher & Dixon 1992 Miranda, Costa & Rocha 2012 Ribeiro-Junior & Amaral 2016 Genus Salvator (Southern Tejus)   Salvator merianae Southern Black-and-White Teju Avila-Pires 1995 Colli, Peres & Cunha 1998 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Freitas, Vieira, Entiauspe-Neto, Oliveira-e-Sousa, Farias, Sousa & Moura 2017 Ribeiro-Junior & Amaral 2016 Silva, Rocha & Nogueira-Paranhos 2016 Genus Tupinambis (Northern Tejus)   Tupinambis quadrilineatus Four-striped Teju Abrahao-Morato, Meer, Bornschein, Vieira Capela, Almeida Ulandowski & Zampier 2015 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Freitas & Barbosa de Moura 2013 Ribeiro-Junior & Amaral 2016 Silva, Ribeiro-Junior & Avila-Pires 2018   Tupinambis teguixin Amazonian Black-and-White Teju Avila-Pires 1995 Colli, Peres & Cunha 1998 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Freitas, Vieira, Entiauspe-Neto, Oliveira-e-Sousa, Farias, Sousa & Moura 2017 Miranda, Costa & Rocha 2012 Murphy, Jowers, Lehtinen, Charles, Colli, Peres, Hendry & Pyron 2016 [based on map] Passos, Lima-Araujo, Melo & Borges-Nojosa 2013 Ribeiro-Junior & Amaral 2016 Silva, Ribeiro-Junior & Avila-Pires 2018  Family Tropiduridae (Rough-tailed Iguanas) Genus Plica (Tree Runners)   Plica umbra Smooth-necked Tree Runner Avila-Pires 1995 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Freitas, Vieira, Entiauspe-Neto, Oliveira-e-Sousa, Farias, Sousa & Moura 2017 Ribeiro-Junior & Amaral 2016 Ribeiro-Junior 2015 Genus Stenocercus (Whorl-tailed Iguanas)   Stenocercus dumerilii Para Whorl-tailed Iguana Andrade, Lima & Maciel 2003 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Freitas, Vieira, Entiauspe-Neto, Oliveira-e-Sousa, Farias, Sousa & Moura 2017 Ribeiro-Junior & Amaral 2016 Ribeiro-Junior 2015 Torres-Carvajal 2007 Genus Tropidurus (Eastern Keel-tailed Iguanas)   Tropidurus hispidus Spotted Keel-tailed Iguana Araujo, Ribeiro, Andrade, Pereira, Guzzi & Avila 2020 Avila-Pires 1995 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Freitas, Vieira, Entiauspe-Neto, Oliveira-e-Sousa, Farias, Sousa & Moura 2017 Miranda, Costa & Rocha 2012 Ribeiro-Junior & Amaral 2016 Ribeiro-Junior 2015 Rodrigues 1987 Silva, Rocha & Nogueira-Paranhos 2016 Sousa Abreu, Frota & Yuki 2002   Tropidurus oreadicus Cerrado Keel-tailed Iguana Avila-Pires 1995 Carvalho 2013 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Ribeiro-Junior & Amaral 2016 Ribeiro-Junior 2015 Rodrigues 1987 Santos, Sousa Abreu & Frota 2002   Tropidurus semitaeniatus Striped Keel-tailed Iguana Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Silva, Rocha & Nogueira-Paranhos 2016   Tropidurus torquatus Collared Keel-tailed Iguana Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Rodrigues 1987 Genus Uracentron (South American Spiny-tailed Iguanas)   Uracentron azureum Green Spiny-tailed Iguana Avila-Pires 1995 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Etheridge 1968 Freitas, Vieira, Entiauspe-Neto, Oliveira-e-Sousa, Farias, Sousa & Moura 2017 Genus Uranoscodon (Mop-headed Iguana)   Uranoscodon superciliosus Mop-headed Iguana Avila-Pires 1995 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Freitas, Vieira, Entiauspe-Neto, Oliveira-e-Sousa, Farias, Sousa & Moura 2017 Ribeiro-Junior & Amaral 2016 Ribeiro-Junior 2015

	Snakes (Serpentes)
	= endemicEX = extinct or assumed extinct Species References  Family Aniliidae (South American Pipe Snake) Genus Anilius (South American Pipe Snake)   Anilius scytale South American Pipe Snake Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Freitas, Vieira, Entiauspe-Neto, Oliveira-e-Sousa, Farias, Sousa & Moura 2017 Maschio, Prudente, Rodrigues & Hoogmoed 2010  Family Boidae (Typical Boas) Genus Boa (Red-tailed Boas)   Boa constrictor South American Red-tailed Boa Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Freitas, Vieira, Entiauspe-Neto, Oliveira-e-Sousa, Farias, Sousa & Moura 2017 Hoge, Romano & Cordeiro 1978 Miranda, Costa & Rocha 2012 Miranda, Matos, Araujo, Scarpa & Rocha 2013 Silva, Rocha & Nogueira-Paranhos 2016 Genus Corallus (Tree Boas)   Corallus batesii Southern Emerald Tree Boa Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Henderson, Passos & Feitosa 2009   Corallus hortulana Amazon Tree Boa Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Freitas, Vieira, Entiauspe-Neto, Oliveira-e-Sousa, Farias, Sousa & Moura 2017 Hoge, Romano & Cordeiro 1978 [as enydris] Genus Epicrates (Rainbow Boas)   Epicrates cenchria Common Rainbow Boa Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Freitas, Vieira, Entiauspe-Neto, Oliveira-e-Sousa, Farias, Sousa & Moura 2017 Hoge, Romano & Cordeiro 1978 Passos & Fernandes 2008   Epicrates crassus Paraguayan Rainbow Boa Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Genus Eunectes (Anacondas)   Eunectes murinus Green Anaconda Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Dirksen 2002 Freitas, Vieira, Entiauspe-Neto, Oliveira-e-Sousa, Farias, Sousa & Moura 2017 Miranda, Costa & Rocha 2012 Silva, Rocha & Nogueira-Paranhos 2016  Family Colubridae (Typical Snakes or Colubrids) Genus Adelphostigma (Twin-spotted Leaf-litter Snakes)   Adelphostigma occipitalis Bahia Leaf-litter Snake Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Miranda, Costa & Rocha 2012   Adelphostigma quadriocellata Four-spotted Leaf-litter Snake Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Freitas, Vieira, Entiauspe-Neto, Oliveira-e-Sousa, Farias, Sousa & Moura 2017 Genus Apostolepis (Black-tailed Blackheads)   Apostolepis cearensis Caatinga Blackhead Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021   Apostolepis longicaudata Piaui Blackhead Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021   Apostolepis nigrolineata Para Blackhead Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Entiauspe-Neto, Koch, Guedes & Tiutenko 2020 Lema & Albuquerque 2010 [as pymi] Lema 2001 Lema, Queiroz & Martins 2017   Apostolepis polylepis Hawkbeak Blackhead Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021   Apostolepis sanctaeritae Tocantins Blackhead Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Genus Atractus (Spindle Snakes)   * Atractus akerios Nova Vida Spindle Snake Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Melo-Sampaio, Passos, Prudente, Venegas & Torres-Carvajal 2021   Atractus alphonsehogei Bela Vista Spindle Snake Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Freitas, Vieira, Entiauspe-Neto, Oliveira-e-Sousa, Farias, Sousa & Moura 2017 Passos & Fernandes 2008 Passos, Prudente, Ramos, Caicedo-Portilla & Lynch 2018 Passos, Ramos, Pinna & Prudente 2013 Prudente & Passos 2010 Wallach, Williams & Boundy 2014   Atractus snethlageae Gurupi River Spindle Snake Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Freitas, Vieira, Entiauspe-Neto, Oliveira-e-Sousa, Farias, Sousa & Moura 2017 Melo-Sampaio, Passos, Prudente, Venegas & Torres-Carvajal 2021 Passos & Fernandes 2008 Passos, Ramos, Fouquet & Prudente 2017   Atractus tartarus Vila Palestina Spindle Snake Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Passos, Prudente & Lynch 2016 Genus Chironius (Sipos)   Chironius carinatus Yellow-lipped Sipo Araujo, Franca, Nascimento, Orsi Laranjeiras & Rodrigues Franca 2019 Araujo, Ribeiro, Andrade, Pereira, Guzzi & Avila 2020 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Dixon, Wiest & Cei 1993 Freitas, Vieira, Entiauspe-Neto, Oliveira-e-Sousa, Farias, Sousa & Moura 2017 Hoge, Romano & Cordeiro 1978   Chironius exoletus Green Sipo Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Dixon, Wiest & Cei 1993 Freitas, Vieira, Entiauspe-Neto, Oliveira-e-Sousa, Farias, Sousa & Moura 2017 Hoge, Romano & Cordeiro 1978   Chironius flavolineatus Yellow-striped Sipo Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Hamdan & Fernandes 2015 Hamdan, Scali & Fernandes 2014 Miranda, Costa & Rocha 2012   Chironius fuscus Brown Sipo Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Dixon, Wiest & Cei 1993 Freitas, Vieira, Entiauspe-Neto, Oliveira-e-Sousa, Farias, Sousa & Moura 2017   Chironius multiventris Peruvian Sipo Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Dixon, Wiest & Cei 1993 [as cochranae] Freitas, Vieira, Entiauspe-Neto, Oliveira-e-Sousa, Farias, Sousa & Moura 2017   Chironius scurrulus Rusty Sipo Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Dixon, Wiest & Cei 1993 Freitas, Vieira, Entiauspe-Neto, Oliveira-e-Sousa, Farias, Sousa & Moura 2017 Genus Chlorosoma (Green Bush Racers)   Chlorosoma viridissimum Emerald Bush Racer Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Entiauspe-Neto, Abegg, Rocha & Loebmann 2018 Freitas, Franca & Bernarde 2012 Freitas, Vieira, Entiauspe-Neto, Oliveira-e-Sousa, Farias, Sousa & Moura 2017 Genus Clelia (Northern Snake Eaters)   Clelia clelia Common Snake Eater Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Giraudo & Scrocchi 2002   Clelia plumbea Plumbeous Snake Eater Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Freitas, Vieira, Entiauspe-Neto, Oliveira-e-Sousa, Farias, Sousa & Moura 2017 Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 Genus Dipsas (Neotropical Snail Eaters)   Dipsas catesbyi Ornate Snail Eater Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Freitas, Vieira, Entiauspe-Neto, Oliveira-e-Sousa, Farias, Sousa & Moura 2017 Lima & Prudente 2009 Sanchez-Martinez, Franca & Trevine 2022   Dipsas mikanii Brazilian White-collared Snail Eater Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Cunha, Nascimento & Hoge 1980 Freitas, Almeida, Almeida, Danin & Moura 2014 Freitas, Vieira, Entiauspe-Neto, Oliveira-e-Sousa, Farias, Sousa & Moura 2017   Dipsas pavonina Northern Snail Eater Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Lima & Prudente 2009   Dipsas variegata Many-banded Snail Eater Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Freitas, Vieira, Entiauspe-Neto, Oliveira-e-Sousa, Farias, Sousa & Moura 2017 Genus Drepanoides (Amazon Egg Eater)   Drepanoides anomalus Amazon Egg Eater Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Guedes, Queiroz, Sousa & Hamdan 2020 Genus Drymarchon (Indigo Snakes and Cribos)   Drymarchon corais Yellow-tailed Cribo Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Freitas, Vieira, Entiauspe-Neto, Oliveira-e-Sousa, Farias, Sousa & Moura 2017 Hoge, Romano & Cordeiro 1978 Miranda, Costa & Rocha 2012 Prudente, Menks, Silva & Maschio 2014 Silva, Rocha & Nogueira-Paranhos 2016 Genus Drymoluber (Glossy Racers)   Drymoluber dichrous Northern Glossy Racer Caldeira-Costa, Ribeiro-Moura & Neves-Feio 2013 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Freitas, Vieira, Entiauspe-Neto, Oliveira-e-Sousa, Farias, Sousa & Moura 2017 Genus Dryophylax (Northern Mock Vipers)   Dryophylax hypoconia Southern Mock Viper Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Miranda, Costa & Rocha 2012 Genus Erythrolamprus (Neotropical Smooth Snakes)   Erythrolamprus aesculapii Southern Mock Coral Snake Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Curcio, Scali & Rodrigues 2015 Freitas, Vieira, Entiauspe-Neto, Oliveira-e-Sousa, Farias, Sousa & Moura 2017   Erythrolamprus almadensis Almada Smooth Snake Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Rufino 1999   Erythrolamprus miliaris Military Smooth Snake Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Freitas, Vieira, Entiauspe-Neto, Oliveira-e-Sousa, Farias, Sousa & Moura 2017   Erythrolamprus oligolepis Para Smooth Snake Ascenso, Costa & Prudente 2019 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Franca, Freitas, Bernarde & Uhlig 2013 Freitas, Vieira, Entiauspe-Neto, Oliveira-e-Sousa, Farias, Sousa & Moura 2017   Erythrolamprus poecilogyrus Yellow-bellied Smooth Snake Araujo, Ribeiro, Andrade, Pereira, Guzzi & Avila 2020 Ascenso, Costa & Prudente 2019 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Freitas, Vieira, Entiauspe-Neto, Oliveira-e-Sousa, Farias, Sousa & Moura 2017 Hoge, Romano & Cordeiro 1978 Miranda, Costa & Rocha 2012 Rufino 1998   Erythrolamprus reginae Northern Royal Smooth Snake Ascenso, Costa & Prudente 2019 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Hoge, Romano & Cordeiro 1978   Erythrolamprus taeniogaster Banded Smooth Snake Ascenso, Costa & Prudente 2019 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Miranda, Costa & Rocha 2012   Erythrolamprus typhlus Velvety Smooth Snake Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Dixon 1987   Erythrolamprus viridis Brazilian Green Smooth Snake Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Dixon 1987 Silva, Rocha & Nogueira-Paranhos 2016 Genus Helicops (South American Keelbacks)   Helicops angulatus Brown-banded Keelback Borges-Nojosa, Dourado de Mesquita & Fernandes-Ferreira 2008 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Freitas, Vieira, Entiauspe-Neto, Oliveira-e-Sousa, Farias, Sousa & Moura 2017 Frota 2005 Hoge, Romano & Cordeiro 1978 Miranda, Costa & Rocha 2012 Moraes-da-Silva, Amaro, Sales Nunes, Rodrigues & Curcio 2021 Moraes-da-Silva, Amaro, Sales Nunes, Strussmann, Teixeira, Andrade, Sudre, Recoder, Rodrigues & Curcio 2019 Roberto, Ribeiro, Sousa-Delfino & Oliveira-Almeida 2009 Silva, Rocha & Nogueira-Paranhos 2016   Helicops leopardinus Leopard Keelback Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Moraes-da-Silva, Amaro, Sales Nunes, Rodrigues & Curcio 2021   Helicops phantasma Phantom Keelback Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Moraes-da-Silva, Amaro, Sales Nunes, Rodrigues & Curcio 2021   Helicops trivittatus Three-striped Keelback Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Moraes-da-Silva, Amaro, Sales Nunes, Rodrigues & Curcio 2021 Moraes-da-Silva, Amaro, Sales Nunes, Strussmann, Teixeira, Andrade, Sudre, Recoder, Rodrigues & Curcio 2019 Oliveira, Silva, Santos, Barriga, Gabriel & Costa-Campos 2015 Genus Hydrodynastes (False Water Cobras)   Hydrodynastes bicinctus Two-banded False Water Cobra Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Franco, Fernandes & Bentim 2007   Hydrodynastes gigas Giant False Water Cobra Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Franco, Fernandes & Bentim 2007 Miranda, Costa & Rocha 2012   Hydrodynastes melanogigas Black False Water Cobra Santos-Junior, Adams, Buhler, Ribeiro & Carvalho 2017 Silva, Hamdan, Tonial, Silva & Cintra 2012 Genus Hydrops (South American Mud Snakes)   Hydrops martii Coral Mud Snake Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Entiauspe-Neto, Abegg, Pinheiro, Borges & Loebmann 2017 Freitas, Vieira, Entiauspe-Neto, Oliveira-e-Sousa, Farias, Sousa & Moura 2017 Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 Roze 1957   Hydrops triangularis Red-sided Mud Snake Albuquerque & Lema 2008 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Guedes, Nogueira & Marques 2014 Zaher & Caramaschi 1996 Genus Imantodes (American Blunt-headed Tree Snakes)   Imantodes cenchoa Common Blunt-headed Tree Snake Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Freitas, Vieira, Entiauspe-Neto, Oliveira-e-Sousa, Farias, Sousa & Moura 2017 Genus Leptodeira (Typical Cat-eyed Snakes)   Leptodeira annulata South American Banded Cat-eyed Snake Barrio-Amoros 2019 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Duellman 1958 Freitas, Vieira, Entiauspe-Neto, Oliveira-e-Sousa, Farias, Sousa & Moura 2017 Miranda, Costa & Rocha 2012 Silva, Rocha & Nogueira-Paranhos 2016 Genus Leptophis (Neotropical Parrot Snakes)   Leptophis ahaetulla Common Green Parrot Snake Albuquerque & Fernandes 2022 Albuquerque, Santos, Borges-Nojosa & Avila 2022 Araujo, Ribeiro, Andrade, Pereira, Guzzi & Avila 2020 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Freitas, Vieira, Entiauspe-Neto, Oliveira-e-Sousa, Farias, Sousa & Moura 2017 Hoge, Romano & Cordeiro 1978 Miranda, Costa & Rocha 2012 Oliver 1948 Genus Lygophis (South American Striped Ground Snakes)   Lygophis dilepis Northern Striped Ground Snake Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021   Lygophis lineatus Western Striped Ground Snake Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Hoge, Romano & Cordeiro 1978   Lygophis meridionalis Paraguayan Striped Ground Snake Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Miranda, Costa & Rocha 2012   Lygophis paucidens Cerrado Striped Ground Snake Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Serrano, Vieira-Alencar, Diaz-Ricaurte & Nogueira 2020 Silva, Rocha & Nogueira-Paranhos 2016 Genus Mastigodryas (Neotropical Lizard Eaters)   Mastigodryas boddaerti Brown Lizard Eater Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Freitas, Vieira, Entiauspe-Neto, Oliveira-e-Sousa, Farias, Sousa & Moura 2017 Hoge, Romano & Cordeiro 1978 Siqueira, Nascimento & Santos-Costa 2012 Siqueira, Nascimento, Montingelli & Santos-Costa 2013 Genus Oxybelis (Neotropical Vine Snakes)   Oxybelis aeneus Brown Vine Snake Araujo, Ribeiro, Andrade, Pereira, Guzzi & Avila 2020 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Freitas, Vieira, Entiauspe-Neto, Oliveira-e-Sousa, Farias, Sousa & Moura 2017 Hoge, Romano & Cordeiro 1978 Miranda, Costa & Rocha 2012   Oxybelis fulgidus Green Vine Snake Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Freitas, Vieira, Entiauspe-Neto, Oliveira-e-Sousa, Farias, Sousa & Moura 2017 Hoge, Romano & Cordeiro 1978 Miranda, Costa & Rocha 2012 Scartozzoni, Salomao & Almeida-Santos 2009 Genus Oxyrhopus (Calico Snakes)   Oxyrhopus formosus Yellow-headed Calico Snake Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021   Oxyrhopus guibei Parana Calico Snake Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021   Oxyrhopus melanogenys Black-headed Calico Snake Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Cunha & Nascimento 1983 Freitas, Vieira, Entiauspe-Neto, Oliveira-e-Sousa, Farias, Sousa & Moura 2017   Oxyrhopus petolarius Banded Calico Snake Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Freitas, Vieira, Entiauspe-Neto, Oliveira-e-Sousa, Farias, Sousa & Moura 2017   Oxyrhopus trigeminus Northern Brazilian Calico Snake Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Hoge, Romano & Cordeiro 1978 Miranda, Costa & Rocha 2012 Silva, Rocha & Nogueira-Paranhos 2016 Genus Palusophis (Eastern Lizard Eater)   Palusophis bifossatus Eastern Lizard Eater Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Freitas, Vieira, Entiauspe-Neto, Oliveira-e-Sousa, Farias, Sousa & Moura 2017 Miranda, Costa & Rocha 2012 Montingelli 2009 Montingelli, Grazziotin, Battilana, Murphy, Zhang & Zaher 2019 Genus Phalotris (South American Collared Snakes)   Phalotris labiomaculatus Lip-spotted Collared Snake Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Entiauspe-Neto, Tiutenko, Santos Azevedo & Abegg 2021 Hamdan, Silva, Silva, Cintra & Lema 2013 Lema 2002 Genus Philodryas (South American Bush Racers)   Philodryas nattereri Paraguay Bush Racer Araujo, Ribeiro, Andrade, Pereira, Guzzi & Avila 2020 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Miranda, Costa & Rocha 2012 Smith, Scott, Cacciali, Atkinson & Pheasey 2013   Philodryas olfersii Common Green Bush Racer Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Freitas, Vieira, Entiauspe-Neto, Oliveira-e-Sousa, Farias, Sousa & Moura 2017 Miranda, Costa & Rocha 2012 Genus Phimophis (South American Shovel-nosed Snakes)   Phimophis guerini Argentine Shovel-nosed Snake Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Genus Phrynonax (Neotropical Bird Snakes)   Phrynonax sexcarinatus Southern Bird Snake Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 [as polylepis] Freitas, Vieira, Entiauspe-Neto, Oliveira-e-Sousa, Farias, Sousa & Moura 2017 [as poecilonotus] Genus Pseudablabes (Reticulated Bush Racers)   Pseudablabes patagoniensis Patagonian Bush Racer Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Gouveia, Novelli, Vieira & Sousa 2017 Genus Pseudoboa (Neotropical Scarlet Snakes)   Pseudoboa coronata Black-headed Scarlet Snake Caldeira Costa, Cotta & MacCulloch 2015 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Freitas, Vieira, Entiauspe-Neto, Oliveira-e-Sousa, Farias, Sousa & Moura 2017 Zaher, Oliveira & Franco 2008   Pseudoboa neuwiedii Northern Scarlet Snake Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Freitas, Vieira, Entiauspe-Neto, Oliveira-e-Sousa, Farias, Sousa & Moura 2017 Zaher, Oliveira & Franco 2008   Pseudoboa nigra Blackish Scarlet Snake Araujo, Ribeiro, Andrade, Pereira, Guzzi & Avila 2020 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Freitas, Vieira, Entiauspe-Neto, Oliveira-e-Sousa, Farias, Sousa & Moura 2017 Orofino, Pizzatto & Marques 2010 Genus Pseudoeryx (Dusky Mud Snakes)   Pseudoeryx plicatilis Dusky Mud Snake Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Freitas, Vieira, Entiauspe-Neto, Oliveira-e-Sousa, Farias, Sousa & Moura 2017 Scartozzoni, Trevine & Germano 2010 Genus Psomophis (Smooth Ground Snakes)   Psomophis joberti Brazilian Ground Snake Araujo, Ribeiro, Andrade, Pereira, Guzzi & Avila 2020 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Miranda, Costa & Rocha 2012 Silva, Rocha & Nogueira-Paranhos 2016 Genus Rhinobothryum (Ringed Snakes)   Rhinobothryum lentiginosum Amazon Ringed Snake Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Freitas, Vieira, Entiauspe-Neto, Oliveira-e-Sousa, Farias, Sousa & Moura 2017 Genus Rodriguesophis (Collared Sharp-nosed Snakes)   Rodriguesophis iglesiasi Piaui Sharp-nosed Snake Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Genus Sibon (Neotropical Snail Eaters)   Sibon nebulatus Cloudy Snail Eater Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Franca, Oitaven, Moura, Freitas & Franca 2018 Freitas, Vieira, Entiauspe-Neto, Oliveira-e-Sousa, Farias, Sousa & Moura 2017 Genus Siphlophis (Liana Snakes)   Siphlophis cervinus Common Liana Snake Chippaux 1987 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Freitas, Vieira, Entiauspe-Neto, Oliveira-e-Sousa, Farias, Sousa & Moura 2017 Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 Zaher & Prudente 1999 Genus Spilotes (Chicken Snakes)   Spilotes pullatus Chicken Snake Araujo, Ribeiro, Andrade, Pereira, Guzzi & Avila 2020 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Freitas, Vieira, Entiauspe-Neto, Oliveira-e-Sousa, Farias, Sousa & Moura 2017 Miranda, Costa & Rocha 2012 Silva, Rocha & Nogueira-Paranhos 2016   Spilotes sulphureus Yellow-bellied Puffing Snake Andrade, Santos-Almeida & Reis-Dias 2017 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Genus Taeniophallus (Lowland Dwarf Leaf-litter Snakes)   Taeniophallus brevirostris Short-nosed Leaf-litter Snake Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Morais, Mott, Kawashita-Ribeiro & Santos 2010 Genus Tantilla (American Centipede Snakes)   Tantilla melanocephala South American Black-headed Centipede Snake Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Freitas, Vieira, Entiauspe-Neto, Oliveira-e-Sousa, Farias, Sousa & Moura 2017 Miranda, Costa & Rocha 2012 Silva, Rocha & Nogueira-Paranhos 2016 Genus Thamnodynastes (South American Mock Vipers)   Thamnodynastes pallidus Common South American Mock Viper Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Trevine, Caicedo-Portilla, Hoogmoed, Thomas, Franco, Montingelli, Osorno-Munoz & Zaher 2021 Genus Xenodon (Northern Mock Lanceheads and South American Hognose Snakes)   Xenodon merremii Toad-eating Mock Lancehead Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Freitas, Vieira, Entiauspe-Neto, Oliveira-e-Sousa, Farias, Sousa & Moura 2017 Miranda, Costa & Rocha 2012 Silva, Rocha & Nogueira-Paranhos 2016   Xenodon rabdocephalus Common Mock Lancehead Andrade-Lima, Freitas, Dubeux, Sales Nunes, Roberto & Carvalho Kokubum 2020 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Genus Xenopholis (South American Flat-headed Snakes)   Xenopholis undulatus Southern Flat-headed Snake Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Loebmann 2009 Genus Xenoxybelis (South American Vine Snakes)   Xenoxybelis argenteus Green-striped Vine Snake Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Prudente, Silva, Rocha & Franco 2008  Family Elapidae [part 1: terrestrial species] (Cobras, Mambas, etc.) Genus Micrurus (American Coral Snakes)   Micrurus brasiliensis Brazilian Coral Snake Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 David, Dobiey & Vogel 2018 Pires, Silva, Feitosa, Prudente, Filho & Zaher 2014   Micrurus filiformis South American Slender Coral Snake Campbell & Lamar 2004 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Freitas, Vieira, Entiauspe-Neto, Oliveira-e-Sousa, Farias, Sousa & Moura 2017 Roze 1996   Micrurus hemprichii Worm-eating Coral Snake Campbell & Lamar 2004 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Freitas, Vieira, Entiauspe-Neto, Oliveira-e-Sousa, Farias, Sousa & Moura 2017 Nascimento, Silva, Feitosa & Prudente 2019   Micrurus ibiboboca Caatinga Coral Snake Campbell & Lamar 2004 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Hoge & Romano Hoge 1981 Miranda, Costa & Rocha 2012 Pires, Silva, Feitosa, Prudente, Filho & Zaher 2014 Roze 1996 Silva, Rocha & Nogueira-Paranhos 2016 [as "aff. ibiboboca"] Vanzolini, Ramos-Costa & Vitt 1980   Micrurus lemniscatus Northern Ribbon Coral Snake Campbell & Lamar 2004 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 David, Dobiey & Vogel 2018 Freitas, Vieira, Entiauspe-Neto, Oliveira-e-Sousa, Farias, Sousa & Moura 2017 Roze 1996   Micrurus paraensis Para Coral Snake Campbell & Lamar 2004 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Feitosa, Prudente & Lima 2007 Feitosa, Silva, Pires, Zaher & Prudente 2015 Nascimento, Avila Pires & Cunha 1988 Roze 1996   Micrurus spixii Central Amazonian Coral Snake Campbell & Lamar 2004 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Freitas, Vieira, Entiauspe-Neto, Oliveira-e-Sousa, Farias, Sousa & Moura 2017 Hoge & Romano Hoge 1981 Nascimento, Silva, Feitosa & Prudente 2019   Micrurus surinamensis Amazonian Aquatic Coral Snake Campbell & Lamar 2004 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Freitas, Vieira, Entiauspe-Neto, Oliveira-e-Sousa, Farias, Sousa & Moura 2017 Nascimento, Silva, Feitosa & Prudente 2019 Roze 1996  Family Leptotyphlopidae (Thread Snakes) Genus Trilepida (Three-scaled Thread Snakes)   Trilepida brasiliensis Bahia Thread Snake Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Pinto & Curcio 2011 Pinto & Fernandes 2012   Trilepida fuliginosa Preto River Thread Snake Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Guedes, Queiroz, Sousa & Hamdan 2020   Trilepida macrolepis Large-scaled Thread Snake Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021  Family Typhlopidae (Typical Blind Snakes) Genus Amerotyphlops (American Blind Snakes)   Amerotyphlops amoipira Amoipira Blind Snake Graboski, Arredondo, Grazziotin, Silva, Prudente, Rodrigues, Bonatto & Zaher 2019   Amerotyphlops brongersmianus Bahia Blind Snake Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Freitas, Vieira, Entiauspe-Neto, Oliveira-e-Sousa, Farias, Sousa & Moura 2017 Loebmann 2008   Amerotyphlops paucisquamus Small-scaled Blind Snake Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Graboski, Arredondo, Grazziotin, Silva, Prudente, Rodrigues, Bonatto & Zaher 2019   Amerotyphlops reticulatus Reticulated Blind Snake Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021  Family Viperidae (Vipers) Genus Bothrops (American Lanceheads)   Bothrops atrox Common Lancehead Campbell & Lamar 2004 Carrasco, Grazziotin, Farfan, Koch, Ochoa, Scrocchi, Leynaud & Chaparro 2019 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Freitas, Vieira, Entiauspe-Neto, Oliveira-e-Sousa, Farias, Sousa & Moura 2017 Hoge & Romano Hoge 1981 Hoge, Romano & Cordeiro 1978   Bothrops marajoensis Marajo Lancehead Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021   Bothrops taeniatus Speckled Forest Pitviper Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Freitas, Vieira, Entiauspe-Neto, Oliveira-e-Sousa, Farias, Sousa & Moura 2017 Hoge & Romano Hoge 1981 [as B. c. castelnaudi] Souza, Venancio, Freitas, Souza & Verissimo 2013 Genus Crotalus (Typical Rattlesnakes)   Crotalus durissus South American Rattlesnake Campbell & Lamar 2004 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Guedes, Nogueira & Marques 2014 Hoge & Romano Hoge 1981 Silva, Rocha & Nogueira-Paranhos 2016 Genus Lachesis (Bushmasters)   Lachesis muta South American Bushmaster Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Freitas, Vieira, Entiauspe-Neto, Oliveira-e-Sousa, Farias, Sousa & Moura 2017 Hoge & Romano Hoge 1981

	Turtles (Testudines)
	= endemicEX = extinct or assumed extinct Species References  Family Chelidae (Austro-American Side-necked Turtles) Genus Chelus (Matamatas)   Chelus fimbriata Southern Matamata Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Lima Silveira 2011 Rhodin, Iverson, Bour, Fritz, Georges, Shaffer & Dijk 2021 Vargas-Ramirez, Caballero, Morales-Betancourt, Lasso, Amaya, Martinez, Silva Viana, Vogt, Pires Farias, Hrbek, Campbell & Fritz 2020 Genus Mesoclemmys (Hump-backed Toad-headed Turtles)   Mesoclemmys gibba Gibba Toad-headed Turtle Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Rhodin, Iverson, Bour, Fritz, Georges, Shaffer & Dijk 2021   Mesoclemmys perplexa Piaui Toad-headed Turtle Rhodin, Iverson, Bour, Fritz, Georges, Shaffer & Dijk 2021   Mesoclemmys tuberculata Tuberculate Toad-headed Turtle Batistella, Poetter, Barreto & Vogt 2008 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Rhodin, Iverson, Bour, Fritz, Georges, Shaffer & Dijk 2021 Santana, Marques, Vieira, Moura, Faria & Mesquita 2016   Mesoclemmys vanderhaegei Tobati Toad-headed Turtle Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Silva Brito, Dorado-Rodrigues & Martins Valadao 2019 Genus Phrynops (Lesser Toad-headed Turtles)   Phrynops geoffroanus Brazilian Toad-headed Turtle Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Rhodin, Iverson, Bour, Fritz, Georges, Shaffer & Dijk 2021 Silva, Rocha & Nogueira-Paranhos 2016 Genus Platemys (Twist-necked Turtle)   Platemys platycephala Twist-necked Turtle Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Freitas, Vieira, Entiauspe-Neto, Oliveira-e-Sousa, Farias, Sousa & Moura 2017  Family Cheloniidae (Hard-shelled Sea Turtles) Genus Caretta (Loggerhead Sea Turtle)   Caretta caretta Loggerhead Sea Turtle Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Parente, Lontra & Araujo 2006 Genus Chelonia (Green Sea Turtle)   Chelonia mydas Green Sea Turtle Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Miranda, Costa & Rocha 2012 Genus Eretmochelys (Hawksbill Sea Turtle)   Eretmochelys imbricata Hawksbill Sea Turtle Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Genus Lepidochelys (Ridley Sea Turtles)   Lepidochelys olivacea Olive Ridley Sea Turtle Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021  Family Dermochelyidae (Leatherback Sea Turtle) Genus Dermochelys (Leatherback Sea Turtle)   Dermochelys coriacea Leatherback Sea Turtle Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Loebmann, Legat, Legat, De Camargo, Erthal, Machado & De Goes 2008 Miranda, Costa & Rocha 2012 Padua-Almeida, Thome, Baptistotte, Marcovaldi, Santos & Lopez 2011  Family Emydidae (Western Pond Turtles) Genus Trachemys (Slider Turtles)   Trachemys adiutrix Maranhao Slider Araujo, Ribeiro, Andrade, Pereira, Guzzi & Avila 2020 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Fritz & Havas 2006 Miranda, Costa & Rocha 2012 Rhodin, Iverson, Bour, Fritz, Georges, Shaffer & Dijk 2021 Vanzolini 1995  Family Geoemydidae (Eastern Pond Turtles) Genus Rhinoclemmys (Neotropical Wood Turtles)   Rhinoclemmys punctularia Eastern Spotted-legged Turtle Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Freitas, Vieira, Entiauspe-Neto, Oliveira-e-Sousa, Farias, Sousa & Moura 2017 Pereira, Santos, Vasconcelos & Oda 2013 Rhodin, Iverson, Bour, Fritz, Georges, Shaffer & Dijk 2021 Silva, Resende, Paranhos & Barreto 2011 Silva, Rocha & Nogueira-Paranhos 2016  Family Kinosternidae (American Mud and Musk Turtles) Genus Kinosternon (American Mud Turtles)   Kinosternon scorpioides Scorpion Mud Turtle Barreto, Lima & Barbosa 2009 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Freitas, Vieira, Entiauspe-Neto, Oliveira-e-Sousa, Farias, Sousa & Moura 2017 Rhodin, Iverson, Bour, Fritz, Georges, Shaffer & Dijk 2021  Family Podocnemididae (Giant Side-necked Turtles) Genus Podocnemis (South American Side-necked River Turtles)   Podocnemis expansa Giant South American River Turtle Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Rhodin, Iverson, Bour, Fritz, Georges, Shaffer & Dijk 2021   Podocnemis unifilis Yellow-spotted Amazon River Turtle Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Freitas, Vieira, Entiauspe-Neto, Oliveira-e-Sousa, Farias, Sousa & Moura 2017 Rhodin, Iverson, Bour, Fritz, Georges, Shaffer & Dijk 2021  Family Testudinidae (Tortoises) Genus Chelonoidis (South American Tortoises)   Chelonoidis carbonarius South American Red-footed Tortoise Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Freitas, Vieira, Entiauspe-Neto, Oliveira-e-Sousa, Farias, Sousa & Moura 2017 Rhodin, Iverson, Bour, Fritz, Georges, Shaffer & Dijk 2021   Chelonoidis denticulatus South American Yellow-footed Tortoise Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Freitas, Vieira, Entiauspe-Neto, Oliveira-e-Sousa, Farias, Sousa & Moura 2017 McCord & Joseph-Ouni 2004 Rhodin, Iverson, Bour, Fritz, Georges, Shaffer & Dijk 2021