Snakes of Brazil   Colubridae (Typical Snakes)   Related checklists:  Brazil (main menu) - Snakes of Brazil (menu) Bibliography of the reptiles of Brazil

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Citation: Midtgaard, Rune. RepFocus - A Survey of the Reptiles of the World. www.repfocus.dk (Compilation date: 14th April, 2023).

Checklist General remarks: The list includes only formally described species. Newly discovered, but still unnamed species are excluded. However, unnamed species or species unassigned to species level are included, if they are the only representatives of their genus in the region. Species counts exclude extinct and introduced species. Doubtful records, typically older voucher specimens of uncertain origin, have been excluded if considered questionable, as are records based on sources considered unreliable or controversial. Note: Your comments to the checklist (omissions, errors, etc.) are welcomed, preferably if they are provided with reliable references. If possible, please attach a pdf file of the relevant reference to an email addressed to:

	Snakes (Serpentes)
	= endemicEX = extinct or assumed extinct Species References  Family Colubridae (Typical Snakes or Colubrids) Genus Adelphostigma (Twin-spotted Leaf-litter Snakes)   Adelphostigma occipitalis Bahia Leaf-litter Snake Abrahao-Morato, Lima, Pries Staut, Faria, Souza-Alves, Feitosa Gouveia, Cavilha Scupino, Gomes & Silva 2011 Aquino, Maia, Juca & Passos 2020 Araujo & Almeida-Santos 2011 Argolo 2004 Arzabe, Skuk, Santana, Delfim, Lima & Abrantes 2005 Avila-Pires, Vitt, Sartorius & Zani 2009 Balestrin & Di-Bernardo 2005 Bernarde & Abe 2006 Bernarde, Albuquerque, Barros & Turci 2012 Borges-Leite, Rodrigues & Borges-Nojosa 2014 Campos Nogueira 2001 Carvalho & Nogueira 1998 Castro, Mangia, Medeiros Magalhaes, Roehr, Camurugi, Silveira Filho, Silva, Andrade-Oliveira, Sousa, Rodrigues Franca, Harris, Garda & Borges-Nojosa 2019 Cintra, Silva & Silva 2009 Condez, Sawaya & Dixo 2009 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Costa, Pantoja, Pontes & Feio 2010 Costa, Resende, Gonzalez, Cotta & Feio 2014 Cruz-Forlani, Bernardo, Haddad & Zaher 2010 Cunha, Nascimento & Avila-Pires 1985 Ferreira, Sturaro & Peloso 2017 Ferreira, Terra, Piatti, Delatorre, Strussmann, Beda, Kawashita-Ribeiro, Landgref-Filho, Aoki, Campos, Souza, Avila, Duleba, Martins, Rita & Albuquerque 2017 Fiorillo, Maciel & Martins 2021 Franca & Araujo 2006 Franca & Silva Braz 2013 Franca, Germano & Franca 2012 Freitas 2014 Freitas, Colli, Entiauspe-Neto, Trinchao, Araujo, Oliveira Lima, Franca, Gaiga & Dias 2016 [as "aff. occipitalis"] Frota, Santos, Chaldikis & Guedes 2005 [as "cf. occipitalis"] Garda, Costa, Santos-Silva, Mesquita, Faria, Conceicao, Silva, Ferreira, Rocha, Palmeira, Rodrigues, Ferrari & Torquato 2013 Guedes, Nogueira & Marques 2014 Hamdan & Lira-da-Silva 2012 Jan 1863 Loebmann & Haddad 2010 Marques, Mebert, Fonseca, Roedder, Sole & Tinoco 2016 Marques, Pereira, Barbo, Germano & Sawaya 2009 Marques, Roedder, Sole & Tinoco 2017 Marques, Tinoco, Couto-Ferreira, Fazolato, Browne-Ribeiro, Travassos, Dias & Mota 2011 Maschio, Santos-Costa & Prudente 2016 Mesquita, Alves, Pedro, Laranjeiras, Caldas, Pedrosa, Rodrigues, Drummond, Cavalcanti, Wachlevski, Nogueira-Costa, Franca & Franca 2018 Miranda, Costa & Rocha 2012 Nascimento Barbosa, Silva Amaral, Gusmao, Lira Lima, Melo Souza, Silva Aguiar, Maranhao dos Santos 2020 Nogueira, Argolo, Arzamendia, Azevedo, Barbo, Bernils, Bolochio, Borges-Martins, Brasil-Godinho, Braz, Buononato, Cisneros-Heredia & Colli 2019 Oliveira Lima, Andrade, Lima da Silva & Reis Dias 2022 Oliveira, Ruz & Barros 2013 Oliveira-Araujo, Correa-Filho & Sawaya 2010 Outeiral, Balestrin, Cappellari, Lema & Ferreira 2018 Pereira Ramalho, Fagundes Franca, Guerra, Marciano, Vale & Rodrigues Silva 2018 Pereira-Filho & Montingelli 2011 Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 Prudente, Maschio, Santos-Costa & Feitosa 2010 Ribeiro, Roberto, Sales, Avila & Almeida 2012 Ribeiro-Junior, Rossi, Miranda & Avila-Pires 2011 Roberto & Loebmann 2016 Rocha & Prudente 2010 Rodrigues, Gama, Filho & Franca 2015 Sales, Lisboa & Freire 2009 Sampaio, Santos, Franca, Pedrosa, Sole & Franca 2018 Santos & Lema 2004 Santos, Di-Bernardo & Lema 2008 Sawaya, Marques & Martins 2008 Silva 1993 Silva, Cintra, Silva, Costa, Amaral-Souza, Pacheco & Goncalves 2009 Silva, Silva, Sena & Nascimento 2006 Silva, Souza & Bernarde 2010 Souza Filho & Verrastro 2012 Tavares, Melo, Campos, Oda & Strussmann 2012 Valdujo & Nogueira 2001 Vaz-Silva, Guimaraes-Guedes, Azevedo-Silva, Gontijo, Barbosa, Aloisio & Oliveira 2007 Vechio, Recoder, Rodrigues & Zaher 2013 Waldez, Menin & Vogt 2013 [as "aff. occipitalis"] Winck, Santos & Cechin 2007 [as "cf. occipitalis"] Yuki & Santos 1998 Zaher, Barbo, Martinez, Nogueira, Rodrigues & Sawaya 2011   * Adelphostigma quadriocellata Four-spotted Leaf-litter Snake Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Freitas, Vieira, Entiauspe-Neto, Oliveira-e-Sousa, Farias, Sousa & Moura 2017 Nogueira, Argolo, Arzamendia, Azevedo, Barbo, Bernils, Bolochio, Borges-Martins, Brasil-Godinho, Braz, Buononato, Cisneros-Heredia & Colli 2019 Rodrigues, Maschio & Prudente 2016 Santos, Di-Bernardo & Lema 2008 Santos-Costa, Maschio & Prudente 2015 Genus Amnesteophis (Bahia Black-naped Snake)   * Amnesteophis melanauchen Bahia Black-naped Snake Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Myers 2011 Nogueira, Argolo, Arzamendia, Azevedo, Barbo, Bernils, Bolochio, Borges-Martins, Brasil-Godinho, Braz, Buononato, Cisneros-Heredia & Colli 2019 Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 Wallach, Williams & Boundy 2014 Genus Amnisiophis (East Brazilian Leaf-litter Snake)   * Amnisiophis amoena East Brazilian Leaf-litter Snake Abrahao-Morato 2005 Almeida-Gomes, Siqueira, Borges-Junior, Vrcibradic, Fusinatto & Rocha 2014 Almeida-Gomes, Siquiera, Borges-Junior, Vrcibradic, Fusinatto & Rocha 2014 Azevedo, Amorim, Menezes & Abegg 2018 Cassimiro, Teixeira, Recoder & Rodrigues 2013 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Cruz-Forlani, Bernardo, Haddad & Zaher 2010 Lima Silveira, Vrcibradic, Rocha & Siqueira 2010 Marques, Pereira, Barbo, Germano & Sawaya 2009 Muscat & Toledo Moroti 2020 Nogueira, Argolo, Arzamendia, Azevedo, Barbo, Bernils, Bolochio, Borges-Martins, Brasil-Godinho, Braz, Buononato, Cisneros-Heredia & Colli 2019 Oliveira, Gonzalez, Passos, Vrcibradic & Rocha 2020 Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 Rocha, Bergallo, Pombal, Geise, Sluys, Fernandes & Caramaschi 2004 Zaher, Barbo, Martinez, Nogueira, Rodrigues & Sawaya 2011 Genus Apostolepis (Black-tailed Blackheads)   * Apostolepis adhara Sao Salvador Blackhead Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Franca, Barbo, Silva-Junior, Silva & Zaher Nogueira, Argolo, Arzamendia, Azevedo, Barbo, Bernils, Bolochio, Borges-Martins, Brasil-Godinho, Braz, Buononato, Cisneros-Heredia & Colli 2019   * Apostolepis albicollaris White-collared Blackhead Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Entiauspe-Neto, Koch, Guedes & Tiutenko 2020 [as A. cerradoensis] Entiauspe-Neto, Koch, Guedes, Paredero, Tiutenko & Loebmann 2022 Franca & Araujo 2006 Lema & Renner 2012 Lema 2002 Lema 2003 [as A. cerradoensis] Nogueira, Argolo, Arzamendia, Azevedo, Barbo, Bernils, Bolochio, Borges-Martins, Brasil-Godinho, Braz, Buononato, Cisneros-Heredia & Colli 2019 [as A. cerradoensis] Nogueira, Barbo & Ferrarezzi 2012 Pereira Ramalho, Fagundes Franca, Guerra, Marciano, Vale & Rodrigues Silva 2018 Wallach, Williams & Boundy 2014   * Apostolepis arenaria Bahia Blackhead Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Entiauspe-Neto, Koch, Guedes & Tiutenko 2020 Guedes, Nogueira & Marques 2014 Hamdan & Lira-da-Silva 2012 Lema 2001 Nogueira, Argolo, Arzamendia, Azevedo, Barbo, Bernils, Bolochio, Borges-Martins, Brasil-Godinho, Braz, Buononato, Cisneros-Heredia & Colli 2019 Nogueira, Barbo & Ferrarezzi 2012 Rodrigues 1993 Wallach, Williams & Boundy 2014   Apostolepis assimilis Common Red Blackhead Barbo 2008 Barbo, Marques & Sawaya 2011 Carvalho, Silva, Ferreira, Souza & Santana 2018 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Costa, Resende, Gonzalez, Cotta & Feio 2014 Entiauspe-Neto, Koch, Guedes & Tiutenko 2020 Ferrarezzi, Barbo & Albuquerque 2005 Ferreira, Terra, Piatti, Delatorre, Strussmann, Beda, Kawashita-Ribeiro, Landgref-Filho, Aoki, Campos, Souza, Avila, Duleba, Martins, Rita & Albuquerque 2017 Franca & Araujo 2006 Guedes, Nogueira & Marques 2014 Harvey 1999 Lema & Renner 2011 Lema & Renner 2012 Lema 2001 Lema 2002 Linares & Eterovick 2013 Lopes Santos, Pereira de Andrade, Victor-Junior & Vaz-Silva 2014 Marques, Pereira, Barbo, Germano & Sawaya 2009 Martins & Lema 2015 Menezes, Abegg, Silva, Franco & Feio 2018 Nogueira, Argolo, Arzamendia, Azevedo, Barbo, Bernils, Bolochio, Borges-Martins, Brasil-Godinho, Braz, Buononato, Cisneros-Heredia & Colli 2019 Nogueira, Barbo & Ferrarezzi 2012 Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 Reinhardt 1861 Sao-Pedro & Pires 2009 Silva, Cintra, Silva, Costa, Amaral-Souza, Pacheco & Goncalves 2009 Silva, Oliveira, Morais, Kawashita-Ribeiro, Brito & Avila 2015 Sousa, Nascimento, Gomides, Rios, Hudson & Novelli 2010 Valdujo & Nogueira 2001 Vaz-Silva, Guimaraes-Guedes, Azevedo-Silva, Gontijo, Barbosa, Aloisio & Oliveira 2007 Wallach, Williams & Boundy 2014 Zaher, Barbo, Martinez, Nogueira, Rodrigues & Sawaya 2011   Apostolepis borellii Urucum Blackhead Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Lema 2001 Martins & Lema 2015 Nogueira, Argolo, Arzamendia, Azevedo, Barbo, Bernils, Bolochio, Borges-Martins, Brasil-Godinho, Braz, Buononato, Cisneros-Heredia & Colli 2019 Peracca 1904   * Apostolepis cearensis Caatinga Blackhead Araujo, Ribeiro, Andrade, Pereira, Guzzi & Avila 2020 Calixto & Morato 2017 Cordeiro & Hoge 1973 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Costa, Laranjeiras, Caldas, Santana, Silva, Alcantara, Brito, Galdino, Mesquita, Faria, Franca, Avila & Garda 2018 Entiauspe-Neto, Koch, Guedes & Tiutenko 2020 Ferrarezzi, Barbo & Albuquerque 2005 Franca, Germano & Franca 2012 Freitas 2014 Freitas, Abegg, Silva Araujo, Almeida Coelho, Santos Azevedo, Frazao Chaves & Barbosa de Moura 2019 Freitas, Verissimo & Uhlig 2012 Gomes 1915 Guedes, Nogueira & Marques 2014 Hamdan & Lira-da-Silva 2012 Harvey 1999 Lema & Renner 2005 [as freitasi] Lema 2001 Lema 2002 Lema 2004 [as freitasi] Lima-Verde & Cascon 1990 Loebmann & Haddad 2010 Madella-Auricchio, Auricchio & Soares 2017 Mesquita, Alves, Pedro, Laranjeiras, Caldas, Pedrosa, Rodrigues, Drummond, Cavalcanti, Wachlevski, Nogueira-Costa, Franca & Franca 2018 Mesquita, Passos, Borges-Nojosa & Cechin 2013 Nascimento-Barbosa, Silva-Amaral, Pereira-Alcantara & Santos 2018 Nogueira, Argolo, Arzamendia, Azevedo, Barbo, Bernils, Bolochio, Borges-Martins, Brasil-Godinho, Braz, Buononato, Cisneros-Heredia & Colli 2019 Nogueira, Barbo & Ferrarezzi 2012 Oliveira, Araujo, Oliveira & Avila 2021 Pedrosa, Costa, Faria, Franca, Laranjeiras, Oliveira, Palmeira, Torquata, Mott, Vieira & Garda 2014 Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 Ribeiro, Roberto, Sales, Avila & Almeida 2012 Roberto & Loebmann 2016 Rocha & Prudente 2010 Rodrigues, Gama, Filho & Franca 2015 Sales, Lisboa & Freire 2009 Silva Rodrigues & Prudente 2011 Vechio, Recoder, Rodrigues & Zaher 2013 Vechio, Teixeira Junior, Recoder, Rodrigues & Zaher 2016 Wallach, Williams & Boundy 2014 Zamprogno, Zamprogno & Lema 1998   Apostolepis christineae Sierra das Araras Blackhead Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Entiauspe-Neto, Koch, Guedes & Tiutenko 2020 Lema 2002 Martins & Lema 2015 Nogueira, Argolo, Arzamendia, Azevedo, Barbo, Bernils, Bolochio, Borges-Martins, Brasil-Godinho, Braz, Buononato, Cisneros-Heredia & Colli 2019 Wallach, Williams & Boundy 2014   Apostolepis dimidiata Common Bilineate Blackhead Araujo & Almeida-Santos 2011 Cabral, Lema & Renner 2017 [as A. barrioi] Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Ferreira, Terra, Piatti, Delatorre, Strussmann, Beda, Kawashita-Ribeiro, Landgref-Filho, Aoki, Campos, Souza, Avila, Duleba, Martins, Rita & Albuquerque 2017 Fiorillo, Maciel & Martins 2021 Giraudo & Scrocchi 2002 Harvey 1999 Lema 1993 Lema 2001 Marques, Pereira, Barbo, Germano & Sawaya 2009 Martins & Lema 2015 Moura-Leite, Morato & Bernils 1996 Nogueira, Argolo, Arzamendia, Azevedo, Barbo, Bernils, Bolochio, Borges-Martins, Brasil-Godinho, Braz, Buononato, Cisneros-Heredia & Colli 2019 Nogueira, Barbo & Ferrarezzi 2012 Santos Dainesi, Abegg, Bernarde, Pena Correa, Caetano Machado, Oliveira Meneses & Sena Santos 2019 Sawaya, Marques & Martins 2008 Sazima & Manzani 1995 Wallach, Williams & Boundy 2014 Zaher, Barbo, Martinez, Nogueira, Rodrigues & Sawaya 2011   * Apostolepis flavotorquata Yellow-collared Blackhead Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Ferrarezzi, Barbo & Albuquerque 2005 Franca & Araujo 2006 Hamdan & Lira-da-Silva 2012 Harvey 1999 Lema & Renner 2005 Lema & Renner 2012 Lema 2001 Lema 2002 Lima Silveira 2014 Martins & Lema 2015 Nogueira, Argolo, Arzamendia, Azevedo, Barbo, Bernils, Bolochio, Borges-Martins, Brasil-Godinho, Braz, Buononato, Cisneros-Heredia & Colli 2019 Nogueira, Barbo & Ferrarezzi 2012 Pinheiro, Abe, Bitar, Albarelli & Santos-Costa 2015 Wallach, Williams & Boundy 2014 Zaher, Barbo, Martinez, Nogueira, Rodrigues & Sawaya 2011   * Apostolepis gaboi Oueimadas Blackhead Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Entiauspe-Neto, Koch, Guedes & Tiutenko 2020 Guedes, Barbo, Franca & Zaher 2018 Guedes, Nogueira & Marques 2014 Hamdan & Lira-da-Silva 2012 Lema 2001 Nogueira, Argolo, Arzamendia, Azevedo, Barbo, Bernils, Bolochio, Borges-Martins, Brasil-Godinho, Braz, Buononato, Cisneros-Heredia & Colli 2019 Nogueira, Barbo & Ferrarezzi 2012 Rocha & Rodrigues 2005 Rodrigues 1993 Wallach, Williams & Boundy 2014   * Apostolepis goiasensis Goias Blackhead Abes & Ferrarezzi 2003 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Entiauspe-Neto, Koch, Guedes & Tiutenko 2020 Ferreira, Terra, Piatti, Delatorre, Strussmann, Beda, Kawashita-Ribeiro, Landgref-Filho, Aoki, Campos, Souza, Avila, Duleba, Martins, Rita & Albuquerque 2017 Lema & Renner 2012 Lema 2001 Loebmann & Lema 2012 Maffei & Campos Nogueira 2021 Martins & Lema 2015 Nogueira, Argolo, Arzamendia, Azevedo, Barbo, Bernils, Bolochio, Borges-Martins, Brasil-Godinho, Braz, Buononato, Cisneros-Heredia & Colli 2019 Nogueira, Barbo & Ferrarezzi 2012 Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 Wallach, Williams & Boundy 2014   Apostolepis intermedia Mato Grosso Blackhead Albuquerque & Lema 2012 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Ferreira, Terra, Piatti, Delatorre, Strussmann, Beda, Kawashita-Ribeiro, Landgref-Filho, Aoki, Campos, Souza, Avila, Duleba, Martins, Rita & Albuquerque 2017 Lema 2001 Maffei & Campos Nogueira 2021 Martins & Lema 2015 Nogueira, Argolo, Arzamendia, Azevedo, Barbo, Bernils, Bolochio, Borges-Martins, Brasil-Godinho, Braz, Buononato, Cisneros-Heredia & Colli 2019 Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 Wallach, Williams & Boundy 2014   * Apostolepis kikoi Guimaraes Highland Blackhead Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Entiauspe-Neto, Koch, Guedes & Tiutenko 2020 Fermiano, Silva-Alves, Silva-Diogo, Seba, Araujo-Goebel, Santos-Filho & Silva 2020 Nogueira, Argolo, Arzamendia, Azevedo, Barbo, Bernils, Bolochio, Borges-Martins, Brasil-Godinho, Braz, Buononato, Cisneros-Heredia & Colli 2019 Santos, Entiauspe-Neto, Silva Araujo, Souza, Lema, Strussmann & Albuquerque 2018   * Apostolepis lineata Hognosed Lined Blackhead Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Lema 2001 Martins & Lema 2015 Nogueira, Argolo, Arzamendia, Azevedo, Barbo, Bernils, Bolochio, Borges-Martins, Brasil-Godinho, Braz, Buononato, Cisneros-Heredia & Colli 2019 Wallach, Williams & Boundy 2014   * Apostolepis longicaudata Piaui Blackhead Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Curcio, Nunes, Harvey & Rodrigues 2011 [as "cf. longicaudata"] Entiauspe-Neto, Koch, Guedes & Tiutenko 2020 Franca, Germano & Franca 2012 [as "cf. longicaudata"] Lema 2001 Mesquita, Alves, Pedro, Laranjeiras, Caldas, Pedrosa, Rodrigues, Drummond, Cavalcanti, Wachlevski, Nogueira-Costa, Franca & Franca 2018 Nogueira, Argolo, Arzamendia, Azevedo, Barbo, Bernils, Bolochio, Borges-Martins, Brasil-Godinho, Braz, Buononato, Cisneros-Heredia & Colli 2019 Nogueira, Barbo & Ferrarezzi 2012 Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 Recoder, Junior, Camacho, Nunes, Mott, Valdujo, Ghellere, Nogueira & Rodrigues 2011 [as "cf. longicaudata"] Wallach, Williams & Boundy 2014   * Apostolepis nelsonjorgei Minacu Blackhead Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Curcio, Nunes, Harvey & Rodrigues 2011 Entiauspe-Neto, Koch, Guedes & Tiutenko 2020 Lema & Renner 2004 Lema & Renner 2012 Nogueira, Argolo, Arzamendia, Azevedo, Barbo, Bernils, Bolochio, Borges-Martins, Brasil-Godinho, Braz, Buononato, Cisneros-Heredia & Colli 2019 Recoder, Junior, Camacho, Nunes, Mott, Valdujo, Ghellere, Nogueira & Rodrigues 2011 Wallach, Williams & Boundy 2014   Apostolepis nigrolineata Para Blackhead Bernarde, Albuquerque, Barros & Turci 2012 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Curcio, Nunes, Harvey & Rodrigues 2011 Entiauspe-Neto, Koch, Guedes & Tiutenko 2020 Ferrarezzi, Barbo & Albuquerque 2005 [as pymi] Frota, Santos, Chaldikis & Guedes 2005 Lema & Albuquerque 2010 [as pymi] Lema 2001 Lema, Queiroz & Martins 2017 Martins & Lema 2015 Mendes-Pinto & Souza 2011 [as pymi] Nogueira, Argolo, Arzamendia, Azevedo, Barbo, Bernils, Bolochio, Borges-Martins, Brasil-Godinho, Braz, Buononato, Cisneros-Heredia & Colli 2019 Nogueira, Barbo & Ferrarezzi 2012 [as pymi] Santos-Costa, Maschio & Prudente 2015   Apostolepis nigroterminata Peruvian Blackhead Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Entiauspe-Neto, Koch, Guedes & Tiutenko 2020 Lema & Renner 2004 Lema 2001 Nogueira, Argolo, Arzamendia, Azevedo, Barbo, Bernils, Bolochio, Borges-Martins, Brasil-Godinho, Braz, Buononato, Cisneros-Heredia & Colli 2019 Santos, Avila & Kawashita-Ribeiro 2011   Apostolepis phillipsae Velasco Blackhead Colli, Barreto-Lima, Dabtas, Morais, Sena & Sousa 2019 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Martins & Lema 2015 Nogueira, Argolo, Arzamendia, Azevedo, Barbo, Bernils, Bolochio, Borges-Martins, Brasil-Godinho, Braz, Buononato, Cisneros-Heredia & Colli 2019   * Apostolepis polylepis Hawkbeak Blackhead Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Freitas, Colli, Entiauspe-Neto, Trinchao, Araujo, Oliveira Lima, Franca, Gaiga & Dias 2016 Lema 2001 Nogueira, Argolo, Arzamendia, Azevedo, Barbo, Bernils, Bolochio, Borges-Martins, Brasil-Godinho, Braz, Buononato, Cisneros-Heredia & Colli 2019 Nogueira, Barbo & Ferrarezzi 2012 Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 Vechio, Recoder, Rodrigues & Zaher 2013   Apostolepis quinquelineata Five-lined Blackhead Avila-Pires 2005 Avila-Pires, Hoogmoed & Rocha 2010 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Costa-Campos, Ribeiro Sanches, Pedroso-Santos, Figueiredo, Tavares-Pinheiro & Almeida-Santos 2021 Cunha, Nascimento & Avila-Pires 1985 Curcio, Nunes, Harvey & Rodrigues 2011 Entiauspe-Neto, Koch, Guedes & Tiutenko 2020 Lema 2001 Nogueira, Argolo, Arzamendia, Azevedo, Barbo, Bernils, Bolochio, Borges-Martins, Brasil-Godinho, Braz, Buononato, Cisneros-Heredia & Colli 2019 Nogueira, Barbo & Ferrarezzi 2012 Prudente, Melo Sarmento, Camara Costa, Moreira Dourado, Meireles dos Santos, Ferreira Lima, Dias Lima & Galatti 2020 Silva, Menks, Prudente, Costa, Travassos & Galatti 2011   Apostolepis quirogai Missiones Blackhead Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Entiauspe-Neto, Koch, Guedes & Tiutenko 2020 Lema & Capellari 2001 Lema 2001 Lema, Cappellari & d'Agostini 2004 Nogueira, Argolo, Arzamendia, Azevedo, Barbo, Bernils, Bolochio, Borges-Martins, Brasil-Godinho, Braz, Buononato, Cisneros-Heredia & Colli 2019 Wallach, Williams & Boundy 2014   * Apostolepis rondoni Rondon Blackhead Carvalho & Nogueira 1998 [as "cf. rondoni"] Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Martins & Lema 2015 Nogueira, Barbo & Ferrarezzi 2012 Vanzolini 1986   * Apostolepis sanctaeritae Tocantins Blackhead Cintra, Silva & Silva 2009 [as ammodites] Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Entiauspe-Neto, Koch, Guedes & Tiutenko 2020 Ferrarezzi, Barbo & Albuquerque 2005 [as ammodites] Franca & Silva Braz 2013 [as ammodites] Freitas, Colli, Entiauspe-Neto, Trinchao, Araujo, Oliveira Lima, Franca, Gaiga & Dias 2016 [as ammodites] Guedes, Nogueira & Marques 2014 [as ammodites] Hamdan & Lira-da-Silva 2012 [as ammodites] Lema & Renner 2007 [as ammodites] Lema & Renner 2012 [as ammodites] Lema 2001 Martins & Lema 2015 [as ammodites] Moreira, Fenolio, Silva & Silva 2009 [as ammodites] Nogueira, Argolo, Arzamendia, Azevedo, Barbo, Bernils, Bolochio, Borges-Martins, Brasil-Godinho, Braz, Buononato, Cisneros-Heredia & Colli 2019 [as A. ammodites] Nogueira, Barbo & Ferrarezzi 2012 [as ammodites] Recoder, Junior, Camacho, Nunes, Mott, Valdujo, Ghellere, Nogueira & Rodrigues 2011 [as ammodites] Wallach, Williams & Boundy 2014 [as ammodites]   * Apostolepis serrana Pimentel Barbosa Blackhead Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Lema & Renner 2006 Martins & Lema 2015 Nogueira, Argolo, Arzamendia, Azevedo, Barbo, Bernils, Bolochio, Borges-Martins, Brasil-Godinho, Braz, Buononato, Cisneros-Heredia & Colli 2019 Wallach, Williams & Boundy 2014   * Apostolepis striata Rondonia Blackhead Bernarde, Albuquerque, Barros & Turci 2012 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Lema 2004 Martins & Lema 2015 Nogueira, Argolo, Arzamendia, Azevedo, Barbo, Bernils, Bolochio, Borges-Martins, Brasil-Godinho, Braz, Buononato, Cisneros-Heredia & Colli 2019 Wallach, Williams & Boundy 2014   Apostolepis tenuis Bolivian Blackhead Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Franca, Correa Fermiano, Machado-Filho & Zaher 2019   * Apostolepis thalesdelemai Ubajara Blackhead Borges-Nojosa, Lima, Bezerra & Harris 2017 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Entiauspe-Neto, Koch, Guedes & Tiutenko 2020 Nogueira, Argolo, Arzamendia, Azevedo, Barbo, Bernils, Bolochio, Borges-Martins, Brasil-Godinho, Braz, Buononato, Cisneros-Heredia & Colli 2019   Apostolepis vittata Beaked Blackhead Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Entiauspe-Neto, Koch, Guedes & Tiutenko 2020 Lema & Renner 2012 Lema 2001 Lema 2016 [as roncadori] Martins & Lema 2015 Nogueira, Argolo, Arzamendia, Azevedo, Barbo, Bernils, Bolochio, Borges-Martins, Brasil-Godinho, Braz, Buononato, Cisneros-Heredia & Colli 2019 [as roncadori] Nogueira, Barbo & Ferrarezzi 2012 Wallach, Williams & Boundy 2014 Genus Atractus (Spindle Snakes)   * Atractus aboiporu Serra do Navio Spindle Snake Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Melo-Sampaio, Passos, Fouquet, Costa Prudente & Torres-Carvajal 2019 Nogueira, Argolo, Arzamendia, Azevedo, Barbo, Bernils, Bolochio, Borges-Martins, Brasil-Godinho, Braz, Buononato, Cisneros-Heredia & Colli 2019 Prudente, Melo Sarmento, Camara Costa, Moreira Dourado, Meireles dos Santos, Ferreira Lima, Dias Lima & Galatti 2020   * Atractus akerios Nova Vida Spindle Snake Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Melo-Sampaio, Passos, Prudente, Venegas & Torres-Carvajal 2021   Atractus albuquerquei Guama River Spindle Snake Bernarde & Abe 2006 Bernarde, Albuquerque, Barros & Turci 2012 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Cunha & Nascimento 1983 Ferreira, Terra, Piatti, Delatorre, Strussmann, Beda, Kawashita-Ribeiro, Landgref-Filho, Aoki, Campos, Souza, Avila, Duleba, Martins, Rita & Albuquerque 2017 Franca & Silva Braz 2013 Franca, Freitas, Ramalho & Bernarde 2017 Freitas, Mendes Venancio, Abegg, Santos Azevedo, Oliveira Pereira, Pinheiro Zanotti, Veloso, Schwarzbach, Oliveira e Sousa, Cruz-da-Silva, Goncalves de Amorim & Barbosa de Moura 2020 Moreira, Fenolio, Silva & Silva 2009 Nascimento, Avila Pires & Cunha 1988 Nascimento, Maffei, Moya & Donatelli 2017 Nogueira, Argolo, Arzamendia, Azevedo, Barbo, Bernils, Bolochio, Borges-Martins, Brasil-Godinho, Braz, Buononato, Cisneros-Heredia & Colli 2019 Passos & Fernandes 2008 Passos, Azevedo, Nogueira, Fernandes & Sawaya 2019 Passos, Chiesse, Torres-Carvajal & Savage 2009 Pereira Ramalho, Fagundes Franca, Guerra, Marciano, Vale & Rodrigues Silva 2018 Silva 1993 Silva, Cintra, Silva, Costa, Amaral-Souza, Pacheco & Goncalves 2009 Silva, Silva, Ribeiro, Souza & Souza 2005 Silva, Souza & Bernarde 2010 Tavares, Melo, Campos, Oda & Strussmann 2012 Turci & Bernarde 2008 Vaz-Silva, Guimaraes-Guedes, Azevedo-Silva, Gontijo, Barbosa, Aloisio & Oliveira 2007 Wallach, Williams & Boundy 2014 Zaher, Souza, Gower, Hingst-Zaher & Silva 2005   * Atractus alphonsehogei Bela Vista Spindle Snake Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Cunha & Nascimento 1983 Cunha & Nascimento 1984 Freitas, Vieira, Entiauspe-Neto, Oliveira-e-Sousa, Farias, Sousa & Moura 2017 Martins & Oliveira 1993 Nogueira, Argolo, Arzamendia, Azevedo, Barbo, Bernils, Bolochio, Borges-Martins, Brasil-Godinho, Braz, Buononato, Cisneros-Heredia & Colli 2019 Passos & Fernandes 2008 Passos, Prudente, Ramos, Caicedo-Portilla & Lynch 2018 Passos, Ramos, Pinna & Prudente 2013 Prudente & Passos 2010 Wallach, Williams & Boundy 2014   * Atractus altagratiae Cururu River Spindle Snake Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Nogueira, Argolo, Arzamendia, Azevedo, Barbo, Bernils, Bolochio, Borges-Martins, Brasil-Godinho, Braz, Buononato, Cisneros-Heredia & Colli 2019 Passos & Fernandes 2008 Wallach, Williams & Boundy 2014   Atractus badius Guianan Spindle Snake Amaral 1949 Avila-Pires 2005 Avila-Pires, Hoogmoed & Rocha 2010 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Hoogmoed 1980 Nogueira, Argolo, Arzamendia, Azevedo, Barbo, Bernils, Bolochio, Borges-Martins, Brasil-Godinho, Braz, Buononato, Cisneros-Heredia & Colli 2019 Passos, Melo-Sampaio, Ramos, Grazziotin, Fouquet & Torres-Carvajal 2022 Schargel, Lamar, Passos, Valencia, Cisneros-Heredia & Campbell 2013   * Atractus boimirim Jamari River Spindle Snake Bernarde, Albuquerque, Barros & Turci 2012 [as insipidus] Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Nogueira, Argolo, Arzamendia, Azevedo, Barbo, Bernils, Bolochio, Borges-Martins, Brasil-Godinho, Braz, Buononato, Cisneros-Heredia & Colli 2019 Passos, Prudente & Lynch 2016 Silva 1993 [as "cf. insipidus"]   * Atractus caete Caete Spindle Snake Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Guedes, Nogueira & Marques 2014 Nogueira, Argolo, Arzamendia, Azevedo, Barbo, Bernils, Bolochio, Borges-Martins, Brasil-Godinho, Braz, Buononato, Cisneros-Heredia & Colli 2019 Passos, Fernandes, Bernils & Moura-Leite 2010   Atractus caxiuana Para Spindle Snake Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Nogueira, Argolo, Arzamendia, Azevedo, Barbo, Bernils, Bolochio, Borges-Martins, Brasil-Godinho, Braz, Buononato, Cisneros-Heredia & Colli 2019 Passos & Fernandes 2008 Passos, Ramos, Pinna & Prudente 2013 Prudente & Passos 2010 Prudente & Santos-Costa 2006   Atractus collaris Collared Spindle Snake Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Nogueira, Argolo, Arzamendia, Azevedo, Barbo, Bernils, Bolochio, Borges-Martins, Brasil-Godinho, Braz, Buononato, Cisneros-Heredia & Colli 2019 Passos, Prudente, Ramos, Caicedo-Portilla & Lynch 2018   * Atractus dapsilis Oriximina Spindle Snake Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Melo-Sampaio, Passos, Fouquet, Costa Prudente & Torres-Carvajal 2019 Nogueira, Argolo, Arzamendia, Azevedo, Barbo, Bernils, Bolochio, Borges-Martins, Brasil-Godinho, Braz, Buononato, Cisneros-Heredia & Colli 2019   * Atractus edioi Minacu Spindle Snake Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Nogueira, Argolo, Arzamendia, Azevedo, Barbo, Bernils, Bolochio, Borges-Martins, Brasil-Godinho, Braz, Buononato, Cisneros-Heredia & Colli 2019 Silva, Silva, Ribeiro, Souza & Souza 2005   Atractus elaps Black Spindle Snake Amaral 1949 Bernarde, Albuquerque, Barros & Turci 2012 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Ferreira, Sturaro & Peloso 2017 Hoogmoed 1980 Nogueira, Argolo, Arzamendia, Azevedo, Barbo, Bernils, Bolochio, Borges-Martins, Brasil-Godinho, Braz, Buononato, Cisneros-Heredia & Colli 2019 Passos & Fernandes 2008 Passos, Chiesse, Torres-Carvajal & Savage 2009 Silva, Silva, Ribeiro, Souza & Souza 2005 Zaher, Souza, Gower, Hingst-Zaher & Silva 2005   Atractus emmeli Bolivian Spindle Snake Bernarde, Albuquerque, Barros & Turci 2012 [as A. taeniatus] Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Nogueira, Argolo, Arzamendia, Azevedo, Barbo, Bernils, Bolochio, Borges-Martins, Brasil-Godinho, Braz, Buononato, Cisneros-Heredia & Colli 2019 Passos, Azevedo, Nogueira, Fernandes & Sawaya 2019 Passos, Sudre, Doria & Campbell 2018 Silva 1993 [as A. taeniatus] Silva, Silva, Ribeiro, Souza & Souza 2005 [as A. taeniatus]   Atractus flammigerus Flaming Spindle Snake Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Nogueira, Argolo, Arzamendia, Azevedo, Barbo, Bernils, Bolochio, Borges-Martins, Brasil-Godinho, Braz, Buononato, Cisneros-Heredia & Colli 2019 Passos, Ramos, Fouquet & Prudente 2017 Pedroso Santos, Ribeiro Sanches & Costa-Campos 2019   * Atractus francoi Mangaratiba Spindle Snake Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Nogueira, Argolo, Arzamendia, Azevedo, Barbo, Bernils, Bolochio, Borges-Martins, Brasil-Godinho, Braz, Buononato, Cisneros-Heredia & Colli 2019 Oliveira, Gonzalez, Passos, Vrcibradic & Rocha 2020 Ortiz, Freitas, Rodrigues, Abegg & Franco 2017 Passos, Fernandes, Bernils & Moura-Leite 2010 Zaher, Barbo, Martinez, Nogueira, Rodrigues & Sawaya 2011   * Atractus guentheri Canavieras Spindle Snake Argolo 2004 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Fernandes & Argolo 1999 Fernandes & Puorto 1993 Hamdan & Lira-da-Silva 2012 Nogueira, Argolo, Arzamendia, Azevedo, Barbo, Bernils, Bolochio, Borges-Martins, Brasil-Godinho, Braz, Buononato, Cisneros-Heredia & Colli 2019 Passos, Fernandes, Bernils & Moura-Leite 2010 Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 Wucherer 1861   * Atractus hoogmoedi Santa Luzia Spindle Snake Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Cunha & Nascimento 1984 [as zidoki] Nogueira, Argolo, Arzamendia, Azevedo, Barbo, Bernils, Bolochio, Borges-Martins, Brasil-Godinho, Braz, Buononato, Cisneros-Heredia & Colli 2019 Passos, Ramos, Pinna & Prudente 2013 Prudente & Passos 2010 Vanzolini 1986 [as zidoki]   Atractus insipidus Uraricapara River Spindle Snake Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Nogueira, Argolo, Arzamendia, Azevedo, Barbo, Bernils, Bolochio, Borges-Martins, Brasil-Godinho, Braz, Buononato, Cisneros-Heredia & Colli 2019 Passos, Kok, Albuquerque & Rivas 2013 Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 [Roraima-Venezuela border]   Atractus latifrons Wedge-tailed Spindle Snake Ahl 1927 Almeida, Feitosa, Passos & Prudente 2014 Amaral 1949 Avila-Pires 2005 Avila-Pires, Vitt, Sartorius & Zani 2009 Bernarde & Abe 2006 Bernarde & Abe 2010 Bernarde, Albuquerque, Barros & Turci 2012 Bernarde, Albuquerque, Miranda & Turci 2013 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Martins & Oliveira 1993 Martins & Oliveira 1999 Maschio, Santos-Costa & Prudente 2016 Nascimento, Avila-Pires & Cunha 1987 Nogueira, Argolo, Arzamendia, Azevedo, Barbo, Bernils, Bolochio, Borges-Martins, Brasil-Godinho, Braz, Buononato, Cisneros-Heredia & Colli 2019 Oliveira, Ruz & Barros 2013 Passos & Fernandes 2008 Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 Prudente, Maschio, Santos-Costa & Feitosa 2010 Prudente, Melo Sarmento, Camara Costa, Moreira Dourado, Meireles dos Santos, Ferreira Lima, Dias Lima & Galatti 2020 Rodrigues-Franca & Mendes Venancio 2010 Santos Azevedo, Oliveira & Costa 2021 Silva 1993 Silva, Souza & Bernarde 2010 Tavares, Melo, Campos, Oda & Strussmann 2012   * Atractus maculatus Spotted Spindle Snake Abegg, Freitas & Moura 2017 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Nascimento Barbosa, Silva Amaral, Gusmao, Lira Lima, Melo Souza, Silva Aguiar, Maranhao dos Santos 2020 Nogueira, Argolo, Arzamendia, Azevedo, Barbo, Bernils, Bolochio, Borges-Martins, Brasil-Godinho, Braz, Buononato, Cisneros-Heredia & Colli 2019 Oliveira Lima, Andrade, Lima da Silva & Reis Dias 2022 [as "aff. maculatus"] Passos, Fernandes, Bernils & Moura-Leite 2010 Silva, Silva, Sena & Nascimento 2006   Atractus major Brown Spindle Snake Avila-Pires 2005 Avila-Pires, Vitt, Sartorius & Zani 2009 Bernarde, Albuquerque, Barros & Turci 2012 Bernarde, Machado & Turci 2011 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Martins & Oliveira 1993 Martins & Oliveira 1999 Nogueira, Argolo, Arzamendia, Azevedo, Barbo, Bernils, Bolochio, Borges-Martins, Brasil-Godinho, Braz, Buononato, Cisneros-Heredia & Colli 2019 Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 Prudente & Costa 2004 Santos-Costa, Maschio & Prudente 2015 Schargel, Lamar, Passos, Valencia, Cisneros-Heredia & Campbell 2013 Silva, Souza & Bernarde 2010   Atractus natans Mamiraua Spindle Snake Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Hoogmoed & Prudente 2003 Nogueira, Argolo, Arzamendia, Azevedo, Barbo, Bernils, Bolochio, Borges-Martins, Brasil-Godinho, Braz, Buononato, Cisneros-Heredia & Colli 2019 Passos & Fernandes 2008 [as emersoni] Passos, Cisneros-Heredia, Rivera, Aguilar & Schargel 2012 Rodrigues, Maschio & Prudente 2016   * Atractus nawa Porto Walter Spindle Snake Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Melo-Sampaio, Passos, Prudente, Venegas & Torres-Carvajal 2021   * Atractus pantostictus Sao Paulo Spindle Snake Barbo 2008 Barbo, Marques & Sawaya 2011 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Fernandes & Puorto 1993 Fiorillo, Maciel & Martins 2021 Franca & Araujo 2006 Marques, Pereira, Barbo, Germano & Sawaya 2009 Moreira, Fenolio, Silva & Silva 2009 Nogueira, Argolo, Arzamendia, Azevedo, Barbo, Bernils, Bolochio, Borges-Martins, Brasil-Godinho, Braz, Buononato, Cisneros-Heredia & Colli 2019 Oliveira-Araujo, Correa-Filho & Sawaya 2010 Passos, Fernandes, Bernils & Moura-Leite 2010 Recoder, Junior, Camacho, Nunes, Mott, Valdujo, Ghellere, Nogueira & Rodrigues 2011 Sao-Pedro & Pires 2009 Sawaya, Marques & Martins 2008 Sousa, Nascimento, Gomides, Rios, Hudson & Novelli 2010 Trevine, Forlani, Haddad & Zaher 2014 Varela Rios, Novelli, Hudson, Cozendey, Lima & Sousa 2017 Zaher, Barbo, Martinez, Nogueira, Rodrigues & Sawaya 2011   Atractus paraguayensis Paraguayan Spindle Snake Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Entiauspe-Neto & Abegg 2013 Franca, Franca, Roedder & Sole 2022 Kunz, Ghizoni, Santos & Hartmann 2007 [as A. taeniatus] Lema 1994 [as A. taeniatus] Moura-Leite, Morato & Bernils 1996 [as A. taeniatus] Nogueira, Argolo, Arzamendia, Azevedo, Barbo, Bernils, Bolochio, Borges-Martins, Brasil-Godinho, Braz, Buononato, Cisneros-Heredia & Colli 2019 Passos, Chiesse, Torres-Carvajal & Savage 2009 [as "cf. paraguayensis"] Passos, Fernandes, Bernils & Moura-Leite 2010 Souza-Filho, Plombon & Capela 2015 Zanella, Paula, Guaragni & Machado 2013 Zanella, Paula, Guaragni & Souza 2013   Atractus poeppigi Black-backed Spindle Snake Avila-Pires 2005 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Martins & Oliveira 1993 Martins & Oliveira 1999 Nogueira, Argolo, Arzamendia, Azevedo, Barbo, Bernils, Bolochio, Borges-Martins, Brasil-Godinho, Braz, Buononato, Cisneros-Heredia & Colli 2019 Passos & Fernandes 2008 Silva, Silva, Ribeiro, Souza & Souza 2005 Waldez, Menin & Vogt 2013 Zaher, Souza, Gower, Hingst-Zaher & Silva 2005   * Atractus potschi Alagoas Spindle Snake Argolo, Jesus, Nova & Costa 2011 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Fernandes 1995 Guedes, Nogueira & Marques 2014 Hamdan & Lira-da-Silva 2012 Nogueira, Argolo, Arzamendia, Azevedo, Barbo, Bernils, Bolochio, Borges-Martins, Brasil-Godinho, Braz, Buononato, Cisneros-Heredia & Colli 2019 Oliveira Lima, Andrade, Lima da Silva & Reis Dias 2022 Passos, Chiesse, Torres-Carvajal & Savage 2009 Passos, Fernandes, Bernils & Moura-Leite 2010 Pires Lima, Queiroz & Acuna-Junca 2000 Silva, Silva, Ribeiro, Souza & Souza 2005 Zaher, Souza, Gower, Hingst-Zaher & Silva 2005   Atractus reticulatus Reticulated Spindle Snake Alvarez, Rey & Cei 1992 Barbo 2008 Barbo, Marques & Sawaya 2011 Bernils & Moura-Leite 2010 Bernils, Batista & Bertelli 2001 Boulenger 1885 [as Geophis reticulatus] Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Fernandes 1995 Franca, Franca, Roedder & Sole 2022 Ghizoni, Kunz, Cherem & Bernils 2009 Koehler & Kieckbusch 2014 Kunz, Ghizoni & Giasson 2011 Lema 1994 Marques, Pereira, Barbo, Germano & Sawaya 2009 Nogueira, Argolo, Arzamendia, Azevedo, Barbo, Bernils, Bolochio, Borges-Martins, Brasil-Godinho, Braz, Buononato, Cisneros-Heredia & Colli 2019 Outeiral, Balestrin, Cappellari, Lema & Ferreira 2018 Passos, Chiesse, Torres-Carvajal & Savage 2009 Passos, Fernandes, Bernils & Moura-Leite 2010 Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 Santos Dainesi, Abegg, Bernarde, Pena Correa, Caetano Machado, Oliveira Meneses & Sena Santos 2019 Silva, Silva, Ribeiro, Souza & Souza 2005 Spengler Waltrick & Menta Giasson 2021 Trevine, Forlani, Haddad & Zaher 2014 Winck, Santos & Cechin 2007 Zaher, Barbo, Martinez, Nogueira, Rodrigues & Sawaya 2011 Zaher, Souza, Gower, Hingst-Zaher & Silva 2005   Atractus riveroi Tepui Spindle Snake Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Fraga, Almeida, Moraes, Gordo, Pirani, Zamora, Carvalho, Passos & Werneck 2017 Moraes, Almeida, Fraga, Rojas, Pirani, Silva, Carvalho, Gordo & Werneck 2017 Nogueira, Argolo, Arzamendia, Azevedo, Barbo, Bernils, Bolochio, Borges-Martins, Brasil-Godinho, Braz, Buononato, Cisneros-Heredia & Colli 2019   * Atractus ronnie Baturite Spindle Snake Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Guedes, Nogueira & Marques 2014 Loebmann & Haddad 2010 Loebmann, Ribeiro, Sales & Almeida 2009 Nogueira, Argolo, Arzamendia, Azevedo, Barbo, Bernils, Bolochio, Borges-Martins, Brasil-Godinho, Braz, Buononato, Cisneros-Heredia & Colli 2019 Passos, Fernandes & Borges-Nojosa 2007 Passos, Fernandes, Bernils & Moura-Leite 2010 Ribeiro, Roberto, Sales, Avila & Almeida 2012 Roberto & Loebmann 2016   * Atractus serranus Paranapiacaba Montains Spindle Snake Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Nogueira, Argolo, Arzamendia, Azevedo, Barbo, Bernils, Bolochio, Borges-Martins, Brasil-Godinho, Braz, Buononato, Cisneros-Heredia & Colli 2019 Passos, Fernandes, Bernils & Moura-Leite 2010 Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 Trevine, Forlani, Haddad & Zaher 2014 Zaher, Barbo, Martinez, Nogueira, Rodrigues & Sawaya 2011   Atractus snethlageae Gurupi River Spindle Snake Avila-Pires 2005 Avila-Pires, Vitt, Sartorius & Zani 2009 Bernarde & Abe 2006 Bernarde, Albuquerque, Barros & Turci 2012 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Freitas, Vieira, Entiauspe-Neto, Oliveira-e-Sousa, Farias, Sousa & Moura 2017 Frota 2000 Koehler & Kieckbusch 2014 Martins & Oliveira 1993 Martins & Oliveira 1999 Melo-Sampaio, Passos, Prudente, Venegas & Torres-Carvajal 2021 Nogueira, Argolo, Arzamendia, Azevedo, Barbo, Bernils, Bolochio, Borges-Martins, Brasil-Godinho, Braz, Buononato, Cisneros-Heredia & Colli 2019 Passos & Fernandes 2008 Passos, Ramos, Fouquet & Prudente 2017 Ribeiro-Junior, Rossi, Miranda & Avila-Pires 2011 Santos-Costa, Maschio & Prudente 2015 Schargel, Lamar, Passos, Valencia, Cisneros-Heredia & Campbell 2013 Silva 1993   * Atractus spinalis Cipo Mountains Spindle Snake Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Nogueira, Argolo, Arzamendia, Azevedo, Barbo, Bernils, Bolochio, Borges-Martins, Brasil-Godinho, Braz, Buononato, Cisneros-Heredia & Colli 2019 Passos, Junior, Recoder, Sena, Vechio, Pinto, Mendonca, Cassimiro & Rodrigues 2013   * Atractus stygius Mato Grosso Spindle Snake Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Nogueira, Argolo, Arzamendia, Azevedo, Barbo, Bernils, Bolochio, Borges-Martins, Brasil-Godinho, Braz, Buononato, Cisneros-Heredia & Colli 2019 Passos, Azevedo, Nogueira, Fernandes & Sawaya 2019   * Atractus surucucu Surucucu Spindle Snake Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Nogueira, Argolo, Arzamendia, Azevedo, Barbo, Bernils, Bolochio, Borges-Martins, Brasil-Godinho, Braz, Buononato, Cisneros-Heredia & Colli 2019 Passos, Kok, Albuquerque & Rivas 2013 Prudente & Passos 2008 Prudente & Passos 2010   * Atractus tartarus Vila Palestina Spindle Snake Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Nogueira, Argolo, Arzamendia, Azevedo, Barbo, Bernils, Bolochio, Borges-Martins, Brasil-Godinho, Braz, Buononato, Cisneros-Heredia & Colli 2019 Passos, Prudente & Lynch 2016   Atractus thalesdelemai Passo Fundo Spindle Snake Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Nogueira, Argolo, Arzamendia, Azevedo, Barbo, Bernils, Bolochio, Borges-Martins, Brasil-Godinho, Braz, Buononato, Cisneros-Heredia & Colli 2019 Passos, Fernandes & Zanella 2005 Passos, Fernandes, Bernils & Moura-Leite 2010   Atractus torquatus Rusty Spindle Snake Avila-Pires 2005 Avila-Pires, Hoogmoed & Rocha 2010 Carvalho, Souza Alencar & Carvalho-Vilar 2007 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Debien, Waldez & Menin 2019 Hoogmoed 1980 Martins & Oliveira 1993 Martins & Oliveira 1999 Maschio, Santos-Costa & Prudente 2016 Nogueira, Argolo, Arzamendia, Azevedo, Barbo, Bernils, Bolochio, Borges-Martins, Brasil-Godinho, Braz, Buononato, Cisneros-Heredia & Colli 2019 Passos & Fernandes 2008 Passos & Prudente 2012 Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 Prudente, Maschio, Santos-Costa & Feitosa 2010 Prudente, Melo Sarmento, Camara Costa, Moreira Dourado, Meireles dos Santos, Ferreira Lima, Dias Lima & Galatti 2020 Santos Azevedo, Oliveira & Costa 2021 Waldez, Menin & Vogt 2013   Atractus trefauti Roura Spindle Snake Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Melo-Sampaio, Passos, Fouquet, Costa Prudente & Torres-Carvajal 2019 Nogueira, Argolo, Arzamendia, Azevedo, Barbo, Bernils, Bolochio, Borges-Martins, Brasil-Godinho, Braz, Buononato, Cisneros-Heredia & Colli 2019 Prudente, Melo Sarmento, Camara Costa, Moreira Dourado, Meireles dos Santos, Ferreira Lima, Dias Lima & Galatti 2020   * Atractus trihedrurus South Brazilian Spindle Snake Abrahao-Morato 2005 Condez, Sawaya & Dixo 2009 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Cruz-Forlani, Bernardo, Haddad & Zaher 2010 Nogueira, Argolo, Arzamendia, Azevedo, Barbo, Bernils, Bolochio, Borges-Martins, Brasil-Godinho, Braz, Buononato, Cisneros-Heredia & Colli 2019 Passos, Fernandes, Bernils & Moura-Leite 2010 Zaher, Barbo, Martinez, Nogueira, Rodrigues & Sawaya 2011   Atractus trilineatus Venezuelan Three-lined Spindle Snake Avila-Pires 2005 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Cunha & Nascimento 1980 Martins & Oliveira 1993 Martins & Oliveira 1999 Murphy, Salvi, Braswell & Jowers 2020 Nogueira, Argolo, Arzamendia, Azevedo, Barbo, Bernils, Bolochio, Borges-Martins, Brasil-Godinho, Braz, Buononato, Cisneros-Heredia & Colli 2019 O'Shea 1990 Passos & Fernandes 2008 Passos, Chiesse, Torres-Carvajal & Savage 2009 Silva, Silva, Ribeiro, Souza & Souza 2005 Zaher, Souza, Gower, Hingst-Zaher & Silva 2005   * Atractus zebrinus Zebra Spindle Snake Abrahao-Morato 2005 Barbo 2008 Barbo, Marques & Sawaya 2011 Condez, Sawaya & Dixo 2009 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Marques, Pereira, Barbo, Germano & Sawaya 2009 Menezes, Abegg, Silva, Franco & Feio 2018 Moura-Leite, Morato & Bernils 1996 [as maculatus] Nogueira, Argolo, Arzamendia, Azevedo, Barbo, Bernils, Bolochio, Borges-Martins, Brasil-Godinho, Braz, Buononato, Cisneros-Heredia & Colli 2019 Oliveira, Gonzalez, Passos, Vrcibradic & Rocha 2020 Ortiz, Freitas, Rodrigues, Abegg & Franco 2017 Passos, Fernandes, Bernils & Moura-Leite 2010 Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 [as maculatus] Rocha, Bergallo, Pombal, Geise, Sluys, Fernandes & Caramaschi 2004 Trevine, Forlani, Haddad & Zaher 2014 Zaher, Barbo, Martinez, Nogueira, Rodrigues & Sawaya 2011   Atractus zidoki Haut Oyapock Spindle Snake Avila-Pires 2005 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Nogueira, Argolo, Arzamendia, Azevedo, Barbo, Bernils, Bolochio, Borges-Martins, Brasil-Godinho, Braz, Buononato, Cisneros-Heredia & Colli 2019 Passos & Fernandes 2008 Passos, Ramos, Pinna & Prudente 2013 Prudente & Passos 2010 Prudente, Melo Sarmento, Camara Costa, Moreira Dourado, Meireles dos Santos, Ferreira Lima, Dias Lima & Galatti 2020 Genus Baliodryas (Santa Cruz Smooth Snake)   Baliodryas steinbachi Santa Cruz Smooth Snake Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Zaher & Prudente 2020 Genus Boiruna (Southern Snake Eaters)   Boiruna maculata South American Spotted Snake Eater Campos Nogueira 2001 Condez, Sawaya & Dixo 2009 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Costa, Resende, Gonzalez, Cotta & Feio 2014 Ferreira, Terra, Piatti, Delatorre, Strussmann, Beda, Kawashita-Ribeiro, Landgref-Filho, Aoki, Campos, Souza, Avila, Duleba, Martins, Rita & Albuquerque 2017 Franca & Araujo 2006 Franca & Silva Braz 2013 Giraudo & Scrocchi 2002 Kunz, Ghizoni, Santos & Hartmann 2007 Marques, Pereira, Barbo, Germano & Sawaya 2009 Menezes, Abegg, Silva, Franco & Feio 2018 Nogueira, Argolo, Arzamendia, Azevedo, Barbo, Bernils, Bolochio, Borges-Martins, Brasil-Godinho, Braz, Buononato, Cisneros-Heredia & Colli 2019 Outeiral, Balestrin, Cappellari, Lema & Ferreira 2018 Santos, Oliveira & Tozetti 2012 Sao-Pedro & Pires 2009 Sawaya, Marques & Martins 2008 Souza-Filho, Plombon & Capela 2015 Winck, Santos & Cechin 2007 Zaher 1996 Zaher, Barbo, Martinez, Nogueira, Rodrigues & Sawaya 2011   * Boiruna sertaneja Sertao Snake Eater Araujo, Ribeiro, Andrade, Pereira, Guzzi & Avila 2020 Calixto & Morato 2017 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Franca, Germano & Franca 2012 Freitas, Abegg, Silva Araujo, Almeida Coelho, Santos Azevedo, Frazao Chaves & Barbosa de Moura 2019 Freitas, Colli, Entiauspe-Neto, Trinchao, Araujo, Oliveira Lima, Franca, Gaiga & Dias 2016 Freitas, Verissimo & Uhlig 2012 Guedes, Nogueira & Marques 2014 Hamdan & Lira-da-Silva 2012 Loebmann & Haddad 2010 Mesquita, Alves, Pedro, Laranjeiras, Caldas, Pedrosa, Rodrigues, Drummond, Cavalcanti, Wachlevski, Nogueira-Costa, Franca & Franca 2018 Mesquita, Passos, Borges-Nojosa & Cechin 2013 Nascimento-Barbosa, Silva-Amaral, Pereira-Alcantara & Santos 2018 Nogueira, Argolo, Arzamendia, Azevedo, Barbo, Bernils, Bolochio, Borges-Martins, Brasil-Godinho, Braz, Buononato, Cisneros-Heredia & Colli 2019 Oliveira Lima, Andrade, Lima da Silva & Reis Dias 2022 Recoder, Junior, Camacho, Nunes, Mott, Valdujo, Ghellere, Nogueira & Rodrigues 2011 [as "cf. sertaneja"] Ribeiro, Roberto, Sales, Avila & Almeida 2012 Roberto & Loebmann 2016 Rodrigues, Gama, Filho & Franca 2015 Santos Caldas, Borges Costa, Laranjeiras, Oliveira Mesquita & Garda 2016 Souto de Brito & Goncalves 2012 Tavares Mendonca, Silva Vieira & Nobrega Alves 2014 Zaher 1996 Genus Calamodontophis (Southeastern Neotropical Forest Snakes)   Calamodontophis paucidens Southern Forest Snake Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Franco, Carvalho-Cintra & Lema 2006 Franco, Salomao, Borges-Martins, Di-Bernardo, Meneghel & Carreira 2001 Lema 1994 Nogueira, Argolo, Arzamendia, Azevedo, Barbo, Bernils, Bolochio, Borges-Martins, Brasil-Godinho, Braz, Buononato, Cisneros-Heredia & Colli 2019 Pagini & Lema 1987 Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970   * Calamodontophis ronaldoi Parana Forest Snake Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Franco, Carvalho-Cintra & Lema 2006 Nogueira, Argolo, Arzamendia, Azevedo, Barbo, Bernils, Bolochio, Borges-Martins, Brasil-Godinho, Braz, Buononato, Cisneros-Heredia & Colli 2019 Genus Cercophis (Atlantic Forest Liana Snake)   Cercophis auratus Atlantic Forest Liana Snake Abrahao-Morato 2005 [as Uromacerina ricardinii] Argolo 2001 [as Uromacerina ricardinii] Barcelos-Riveiro, d'Agostini & Lema 2004 [as Uromacerina ricardinii] Bernils, Batista & Bertelli 2001 [as Uromacerina ricardinii] Bezerra, Ferreira-Guilhon, Lima-Ramos & Borges-Nojosa 2020 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Cunha & Nascimento 1982 [as Uromacerina ricardinii] Franca, Franca, Roedder & Sole 2022 Hamdan & Lira-da-Silva 2012 [as Uromacerina ricardinii] Hartmann, Hartmann & Martins 2009 [as Uromacerina ricardinii] Hartmann, Hartmann & Martins 2011 [as Uromacerina ricardinii] Hoogmoed 1997 Hoogmoed, Fernandes, Kucharzewski, Moura-Leite, Bernils, Entiauspe-Neto & Santos 2019 Lema 1973 [as Uromacerina ricardinii] Lema 1994 [as Uromacerina ricardinii] Marques, Pereira, Barbo, Germano & Sawaya 2009 [as Uromacerina ricardinii] Muller & Ritter 1978 [as Uromacerina ricardinii] Nogueira, Argolo, Arzamendia, Azevedo, Barbo, Bernils, Bolochio, Borges-Martins, Brasil-Godinho, Braz, Buononato, Cisneros-Heredia & Colli 2019 Oliveira, Gonzalez, Passos, Vrcibradic & Rocha 2020 Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 [as Uromacerina ricardinii] Pontes, Figueiredo, Pontes & Rocha 2008 [as Uromacerina ricardinii] Rocha, Bergallo, Pombal, Geise, Sluys, Fernandes & Caramaschi 2004 [as Uromacerina ricardinii] Rojas-Padilla, Menezes, Dias, Argolo, Sole & Orrico 2020 Spengler Waltrick & Menta Giasson 2021 Zaher, Barbo, Martinez, Nogueira, Rodrigues & Sawaya 2011 [as Uromacerina ricardinii] Zamprogno 1997 [as Uromacerina ricardinii] Genus Chironius (Sipos)   * Chironius bicarinatus Eastern Sipo Abrahao-Morato, Lima, Pries Staut, Faria, Souza-Alves, Feitosa Gouveia, Cavilha Scupino, Gomes & Silva 2011 Almeida-Gomes, Siqueira, Borges-Junior, Vrcibradic, Fusinatto & Rocha 2014 Almeida-Gomes, Siquiera, Borges-Junior, Vrcibradic, Fusinatto & Rocha 2014 Araujo, Condez, Bovo, Centeno & Luiz 2010 Argolo 2004 Barbo 2008 Barbo, Marques & Sawaya 2011 Castro & Teixeira 2007 Cavalheri, Siqueira, Brasil-Godinho, Fadel, Trevine, Sartori & Santana 2021 Cicchi, Sena, Peccinini-Seale & Duarte 2007 Cicchi, Serafim, Sena, Cruz-Centeno & Jim 2009 Condez, Sawaya & Dixo 2009 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Costa, Pantoja, Pontes & Feio 2010 Cruz-Centeno, Sawaya & Marques 2008 Cruz-Forlani, Bernardo, Haddad & Zaher 2010 Dixon, Wiest & Cei 1993 Duarte Rocha, Silva Telles, Vrcibradic & Nogueira-Costa 2018 Entiauspe-Neto, Lyra, Koch, Quintela, Abegg & Loebmann 2020 Ferreira, Terra, Piatti, Delatorre, Strussmann, Beda, Kawashita-Ribeiro, Landgref-Filho, Aoki, Campos, Souza, Avila, Duleba, Martins, Rita & Albuquerque 2017 Franca, Franca, Roedder & Sole 2022 Freitas 2014 Garda, Costa, Santos-Silva, Mesquita, Faria, Conceicao, Silva, Ferreira, Rocha, Palmeira, Rodrigues, Ferrari & Torquato 2013 Guedes, Nogueira & Marques 2014 Hamdan & Lira-da-Silva 2012 Hartmann, Hartmann & Martins 2009 Hartmann, Hartmann & Martins 2011 Hoogmoed 1997 Loebmann & Haddad 2010 Marques, Mebert, Fonseca, Roedder, Sole & Tinoco 2016 Marques, Pereira, Barbo, Germano & Sawaya 2009 Marques, Roedder, Sole & Tinoco 2017 Marquez & Sazima 2004 Menezes, Abegg, Silva, Franco & Feio 2018 Moura, Motta, Fernandes & Feio 2012 Nogueira, Argolo, Arzamendia, Azevedo, Barbo, Bernils, Bolochio, Borges-Martins, Brasil-Godinho, Braz, Buononato, Cisneros-Heredia & Colli 2019 Oliveira Lima, Andrade, Lima da Silva & Reis Dias 2022 Oliveira, Gonzalez, Passos, Vrcibradic & Rocha 2020 Oliveira, Santos, Lopes-Silva, Vasconcelos Barros, Risse-Quaioto, Militao, Fatorelli, Belmoch, Marcial de Castro & Rocha 2020 Ortiz, Freitas, Rodrigues, Abegg & Franco 2017 Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 Pontes, Figueiredo, Pontes & Rocha 2008 Roberto & Loebmann 2016 Rocha & Sluys 2006 Rocha, Bergallo, Pombal, Geise, Sluys, Fernandes & Caramaschi 2004 Salles & Silva-Soares 2010 Salles, Weber & Silva-Soares 2010 Santos Dainesi, Abegg, Bernarde, Pena Correa, Caetano Machado, Oliveira Meneses & Sena Santos 2019 Sazima & Manzani 1995 Silva Cozer, Pereira-Ribeiro, Meirelles Linause, Colombo Ferreguetti, Godoy Bergallo & Rocha 2020 Sousa, Gomides, Hudson, Ribeiro & Novelli 2012 Spengler Waltrick & Menta Giasson 2021 Tonini, Carao, Pinto, Gasparini, Leite & Costa 2010 Trevine, Forlani, Haddad & Zaher 2014 Vaz-Silva, Guimaraes-Guedes, Azevedo-Silva, Gontijo, Barbosa, Aloisio & Oliveira 2007 Zaher, Barbo, Martinez, Nogueira, Rodrigues & Sawaya 2011   * Chironius brazili Southeast Brazilian Sipo Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Fiorillo, Maciel & Martins 2021 Hamdan & Fernandes 2015 Menezes, Abegg, Silva, Franco & Feio 2018 Nogueira, Argolo, Arzamendia, Azevedo, Barbo, Bernils, Bolochio, Borges-Martins, Brasil-Godinho, Braz, Buononato, Cisneros-Heredia & Colli 2019   Chironius carinatus Yellow-lipped Sipo Amaral 1949 Araujo, Franca, Nascimento, Orsi Laranjeiras & Rodrigues Franca 2019 Araujo, Ribeiro, Andrade, Pereira, Guzzi & Avila 2020 Argolo 2004 Avila-Pires 2005 Bernarde, Albuquerque, Barros & Turci 2012 Bernarde, Machado & Turci 2011 Carvalho, Souza Alencar & Carvalho-Vilar 2007 Cordeiro & Hoge 1973 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Cunha & Nascimento 1980 Dixon, Wiest & Cei 1993 Fonseca, Silva, Abegg, Rosa & Bernarde 2019 Franca, Freitas, Ramalho & Bernarde 2017 Freitas 2014 Freitas, Vieira, Entiauspe-Neto, Oliveira-e-Sousa, Farias, Sousa & Moura 2017 Frota, Santos, Chaldikis & Guedes 2005 Guedes, Nogueira & Marques 2014 Hamdan & Lira-da-Silva 2012 Hoge, Romano & Cordeiro 1978 Marques, Mebert, Fonseca, Roedder, Sole & Tinoco 2016 Marques, Roedder, Sole & Tinoco 2017 Nascimento, Avila-Pires, Santos & Lima 1991 Nogueira, Argolo, Arzamendia, Azevedo, Barbo, Bernils, Bolochio, Borges-Martins, Brasil-Godinho, Braz, Buononato, Cisneros-Heredia & Colli 2019 Oliveira Lima, Andrade, Lima da Silva & Reis Dias 2022 O'Shea 1990 Protazio, Protazio, Silva, Conceicao, Braga, Santos, Ribeiro, Almeida, Gama, Vieira & Silva 2021 Prudente, Melo Sarmento, Camara Costa, Moreira Dourado, Meireles dos Santos, Ferreira Lima, Dias Lima & Galatti 2020 Roberto & Loebmann 2016 Rodrigues, Maschio & Prudente 2016 Rodrigues-Franca & Mendes Venancio 2010 Santos Azevedo, Oliveira & Costa 2021 Silva, Souza & Bernarde 2010 Vanzolini, Ramos-Costa & Vitt 1980 Waldez, Menin & Vogt 2013 Yuki & Santos 1998   * Chironius diamantina Chapada Diamantina Sipo Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Fernandes & Hamdan 2014 Nogueira, Argolo, Arzamendia, Azevedo, Barbo, Bernils, Bolochio, Borges-Martins, Brasil-Godinho, Braz, Buononato, Cisneros-Heredia & Colli 2019   Chironius dixoni Beni Sipo Bernarde, Albuquerque, Miranda & Turci 2013 [as laurenti] Carvalho & Nogueira 1998 [as laurenti] Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Dixon, Wiest & Cei 1993 [as laurenti] Ferreira, Terra, Piatti, Delatorre, Strussmann, Beda, Kawashita-Ribeiro, Landgref-Filho, Aoki, Campos, Souza, Avila, Duleba, Martins, Rita & Albuquerque 2017 [as laurenti] Miranda, Venancio & Albuquerque 2014 [as laurenti] Nogueira, Argolo, Arzamendia, Azevedo, Barbo, Bernils, Bolochio, Borges-Martins, Brasil-Godinho, Braz, Buononato, Cisneros-Heredia & Colli 2019 [as laurenti] Pinheiro, Abe, Bitar, Albarelli & Santos-Costa 2015 [as laurenti] Tavares, Melo, Campos, Oda & Strussmann 2012 [as laurenti]   Chironius exoletus Green Sipo Abrahao-Morato 2005 Abrahao-Morato, Lima, Pries Staut, Faria, Souza-Alves, Feitosa Gouveia, Cavilha Scupino, Gomes & Silva 2011 Argolo 2004 Avila-Pires 2005 Avila-Pires, Hoogmoed & Rocha 2010 Avila-Pires, Vitt, Sartorius & Zani 2009 Barbo 2008 Barbo, Marques & Sawaya 2011 Bernarde & Abe 2006 Bernarde & Abe 2010 Bernarde, Albuquerque, Barros & Turci 2012 Bernils, Batista & Bertelli 2001 Castro & Teixeira 2007 Cicchi, Sena, Peccinini-Seale & Duarte 2007 Condez, Sawaya & Dixo 2009 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Costa, Pantoja, Pontes & Feio 2010 Costa, Resende, Gonzalez, Cotta & Feio 2014 Costa-Campos, Ribeiro Sanches, Pedroso-Santos, Figueiredo, Tavares-Pinheiro & Almeida-Santos 2021 Cruz-Centeno, Sawaya & Marques 2008 Cruz-Forlani, Bernardo, Haddad & Zaher 2010 Cunha de Oliveira & Soares de Oliveira 2014 Cunha, Nascimento & Avila-Pires 1985 Dixon, Wiest & Cei 1993 Duarte Rocha, Silva Telles, Vrcibradic & Nogueira-Costa 2018 Ferreira, Terra, Piatti, Delatorre, Strussmann, Beda, Kawashita-Ribeiro, Landgref-Filho, Aoki, Campos, Souza, Avila, Duleba, Martins, Rita & Albuquerque 2017 Fiorillo, Silva, Menezes, Marques & Martins 2020 Franca & Araujo 2006 Franca & Silva Braz 2013 Franca, Franca, Roedder & Sole 2022 Franca, Freitas, Ramalho & Bernarde 2017 Franca, Germano & Franca 2012 Freitas 2014 Freitas, Abegg, Ribeiro Dias & Figueiredo Moraes 2018 Freitas, Mendes Venancio, Abegg, Santos Azevedo, Oliveira Pereira, Pinheiro Zanotti, Veloso, Schwarzbach, Oliveira e Sousa, Cruz-da-Silva, Goncalves de Amorim & Barbosa de Moura 2020 Freitas, Santos Silva, Mendes Fonseca, Hamdan, Filadelfo & Abegg 2019 Freitas, Vieira, Entiauspe-Neto, Oliveira-e-Sousa, Farias, Sousa & Moura 2017 Frota & Yuki 2002 Frota, Santos, Chaldikis & Guedes 2005 Guedes, Nogueira & Marques 2014 Gutsche, Kwet, Kucharzewski & Hallermann 2007 Hamdan & Lira-da-Silva 2012 Hartmann, Hartmann & Martins 2009 Hartmann, Hartmann & Martins 2011 Hoge, Romano & Cordeiro 1978 Kunz & Ghizoni 2009 Kunz, Ghizoni, Santos & Hartmann 2007 Lema 1994 Lema, Vieria & Araujo 1984 Lima-Verde & Cascon 1990 Linares & Eterovick 2013 Marques, Mebert, Fonseca, Roedder, Sole & Tinoco 2016 Marques, Pereira, Barbo, Germano & Sawaya 2009 Marques, Roedder, Sole & Tinoco 2017 Marques, Tinoco, Couto-Ferreira, Fazolato, Browne-Ribeiro, Travassos, Dias & Mota 2011 Marquez & Sazima 2004 Maschio, Santos-Costa & Prudente 2016 Mesquita, Alves, Pedro, Laranjeiras, Caldas, Pedrosa, Rodrigues, Drummond, Cavalcanti, Wachlevski, Nogueira-Costa, Franca & Franca 2018 Nascimento, Avila Pires & Cunha 1988 Nogueira, Argolo, Arzamendia, Azevedo, Barbo, Bernils, Bolochio, Borges-Martins, Brasil-Godinho, Braz, Buononato, Cisneros-Heredia & Colli 2019 Oliveira da Silva, Oliveira, Woitovicz-Cardoso & Graf 2007 Oliveira Lima, Andrade, Lima da Silva & Reis Dias 2022 Oliveira, Gonzalez, Passos, Vrcibradic & Rocha 2020 O'Shea 1990 Pereira-Filho & Montingelli 2011 Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 [as pyrrhopogon] Pinheiro, Abe, Bitar, Albarelli & Santos-Costa 2015 Pontes, Figueiredo, Pontes & Rocha 2008 Prudente, Maschio, Santos-Costa & Feitosa 2010 Prudente, Melo Sarmento, Camara Costa, Moreira Dourado, Meireles dos Santos, Ferreira Lima, Dias Lima & Galatti 2020 Roberto & Loebmann 2016 Rocha & Sluys 2006 Rocha, Bergallo, Pombal, Geise, Sluys, Fernandes & Caramaschi 2004 Rodrigues, Gama, Filho & Franca 2015 Rodrigues, Maschio & Prudente 2016 Rodrigues-Franca & Mendes Venancio 2010 Rojas-Padilla, Menezes, Dias, Argolo, Sole & Orrico 2020 Salles & Silva-Soares 2010 Salles, Weber & Silva-Soares 2010 Santos-Costa, Maschio & Prudente 2015 Silva 1993 Silva Cozer, Pereira-Ribeiro, Meirelles Linause, Colombo Ferreguetti, Godoy Bergallo & Rocha 2020 Silva, Cintra, Silva, Costa, Amaral-Souza, Pacheco & Goncalves 2009 Silva, Menks, Prudente, Costa, Travassos & Galatti 2011 Silva-Soares, Ferreira, Salles & Rocha 2011 Sousa, Gomides, Hudson, Ribeiro & Novelli 2012 Souza Filho & Oliveira 2015 Spengler Waltrick & Menta Giasson 2021 Sudre, Curcio, Nunes, Pellegrino & Rodrigues 2017 Trevine, Forlani, Haddad & Zaher 2014 Turci & Bernarde 2008 Vaz-Silva, Guimaraes-Guedes, Azevedo-Silva, Gontijo, Barbosa, Aloisio & Oliveira 2007 Vechio, Recoder, Rodrigues & Zaher 2013 Waldez, Menin & Vogt 2013 Yuki & Santos 1998 Yuki, Galatti & Rocha 1999 Zaher, Barbo, Martinez, Nogueira, Rodrigues & Sawaya 2011   Chironius flavolineatus Yellow-striped Sipo Albuquerque & Freitas 2011 Araujo & Almeida-Santos 2011 Araujo, Ribeiro, Andrade, Pereira, Guzzi & Avila 2020 Bernarde, Albuquerque, Barros & Turci 2012 Borges-Nojosa & Cassiano-Lima 2009 Carvalho & Nogueira 1998 Carvalho, Silva, Ferreira, Souza & Santana 2018 Castro, Mangia, Medeiros Magalhaes, Roehr, Camurugi, Silveira Filho, Silva, Andrade-Oliveira, Sousa, Rodrigues Franca, Harris, Garda & Borges-Nojosa 2019 Cintra, Silva & Silva 2009 Colli & Peres 1997 Colli & Peres 1998 Condez, Sawaya & Dixo 2009 Cordeiro & Hoge 1973 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Costa, Resende, Gonzalez, Cotta & Feio 2014 Cruz-Forlani, Bernardo, Haddad & Zaher 2010 Cunha, Nascimento & Avila-Pires 1985 Dias-Lima 2008 Dixon, Wiest & Cei 1993 Ferreira, Terra, Piatti, Delatorre, Strussmann, Beda, Kawashita-Ribeiro, Landgref-Filho, Aoki, Campos, Souza, Avila, Duleba, Martins, Rita & Albuquerque 2017 Franca & Araujo 2006 Franca & Silva Braz 2013 Franca, Germano & Franca 2012 Freitas 2014 Freitas, Abegg, Silva Araujo, Almeida Coelho, Santos Azevedo, Frazao Chaves & Barbosa de Moura 2019 Freitas, Colli, Entiauspe-Neto, Trinchao, Araujo, Oliveira Lima, Franca, Gaiga & Dias 2016 Freitas, Verissimo & Uhlig 2012 Guedes, Nogueira & Marques 2014 Hamdan & Fernandes 2015 Hamdan & Lira-da-Silva 2012 Hamdan, Scali & Fernandes 2014 Loebmann & Haddad 2010 Lopes Santos, Pereira de Andrade, Victor-Junior & Vaz-Silva 2014 Madella-Auricchio, Auricchio & Soares 2017 Marques, Mebert, Fonseca, Roedder, Sole & Tinoco 2016 Marques, Pereira, Barbo, Germano & Sawaya 2009 Marques, Roedder, Sole & Tinoco 2017 Marques, Tinoco, Couto-Ferreira, Fazolato, Browne-Ribeiro, Travassos, Dias & Mota 2011 [as "cf. flavolineatus"] Mesquita, Alves, Pedro, Laranjeiras, Caldas, Pedrosa, Rodrigues, Drummond, Cavalcanti, Wachlevski, Nogueira-Costa, Franca & Franca 2018 Miranda, Costa & Rocha 2012 Moura-Leite, Morato & Bernils 1996 Nascimento Barbosa, Silva Amaral, Gusmao, Lira Lima, Melo Souza, Silva Aguiar, Maranhao dos Santos 2020 Nogueira, Argolo, Arzamendia, Azevedo, Barbo, Bernils, Bolochio, Borges-Martins, Brasil-Godinho, Braz, Buononato, Cisneros-Heredia & Colli 2019 Oliveira Lima, Andrade, Lima da Silva & Reis Dias 2022 Oliveira Neves, Yves, Almeida Pereira, Alves, Bonfim Vasques, Teixeira Coelho & Santos Silva 2019 Oliveira, Muniz & Moura 2016 Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 Pinto, Fernandes & Marques 2008 Pinto, Marques & Fernandes 2010 Prudente, Melo Sarmento, Camara Costa, Moreira Dourado, Meireles dos Santos, Ferreira Lima, Dias Lima & Galatti 2020 Ribeiro, Roberto, Sales, Avila & Almeida 2012 Roberto & Loebmann 2016 Rodrigues, Gama, Filho & Franca 2015 Rodrigues, Maschio & Prudente 2016 Sampaio, Santos, Franca, Pedrosa, Sole & Franca 2018 Santana, Vieira, Pereira-Filho, Delfim, Lima & Vieira 2008 Sao-Pedro & Pires 2009 Sawaya, Marques & Martins 2008 Silva, Cintra, Silva, Costa, Amaral-Souza, Pacheco & Goncalves 2009 Silva, Oliveira, Morais, Kawashita-Ribeiro, Brito & Avila 2015 Silva, Silva, Sena & Nascimento 2006 Strussmann, Almeida-Prado, Uetanabaro & Ferreira 2000 Tavares, Melo, Campos, Oda & Strussmann 2012 Varela Rios, Novelli, Hudson, Cozendey, Lima & Sousa 2017 Vaz-Silva, Guimaraes-Guedes, Azevedo-Silva, Gontijo, Barbosa, Aloisio & Oliveira 2007 Vechio, Recoder, Rodrigues & Zaher 2013 Yuki & Santos 1998 Zaher, Barbo, Martinez, Nogueira, Rodrigues & Sawaya 2011   * Chironius foveatus Bahia Sipo Almeida-Gomes, Siqueira, Borges-Junior, Vrcibradic, Fusinatto & Rocha 2014 Almeida-Gomes, Siquiera, Borges-Junior, Vrcibradic, Fusinatto & Rocha 2014 Araujo, Condez, Bovo, Centeno & Luiz 2010 Argolo 2004 Bernils, Batista & Bertelli 2001 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Cruz-Centeno, Sawaya & Marques 2008 Cruz-Forlani, Bernardo, Haddad & Zaher 2010 Cunha de Oliveira & Soares de Oliveira 2014 Dixon, Wiest & Cei 1993 Duarte Rocha, Silva Telles, Vrcibradic & Nogueira-Costa 2018 Freitas 2014 Freitas, Santos Silva, Mendes Fonseca, Hamdan, Filadelfo & Abegg 2019 Hamdan & Lira-da-Silva 2012 Hartmann, Hartmann & Martins 2009 Hartmann, Hartmann & Martins 2011 Kunz & Ghizoni 2009 Nogueira, Argolo, Arzamendia, Azevedo, Barbo, Bernils, Bolochio, Borges-Martins, Brasil-Godinho, Braz, Buononato, Cisneros-Heredia & Colli 2019 Oliveira, Gonzalez, Passos, Vrcibradic & Rocha 2020 Pereira-Ribeiro, Ferreguetti, Bergallo & Rocha 2022 Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 Rocha & Sluys 2006 Rojas-Padilla, Menezes, Dias, Argolo, Sole & Orrico 2020 Silva-Soares, Ferreira, Salles & Rocha 2011 Spengler Waltrick & Menta Giasson 2021 Vrcibradic, Rocha, Kiefer, Hatano, Fontes, Almeida-Gomes, Siqueira, Pontes, Borges-Junior, Gil, Klaion, Rubiao & Sluys 2011 Zaher, Barbo, Martinez, Nogueira, Rodrigues & Sawaya 2011   Chironius fuscus Brown Sipo Abrahao-Morato 2005 Almeida-Gomes, Siqueira, Borges-Junior, Vrcibradic, Fusinatto & Rocha 2014 Almeida-Gomes, Siquiera, Borges-Junior, Vrcibradic, Fusinatto & Rocha 2014 Amaral 1949 Argolo 2004 Avila & Kawashita-Ribeiro 2011 Avila-Pires 2005 Avila-Pires, Hoogmoed & Rocha 2010 Avila-Pires, Vitt, Sartorius & Zani 2009 Bernarde, Albuquerque, Barros & Turci 2012 Bernarde, Machado & Turci 2011 Carvalho, Souza Alencar & Carvalho-Vilar 2007 Cavalheri, Siqueira, Brasil-Godinho, Fadel, Trevine, Sartori & Santana 2021 Cicchi, Sena, Peccinini-Seale & Duarte 2007 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Cruz-Centeno, Sawaya & Marques 2008 Cunha, Nascimento & Avila-Pires 1985 Dias-Lima 2008 Dixon, Wiest & Cei 1993 Ferreira, Terra, Piatti, Delatorre, Strussmann, Beda, Kawashita-Ribeiro, Landgref-Filho, Aoki, Campos, Souza, Avila, Duleba, Martins, Rita & Albuquerque 2017 Fiorillo, Silva, Menezes, Marques & Martins 2020 Franca, Franca, Roedder & Sole 2022 Freitas 2014 Freitas, Abegg, Ribeiro Dias & Figueiredo Moraes 2018 Freitas, Mendes Venancio, Abegg, Santos Azevedo, Oliveira Pereira, Pinheiro Zanotti, Veloso, Schwarzbach, Oliveira e Sousa, Cruz-da-Silva, Goncalves de Amorim & Barbosa de Moura 2020 Freitas, Santos Silva, Mendes Fonseca, Hamdan, Filadelfo & Abegg 2019 Freitas, Vieira, Entiauspe-Neto, Oliveira-e-Sousa, Farias, Sousa & Moura 2017 Frota, Santos, Chaldikis & Guedes 2005 Hamdan & Lira-da-Silva 2012 Hartmann, Hartmann & Martins 2009 Hartmann, Hartmann & Martins 2011 Marquez & Sazima 2004 Martins & Oliveira 1999 Maschio, Santos-Costa & Prudente 2016 Moraes, Almeida, Fraga, Rojas, Pirani, Silva, Carvalho, Gordo & Werneck 2017 Nascimento, Avila Pires & Cunha 1988 Nogueira, Argolo, Arzamendia, Azevedo, Barbo, Bernils, Bolochio, Borges-Martins, Brasil-Godinho, Braz, Buononato, Cisneros-Heredia & Colli 2019 Oliveira, Gonzalez, Passos, Vrcibradic & Rocha 2020 Oliveira, Ruz & Barros 2013 Pedroso Santos, Ribeiro Sanches & Costa-Campos 2019 Pereira-Ribeiro, Ferreguetti, Bergallo & Rocha 2022 Pontes, Figueiredo, Pontes & Rocha 2008 Prudente, Maschio, Santos-Costa & Feitosa 2010 Prudente, Melo Sarmento, Camara Costa, Moreira Dourado, Meireles dos Santos, Ferreira Lima, Dias Lima & Galatti 2020 Rocha, Bergallo, Pombal, Geise, Sluys, Fernandes & Caramaschi 2004 Rodrigues, Maschio & Prudente 2016 Rojas-Padilla, Menezes, Dias, Argolo, Sole & Orrico 2020 Ruschi 1966 Salles & Silva-Soares 2010 Salles, Weber & Silva-Soares 2010 Santos-Costa, Maschio & Prudente 2015 Silva 1993 Silva Cozer, Pereira-Ribeiro, Meirelles Linause, Colombo Ferreguetti, Godoy Bergallo & Rocha 2020 Souza Palmuti, Cassimiro & Bertoluci 2009 Souza-Costa, Mira-Mendes, Ribeiro Dias, Brito Silva, Argolo & Sole 2020 Souza-Filho, Moura-Leite, Matias & Morato 2012 Sudre, Curcio, Nunes, Pellegrino & Rodrigues 2017 Vrcibradic, Rocha, Kiefer, Hatano, Fontes, Almeida-Gomes, Siqueira, Pontes, Borges-Junior, Gil, Klaion, Rubiao & Sluys 2011 Waldez, Menin & Vogt 2013 Yuki & Santos 1998 Yuki, Galatti & Rocha 1999 Zaher, Barbo, Martinez, Nogueira, Rodrigues & Sawaya 2011   Chironius gouveai Uruguayan Sipo Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Entiauspe-Neto, Lyra, Koch, Quintela, Abegg & Loebmann 2020   Chironius laevicollis Smooth-necked Sipo Abrahao-Morato 2005 Almeida-Gomes, Siqueira, Borges-Junior, Vrcibradic, Fusinatto & Rocha 2014 Almeida-Gomes, Siquiera, Borges-Junior, Vrcibradic, Fusinatto & Rocha 2014 Argolo 2004 Bernils, Batista & Bertelli 2001 Cicchi, Sena, Peccinini-Seale & Duarte 2007 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Cruz-Centeno, Sawaya & Marques 2008 Dixon, Wiest & Cei 1993 Fiorillo, Silva, Menezes, Marques & Martins 2020 Gutsche, Kwet, Kucharzewski & Hallermann 2007 Hamdan & Lira-da-Silva 2012 Hartmann, Hartmann & Martins 2009 Hartmann, Hartmann & Martins 2011 Hoogmoed 1997 Kunz & Ghizoni 2009 Kunz, Ghizoni, Santos & Hartmann 2007 Lema 1994 Marquez & Puorto 1996 Nogueira, Argolo, Arzamendia, Azevedo, Barbo, Bernils, Bolochio, Borges-Martins, Brasil-Godinho, Braz, Buononato, Cisneros-Heredia & Colli 2019 Oliveira da Silva, Oliveira, Woitovicz-Cardoso & Graf 2007 Oliveira, Gonzalez, Passos, Vrcibradic & Rocha 2020 Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 Pontes, Figueiredo, Pontes & Rocha 2008 Rocha, Bergallo, Pombal, Geise, Sluys, Fernandes & Caramaschi 2004 Rojas-Padilla, Menezes, Dias, Argolo, Sole & Orrico 2020 Salles & Silva-Soares 2010 Santos Dainesi, Abegg, Bernarde, Pena Correa, Caetano Machado, Oliveira Meneses & Sena Santos 2019 Spengler Waltrick & Menta Giasson 2021 Trevine, Forlani, Haddad & Zaher 2014 Zaher, Barbo, Martinez, Nogueira, Rodrigues & Sawaya 2011   Chironius maculoventris Spot-bellied Sipo Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Marra Santos, Repenning, Beier & Funk Pontes 2015 Nogueira, Argolo, Arzamendia, Azevedo, Barbo, Bernils, Bolochio, Borges-Martins, Brasil-Godinho, Braz, Buononato, Cisneros-Heredia & Colli 2019   Chironius multiventris Peruvian Sipo Avila-Pires 2005 Avila-Pires, Hoogmoed & Rocha 2010 [as cochranae] Avila-Pires, Vitt, Sartorius & Zani 2009 Bernarde & Abe 2006 Bernarde, Albuquerque, Barros & Turci 2012 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Cunha, Nascimento & Avila-Pires 1985 Dixon, Wiest & Cei 1993 [as cochranae] Franca, Freitas, Ramalho & Bernarde 2017 Freiberg 1982 [as cochranae] Freitas, Vieira, Entiauspe-Neto, Oliveira-e-Sousa, Farias, Sousa & Moura 2017 Frota, Santos, Chaldikis & Guedes 2005 [as cochranae] Martins & Oliveira 1999 Maschio, Santos-Costa & Prudente 2016 Mendes-Pinto & Souza 2011 Nascimento, Avila Pires & Cunha 1988 Nogueira, Argolo, Arzamendia, Azevedo, Barbo, Bernils, Bolochio, Borges-Martins, Brasil-Godinho, Braz, Buononato, Cisneros-Heredia & Colli 2019 Pantoja & Fraga 2012 Prudente, Maschio, Santos-Costa & Feitosa 2010 Prudente, Melo Sarmento, Camara Costa, Moreira Dourado, Meireles dos Santos, Ferreira Lima, Dias Lima & Galatti 2020 Rodrigues, Maschio & Prudente 2016 Rodrigues-Franca & Mendes Venancio 2010 Santos-Costa, Maschio & Prudente 2015 Silva 1993 Silva, Souza & Bernarde 2010 Yuki & Santos 1998   Chironius quadricarinatus Paraguayan Sipo Araujo & Almeida-Santos 2011 Argolo 1998 Argolo 2004 Bertoluci, Canelas, Eisemberg, Palmuti & Montingelli 2009 [as "cf. quadricarinatus"] Carvalho & Nogueira 1998 Carvalho, Silva, Ferreira, Souza & Santana 2018 Condez, Sawaya & Dixo 2009 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Costa, Pantoja, Pontes & Feio 2010 Costa, Resende, Gonzalez, Cotta & Feio 2014 Dixon, Wiest & Cei 1993 Ferreira, Terra, Piatti, Delatorre, Strussmann, Beda, Kawashita-Ribeiro, Landgref-Filho, Aoki, Campos, Souza, Avila, Duleba, Martins, Rita & Albuquerque 2017 Fiorillo, Maciel & Martins 2021 Franca & Araujo 2006 Franca & Silva Braz 2013 Franca, Franca, Roedder & Sole 2022 Freitas, Santos Silva & Rodrigues 2007 Freitas, Verissimo & Uhlig 2012 [as "cf. quadricarinatus"] Guedes, Nogueira & Marques 2014 Hamdan & Lira-da-Silva 2012 Hoogmoed 1997 Lopes Santos, Pereira de Andrade, Victor-Junior & Vaz-Silva 2014 Marques, Pereira, Barbo, Germano & Sawaya 2009 Moura, Motta, Fernandes & Feio 2012 Nogueira, Argolo, Arzamendia, Azevedo, Barbo, Bernils, Bolochio, Borges-Martins, Brasil-Godinho, Braz, Buononato, Cisneros-Heredia & Colli 2019 Oliveira, Gonzalez, Passos, Vrcibradic & Rocha 2020 Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 Pinto, Fernandes & Marques 2008 Pinto, Marques & Fernandes 2010 Sazima & Manzani 1995 Strussmann & Sazima 1993 Strussmann, Almeida-Prado, Uetanabaro & Ferreira 2000 Sudre, Curcio, Nunes, Pellegrino & Rodrigues 2017 Varela Rios, Novelli, Hudson, Cozendey, Lima & Sousa 2017 Vaz-Silva, Guimaraes-Guedes, Azevedo-Silva, Gontijo, Barbosa, Aloisio & Oliveira 2007 Zaher, Barbo, Martinez, Nogueira, Rodrigues & Sawaya 2011   Chironius scurrulus Rusty Sipo Avila-Pires 2005 Avila-Pires, Hoogmoed & Rocha 2010 Avila-Pires, Vitt, Sartorius & Zani 2009 Bernarde & Abe 2006 Bernarde & Abe 2010 Bernarde, Albuquerque, Barros & Turci 2012 Bernarde, Albuquerque, Miranda & Turci 2013 Bernarde, Machado & Turci 2011 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Costa-Campos, Ribeiro Sanches, Pedroso-Santos, Figueiredo, Tavares-Pinheiro & Almeida-Santos 2021 Cunha, Nascimento & Avila-Pires 1985 Debien, Waldez & Menin 2019 Dixon, Wiest & Cei 1993 Franca, Freitas, Ramalho & Bernarde 2017 Freitas, Vieira, Entiauspe-Neto, Oliveira-e-Sousa, Farias, Sousa & Moura 2017 Martins & Oliveira 1999 Maschio, Santos-Costa & Prudente 2016 Muller 1976 Nascimento, Avila Pires & Cunha 1988 Nogueira, Argolo, Arzamendia, Azevedo, Barbo, Bernils, Bolochio, Borges-Martins, Brasil-Godinho, Braz, Buononato, Cisneros-Heredia & Colli 2019 Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 Prudente, Maschio, Santos-Costa & Feitosa 2010 Prudente, Melo Sarmento, Camara Costa, Moreira Dourado, Meireles dos Santos, Ferreira Lima, Dias Lima & Galatti 2020 Santos-Costa, Maschio & Prudente 2015 Silva 1993 Silva, Souza & Bernarde 2010 Waldez, Menin & Vogt 2013 Yuki, Galatti & Rocha 1999   Chironius septentrionalis Northern Sipo Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Moraes, Almeida, Fraga, Rojas, Pirani, Silva, Carvalho, Gordo & Werneck 2017 Genus Chlorosoma (Green Bush Racers)   Chlorosoma dunupyana Rio Branco Bush Racer Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Melo-Sampaio, Passos, Martins, Jennings, Moura-Leite, Morato, Venegas, Chavez, Venancio & Souza 2020   Chlorosoma laticeps Bolivian Green Bush Racer Chippaux 1987 [as oligolepis] Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Nogueira, Argolo, Arzamendia, Azevedo, Barbo, Bernils, Bolochio, Borges-Martins, Brasil-Godinho, Braz, Buononato, Cisneros-Heredia & Colli 2019 Zaher, Scrocchi & Masiero 2008   Chlorosoma viridissimum Emerald Bush Racer Amaral 1949 Avila-Pires 2005 Avila-Pires, Vitt, Sartorius & Zani 2009 Bernarde, Albuquerque, Barros & Turci 2012 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Cunha, Nascimento & Avila-Pires 1985 Dias-Lima 2008 Entiauspe-Neto, Abegg, Rocha & Loebmann 2018 Ferrao, Filho & Silva 2012 Franca, Freitas, Ramalho & Bernarde 2017 Freitas, Franca & Bernarde 2012 Freitas, Vieira, Entiauspe-Neto, Oliveira-e-Sousa, Farias, Sousa & Moura 2017 Frota, Santos, Chaldikis & Guedes 2005 Hamdan & Lira-da-Silva 2012 Marques & Franco 1998 Martins & Oliveira 1999 Maschio, Santos-Costa & Prudente 2016 Nascimento, Avila Pires & Cunha 1988 Nascimento, Avila-Pires, Santos & Lima 1991 Nogueira, Argolo, Arzamendia, Azevedo, Barbo, Bernils, Bolochio, Borges-Martins, Brasil-Godinho, Braz, Buononato, Cisneros-Heredia & Colli 2019 O'Shea 1990 Pinheiro, Abe, Bitar, Albarelli & Santos-Costa 2015 Prudente, Maschio, Santos-Costa & Feitosa 2010 Prudente, Melo Sarmento, Camara Costa, Moreira Dourado, Meireles dos Santos, Ferreira Lima, Dias Lima & Galatti 2020 Rodrigues, Maschio & Prudente 2016 Rodrigues-Franca & Mendes Venancio 2010 Santos-Costa, Maschio & Prudente 2015 Silva 1993 Silva, Menks, Prudente, Costa, Travassos & Galatti 2011 Thomas 1976 Yuki & Santos 1998 Genus Clelia (Northern Snake Eaters)   Clelia clelia Common Snake Eater Amaral 1949 Avila-Pires 2005 Avila-Pires, Hoogmoed & Rocha 2010 Avila-Pires, Vitt, Sartorius & Zani 2009 Bernarde, Albuquerque, Barros & Turci 2012 Bernarde, Albuquerque, Miranda & Turci 2013 Bernarde, Machado & Turci 2011 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Debien, Waldez & Menin 2019 Dias-Lima 2008 Ferreira, Terra, Piatti, Delatorre, Strussmann, Beda, Kawashita-Ribeiro, Landgref-Filho, Aoki, Campos, Souza, Avila, Duleba, Martins, Rita & Albuquerque 2017 Fonseca, Silva, Abegg, Rosa & Bernarde 2019 Franca, Freitas, Ramalho & Bernarde 2017 Freitas, Mendes Venancio, Abegg, Santos Azevedo, Oliveira Pereira, Pinheiro Zanotti, Veloso, Schwarzbach, Oliveira e Sousa, Cruz-da-Silva, Goncalves de Amorim & Barbosa de Moura 2020 Frota, Santos, Chaldikis & Guedes 2005 Giraudo & Scrocchi 2002 Martins & Oliveira 1999 Maschio, Santos-Costa & Prudente 2016 Mendes-Pinto & Souza 2011 Miranda, Venancio & Albuquerque 2014 Nascimento, Avila-Pires, Santos & Lima 1991 Nogueira, Argolo, Arzamendia, Azevedo, Barbo, Bernils, Bolochio, Borges-Martins, Brasil-Godinho, Braz, Buononato, Cisneros-Heredia & Colli 2019 Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 [as occipitolutea] Prudente, Maschio, Santos-Costa & Feitosa 2010 Prudente, Melo Sarmento, Camara Costa, Moreira Dourado, Meireles dos Santos, Ferreira Lima, Dias Lima & Galatti 2020 Rodrigues, Maschio & Prudente 2016 Rodrigues-Franca & Mendes Venancio 2010 Santos-Costa, Maschio & Prudente 2015 Silva, Cintra, Silva, Costa, Amaral-Souza, Pacheco & Goncalves 2009 Silva, Souza & Bernarde 2010 Strussmann & Sazima 1993 Zaher 1996   * Clelia hussami Parana Snake Eater Borges-Martins, Rossetti & Anes 2005 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Kunz & Ghizoni 2009 Morato, Franco & Sanches 2003 Nogueira, Argolo, Arzamendia, Azevedo, Barbo, Bernils, Bolochio, Borges-Martins, Brasil-Godinho, Braz, Buononato, Cisneros-Heredia & Colli 2019   Clelia plumbea Plumbeous Snake Eater Argolo 2004 Bernarde & Abe 2010 Bernarde, Albuquerque, Barros & Turci 2012 Bernils, Batista & Bertelli 2001 Cicchi, Sena, Peccinini-Seale & Duarte 2007 Condez, Sawaya & Dixo 2009 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Cruz-Centeno, Sawaya & Marques 2008 Cruz-Forlani, Bernardo, Haddad & Zaher 2010 Duarte Rocha, Silva Telles, Vrcibradic & Nogueira-Costa 2018 Ferrao, Filho & Silva 2012 Franca & Araujo 2006 Freitas 2014 Freitas, Abegg, Ribeiro Dias & Figueiredo Moraes 2018 Freitas, Vieira, Entiauspe-Neto, Oliveira-e-Sousa, Farias, Sousa & Moura 2017 Guedes, Nogueira & Marques 2014 Gutsche, Kwet, Kucharzewski & Hallermann 2007 Hamdan & Lira-da-Silva 2012 Hartmann, Hartmann & Martins 2009 Hartmann, Hartmann & Martins 2011 Jansen, Alvarez & Koehler 2009 Kunz, Ghizoni, Santos & Hartmann 2007 Marques, Mebert, Fonseca, Roedder, Sole & Tinoco 2016 Marques, Pereira, Barbo, Germano & Sawaya 2009 Marques, Roedder, Sole & Tinoco 2017 Moreira, Fenolio, Silva & Silva 2009 Muller 1974 Nascimento, Avila-Pires & Cunha 1987 Nogueira, Argolo, Arzamendia, Azevedo, Barbo, Bernils, Bolochio, Borges-Martins, Brasil-Godinho, Braz, Buononato, Cisneros-Heredia & Colli 2019 Oliveira, Gonzalez, Passos, Vrcibradic & Rocha 2020 Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 Rocha & Sluys 2006 Rocha, Bergallo, Pombal, Geise, Sluys, Fernandes & Caramaschi 2004 Salles & Silva-Soares 2010 Santos Dainesi, Abegg, Bernarde, Pena Correa, Caetano Machado, Oliveira Meneses & Sena Santos 2019 Silva 1993 Souza Filho & Oliveira 2015 Spengler Waltrick & Menta Giasson 2021 Trevine, Forlani, Haddad & Zaher 2014 Yuki & Santos 1998 Zaher 1996 Zaher, Barbo, Martinez, Nogueira, Rodrigues & Sawaya 2011 Genus Coronelaps (Black-crowned Lizard Eater)   * Coronelaps lepidus Black-crowned Lizard Eater Argolo 2004 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Golay, Smith, Broadley, Dixon, McCarthy, Rage, Schatti & Toriba 1993 Hamdan & Lira-da-Silva 2012 Lema & Deiques 2010 Moura, Motta, Fernandes & Feio 2012 Nogueira, Argolo, Arzamendia, Azevedo, Barbo, Bernils, Bolochio, Borges-Martins, Brasil-Godinho, Braz, Buononato, Cisneros-Heredia & Colli 2019 Oliveira, Gonzalez, Passos, Vrcibradic & Rocha 2020 Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 Rocha, Bergallo, Pombal, Geise, Sluys, Fernandes & Caramaschi 2004 Rojas-Padilla, Menezes, Dias, Argolo, Sole & Orrico 2020 Genus Caaeteboia (East Brazilian Ground Snakes)   * Caaeteboia amarali Minas Gerais Ground Snake Abrahao-Morato 2005 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Hamdan & Lira-da-Silva 2012 Montingelli, Barbo, Pereira Filho, Santana, Franca, Grazziotin & Zaher 2020 Nogueira, Argolo, Arzamendia, Azevedo, Barbo, Bernils, Bolochio, Borges-Martins, Brasil-Godinho, Braz, Buononato, Cisneros-Heredia & Colli 2019 Oliveira, Gonzalez, Passos, Vrcibradic & Rocha 2020 Passos, Ramos & Pereira 2012 Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 Zaher, Barbo, Martinez, Nogueira, Rodrigues & Sawaya 2011   * Caaeteboia gaeli Paraiba Ground Snake Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Montingelli, Barbo, Pereira Filho, Santana, Franca, Grazziotin & Zaher 2020 Genus Dendrophidion (Forest Racers)   * Dendrophidion atlantica Atlantic Forest Racer Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Freire 1999 [as dendrophis] Freire, Caramaschi & Goncalves 2010 Freitas, Franca, Graboski, Uhlig & Verissimo 2012 Guedes, Nogueira & Marques 2014 Nacimento & Santos 2016 Nascimento Barbosa, Silva Amaral, Gusmao, Lira Lima, Melo Souza, Silva Aguiar, Maranhao dos Santos 2020 Nascimento Barbosa, Silva Amaral, Lira Lima, Candido Franca, Franca & Santos 2019 Nogueira, Argolo, Arzamendia, Azevedo, Barbo, Bernils, Bolochio, Borges-Martins, Brasil-Godinho, Braz, Buononato, Cisneros-Heredia & Colli 2019 Silva, Silva, Sena & Nascimento 2006 [as dendrophis]   Dendrophidion dendrophis Tawny Forest Racer Amaral 1949 Avila-Pires 2005 Avila-Pires, Hoogmoed & Rocha 2010 Avila-Pires, Vitt, Sartorius & Zani 2009 Bernarde & Abe 2006 Bernarde & Abe 2010 Bernarde, Albuquerque, Barros & Turci 2012 Bernarde, Albuquerque, Miranda & Turci 2013 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Costa-Campos, Ribeiro Sanches, Pedroso-Santos, Figueiredo, Tavares-Pinheiro & Almeida-Santos 2021 Dias-Lima 2008 Freire, Caramaschi & Goncalves 2010 Frota, Santos, Chaldikis & Guedes 2005 Martins & Oliveira 1999 Maschio, Santos-Costa & Prudente 2016 Nascimento, Avila-Pires & Cunha 1987 Nogueira, Argolo, Arzamendia, Azevedo, Barbo, Bernils, Bolochio, Borges-Martins, Brasil-Godinho, Braz, Buononato, Cisneros-Heredia & Colli 2019 Prudente, Maschio, Santos-Costa & Feitosa 2010 Prudente, Maschio, Yamashina & Santos-Costa 2007 Prudente, Melo Sarmento, Camara Costa, Moreira Dourado, Meireles dos Santos, Ferreira Lima, Dias Lima & Galatti 2020 Rodrigues, Maschio & Prudente 2016 Rodrigues-Franca & Mendes Venancio 2010 Santos-Costa, Maschio & Prudente 2015 Silva 1993 Silva, Menks, Prudente, Costa, Travassos & Galatti 2011 Silva, Souza & Bernarde 2010 Waldez, Menin & Vogt 2013 Genus Dibernardia (East South American Leaf-litter Snakes)   * Dibernardia affinis Atlantic Forest Leaf-litter Snake Abrahao-Morato 2005 Almeida-Gomes, Siqueira, Borges-Junior, Vrcibradic, Fusinatto & Rocha 2014 Almeida-Gomes, Siquiera, Borges-Junior, Vrcibradic, Fusinatto & Rocha 2014 Argolo 1998 Barbo 2008 Barbo, Marques & Sawaya 2011 Castro, Mangia, Medeiros Magalhaes, Roehr, Camurugi, Silveira Filho, Silva, Andrade-Oliveira, Sousa, Rodrigues Franca, Harris, Garda & Borges-Nojosa 2019 Condez, Sawaya & Dixo 2009 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Costa, Pantoja, Pontes & Feio 2010 Cruz-Forlani, Bernardo, Haddad & Zaher 2010 Di-Bernardo & Lema 1988 Franca, Germano & Franca 2012 Freire & Silva 2000 Freitas, Abegg, Ribeiro Dias & Figueiredo Moraes 2018 Guedes, Nogueira & Marques 2014 Hamdan & Lira-da-Silva 2012 Hartmann, Hartmann & Martins 2009 Hartmann, Hartmann & Martins 2011 Kunz & Ghizoni 2009 Kunz, Ghizoni, Santos & Hartmann 2007 Lema 1994 Linares & Eterovick 2013 Loebmann & Haddad 2010 Loebmann 2008 Marques, Pereira, Barbo, Germano & Sawaya 2009 Melo, Moura, Freitas, Andrade, Casal, Abegg & Kokubum 2018 Menezes, Abegg, Silva, Franco & Feio 2018 Mesquita, Alves, Pedro, Laranjeiras, Caldas, Pedrosa, Rodrigues, Drummond, Cavalcanti, Wachlevski, Nogueira-Costa, Franca & Franca 2018 Moura, Motta, Fernandes & Feio 2012 Myers 1974 Nogueira, Argolo, Arzamendia, Azevedo, Barbo, Bernils, Bolochio, Borges-Martins, Brasil-Godinho, Braz, Buononato, Cisneros-Heredia & Colli 2019 Oliveira, Gonzalez, Passos, Vrcibradic & Rocha 2020 Oliveira, Santos, Lopes-Silva, Vasconcelos Barros, Risse-Quaioto, Militao, Fatorelli, Belmoch, Marcial de Castro & Rocha 2020 Ortiz, Freitas, Rodrigues, Abegg & Franco 2017 [as "cf. affinis"] Paula, Zanella & Guaragni 2011 Pedrosa, Costa, Faria, Franca, Laranjeiras, Oliveira, Palmeira, Torquata, Mott, Vieira & Garda 2014 Pontes, Figueiredo, Pontes & Rocha 2008 Roberto & Loebmann 2016 Roberto, Oliveira, Araujo-Filho, Oliveira & Avila 2017 Rocha, Bergallo, Pombal, Geise, Sluys, Fernandes & Caramaschi 2004 Rodrigues, Gama, Filho & Franca 2015 Santana, Vieira, Pereira-Filho, Delfim, Lima & Vieira 2008 Sao-Pedro & Pires 2009 Silva Cozer, Pereira-Ribeiro, Meirelles Linause, Colombo Ferreguetti, Godoy Bergallo & Rocha 2020 Silva, Silva, Sena & Nascimento 2006 Sousa, Gomides, Hudson, Ribeiro & Novelli 2012 Souza Palmuti, Cassimiro & Bertoluci 2009 Travassos & Freitas 1949 Trevine, Forlani, Haddad & Zaher 2014 Varela Rios, Novelli, Hudson, Cozendey, Lima & Sousa 2017 Zaher, Barbo, Martinez, Nogueira, Rodrigues & Sawaya 2011 Zanella, Paula, Guaragni & Machado 2013 Zanella, Paula, Guaragni & Souza 2013   * Dibernardia bilineata Two-striped Leaf-litter Snake Abrahao-Morato 2005 Bernils & Moura-Leite 2010 Bernils, Batista & Bertelli 2001 Cicchi, Sena, Peccinini-Seale & Duarte 2007 Condez, Sawaya & Dixo 2009 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Cruz-Forlani, Bernardo, Haddad & Zaher 2010 Di-Bernardo & Lema 1991 Fiorillo, Silva, Menezes, Marques & Martins 2020 Franca, Franca, Roedder & Sole 2022 Gutsche, Kwet, Kucharzewski & Hallermann 2007 Hartmann, Hartmann & Martins 2009 Hartmann, Hartmann & Martins 2011 Hiert 2006 Kunz & Ghizoni 2009 Kunz, Ghizoni, Santos & Hartmann 2007 Marques, Pereira, Barbo, Germano & Sawaya 2009 Marquez & Sazima 2004 Myers 1974 Nogueira, Argolo, Arzamendia, Azevedo, Barbo, Bernils, Bolochio, Borges-Martins, Brasil-Godinho, Braz, Buononato, Cisneros-Heredia & Colli 2019 Oliveira, Gonzalez, Passos, Vrcibradic & Rocha 2020 Rocha, Bergallo, Pombal, Geise, Sluys, Fernandes & Caramaschi 2004 Spengler Waltrick & Menta Giasson 2021 Trevine, Forlani, Haddad & Zaher 2014 Zaher, Barbo, Martinez, Nogueira, Rodrigues & Sawaya 2011   * Dibernardia persimilis Rio de Janeiro Leaf-litter Snake Abrahao-Morato 2005 Barbo 2008 Barbo, Marques & Sawaya 2011 Bernils & Moura-Leite 2010 Bernils, Batista & Bertelli 2001 Condez, Sawaya & Dixo 2009 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Cruz-Forlani, Bernardo, Haddad & Zaher 2010 Di-Bernardo & Lema 1986 Hartmann, Hartmann & Martins 2009 Marques, Pereira, Barbo, Germano & Sawaya 2009 Myers 1974 Nogueira, Argolo, Arzamendia, Azevedo, Barbo, Bernils, Bolochio, Borges-Martins, Brasil-Godinho, Braz, Buononato, Cisneros-Heredia & Colli 2019 Oliveira, Gonzalez, Passos, Vrcibradic & Rocha 2020 Ortiz, Freitas, Rodrigues, Abegg & Franco 2017 Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 [as Rhadinaea beui] Rocha, Bergallo, Pombal, Geise, Sluys, Fernandes & Caramaschi 2004 Spengler Waltrick & Menta Giasson 2021 Zaher, Barbo, Martinez, Nogueira, Rodrigues & Sawaya 2011   Dibernardia poecilopogon Uruguayan Leaf-litter Snake Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Lema 1994 Myers 1974 Nogueira, Argolo, Arzamendia, Azevedo, Barbo, Bernils, Bolochio, Borges-Martins, Brasil-Godinho, Braz, Buononato, Cisneros-Heredia & Colli 2019 Outeiral, Balestrin, Cappellari, Lema & Ferreira 2018 Genus Dipsas (Neotropical Snail Eaters)   * Dipsas albifrons White-fronted Snail Eater Abrahao-Morato 2005 Argolo 2004 Bernils, Batista & Bertelli 2001 Cicchi, Sena, Peccinini-Seale & Duarte 2007 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Cruz-Centeno, Sawaya & Marques 2008 Cunha de Oliveira & Soares de Oliveira 2014 Duarte Rocha, Silva Telles, Vrcibradic & Nogueira-Costa 2018 Franca, Franca, Roedder & Sole 2022 Gutsche, Kwet, Kucharzewski & Hallermann 2007 Hamdan & Lira-da-Silva 2012 Harvey & Embert 2008 Harvey 2008 Kunz & Ghizoni 2009 Kunz, Ghizoni, Santos & Hartmann 2007 Nogueira, Argolo, Arzamendia, Azevedo, Barbo, Bernils, Bolochio, Borges-Martins, Brasil-Godinho, Braz, Buononato, Cisneros-Heredia & Colli 2019 Oliveira, Gonzalez, Passos, Vrcibradic & Rocha 2020 Passos, Fernandes & Porto 2005 Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 Peters 1960 Peters 1965 Ribeiro Dias, Souza Costa, Sole & Argolo 2018 Rocha, Bergallo, Pombal, Geise, Sluys, Fernandes & Caramaschi 2004 Ruschi 1966 Silva-Soares, Ferreira, Salles & Rocha 2011 Silveira, Ribeiro, Dornas & Fernandes 2018 Spengler Waltrick & Menta Giasson 2021 Zaher, Barbo, Martinez, Nogueira, Rodrigues & Sawaya 2011   * Dipsas alternans Santos Snail Eater Abrahao-Morato 2005 Araujo, Condez, Bovo, Centeno & Luiz 2010 Cicchi, Sena, Peccinini-Seale & Duarte 2007 Condez, Sawaya & Dixo 2009 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Cruz-Centeno, Sawaya & Marques 2008 Cruz-Forlani, Bernardo, Haddad & Zaher 2010 Duarte Rocha, Silva Telles, Vrcibradic & Nogueira-Costa 2018 Fernandes, Marques & Argolo 2010 Gutsche, Kwet, Kucharzewski & Hallermann 2007 Hartmann, Hartmann & Martins 2009 Harvey 2008 Nogueira, Argolo, Arzamendia, Azevedo, Barbo, Bernils, Bolochio, Borges-Martins, Brasil-Godinho, Braz, Buononato, Cisneros-Heredia & Colli 2019 Oliveira, Gonzalez, Passos, Vrcibradic & Rocha 2020 Peters 1960 [as D. incerta] Rocha, Bergallo, Pombal, Geise, Sluys, Fernandes & Caramaschi 2004 [as D. incerta] Souza Filho & Oliveira 2015 Tonini, Carao, Pinto, Gasparini, Leite & Costa 2010 [as D. incerta] Trevine, Forlani, Haddad & Zaher 2014 Zaher, Barbo, Martinez, Nogueira, Rodrigues & Sawaya 2011   * Dipsas bothropoides Serra do Cariri Snail Eater Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Mebert, Passos, Fernandes, Entiauspe-Neto, Alvez, Machado & Lopes 2020   Dipsas bucephala Bull Snail Eater Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Ferreira, Terra, Piatti, Delatorre, Strussmann, Beda, Kawashita-Ribeiro, Landgref-Filho, Aoki, Campos, Souza, Avila, Duleba, Martins, Rita & Albuquerque 2017 Nogueira, Argolo, Arzamendia, Azevedo, Barbo, Bernils, Bolochio, Borges-Martins, Brasil-Godinho, Braz, Buononato, Cisneros-Heredia & Colli 2019 Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 Peters 1960 Peters 1965 Santos Dainesi, Abegg, Bernarde, Pena Correa, Caetano Machado, Oliveira Meneses & Sena Santos 2019 Silva, Oliveira, Morais, Kawashita-Ribeiro, Brito & Avila 2015 Torello-Viera, Araujo & Braz 2012   Dipsas catesbyi Ornate Snail Eater Amaral 1949 Argolo 2004 Avila-Pires 2005 Avila-Pires, Hoogmoed & Rocha 2010 Avila-Pires, Vitt, Sartorius & Zani 2009 Bernarde & Abe 2006 Bernarde & Abe 2010 Bernarde, Albuquerque, Barros & Turci 2012 Bernarde, Albuquerque, Miranda & Turci 2013 Bernarde, Machado & Turci 2011 Bernardo, Guerra-Fuentes, Matiazzi & Zaher 2012 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Costa-Campos, Ribeiro Sanches, Pedroso-Santos, Figueiredo, Tavares-Pinheiro & Almeida-Santos 2021 Cunha, Nascimento & Avila-Pires 1985 Debien, Waldez & Menin 2019 Dias-Lima 2008 Ferrao, Filho & Silva 2012 Freitas, Mendes Venancio, Abegg, Santos Azevedo, Oliveira Pereira, Pinheiro Zanotti, Veloso, Schwarzbach, Oliveira e Sousa, Cruz-da-Silva, Goncalves de Amorim & Barbosa de Moura 2020 Freitas, Vieira, Entiauspe-Neto, Oliveira-e-Sousa, Farias, Sousa & Moura 2017 Frota, Santos, Chaldikis & Guedes 2005 Gutsche, Kwet, Kucharzewski & Hallermann 2007 Hamdan & Lira-da-Silva 2012 Lima & Prudente 2009 Maschio, Santos-Costa & Prudente 2016 Mendes-Pinto & Souza 2011 Miranda, Venancio & Albuquerque 2014 Moraes, Almeida, Fraga, Rojas, Pirani, Silva, Carvalho, Gordo & Werneck 2017 Nascimento, Avila Pires & Cunha 1988 Nogueira, Argolo, Arzamendia, Azevedo, Barbo, Bernils, Bolochio, Borges-Martins, Brasil-Godinho, Braz, Buononato, Cisneros-Heredia & Colli 2019 O'Shea 1990 Pantoja & Fraga 2012 Pedroso Santos, Ribeiro Sanches & Costa-Campos 2019 Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 Peters 1960 Prudente, Maschio, Santos-Costa & Feitosa 2010 Prudente, Melo Sarmento, Camara Costa, Moreira Dourado, Meireles dos Santos, Ferreira Lima, Dias Lima & Galatti 2020 Ribeiro Dias, Souza Costa, Sole & Argolo 2018 Rodrigues-Franca & Mendes Venancio 2010 Rojas-Padilla, Menezes, Dias, Argolo, Sole & Orrico 2020 Sanchez-Martinez, Franca & Trevine 2022 Santos Azevedo, Oliveira & Costa 2021 Santos-Costa, Maschio & Prudente 2015 Silva 1993 Silva, Menks, Prudente, Costa, Travassos & Galatti 2011 Silva, Souza & Bernarde 2010 Turci & Bernarde 2008 Turci & Bernarde 2009 Waldez, Menin & Vogt 2013   Dipsas copei Guianan Snail Eater Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Fernandes, Marques & Argolo 2010 [as D. incerta] Passos, Fernandes & Caramaschi 2004 [as D. incerta]   Dipsas indica Big-headed Snail Eater Argolo & Queiroz-Alves 2002 Argolo 2004 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Cunha, Nascimento & Avila-Pires 1985 Frota, Santos, Chaldikis & Guedes 2005 Hamdan & Lira-da-Silva 2012 Moraes, Almeida, Fraga, Rojas, Pirani, Silva, Carvalho, Gordo & Werneck 2017 Nogueira, Argolo, Arzamendia, Azevedo, Barbo, Bernils, Bolochio, Borges-Martins, Brasil-Godinho, Braz, Buononato, Cisneros-Heredia & Colli 2019 Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 Peters 1960 Peters 1965 Prudente, Melo Sarmento, Camara Costa, Moreira Dourado, Meireles dos Santos, Ferreira Lima, Dias Lima & Galatti 2020 Ribeiro Dias, Souza Costa, Sole & Argolo 2018 Rodrigues, Maschio & Prudente 2016 Rojas-Padilla, Menezes, Dias, Argolo, Sole & Orrico 2020 Silva 1993   Dipsas lavillai Argentine Snail Eater Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Ferreira & Avila 2009 Ferreira, Terra, Piatti, Delatorre, Strussmann, Beda, Kawashita-Ribeiro, Landgref-Filho, Aoki, Campos, Souza, Avila, Duleba, Martins, Rita & Albuquerque 2017 Nogueira, Argolo, Arzamendia, Azevedo, Barbo, Bernils, Bolochio, Borges-Martins, Brasil-Godinho, Braz, Buononato, Cisneros-Heredia & Colli 2019   Dipsas mikanii Brazilian White-collared Snail Eater Araujo & Almeida-Santos 2011 Araujo, Condez, Bovo, Centeno & Luiz 2010 Barbo 2008 Barbo, Marques & Sawaya 2011 Boettger 1905 Carvalho, Silva, Ferreira, Souza & Santana 2018 Castro, Chaves, Bernils & Silva-Soares 2020 Cintra, Silva & Silva 2009 Condez, Sawaya & Dixo 2009 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Costa, Pantoja, Pontes & Feio 2010 Cruz-Forlani, Bernardo, Haddad & Zaher 2010 Cunha, Nascimento & Hoge 1980 Ferreira, Terra, Piatti, Delatorre, Strussmann, Beda, Kawashita-Ribeiro, Landgref-Filho, Aoki, Campos, Souza, Avila, Duleba, Martins, Rita & Albuquerque 2017 Fiorillo, Maciel & Martins 2021 Franca & Araujo 2006 Franca & Silva Braz 2013 Franca 2003 Franca, Germano & Franca 2012 Freitas, Almeida, Almeida, Danin & Moura 2014 Freitas, Colli, Entiauspe-Neto, Trinchao, Araujo, Oliveira Lima, Franca, Gaiga & Dias 2016 Freitas, Vieira, Entiauspe-Neto, Oliveira-e-Sousa, Farias, Sousa & Moura 2017 Giraudo & Scrocchi 2002 Guedes, Nogueira & Marques 2014 Hamdan & Lira-da-Silva 2012 Harvey 2008 Linares & Eterovick 2013 Lopes Santos, Pereira de Andrade, Victor-Junior & Vaz-Silva 2014 Marques, Pereira, Barbo, Germano & Sawaya 2009 Menezes, Abegg, Silva, Franco & Feio 2018 Mesquita, Alves, Pedro, Laranjeiras, Caldas, Pedrosa, Rodrigues, Drummond, Cavalcanti, Wachlevski, Nogueira-Costa, Franca & Franca 2018 Moura, Motta, Fernandes & Feio 2012 Nogueira, Argolo, Arzamendia, Azevedo, Barbo, Bernils, Bolochio, Borges-Martins, Brasil-Godinho, Braz, Buononato, Cisneros-Heredia & Colli 2019 Oliveira Neves, Yves, Almeida Pereira, Alves, Bonfim Vasques, Teixeira Coelho & Santos Silva 2019 Oliveira-Araujo, Correa-Filho & Sawaya 2010 Pereira Ramalho, Fagundes Franca, Guerra, Marciano, Vale & Rodrigues Silva 2018 Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 Peters 1960 Peters 1965 Pinheiro, Abe, Bitar, Albarelli & Santos-Costa 2015 Rodrigues, Gama, Filho & Franca 2015 Sampaio, Santos, Franca, Pedrosa, Sole & Franca 2018 Santos Dainesi, Abegg, Bernarde, Pena Correa, Caetano Machado, Oliveira Meneses & Sena Santos 2019 Sao-Pedro & Pires 2009 Sawaya, Marques & Martins 2008 Sazima & Manzani 1995 Scrocchi, Porto & Rey 1993 Shibatta, Galves, Carmo, Lima, Lopes & Machado 2009 Silva Lucas, Novelli & Sousa 2016 Silva, Cintra, Silva, Costa, Amaral-Souza, Pacheco & Goncalves 2009 Silva, Oliveira, Morais, Kawashita-Ribeiro, Brito & Avila 2015 Sousa, Gomides, Hudson, Ribeiro & Novelli 2012 Sousa, Nascimento, Gomides, Rios, Hudson & Novelli 2010 Souza Filho & Oliveira 2015 Trevine, Forlani, Haddad & Zaher 2014 Uetanabaro, Souza, Filho, Beda & Brandao 2007 Varela Rios, Novelli, Hudson, Cozendey, Lima & Sousa 2017 Vaz-Silva, Guimaraes-Guedes, Azevedo-Silva, Gontijo, Barbosa, Aloisio & Oliveira 2007 Vechio, Recoder, Rodrigues & Zaher 2013 Zaher, Barbo, Martinez, Nogueira, Rodrigues & Sawaya 2011   * Dipsas neuwiedi Brazilian Banded Snail Eater Abrahao-Morato 2005 Almeida-Gomes, Siqueira, Borges-Junior, Vrcibradic, Fusinatto & Rocha 2014 Almeida-Gomes, Siquiera, Borges-Junior, Vrcibradic, Fusinatto & Rocha 2014 Andrade, Oliveira Lima, Oliveira Silva, Fonseca Fernandes & Reis Dias 2019 Araujo, Condez, Bovo, Centeno & Luiz 2010 Argolo 2004 Barbo 2008 Barbo, Marques & Sawaya 2011 Bernils, Batista & Bertelli 2001 Castro & Teixeira 2007 Cavalheri, Siqueira, Brasil-Godinho, Fadel, Trevine, Sartori & Santana 2021 Cicchi, Sena, Peccinini-Seale & Duarte 2007 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Costa, Pantoja, Pontes & Feio 2010 Cruz-Centeno, Sawaya & Marques 2008 Cruz-Forlani, Bernardo, Haddad & Zaher 2010 Cunha de Oliveira & Soares de Oliveira 2014 Duarte Rocha, Silva Telles, Vrcibradic & Nogueira-Costa 2018 Fiorillo, Silva, Menezes, Marques & Martins 2020 Franca, Franca, Roedder & Sole 2022 Franca, Germano & Franca 2012 [as "cf. neuwiedi"] Freitas 2014 Freitas, Abegg, Ribeiro Dias & Figueiredo Moraes 2018 Freitas, Santos Silva, Mendes Fonseca, Hamdan, Filadelfo & Abegg 2019 Freitas, Verissimo & Uhlig 2012 Guedes, Nogueira & Marques 2014 Gutsche, Kwet, Kucharzewski & Hallermann 2007 Hamdan & Lira-da-Silva 2012 Hartmann, Hartmann & Martins 2009 Hartmann, Hartmann & Martins 2011 Harvey 2008 Hoogmoed 1997 Kunz & Ghizoni 2009 Kunz, Ghizoni, Santos & Hartmann 2007 Lema 1994 Marques, Mebert, Fonseca, Roedder, Sole & Tinoco 2016 Marques, Pereira, Barbo, Germano & Sawaya 2009 Marques, Roedder, Sole & Tinoco 2017 Marquez & Sazima 2004 Mesquita, Alves, Pedro, Laranjeiras, Caldas, Pedrosa, Rodrigues, Drummond, Cavalcanti, Wachlevski, Nogueira-Costa, Franca & Franca 2018 Moura, Motta, Fernandes & Feio 2012 Nogueira, Argolo, Arzamendia, Azevedo, Barbo, Bernils, Bolochio, Borges-Martins, Brasil-Godinho, Braz, Buononato, Cisneros-Heredia & Colli 2019 Oliveira da Silva, Oliveira, Woitovicz-Cardoso & Graf 2007 Oliveira Lima, Andrade, Lima da Silva & Reis Dias 2022 Oliveira, Gonzalez, Passos, Vrcibradic & Rocha 2020 Oliveira, Santos, Lopes-Silva, Vasconcelos Barros, Risse-Quaioto, Militao, Fatorelli, Belmoch, Marcial de Castro & Rocha 2020 Ortiz, Freitas, Rodrigues, Abegg & Franco 2017 Outeiral, Balestrin, Cappellari, Lema & Ferreira 2018 [as "aff. neuwiedi"] Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 Peters 1960 Peters 1965 Protazio, Protazio, Silva, Conceicao, Braga, Santos, Ribeiro, Almeida, Gama, Vieira & Silva 2021 Rocha & Sluys 2006 Rocha, Bergallo, Pombal, Geise, Sluys, Fernandes & Caramaschi 2004 Rojas-Padilla, Menezes, Dias, Argolo, Sole & Orrico 2020 Salles & Silva-Soares 2010 Salles, Weber & Silva-Soares 2010 Scrocchi, Porto & Rey 1993 Silva Cozer, Pereira-Ribeiro, Meirelles Linause, Colombo Ferreguetti, Godoy Bergallo & Rocha 2020 Silva, Silva, Sena & Nascimento 2006 Sousa, Gomides, Hudson, Ribeiro & Novelli 2012 Sousa, Nascimento, Gomides, Rios, Hudson & Novelli 2010 Souza Filho & Verrastro 2012 [as "cf. neuwiedi"] Souza Palmuti, Cassimiro & Bertoluci 2009 Souza-Costa, Mira-Mendes, Ribeiro Dias, Brito Silva, Argolo & Sole 2020 Spengler Waltrick & Menta Giasson 2021 Trevine, Forlani, Haddad & Zaher 2014 Varela Rios, Novelli, Hudson, Cozendey, Lima & Sousa 2017 Zaher, Barbo, Martinez, Nogueira, Rodrigues & Sawaya 2011   Dipsas pavonina Northern Snail Eater Amaral 1949 Avila-Pires 2005 Avila-Pires, Hoogmoed & Rocha 2010 Avila-Pires, Vitt, Sartorius & Zani 2009 Bernarde & Abe 2006 Bernarde, Albuquerque, Barros & Turci 2012 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Cunha, Nascimento & Avila-Pires 1985 Frota, Santos, Chaldikis & Guedes 2005 Lima & Prudente 2009 Martins & Oliveira 1999 Moraes, Almeida, Fraga, Rojas, Pirani, Silva, Carvalho, Gordo & Werneck 2017 Nogueira, Argolo, Arzamendia, Azevedo, Barbo, Bernils, Bolochio, Borges-Martins, Brasil-Godinho, Braz, Buononato, Cisneros-Heredia & Colli 2019 Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 Peters 1960 Peters 1965 Rodrigues-Franca & Mendes Venancio 2010 Silva, Menks, Prudente, Costa, Travassos & Galatti 2011   * Dipsas petersi Sao Paulo Snail Eater Abrahao-Morato 2005 Alves & Argolo 1998 Argolo 2004 Cicchi, Sena, Peccinini-Seale & Duarte 2007 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Cruz-Centeno, Sawaya & Marques 2008 Cruz-Forlani, Bernardo, Haddad & Zaher 2010 Duarte Rocha, Silva Telles, Vrcibradic & Nogueira-Costa 2018 [as D. indica] Hamdan & Lira-da-Silva 2012 Harvey 2008 Hoge & Romano 1976 Marquez & Sazima 2004 Montechiaro, Oliveira, Pontes & Di-Bernardo 2006 Oliveira da Silva, Oliveira, Woitovicz-Cardoso & Graf 2007 Oliveira, Gonzalez, Passos, Vrcibradic & Rocha 2020 Ribeiro Dias, Souza Costa, Sole & Argolo 2018   * Dipsas sazimai Atlantic Forest Snail Eater Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Fernandes, Marques & Argolo 2010 Freitas 2014 Freitas, Abegg, Ribeiro Dias & Figueiredo Moraes 2018 Freitas, Franca, Graboski, Uhlig & Verissimo 2012 Freitas, Santos Silva, Mendes Fonseca, Hamdan, Filadelfo & Abegg 2019 Guedes, Nogueira & Marques 2014 Hamdan & Lira-da-Silva 2012 Nogueira, Argolo, Arzamendia, Azevedo, Barbo, Bernils, Bolochio, Borges-Martins, Brasil-Godinho, Braz, Buononato, Cisneros-Heredia & Colli 2019 Oliveira, Gonzalez, Passos, Vrcibradic & Rocha 2020 Ribeiro Dias, Souza Costa, Sole & Argolo 2018 Roberto, Oliveira, Araujo-Filho, Oliveira & Avila 2017 Roberto, Oliveira, Filho & Àvila 2014 Silva Cozer, Pereira-Ribeiro, Meirelles Linause, Colombo Ferreguetti, Godoy Bergallo & Rocha 2020 Souza-Costa, Mira-Mendes, Ribeiro Dias, Brito Silva, Argolo & Sole 2020   Dipsas turgida Bolivian Snail Eater Carvalho & Nogueira 1998 Carvalho, Silva, Ferreira, Souza & Santana 2018 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Duleba & Ferreira 2014 Ferreira, Terra, Piatti, Delatorre, Strussmann, Beda, Kawashita-Ribeiro, Landgref-Filho, Aoki, Campos, Souza, Avila, Duleba, Martins, Rita & Albuquerque 2017 Franca, Franca, Roedder & Sole 2022 Lema 1994 Nogueira, Argolo, Arzamendia, Azevedo, Barbo, Bernils, Bolochio, Borges-Martins, Brasil-Godinho, Braz, Buononato, Cisneros-Heredia & Colli 2019 Peters 1960   Dipsas variegata Many-banded Snail Eater Abrahao-Morato 2005 [as D. neivai] Amaral 1949 Argolo 2004 [as D. neivai] Avila-Pires, Vitt, Sartorius & Zani 2009 Bernarde, Albuquerque, Barros & Turci 2012 Cicchi, Sena, Peccinini-Seale & Duarte 2007 [as D. neivai] Cordeiro & Hoge 1973 [as D. neivai] Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Costa-Campos, Ribeiro Sanches, Pedroso-Santos, Figueiredo, Tavares-Pinheiro & Almeida-Santos 2021 Cruz-Centeno, Sawaya & Marques 2008 [as D. neivai] Dias-Lima 2008 Fernandes, Marques & Argolo 2010 Ferrao, Filho & Silva 2012 Freitas 2014 Freitas, Abegg, Ribeiro Dias & Figueiredo Moraes 2018 Freitas, Franca, Graboski, Uhlig & Verissimo 2012 [as D. neivai] Freitas, Santos Silva, Mendes Fonseca, Hamdan, Filadelfo & Abegg 2019 Freitas, Vieira, Entiauspe-Neto, Oliveira-e-Sousa, Farias, Sousa & Moura 2017 Goncalves Dias, Silva dos Santos, Silva, Martins-Lima, Gadelha Rocha, Lima dos Santos & Santos 2019 Guedes, Nogueira & Marques 2014 Hamdan & Lira-da-Silva 2012 Harvey 2008 Nogueira, Argolo, Arzamendia, Azevedo, Barbo, Bernils, Bolochio, Borges-Martins, Brasil-Godinho, Braz, Buononato, Cisneros-Heredia & Colli 2019 Oliveira, Gonzalez, Passos, Vrcibradic & Rocha 2020 Oliveira, Santos, Lopes-Silva, Vasconcelos Barros, Risse-Quaioto, Militao, Fatorelli, Belmoch, Marcial de Castro & Rocha 2020 Passos, Fernandes & Caramaschi 2004 Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 [as D. neivai] Peters 1960 [as D. neivai] Peters 1965 [as D. neivai] Porto & Fernandes 1996 [as D. neivai] Prudente, Melo Sarmento, Camara Costa, Moreira Dourado, Meireles dos Santos, Ferreira Lima, Dias Lima & Galatti 2020 Regio & Pontes 2020 Ribeiro Dias, Souza Costa, Sole & Argolo 2018 Rojas-Padilla, Menezes, Dias, Argolo, Sole & Orrico 2020 Silva, Silva, Sena & Nascimento 2006 [as D. neivai] Zaher, Barbo, Martinez, Nogueira, Rodrigues & Sawaya 2011 [as D. neivai]   Dipsas ventrimaculata Spot-bellied Snail Eater Bernils, Batista & Bertelli 2001 Carvalho, Silva, Ferreira, Souza & Santana 2018 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Ferreira, Terra, Piatti, Delatorre, Strussmann, Beda, Kawashita-Ribeiro, Landgref-Filho, Aoki, Campos, Souza, Avila, Duleba, Martins, Rita & Albuquerque 2017 Franca, Franca, Roedder & Sole 2022 Giraudo & Scrocchi 2002 Harvey 2008 Kunz, Ghizoni, Santos & Hartmann 2007 Lema 1994 Nogueira, Argolo, Arzamendia, Azevedo, Barbo, Bernils, Bolochio, Borges-Martins, Brasil-Godinho, Braz, Buononato, Cisneros-Heredia & Colli 2019 Outeiral, Balestrin, Cappellari, Lema & Ferreira 2018 Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 Peters 1960 Peters 1965 Quintela, Medvedovsky, Ibarra, Neves & Figueiredo 2011 Sao-Pedro & Pires 2009 Scrocchi, Porto & Rey 1993 Spengler Waltrick & Menta Giasson 2021 Winck, Santos & Cechin 2007 Zaher, Barbo, Martinez, Nogueira, Rodrigues & Sawaya 2011 Genus Ditaxodon (Striped Cerrado Snake)   * Ditaxodon taeniatus Striped Cerrado Snake Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Ferreira, Terra, Piatti, Delatorre, Strussmann, Beda, Kawashita-Ribeiro, Landgref-Filho, Aoki, Campos, Souza, Avila, Duleba, Martins, Rita & Albuquerque 2017 Hensel 1868 Lema 1994 Moura-Leite, Morato & Bernils 1996 Nogueira, Argolo, Arzamendia, Azevedo, Barbo, Bernils, Bolochio, Borges-Martins, Brasil-Godinho, Braz, Buononato, Cisneros-Heredia & Colli 2019 Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 Thomas, Bernils, Moura-Leite & Morato 2006 Zaher, Barbo, Martinez, Nogueira, Rodrigues & Sawaya 2011 Genus Drepanoides (Amazon Egg Eater)   Drepanoides anomalus Amazon Egg Eater Avila & Kawashita-Ribeiro 2011 Avila-Pires 2005 Avila-Pires, Vitt, Sartorius & Zani 2009 Bernarde & Abe 2006 Bernarde & Abe 2010 Bernarde, Albuquerque, Barros & Turci 2012 Bernarde, Albuquerque, Miranda & Turci 2013 Bernarde, Machado & Turci 2011 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Fonseca, Silva, Abegg, Rosa & Bernarde 2019 Franca, Freitas, Ramalho & Bernarde 2017 Freitas, Mendes Venancio, Abegg, Santos Azevedo, Oliveira Pereira, Pinheiro Zanotti, Veloso, Schwarzbach, Oliveira e Sousa, Cruz-da-Silva, Goncalves de Amorim & Barbosa de Moura 2020 Guedes, Queiroz, Sousa & Hamdan 2020 Martins & Oliveira 1999 Maschio, Santos-Costa & Prudente 2016 Mendes-Pinto & Souza 2011 Nogueira, Argolo, Arzamendia, Azevedo, Barbo, Bernils, Bolochio, Borges-Martins, Brasil-Godinho, Braz, Buononato, Cisneros-Heredia & Colli 2019 Prudente, Maschio, Santos-Costa & Feitosa 2010 Prudente, Melo Sarmento, Camara Costa, Moreira Dourado, Meireles dos Santos, Ferreira Lima, Dias Lima & Galatti 2020 Rodrigues, Maschio & Prudente 2016 Santos Azevedo, Oliveira & Costa 2021 Santos-Costa, Maschio & Prudente 2015 Silva 1993 Silva, Souza & Bernarde 2010 Turci & Bernarde 2008 Vanzolini 1986 Waldez, Menin & Vogt 2013 Yuki & Santos 1998 Yuki, Galatti & Rocha 1999 Genus Drymarchon (Indigo Snakes and Cribos)   Drymarchon corais Yellow-tailed Cribo Amaral 1949 Araujo, Ribeiro, Andrade, Pereira, Guzzi & Avila 2020 Argolo 2004 Avila-Pires 2005 Avila-Pires, Vitt, Sartorius & Zani 2009 Bernarde & Abe 2006 Bernarde & Abe 2010 Bernarde, Albuquerque, Barros & Turci 2012 Bernarde, Albuquerque, Miranda & Turci 2013 Bernarde, Machado & Turci 2011 Bernardo, Guerra-Fuentes, Matiazzi & Zaher 2012 Borges-Leite, Rodrigues & Borges-Nojosa 2014 Castro, Mangia, Medeiros Magalhaes, Roehr, Camurugi, Silveira Filho, Silva, Andrade-Oliveira, Sousa, Rodrigues Franca, Harris, Garda & Borges-Nojosa 2019 Cintra, Silva & Silva 2009 Cordeiro & Hoge 1973 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Cunha & Nascimento 1980 Cunha, Nascimento & Avila-Pires 1985 Dias-Lima 2008 Ferrao, Filho & Silva 2012 Ferreira, Terra, Piatti, Delatorre, Strussmann, Beda, Kawashita-Ribeiro, Landgref-Filho, Aoki, Campos, Souza, Avila, Duleba, Martins, Rita & Albuquerque 2017 Franca & Araujo 2006 Franca & Silva Braz 2013 Franca, Freitas, Ramalho & Bernarde 2017 Franca, Germano & Franca 2012 Freitas 2014 Freitas, Abegg, Ribeiro Dias & Figueiredo Moraes 2018 Freitas, Verissimo & Uhlig 2012 Freitas, Vieira, Entiauspe-Neto, Oliveira-e-Sousa, Farias, Sousa & Moura 2017 Frota, Santos, Chaldikis & Guedes 2005 Guedes, Nogueira & Marques 2014 Hamdan & Lira-da-Silva 2012 Hoge, Romano & Cordeiro 1978 Hoge, Russo, Santos & Furtado 1981 Lima-Verde & Cascon 1990 Loebmann & Haddad 2010 Marques, Mebert, Fonseca, Roedder, Sole & Tinoco 2016 Marques, Roedder, Sole & Tinoco 2017 Mesquita, Alves, Pedro, Laranjeiras, Caldas, Pedrosa, Rodrigues, Drummond, Cavalcanti, Wachlevski, Nogueira-Costa, Franca & Franca 2018 Miranda, Costa & Rocha 2012 Miranda, Venancio & Albuquerque 2014 Moreira, Fenolio, Silva & Silva 2009 Muller 1976 Nascimento, Avila Pires & Cunha 1988 Nascimento, Avila-Pires, Santos & Lima 1991 Nogueira, Argolo, Arzamendia, Azevedo, Barbo, Bernils, Bolochio, Borges-Martins, Brasil-Godinho, Braz, Buononato, Cisneros-Heredia & Colli 2019 Oliveira Lima, Andrade, Lima da Silva & Reis Dias 2022 Oliveira Neves, Yves, Almeida Pereira, Alves, Bonfim Vasques, Teixeira Coelho & Santos Silva 2019 O'Shea 1990 Pereira-Filho & Montingelli 2011 Prudente, Melo Sarmento, Camara Costa, Moreira Dourado, Meireles dos Santos, Ferreira Lima, Dias Lima & Galatti 2020 Prudente, Menks, Silva & Maschio 2014 Recoder, Junior, Camacho, Nunes, Mott, Valdujo, Ghellere, Nogueira & Rodrigues 2011 Roberto & Loebmann 2016 Rocha & Prudente 2010 Rodrigues, Gama, Filho & Franca 2015 Rodrigues, Maschio & Prudente 2016 Sales, Lisboa & Freire 2009 Santos Azevedo, Oliveira & Costa 2021 Santos, Avila & Kawashita-Ribeiro 2011 Silva 1993 Silva, Rocha & Nogueira-Paranhos 2016 Silva, Souza & Bernarde 2010 Strussmann & Sazima 1993 Tavares, Melo, Campos, Oda & Strussmann 2012 Turci & Bernarde 2008 Turci & Bernarde 2009 Vaz-Silva, Guimaraes-Guedes, Azevedo-Silva, Gontijo, Barbosa, Aloisio & Oliveira 2007 Vechio, Teixeira Junior, Recoder, Rodrigues & Zaher 2016 Wuster, Yrausquin & Mijares-Urrutia 2001 Yuki & Santos 1998 Zaher, Barbo, Martinez, Nogueira, Rodrigues & Sawaya 2011 Genus Drymobius (Central American Racers)   Drymobius rhombifer Diamondback Racer Avila-Pires 2005 Bernarde & Abe 2006 Bernarde, Albuquerque, Barros & Turci 2012 Bernarde, Machado & Turci 2011 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Freitas, Mendes Venancio, Abegg, Santos Azevedo, Oliveira Pereira, Pinheiro Zanotti, Veloso, Schwarzbach, Oliveira e Sousa, Cruz-da-Silva, Goncalves de Amorim & Barbosa de Moura 2020 Mendes-Pinto & Souza 2011 Moraes, Almeida, Fraga, Rojas, Pirani, Silva, Carvalho, Gordo & Werneck 2017 Nogueira, Argolo, Arzamendia, Azevedo, Barbo, Bernils, Bolochio, Borges-Martins, Brasil-Godinho, Braz, Buononato, Cisneros-Heredia & Colli 2019 O'Shea & Stimson 1993 [as "cf. rhombifer"] O'Shea 1990 [as "cf. rhombifer"] Passos 2001 Genus Drymoluber (Glossy Racers)   Drymoluber brazili Southern Glossy Racer Amaral 1923 Argolo 2004 Cacciali, Fernandez & Ramirez 2007 Caldeira-Costa, Ribeiro-Moura & Neves-Feio 2013 Campos Nogueira 2001 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Costa, Resende, Gonzalez, Cotta & Feio 2014 Ferreira, Terra, Piatti, Delatorre, Strussmann, Beda, Kawashita-Ribeiro, Landgref-Filho, Aoki, Campos, Souza, Avila, Duleba, Martins, Rita & Albuquerque 2017 Franca & Araujo 2006 Franca & Silva Braz 2013 Freitas, Franca & Verissimo 2012 Gomes 1918 Guedes, Nogueira & Marques 2014 Hamdan & Lira-da-Silva 2012 Moreira, Fenolio, Silva & Silva 2009 Nogueira, Argolo, Arzamendia, Azevedo, Barbo, Bernils, Bolochio, Borges-Martins, Brasil-Godinho, Braz, Buononato, Cisneros-Heredia & Colli 2019 Pereira-Filho & Montingelli 2011 Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 Ribeiro, Roberto, Sales, Avila & Almeida 2012 Roberto & Loebmann 2016 Vechio, Teixeira Junior, Recoder, Rodrigues & Zaher 2016 Zaher, Barbo, Martinez, Nogueira, Rodrigues & Sawaya 2011   Drymoluber dichrous Northern Glossy Racer Amaral 1949 Argolo 2004 Avila-Pires 2005 Avila-Pires, Hoogmoed & Rocha 2010 Avila-Pires, Vitt, Sartorius & Zani 2009 Bernarde & Abe 2006 Bernarde & Abe 2010 Bernarde, Albuquerque, Barros & Turci 2012 Bernarde, Machado & Turci 2011 Borges-Nojosa & Lima 2001 Caldeira-Costa, Ribeiro-Moura & Neves-Feio 2013 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Costa, Resende, Gonzalez, Cotta & Feio 2014 Cunha, Nascimento & Avila-Pires 1985 Fonseca, Silva, Abegg, Rosa & Bernarde 2019 Franca, Freitas, Ramalho & Bernarde 2017 Franca, Germano & Franca 2012 Freire 2000 Freitas 2014 Freitas, Mendes Venancio, Abegg, Santos Azevedo, Oliveira Pereira, Pinheiro Zanotti, Veloso, Schwarzbach, Oliveira e Sousa, Cruz-da-Silva, Goncalves de Amorim & Barbosa de Moura 2020 Freitas, Vieira, Entiauspe-Neto, Oliveira-e-Sousa, Farias, Sousa & Moura 2017 Frota, Santos, Chaldikis & Guedes 2005 Guedes, Nogueira & Marques 2014 Hamdan & Lira-da-Silva 2012 Loebmann & Haddad 2010 Marques, Mebert, Fonseca, Roedder, Sole & Tinoco 2016 Marques, Roedder, Sole & Tinoco 2017 Martins & Oliveira 1999 Maschio, Santos-Costa & Prudente 2016 Mesquita, Alves, Pedro, Laranjeiras, Caldas, Pedrosa, Rodrigues, Drummond, Cavalcanti, Wachlevski, Nogueira-Costa, Franca & Franca 2018 Nascimento, Avila Pires & Cunha 1988 Nogueira, Argolo, Arzamendia, Azevedo, Barbo, Bernils, Bolochio, Borges-Martins, Brasil-Godinho, Braz, Buononato, Cisneros-Heredia & Colli 2019 Oliveira, Gonzalez, Passos, Vrcibradic & Rocha 2020 O'Shea 1990 Pantoja & Fraga 2012 Passos & Brandao 2002 Pereira-Ribeiro, Ferreguetti, Bergallo & Rocha 2022 Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 Prudente, Melo Sarmento, Camara Costa, Moreira Dourado, Meireles dos Santos, Ferreira Lima, Dias Lima & Galatti 2020 Ribeiro, Roberto, Sales, Avila & Almeida 2012 Roberto & Loebmann 2016 Rocha, Bergallo, Pombal, Geise, Sluys, Fernandes & Caramaschi 2004 Rodrigues, Gama, Filho & Franca 2015 Rojas-Padilla, Menezes, Dias, Argolo, Sole & Orrico 2020 Santana, Vieira, Pereira-Filho, Delfim, Lima & Vieira 2008 Santos-Costa, Maschio & Prudente 2015 Silva 1993 Silva, Menks, Prudente, Costa, Travassos & Galatti 2011 Silva, Silva, Sena & Nascimento 2006 Silva, Souza & Bernarde 2010 Silva-Soares, Ferreira, Salles & Rocha 2011 Souza Palmuti, Cassimiro & Bertoluci 2009 Vrcibradic 2007 Waldez, Menin & Vogt 2013 Genus Dryophylax (Northern Mock Vipers)   * Dryophylax almae Jararaca Mock Viper Barbosa, Lima & Guedes 2020 Barreto Guedes 2010 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Fernandes Coelho, Souza, Weider, Machado Pereira & Barros Ribeiro 2013 Franco & Ferreira 2002 Franco, Trevine, Montingelli & Zaher 2017 Freitas, Abegg, Silva Araujo, Almeida Coelho, Santos Azevedo, Frazao Chaves & Barbosa de Moura 2019 Guedes, Nogueira & Marques 2014 Hamdan & Lira-da-Silva 2012 Jorge & Freire 2011 Nogueira, Argolo, Arzamendia, Azevedo, Barbo, Bernils, Bolochio, Borges-Martins, Brasil-Godinho, Braz, Buononato, Cisneros-Heredia & Colli 2019 Ribeiro, Roberto, Sales, Avila & Almeida 2012 Roberto & Loebmann 2016 Roberto, Cardozo Ribeiro & Lima Melo 2009 Silva, Silva, Sena & Nascimento 2006 [as "cf. almae"] Trevine, Caicedo-Portilla, Hoogmoed, Thomas, Franco, Montingelli, Osorno-Munoz & Zaher 2021   Dryophylax chaquensis Chaco Mock Viper Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Ferreira, Terra, Piatti, Delatorre, Strussmann, Beda, Kawashita-Ribeiro, Landgref-Filho, Aoki, Campos, Souza, Avila, Duleba, Martins, Rita & Albuquerque 2017 Franco & Ferreira 2002 Franco, Trevine, Montingelli & Zaher 2017 Jansen 2008 Nogueira, Argolo, Arzamendia, Azevedo, Barbo, Bernils, Bolochio, Borges-Martins, Brasil-Godinho, Braz, Buononato, Cisneros-Heredia & Colli 2019 Souza, Uetanabaro, Landgref-Filho, Piatti & Prado 2010 Trevine, Caicedo-Portilla, Hoogmoed, Thomas, Franco, Montingelli, Osorno-Munoz & Zaher 2021   Dryophylax hypoconia Southern Mock Viper Araujo, Ribeiro, Andrade, Pereira, Guzzi & Avila 2020 Arzabe, Skuk, Santana, Delfim, Lima & Abrantes 2005 [as strigilis] Bernils, Batista & Bertelli 2001 [as strigilis] Borges-Nojosa & Santos 2005 [as strigilis] Carvalho, Silva, Ferreira, Souza & Santana 2018 Condez, Sawaya & Dixo 2009 Cordeiro & Hoge 1973 [as T. pallidus] Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Costa, Resende, Gonzalez, Cotta & Feio 2014 Cruz-Forlani, Bernardo, Haddad & Zaher 2010 Entiauspe-Neto, Perleberg & Freitas 2016 Ferreira, Terra, Piatti, Delatorre, Strussmann, Beda, Kawashita-Ribeiro, Landgref-Filho, Aoki, Campos, Souza, Avila, Duleba, Martins, Rita & Albuquerque 2017 Fiorillo, Maciel & Martins 2021 Franca & Araujo 2006 Franca & Silva Braz 2013 Franca, Franca, Roedder & Sole 2022 Franco & Ferreira 2002 Franco, Trevine, Montingelli & Zaher 2017 Guedes, Nogueira & Marques 2014 Hamdan & Lira-da-Silva 2012 Kunz, Ghizoni, Santos & Hartmann 2007 Linares & Eterovick 2013 Lira da Silva, Casais e Silva, Queiroz & Nunes 1995 [as strigilis] Marques, Pereira, Barbo, Germano & Sawaya 2009 Miranda, Costa & Rocha 2012 Nogueira, Argolo, Arzamendia, Azevedo, Barbo, Bernils, Bolochio, Borges-Martins, Brasil-Godinho, Braz, Buononato, Cisneros-Heredia & Colli 2019 Oliveira, Gonzalez, Passos, Vrcibradic & Rocha 2020 Oliveira-Araujo, Correa-Filho & Sawaya 2010 Outeiral, Balestrin, Cappellari, Lema & Ferreira 2018 Pereira-Filho & Montingelli 2011 Pereira-Ribeiro, Ferreguetti, Bergallo & Rocha 2022 Pires, Borges, Souza & Eterovick 2012 Pontes, Figueiredo, Pontes & Rocha 2008 Recoder, Junior, Camacho, Nunes, Mott, Valdujo, Ghellere, Nogueira & Rodrigues 2011 Rocha, Bergallo, Pombal, Geise, Sluys, Fernandes & Caramaschi 2004 [as strigilis] Santos Dainesi, Abegg, Bernarde, Pena Correa, Caetano Machado, Oliveira Meneses & Sena Santos 2019 Santos, Oliveira & Tozetti 2012 Sao-Pedro & Pires 2009 Sawaya, Marques & Martins 2008 Souza Filho & Verrastro 2012 Souza, Uetanabaro, Landgref-Filho, Piatti & Prado 2010 Souza-Filho, Plombon & Capela 2015 Spengler Waltrick & Menta Giasson 2021 Tavares, Melo, Campos, Oda & Strussmann 2012 Trevine, Caicedo-Portilla, Hoogmoed, Thomas, Franco, Montingelli, Osorno-Munoz & Zaher 2021 Vanzolini, Ramos-Costa & Vitt 1980 [as pallidus] Vaz-Silva, Guimaraes-Guedes, Azevedo-Silva, Gontijo, Barbosa, Aloisio & Oliveira 2007 Vitt & Vangilder 1984 [as strigilis] Winck, Santos & Cechin 2007 Zaher, Barbo, Martinez, Nogueira, Rodrigues & Sawaya 2011   Dryophylax nattereri Coastal Mock Viper Araujo & Almeida-Santos 2011 Araujo, Condez, Bovo, Centeno & Luiz 2010 Bertoluci, Canelas, Eisemberg, Palmuti & Montingelli 2009 Boettger 1905 Cicchi, Sena, Peccinini-Seale & Duarte 2007 Condez, Sawaya & Dixo 2009 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Costa, Pantoja, Pontes & Feio 2010 Cruz-Centeno, Sawaya & Marques 2008 Cruz-Forlani, Bernardo, Haddad & Zaher 2010 Franca, Franca, Roedder & Sole 2022 Freitas 2014 Freitas, Abegg, Ribeiro Dias & Figueiredo Moraes 2018 Hamdan & Lira-da-Silva 2012 Hartmann, Hartmann & Martins 2009 Hartmann, Hartmann & Martins 2011 [as "Thamnodynastes cf. nattereri"] Marques, Pereira, Barbo, Germano & Sawaya 2009 [as "Thamnodynastes cf. nattereri"] Marquez & Sazima 2004 [as "Thamnodynastes cf. nattereri"] Moura, Motta, Fernandes & Feio 2012 [as "Thamnodynastes cf. nattereri"] Oliveira, Gonzalez, Passos, Vrcibradic & Rocha 2020 [as "Thamnodynastes cf. nattereri"] Oliveira, Santos, Lopes-Silva, Vasconcelos Barros, Risse-Quaioto, Militao, Fatorelli, Belmoch, Marcial de Castro & Rocha 2020 Silva-Soares, Ferreira, Salles & Rocha 2011 Sousa, Gomides, Hudson, Ribeiro & Novelli 2012 [as "Thamnodynastes cf. nattereri"] Souza-Costa, Mira-Mendes, Ribeiro Dias, Brito Silva, Argolo & Sole 2020 Trevine, Caicedo-Portilla, Hoogmoed, Thomas, Franco, Montingelli, Osorno-Munoz & Zaher 2021 Zaher, Barbo, Martinez, Nogueira, Rodrigues & Sawaya 2011   * Dryophylax phoenix Petrolina Mock Viper Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Franco, Trevine, Montingelli & Zaher 2017 Freitas, Abegg, Silva Araujo, Almeida Coelho, Santos Azevedo, Frazao Chaves & Barbosa de Moura 2019 Nogueira, Argolo, Arzamendia, Azevedo, Barbo, Bernils, Bolochio, Borges-Martins, Brasil-Godinho, Braz, Buononato, Cisneros-Heredia & Colli 2019 Oliveira Lima, Andrade, Lima da Silva & Reis Dias 2022 Oliveira, Araujo, Oliveira & Avila 2021 Trevine, Caicedo-Portilla, Hoogmoed, Thomas, Franco, Montingelli, Osorno-Munoz & Zaher 2021   Dryophylax ramonriveroi Turimiquire Mock Viper Avila-Pires, Hoogmoed & Rocha 2010 Bailey & Thomas 2007 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Franco & Ferreira 2003 [as strigatus] Nogueira, Argolo, Arzamendia, Azevedo, Barbo, Bernils, Bolochio, Borges-Martins, Brasil-Godinho, Braz, Buononato, Cisneros-Heredia & Colli 2019 O'Shea 1990 [as Thamnodynastes sp.] Genus Echinanthera (Neotropical Leaf-litter Snakes)   * Echinanthera cephalomaculata Head-spotted Leaf-litter Snake Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Di-Bernardo 1994 Freitas, Gomes Barbosa, Bernardino, Pinheiro Filho & Abegg 2019 Nogueira, Argolo, Arzamendia, Azevedo, Barbo, Bernils, Bolochio, Borges-Martins, Brasil-Godinho, Braz, Buononato, Cisneros-Heredia & Colli 2019 Silva, Silva, Sena & Nascimento 2006   * Echinanthera cephalostriata Head-striped Leaf-litter Snake Abrahao-Morato 2005 Almeida-Gomes, Siqueira, Borges-Junior, Vrcibradic, Fusinatto & Rocha 2014 Almeida-Gomes, Siquiera, Borges-Junior, Vrcibradic, Fusinatto & Rocha 2014 Argolo & Jesus 2008 Barbo 2008 Barbo, Marques & Sawaya 2011 Cavalheri, Siqueira, Brasil-Godinho, Fadel, Trevine, Sartori & Santana 2021 Cicchi, Sena, Peccinini-Seale & Duarte 2007 Condez, Sawaya & Dixo 2009 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Cruz-Centeno, Sawaya & Marques 2008 Cruz-Forlani, Bernardo, Haddad & Zaher 2010 Di-Bernardo 1996 Duarte Rocha, Silva Telles, Vrcibradic & Nogueira-Costa 2018 Fiorillo, Silva, Menezes, Marques & Martins 2020 Franca, Franca, Roedder & Sole 2022 Goncalves-Dias, Silva, Martins Lima, Santos Souza & Maranhao dos Santos 2019 Hamdan & Lira-da-Silva 2012 Hartmann, Hartmann & Martins 2009 Hartmann, Hartmann & Martins 2011 Marques, Pereira, Barbo, Germano & Sawaya 2009 Menezes, Abegg, Silva, Franco & Feio 2018 Nogueira, Argolo, Arzamendia, Azevedo, Barbo, Bernils, Bolochio, Borges-Martins, Brasil-Godinho, Braz, Buononato, Cisneros-Heredia & Colli 2019 Oliveira, Gonzalez, Passos, Vrcibradic & Rocha 2020 Ortiz, Freitas, Rodrigues, Abegg & Franco 2017 Pontes, Figueiredo, Pontes & Rocha 2008 Rocha, Bergallo, Pombal, Geise, Sluys, Fernandes & Caramaschi 2004 Rojas-Padilla, Menezes, Dias, Argolo, Sole & Orrico 2020 Salles & Silva-Soares 2010 Salles, Weber & Silva-Soares 2010 Souza Filho & Oliveira 2015 Souza-Costa, Mira-Mendes, Ribeiro Dias, Brito Silva, Argolo & Sole 2020 Trevine, Forlani, Haddad & Zaher 2014 Vrcibradic, Rocha, Kiefer, Hatano, Fontes, Almeida-Gomes, Siqueira, Pontes, Borges-Junior, Gil, Klaion, Rubiao & Sluys 2011 Zaher, Barbo, Martinez, Nogueira, Rodrigues & Sawaya 2011   Echinanthera cyanopleura Blue-flanked Leaf-litter Snake Abrahao-Morato 2005 Bernils & Moura-Leite 2010 Bernils, Batista & Bertelli 2001 Condez, Sawaya & Dixo 2009 [as "cf. cyanopleura"] Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Cruz-Forlani, Bernardo, Haddad & Zaher 2010 Cunha de Oliveira & Soares de Oliveira 2014 Dixo & Verdade 2006 Franca, Franca, Roedder & Sole 2022 Giraudo & Scrocchi 2002 Gutsche, Kwet, Kucharzewski & Hallermann 2007 Kunz & Ghizoni 2009 Kunz, Ghizoni, Santos & Hartmann 2007 Lema 1994 Marques, Pereira, Barbo, Germano & Sawaya 2009 Marquez & Sazima 2004 Nogueira, Argolo, Arzamendia, Azevedo, Barbo, Bernils, Bolochio, Borges-Martins, Brasil-Godinho, Braz, Buononato, Cisneros-Heredia & Colli 2019 Oliveira, Gonzalez, Passos, Vrcibradic & Rocha 2020 Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 Souza Filho & Oliveira 2015 Spengler Waltrick & Menta Giasson 2021 Zaher, Barbo, Martinez, Nogueira, Rodrigues & Sawaya 2011 Zanella & Cechin 2010 Zanella, Paula, Guaragni & Machado 2013 Zanella, Paula, Guaragni & Souza 2013   * Echinanthera melanostigma Black-marked Leaf-litter Snake Cicchi, Sena, Peccinini-Seale & Duarte 2007 Condez, Sawaya & Dixo 2009 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Costa, Pantoja, Pontes & Feio 2010 Franca, Franca, Roedder & Sole 2022 Hamdan & Lira-da-Silva 2012 Hartmann, Hartmann & Martins 2009 Lima Silveira, Silverio Pires & Agostini-Cotta 2004 Moura, Motta, Fernandes & Feio 2012 Nogueira, Argolo, Arzamendia, Azevedo, Barbo, Bernils, Bolochio, Borges-Martins, Brasil-Godinho, Braz, Buononato, Cisneros-Heredia & Colli 2019 Oliveira, Gonzalez, Passos, Vrcibradic & Rocha 2020 Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 Rocha, Bergallo, Pombal, Geise, Sluys, Fernandes & Caramaschi 2004 Varela Rios, Novelli, Hudson, Cozendey, Lima & Sousa 2017 Wagler 1824 Zaher, Barbo, Martinez, Nogueira, Rodrigues & Sawaya 2011   * Echinanthera undulata South Brazilian Leaf-litter Snake Araujo, Condez, Bovo, Centeno & Luiz 2010 Barbo 2008 Barbo, Marques & Sawaya 2011 Bernils & Moura-Leite 2010 Bernils, Batista & Bertelli 2001 Cicchi, Sena, Peccinini-Seale & Duarte 2007 Condez, Sawaya & Dixo 2009 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Cruz-Centeno, Sawaya & Marques 2008 Cruz-Forlani, Bernardo, Haddad & Zaher 2010 Gomes & Marques 2012 Gutsche, Kwet, Kucharzewski & Hallermann 2007 Hartmann, Hartmann & Martins 2009 Hartmann, Hartmann & Martins 2011 Hoogmoed 1997 Kunz & Ghizoni 2009 Marques, Pereira, Barbo, Germano & Sawaya 2009 Marquez & Sazima 2004 Moura, Motta, Fernandes & Feio 2012 Nogueira, Argolo, Arzamendia, Azevedo, Barbo, Bernils, Bolochio, Borges-Martins, Brasil-Godinho, Braz, Buononato, Cisneros-Heredia & Colli 2019 Oliveira, Gonzalez, Passos, Vrcibradic & Rocha 2020 Parker 1935 Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 Rocha, Bergallo, Pombal, Geise, Sluys, Fernandes & Caramaschi 2004 Salles & Silva-Soares 2010 Spengler Waltrick & Menta Giasson 2021 Trevine, Forlani, Haddad & Zaher 2014 Zaher, Barbo, Martinez, Nogueira, Rodrigues & Sawaya 2011 Genus Elapomorphus (Brazilian Lizard Eaters)   * Elapomorphus quinquelineatus Five-lined Lizard Eater Bertoluci, Canelas, Eisemberg, Palmuti & Montingelli 2009 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Costa, Pantoja, Pontes & Feio 2010 Golay, Smith, Broadley, Dixon, McCarthy, Rage, Schatti & Toriba 1993 Hartmann, Hartmann & Martins 2009 Hoogmoed 1997 Lema 1992 Marques, Pereira, Barbo, Germano & Sawaya 2009 Moura, Motta, Fernandes & Feio 2012 Nogueira, Argolo, Arzamendia, Azevedo, Barbo, Bernils, Bolochio, Borges-Martins, Brasil-Godinho, Braz, Buononato, Cisneros-Heredia & Colli 2019 Oliveira, Gonzalez, Passos, Vrcibradic & Rocha 2020 Oliveira, Santos, Lopes-Silva, Vasconcelos Barros, Risse-Quaioto, Militao, Fatorelli, Belmoch, Marcial de Castro & Rocha 2020 Ortiz, Freitas, Rodrigues, Abegg & Franco 2017 Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 Pontes, Figueiredo, Pontes & Rocha 2008 Raddi 1820 Rocha, Bergallo, Pombal, Geise, Sluys, Fernandes & Caramaschi 2004 Salles & Silva-Soares 2010 Salles, Weber & Silva-Soares 2010 Schlegel 1837 Silva Cozer, Pereira-Ribeiro, Meirelles Linause, Colombo Ferreguetti, Godoy Bergallo & Rocha 2020 Sousa, Gomides, Hudson, Ribeiro & Novelli 2012 Travaglia-Cardoso, Teixeira da Rocha & Puorto 2001 Trevine, Forlani, Haddad & Zaher 2014 Zaher, Barbo, Martinez, Nogueira, Rodrigues & Sawaya 2011   * Elapomorphus wuchereri Bahia Lizard Eater Argolo 2004 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Entiauspe-Neto, Renner, Mario-da-Rosa, Abegg, Loebmann & Lema 2017 Freitas 2014 Hamdan & Lira-da-Silva 2012 Nogueira, Argolo, Arzamendia, Azevedo, Barbo, Bernils, Bolochio, Borges-Martins, Brasil-Godinho, Braz, Buononato, Cisneros-Heredia & Colli 2019 Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 Rojas-Padilla, Menezes, Dias, Argolo, Sole & Orrico 2020 Genus Erythrolamprus (Neotropical Smooth Snakes)   Erythrolamprus aenigma Savannah Smooth Snake Avila-Pires 2005 [as E. poecilogyrus] Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Cunha & Nascimento 1980 [as E. poecilogyrus lancini] Entiauspe-Neto, Abegg, Koch, Nunez, Azevedo, Moraes, Tiutenko, Bialves & Loebmann 2021 O'Shea 1990 [as E. poecilogyrus lancini]   Erythrolamprus aesculapii Southern Mock Coral Snake Abrahao-Morato 2005 Abrahao-Morato, Lima, Pries Staut, Faria, Souza-Alves, Feitosa Gouveia, Cavilha Scupino, Gomes & Silva 2011 Amaral 1949 Araujo & Almeida-Santos 2011 Araujo, Condez, Bovo, Centeno & Luiz 2010 Argolo 2004 Avila-Pires 2005 Avila-Pires, Hoogmoed & Rocha 2010 Avila-Pires, Vitt, Sartorius & Zani 2009 Barbo 2008 Barbo, Marques & Sawaya 2011 Bernarde & Abe 2006 Bernarde & Abe 2010 Bernarde, Albuquerque, Barros & Turci 2012 Bernils & Moura-Leite 2010 Bertoluci, Canelas, Eisemberg, Palmuti & Montingelli 2009 Carvalho, Souza Alencar & Carvalho-Vilar 2007 Cicchi, Sena, Peccinini-Seale & Duarte 2007 Condez, Sawaya & Dixo 2009 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Costa, Pantoja, Pontes & Feio 2010 Costa, Resende, Gonzalez, Cotta & Feio 2014 Cruz-Centeno, Sawaya & Marques 2008 Cruz-Forlani, Bernardo, Haddad & Zaher 2010 Cunha & Nascimento 1980 Cunha de Oliveira & Soares de Oliveira 2014 Cunha, Nascimento & Avila-Pires 1985 Curcio, Sanchez-Pacheco, Mueses-Cisneros & Rodrigues 2009 Curcio, Scali & Rodrigues 2015 Dias-Lima 2008 Duarte Rocha, Silva Telles, Vrcibradic & Nogueira-Costa 2018 Entiauspe-Neto, Abegg, Koch, Nunez, Azevedo, Moraes, Tiutenko, Bialves & Loebmann 2021 Ferreira, Terra, Piatti, Delatorre, Strussmann, Beda, Kawashita-Ribeiro, Landgref-Filho, Aoki, Campos, Souza, Avila, Duleba, Martins, Rita & Albuquerque 2017 Fiorillo, Maciel & Martins 2021 Fiorillo, Silva, Menezes, Marques & Martins 2020 Franca & Araujo 2006 Franca & Silva Braz 2013 Franca, Franca, Roedder & Sole 2022 Freitas 2014 Freitas, Abegg, Ribeiro Dias & Figueiredo Moraes 2018 Freitas, Colli, Entiauspe-Neto, Trinchao, Araujo, Oliveira Lima, Franca, Gaiga & Dias 2016 Freitas, Santos Silva, Mendes Fonseca, Hamdan, Filadelfo & Abegg 2019 Freitas, Vieira, Entiauspe-Neto, Oliveira-e-Sousa, Farias, Sousa & Moura 2017 Frota, Santos, Chaldikis & Guedes 2005 Giraudo & Scrocchi 2002 Hamdan & Lira-da-Silva 2012 Hartmann, Hartmann & Martins 2009 Hoogmoed 1997 Linares & Eterovick 2013 Marques, Mebert, Fonseca, Roedder, Sole & Tinoco 2016 Marques, Pereira, Barbo, Germano & Sawaya 2009 Marques, Roedder, Sole & Tinoco 2017 Marquez & Sazima 2004 Martins & Oliveira 1999 Maschio, Santos-Costa & Prudente 2016 Moreira, Fenolio, Silva & Silva 2009 Moura, Motta, Fernandes & Feio 2012 Nascimento, Avila Pires & Cunha 1988 Nogueira, Argolo, Arzamendia, Azevedo, Barbo, Bernils, Bolochio, Borges-Martins, Brasil-Godinho, Braz, Buononato, Cisneros-Heredia & Colli 2019 Oliveira da Silva, Oliveira, Woitovicz-Cardoso & Graf 2007 Oliveira Lima, Andrade, Lima da Silva & Reis Dias 2022 Oliveira, Gonzalez, Passos, Vrcibradic & Rocha 2020 Ortiz, Freitas, Rodrigues, Abegg & Franco 2017 O'Shea 1990 Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 Pontes, Figueiredo, Pontes & Rocha 2008 Prudente, Melo Sarmento, Camara Costa, Moreira Dourado, Meireles dos Santos, Ferreira Lima, Dias Lima & Galatti 2020 Ribeiro-Junior, Rossi, Miranda & Avila-Pires 2011 Roberto, Oliveira, Araujo-Filho, Oliveira & Avila 2017 Rocha, Bergallo, Pombal, Geise, Sluys, Fernandes & Caramaschi 2004 Rojas-Padilla, Menezes, Dias, Argolo, Sole & Orrico 2020 Ruschi 1966 Salles & Silva-Soares 2010 Santos Azevedo, Oliveira & Costa 2021 Santos Dainesi, Abegg, Bernarde, Pena Correa, Caetano Machado, Oliveira Meneses & Sena Santos 2019 Santos, Avila & Kawashita-Ribeiro 2011 Santos-Costa, Maschio & Prudente 2015 Sao-Pedro & Pires 2009 Sazima & Manzani 1995 Silva Cozer, Pereira-Ribeiro, Meirelles Linause, Colombo Ferreguetti, Godoy Bergallo & Rocha 2020 Silva Lucas, Novelli & Sousa 2016 Silva, Cintra, Silva, Costa, Amaral-Souza, Pacheco & Goncalves 2009 Silva, Oliveira, Morais, Kawashita-Ribeiro, Brito & Avila 2015 Silva, Silva, Sena & Nascimento 2006 Sousa, Gomides, Hudson, Ribeiro & Novelli 2012 Sousa, Nascimento, Gomides, Rios, Hudson & Novelli 2010 Souza Filho & Oliveira 2015 Souza Palmuti, Cassimiro & Bertoluci 2009 Strussmann, Almeida-Prado, Uetanabaro & Ferreira 2000 Tavares, Melo, Campos, Oda & Strussmann 2012 Torres-Carvajal & Hinojosa 2020 Trevine, Forlani, Haddad & Zaher 2014 Vaz-Silva, Guimaraes-Guedes, Azevedo-Silva, Gontijo, Barbosa, Aloisio & Oliveira 2007 Zaher, Barbo, Martinez, Nogueira, Rodrigues & Sawaya 2011   Erythrolamprus almadensis Almada Smooth Snake Argolo 2004 Ascenso, Costa & Prudente 2019 Bernarde & Abe 2006 Bernarde & Abe 2010 Bernarde, Albuquerque, Barros & Turci 2012 Bernils, Batista & Bertelli 2001 Bertoluci, Canelas, Eisemberg, Palmuti & Montingelli 2009 [as "cf. almadensis"] Carvalho & Nogueira 1998 Cordeiro & Hoge 1973 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Costa, Resende, Gonzalez, Cotta & Feio 2014 Dixon 1989 Dixon 1991 Duleba & Ferreira 2014 Entiauspe-Neto, Abegg, Koch, Nunez, Azevedo, Moraes, Tiutenko, Bialves & Loebmann 2021 Ferreira, Terra, Piatti, Delatorre, Strussmann, Beda, Kawashita-Ribeiro, Landgref-Filho, Aoki, Campos, Souza, Avila, Duleba, Martins, Rita & Albuquerque 2017 Fiorillo, Maciel & Martins 2021 Franca & Araujo 2006 Franca & Silva Braz 2013 Franca, Franca, Roedder & Sole 2022 Franca, Germano & Franca 2012 Freitas 2014 Freitas, Colli, Entiauspe-Neto, Trinchao, Araujo, Oliveira Lima, Franca, Gaiga & Dias 2016 Frota, Santos, Chaldikis & Guedes 2005 Giraudo & Scrocchi 2002 Guedes, Nogueira & Marques 2014 Hamdan & Lira-da-Silva 2012 Lema 1994 Linares & Eterovick 2013 Marques, Mebert, Fonseca, Roedder, Sole & Tinoco 2016 Marques, Pereira, Barbo, Germano & Sawaya 2009 Marques, Roedder, Sole & Tinoco 2017 Mesquita, Alves, Pedro, Laranjeiras, Caldas, Pedrosa, Rodrigues, Drummond, Cavalcanti, Wachlevski, Nogueira-Costa, Franca & Franca 2018 Moreira, Fenolio, Silva & Silva 2009 Nascimento, Avila-Pires, Santos & Lima 1991 Nogueira, Argolo, Arzamendia, Azevedo, Barbo, Bernils, Bolochio, Borges-Martins, Brasil-Godinho, Braz, Buononato, Cisneros-Heredia & Colli 2019 Oliveira-Araujo, Correa-Filho & Sawaya 2010 Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 Pinheiro, Abe, Bitar, Albarelli & Santos-Costa 2015 Rodrigues, Maschio & Prudente 2016 Rufino 1999 Santana, Vieira, Pereira-Filho, Delfim, Lima & Vieira 2008 Sao-Pedro & Pires 2009 Silva Lucas, Novelli & Sousa 2016 Souza Filho & Verrastro 2012 Spengler Waltrick & Menta Giasson 2021 Strussmann & Sazima 1993 Torres-Carvajal & Hinojosa 2020 Turci & Bernarde 2008 Wagler 1824 Yuki & Santos 1998 Zaher, Barbo, Martinez, Nogueira, Rodrigues & Sawaya 2011   * Erythrolamprus atraventer Brazilian Black-bellied Smooth Snake Condez, Sawaya & Dixo 2009 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Cruz-Forlani, Bernardo, Haddad & Zaher 2010 Dixon & Thomas 1985 Dixon 1987 Dixon 1989 Entiauspe-Neto, Abegg, Koch, Nunez, Azevedo, Moraes, Tiutenko, Bialves & Loebmann 2021 Fernandes, Passos, Franco & Germano 2003 Hartmann, Hartmann & Martins 2009 Marques, Pereira, Barbo, Germano & Sawaya 2009 Nogueira, Argolo, Arzamendia, Azevedo, Barbo, Bernils, Bolochio, Borges-Martins, Brasil-Godinho, Braz, Buononato, Cisneros-Heredia & Colli 2019 Oliveira, Gonzalez, Passos, Vrcibradic & Rocha 2020 Passos & Fernandes 2001 Rocha, Bergallo, Pombal, Geise, Sluys, Fernandes & Caramaschi 2004 Zaher, Barbo, Martinez, Nogueira, Rodrigues & Sawaya 2011   Erythrolamprus breviceps Short-headed Smooth Snake Avila-Pires 2005 Bernarde & Abe 2006 Bernarde, Albuquerque, Barros & Turci 2012 [as longiventris] Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Dixon 1989 [as longiventris] Entiauspe-Neto, Abegg, Koch, Nunez, Azevedo, Moraes, Tiutenko, Bialves & Loebmann 2021 Franca 2010 [as longiventris] Frota 2001 Martins & Oliveira 1999 Nogueira, Argolo, Arzamendia, Azevedo, Barbo, Bernils, Bolochio, Borges-Martins, Brasil-Godinho, Braz, Buononato, Cisneros-Heredia & Colli 2019 Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 Prudente, Melo Sarmento, Camara Costa, Moreira Dourado, Meireles dos Santos, Ferreira Lima, Dias Lima & Galatti 2020 Strussmann & Carvalho 1998 [as longiventris]   * Erythrolamprus carajasensis Carajas Smooth Snake Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Cunha, Nascimento & Avila-Pires 1985 Dixon 1989 Nogueira, Argolo, Arzamendia, Azevedo, Barbo, Bernils, Bolochio, Borges-Martins, Brasil-Godinho, Braz, Buononato, Cisneros-Heredia & Colli 2019   Erythrolamprus cobellus South American Red-bellied Smooth Snake Avila-Pires 2005 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Entiauspe-Neto, Abegg, Koch, Nunez, Azevedo, Moraes, Tiutenko, Bialves & Loebmann 2021 Nogueira, Argolo, Arzamendia, Azevedo, Barbo, Bernils, Bolochio, Borges-Martins, Brasil-Godinho, Braz, Buononato, Cisneros-Heredia & Colli 2019 Prudente, Melo Sarmento, Camara Costa, Moreira Dourado, Meireles dos Santos, Ferreira Lima, Dias Lima & Galatti 2020   Erythrolamprus dorsocorallinus Barinas Smooth Snake Ascenso, Costa & Prudente 2019 Bernarde, Machado & Turci 2011 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Entiauspe-Neto, Abegg, Koch, Nunez, Azevedo, Moraes, Tiutenko, Bialves & Loebmann 2021 Fonseca, Silva, Abegg, Rosa & Bernarde 2019 Franca, Freitas, Ramalho & Bernarde 2017 Freitas, Mendes Venancio, Abegg, Santos Azevedo, Oliveira Pereira, Pinheiro Zanotti, Veloso, Schwarzbach, Oliveira e Sousa, Cruz-da-Silva, Goncalves de Amorim & Barbosa de Moura 2020 Miranda, Venancio & Albuquerque 2014 Nogueira, Argolo, Arzamendia, Azevedo, Barbo, Bernils, Bolochio, Borges-Martins, Brasil-Godinho, Braz, Buononato, Cisneros-Heredia & Colli 2019 Pantoja & Fraga 2012 Rodrigues-Franca & Mendes Venancio 2010 [as Liophis sp.] Silva Araujo, Souza, Andrade Farias, Silva, Venancio, Maciel Junior & Melo-Sampaio 2012 Souto, Pinna, Machado & Lopes 2017   Erythrolamprus frenatus Paraguayan Smooth Snake Araujo & Almeida-Santos 2011 Carvalho, Silva, Ferreira, Souza & Santana 2018 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Dixon 1989 Ferreira, Terra, Piatti, Delatorre, Strussmann, Beda, Kawashita-Ribeiro, Landgref-Filho, Aoki, Campos, Souza, Avila, Duleba, Martins, Rita & Albuquerque 2017 Giraudo & Scrocchi 2002 Nogueira, Argolo, Arzamendia, Azevedo, Barbo, Bernils, Bolochio, Borges-Martins, Brasil-Godinho, Braz, Buononato, Cisneros-Heredia & Colli 2019 Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 [as brazili] Silva, Cintra, Silva, Costa, Amaral-Souza, Pacheco & Goncalves 2009 Valdujo & Nogueira 2001 Vaz-Silva, Guimaraes-Guedes, Azevedo-Silva, Gontijo, Barbosa, Aloisio & Oliveira 2007 Zaher, Barbo, Martinez, Nogueira, Rodrigues & Sawaya 2011   Erythrolamprus jaegeri Southern Green Smooth Snake Barbo 2008 Barbo, Marques & Sawaya 2011 Bernils & Moura-Leite 2010 Bernils, Batista & Bertelli 2001 Boettger 1905 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Costa, Resende, Gonzalez, Cotta & Feio 2014 Cruz-Forlani, Bernardo, Haddad & Zaher 2010 Dixon 1987 Dixon 1989 Entiauspe-Neto, Abegg, Koch, Nunez, Azevedo, Moraes, Tiutenko, Bialves & Loebmann 2021 Entiauspe-Neto, Perleberg & Freitas 2016 Ferreira, Terra, Piatti, Delatorre, Strussmann, Beda, Kawashita-Ribeiro, Landgref-Filho, Aoki, Campos, Souza, Avila, Duleba, Martins, Rita & Albuquerque 2017 Franca, Franca, Roedder & Sole 2022 Hoogmoed 1997 Kunz, Ghizoni & Giasson 2011 Lema 1994 Marques, Pereira, Barbo, Germano & Sawaya 2009 Moura, Motta, Fernandes & Feio 2012 Nogueira, Argolo, Arzamendia, Azevedo, Barbo, Bernils, Bolochio, Borges-Martins, Brasil-Godinho, Braz, Buononato, Cisneros-Heredia & Colli 2019 Oliveira, Gonzalez, Passos, Vrcibradic & Rocha 2020 Ortiz, Freitas, Rodrigues, Abegg & Franco 2017 Outeiral, Balestrin, Cappellari, Lema & Ferreira 2018 Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 Quintela, Medvedovsky, Ibarra, Neves & Figueiredo 2011 Rocha, Bergallo, Pombal, Geise, Sluys, Fernandes & Caramaschi 2004 Santos, Oliveira & Tozetti 2012 Sawaya, Marques & Martins 2008 Spengler Waltrick & Menta Giasson 2021 Trevine, Forlani, Haddad & Zaher 2014 Winck, Santos & Cechin 2007 Zaher, Barbo, Martinez, Nogueira, Rodrigues & Sawaya 2011   Erythrolamprus macrosomus Southern Royal Smooth Snake Ascenso, Costa & Prudente 2019 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Costa, Resende, Gonzalez, Cotta & Feio 2014 Dixon 1989 Entiauspe-Neto, Abegg, Koch, Nunez, Azevedo, Moraes, Tiutenko, Bialves & Loebmann 2021 Nogueira, Argolo, Arzamendia, Azevedo, Barbo, Bernils, Bolochio, Borges-Martins, Brasil-Godinho, Braz, Buononato, Cisneros-Heredia & Colli 2019 Pereira Ramalho, Fagundes Franca, Guerra, Marciano, Vale & Rodrigues Silva 2018 Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 Valdujo & Nogueira 2001   * Erythrolamprus maryellenae Goias Smooth Snake Argolo 1999 Cintra, Silva & Silva 2009 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Dixon 1985 Dixon 1989 Franca & Araujo 2006 Franca & Silva Braz 2013 Franca 2004 Freitas, Verissimo & Uhlig 2012 Guedes, Nogueira & Marques 2014 Hamdan & Lira-da-Silva 2012 Nogueira, Argolo, Arzamendia, Azevedo, Barbo, Bernils, Bolochio, Borges-Martins, Brasil-Godinho, Braz, Buononato, Cisneros-Heredia & Colli 2019 Sao-Pedro & Pires 2009 Valdujo & Nogueira 2001 Vaz-Silva, Guimaraes-Guedes, Azevedo-Silva, Gontijo, Barbosa, Aloisio & Oliveira 2007   Erythrolamprus miliaris Military Smooth Snake Abrahao-Morato 2005 Almeida-Gomes, Siqueira, Borges-Junior, Vrcibradic, Fusinatto & Rocha 2014 Almeida-Gomes, Siquiera, Borges-Junior, Vrcibradic, Fusinatto & Rocha 2014 Amaral 1949 Araujo & Almeida-Santos 2011 Araujo, Condez, Bovo, Centeno & Luiz 2010 Argolo 2004 Ascenso, Costa & Prudente 2019 Avila & Kawashita-Ribeiro 2011 Avila-Pires 2005 Barbo 2008 Barbo, Marques & Sawaya 2011 Bernarde & Abe 2006 [as Masticophis mentovarius] Bernarde & Abe 2010 [as Masticophis mentovarius] Bernarde, Albuquerque, Barros & Turci 2012 [as Masticophis mentovarius] Bernils & Moura-Leite 2010 Bernils, Batista & Bertelli 2001 Boettger 1905 [as Rhadinaea merremii] Carvalho, Souza Alencar & Carvalho-Vilar 2007 Castro & Teixeira 2007 Cavalheri, Siqueira, Brasil-Godinho, Fadel, Trevine, Sartori & Santana 2021 Cicchi, Sena, Peccinini-Seale & Duarte 2007 Condez, Sawaya & Dixo 2009 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Costa, Pantoja, Pontes & Feio 2010 Costa, Resende, Gonzalez, Cotta & Feio 2014 Costa-Campos, Ribeiro Sanches, Pedroso-Santos, Figueiredo, Tavares-Pinheiro & Almeida-Santos 2021 Cruz-Centeno, Sawaya & Marques 2008 Cruz-Forlani, Bernardo, Haddad & Zaher 2010 Cunha de Oliveira & Soares de Oliveira 2014 Dixon 1983 Dixon 1989 Duarte Rocha, Silva Telles, Vrcibradic & Nogueira-Costa 2018 Entiauspe-Neto, Abegg, Koch, Nunez, Azevedo, Moraes, Tiutenko, Bialves & Loebmann 2021 Feio & Caramaschi 2002 Ferreira & Mendes 2010 Ferreira, Terra, Piatti, Delatorre, Strussmann, Beda, Kawashita-Ribeiro, Landgref-Filho, Aoki, Campos, Souza, Avila, Duleba, Martins, Rita & Albuquerque 2017 Fiorillo, Silva, Menezes, Marques & Martins 2020 Franca, Franca, Roedder & Sole 2022 Freitas 2014 Freitas, Vieira, Entiauspe-Neto, Oliveira-e-Sousa, Farias, Sousa & Moura 2017 Frota & Santos 2002 Frota, Santos, Chaldikis & Guedes 2005 Giraudo, Arzamendia & Cacciali 2006 Guedes, Nogueira & Marques 2014 Gutsche, Kwet, Kucharzewski & Hallermann 2007 Hamdan & Lira-da-Silva 2012 Hartmann, Hartmann & Martins 2009 Hartmann, Hartmann & Martins 2011 Hoogmoed 1997 Kunz & Ghizoni 2009 Kunz, Ghizoni, Santos & Hartmann 2007 Lema 1994 Linares & Eterovick 2013 Marques, Mebert, Fonseca, Roedder, Sole & Tinoco 2016 Marques, Pereira, Barbo, Germano & Sawaya 2009 Marques, Roedder, Sole & Tinoco 2017 Marquez & Sazima 2004 Menezes, Abegg, Silva, Franco & Feio 2018 Moura, Motta, Fernandes & Feio 2012 Nascimento, Avila-Pires & Cunha 1987 Nogueira, Argolo, Arzamendia, Azevedo, Barbo, Bernils, Bolochio, Borges-Martins, Brasil-Godinho, Braz, Buononato, Cisneros-Heredia & Colli 2019 Oliveira da Silva, Oliveira, Woitovicz-Cardoso & Graf 2007 Oliveira Lima, Andrade, Lima da Silva & Reis Dias 2022 Oliveira, Gonzalez, Passos, Vrcibradic & Rocha 2020 Oliveira, Santos, Lopes-Silva, Vasconcelos Barros, Risse-Quaioto, Militao, Fatorelli, Belmoch, Marcial de Castro & Rocha 2020 Ortiz, Freitas, Rodrigues, Abegg & Franco 2017 Pereira-Filho & Montingelli 2011 Pereira-Ribeiro, Ferreguetti, Bergallo & Rocha 2022 Pontes, Figueiredo, Pontes & Rocha 2008 Protazio, Protazio, Silva, Conceicao, Braga, Santos, Ribeiro, Almeida, Gama, Vieira & Silva 2021 Prudente, Melo Sarmento, Camara Costa, Moreira Dourado, Meireles dos Santos, Ferreira Lima, Dias Lima & Galatti 2020 Roberto & Loebmann 2016 Rocha & Sluys 2006 Rocha, Bergallo, Pombal, Geise, Sluys, Fernandes & Caramaschi 2004 Rojas-Padilla, Menezes, Dias, Argolo, Sole & Orrico 2020 Ruschi 1966 Salles & Silva-Soares 2010 Salles, Weber & Silva-Soares 2010 Santos & Frota 2002 Santos & Yuki 2002 Santos Dainesi, Abegg, Bernarde, Pena Correa, Caetano Machado, Oliveira Meneses & Sena Santos 2019 Sao-Pedro & Pires 2009 Sazima & Manzani 1995 Shibatta, Galves, Carmo, Lima, Lopes & Machado 2009 Silva Cozer, Pereira-Ribeiro, Meirelles Linause, Colombo Ferreguetti, Godoy Bergallo & Rocha 2020 Silva, Silva, Sena & Nascimento 2006 Silva-Soares, Ferreira, Salles & Rocha 2011 Sousa, Gomides, Hudson, Ribeiro & Novelli 2012 Souza Palmuti, Cassimiro & Bertoluci 2009 Souza-Costa, Mira-Mendes, Ribeiro Dias, Brito Silva, Argolo & Sole 2020 Souza-Filho, Plombon & Capela 2015 Spengler Waltrick & Menta Giasson 2021 Travassos & Freitas 1949 Travassos 1944 Trevine, Forlani, Haddad & Zaher 2014 Vechio, Teixeira Junior, Recoder, Rodrigues & Zaher 2016 Vitt & Vangilder 1984 Vitt 1983 Vrcibradic, Rocha, Kiefer, Hatano, Fontes, Almeida-Gomes, Siqueira, Pontes, Borges-Junior, Gil, Klaion, Rubiao & Sluys 2011 Winck, Santos & Cechin 2007 Zaher, Barbo, Martinez, Nogueira, Rodrigues & Sawaya 2011   * Erythrolamprus mossoroensis Mossoro Smooth Snake Cordeiro & Hoge 1973 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Dixon 1983 Dixon 1989 Guedes, Nogueira & Marques 2014 Hamdan & Lira-da-Silva 2012 Hoge, Russo, Santos & Furtado 1981 Lima-Verde & Cascon 1990 Mesquita, Passos, Borges-Nojosa & Cechin 2013 Nogueira, Argolo, Arzamendia, Azevedo, Barbo, Bernils, Bolochio, Borges-Martins, Brasil-Godinho, Braz, Buononato, Cisneros-Heredia & Colli 2019 Ribeiro, Roberto, Sales, Avila & Almeida 2012 Roberto & Loebmann 2016 Vanzolini, Ramos-Costa & Vitt 1980   Erythrolamprus oligolepis Para Smooth Snake Ascenso, Costa & Prudente 2019 Bernarde, Albuquerque, Barros & Turci 2012 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Entiauspe-Neto, Abegg, Koch, Nunez, Azevedo, Moraes, Tiutenko, Bialves & Loebmann 2021 Ferreira, Sturaro & Peloso 2017 Franca, Freitas, Bernarde & Uhlig 2013 Franca, Freitas, Ramalho & Bernarde 2017 Freitas, Mendes Venancio, Abegg, Santos Azevedo, Oliveira Pereira, Pinheiro Zanotti, Veloso, Schwarzbach, Oliveira e Sousa, Cruz-da-Silva, Goncalves de Amorim & Barbosa de Moura 2020 Freitas, Vieira, Entiauspe-Neto, Oliveira-e-Sousa, Farias, Sousa & Moura 2017 Frota, Santos, Chaldikis & Guedes 2005 Goncalves Pereira & Bernhard 2020 Nogueira, Argolo, Arzamendia, Azevedo, Barbo, Bernils, Bolochio, Borges-Martins, Brasil-Godinho, Braz, Buononato, Cisneros-Heredia & Colli 2019 Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 Silva 1993   Erythrolamprus poecilogyrus Yellow-bellied Smooth Snake Abrahao-Morato 2005 Amaral 1949 Andrade, Costa, Santos & Reis Dias 2020 Araujo & Almeida-Santos 2011 Araujo, Ribeiro, Andrade, Pereira, Guzzi & Avila 2020 Argolo 2004 Ascenso, Costa & Prudente 2019 Avila-Pires 2005 Barbo 2008 Barbo, Marques & Sawaya 2011 Bernarde, Albuquerque, Barros & Turci 2012 Bernils & Moura-Leite 2010 Bernils, Batista & Bertelli 2001 Bertoluci, Canelas, Eisemberg, Palmuti & Montingelli 2009 Boettger 1905 Borges-Leite, Rodrigues & Borges-Nojosa 2014 Carvalho & Nogueira 1998 Carvalho, Silva, Ferreira, Souza & Santana 2018 Cicchi, Sena, Peccinini-Seale & Duarte 2007 Cintra, Silva & Silva 2009 Condez, Sawaya & Dixo 2009 Cordeiro & Hoge 1973 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Costa, Laranjeiras, Caldas, Santana, Silva, Alcantara, Brito, Galdino, Mesquita, Faria, Franca, Avila & Garda 2018 Costa, Pantoja, Pontes & Feio 2010 Costa, Resende, Gonzalez, Cotta & Feio 2014 Cruz-Forlani, Bernardo, Haddad & Zaher 2010 Dixon 1989 Duarte Rocha, Silva Telles, Vrcibradic & Nogueira-Costa 2018 Entiauspe-Neto, Abegg, Koch, Nunez, Azevedo, Moraes, Tiutenko, Bialves & Loebmann 2021 Entiauspe-Neto, Perleberg & Freitas 2016 Ferreira, Terra, Piatti, Delatorre, Strussmann, Beda, Kawashita-Ribeiro, Landgref-Filho, Aoki, Campos, Souza, Avila, Duleba, Martins, Rita & Albuquerque 2017 Fiorillo, Maciel & Martins 2021 Franca & Araujo 2006 Franca & Silva Braz 2013 Franca, Franca, Roedder & Sole 2022 Franca, Germano & Franca 2012 Freitas 2014 Freitas, Abegg, Ribeiro Dias & Figueiredo Moraes 2018 Freitas, Abegg, Silva Araujo, Almeida Coelho, Santos Azevedo, Frazao Chaves & Barbosa de Moura 2019 Freitas, Colli, Entiauspe-Neto, Trinchao, Araujo, Oliveira Lima, Franca, Gaiga & Dias 2016 Freitas, Santos Silva, Mendes Fonseca, Hamdan, Filadelfo & Abegg 2019 Freitas, Verissimo & Uhlig 2012 Freitas, Vieira, Entiauspe-Neto, Oliveira-e-Sousa, Farias, Sousa & Moura 2017 Frota, Santos, Chaldikis & Guedes 2005 Giraudo & Scrocchi 2002 Guedes, Nogueira & Marques 2014 Hamdan & Lira-da-Silva 2012 Hoge, Romano & Cordeiro 1978 Hoge, Russo, Santos & Furtado 1981 Hoogmoed 1997 Kunz & Ghizoni 2009 Kunz, Ghizoni & Giasson 2011 Kunz, Ghizoni, Santos & Hartmann 2007 Lema 1994 Lima-Verde & Cascon 1990 Linares & Eterovick 2013 Loebmann & Haddad 2010 Lopes Santos, Pereira de Andrade, Victor-Junior & Vaz-Silva 2014 Madella-Auricchio, Auricchio & Soares 2017 Marques, Mebert, Fonseca, Roedder, Sole & Tinoco 2016 Marques, Pereira, Barbo, Germano & Sawaya 2009 Marques, Roedder, Sole & Tinoco 2017 Mendes-Pinto & Souza 2011 Mesquita, Alves, Pedro, Laranjeiras, Caldas, Pedrosa, Rodrigues, Drummond, Cavalcanti, Wachlevski, Nogueira-Costa, Franca & Franca 2018 Mesquita, Passos, Borges-Nojosa & Cechin 2013 Miranda, Costa & Rocha 2012 Moreira, Fenolio, Silva & Silva 2009 Moura, Motta, Fernandes & Feio 2012 Nascimento, Avila-Pires, Santos & Lima 1991 Nogueira, Argolo, Arzamendia, Azevedo, Barbo, Bernils, Bolochio, Borges-Martins, Brasil-Godinho, Braz, Buononato, Cisneros-Heredia & Colli 2019 Oliveira Lima, Andrade, Lima da Silva & Reis Dias 2022 Oliveira Neves, Yves, Almeida Pereira, Alves, Bonfim Vasques, Teixeira Coelho & Santos Silva 2019 Oliveira, Araujo, Oliveira & Avila 2021 Oliveira, Gonzalez, Passos, Vrcibradic & Rocha 2020 Oliveira-Araujo, Correa-Filho & Sawaya 2010 Ortiz, Freitas, Rodrigues, Abegg & Franco 2017 Outeiral, Balestrin, Cappellari, Lema & Ferreira 2018 Pereira-Filho & Montingelli 2011 Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 Pires, Borges, Souza & Eterovick 2012 Pontes, Figueiredo, Pontes & Rocha 2008 Prudente, Melo Sarmento, Camara Costa, Moreira Dourado, Meireles dos Santos, Ferreira Lima, Dias Lima & Galatti 2020 Quintela, Medvedovsky, Ibarra, Neves & Figueiredo 2011 Ribeiro, Roberto, Sales, Avila & Almeida 2012 Roberto & Loebmann 2016 Rocha & Prudente 2010 Rocha & Sluys 2006 Rocha, Bergallo, Pombal, Geise, Sluys, Fernandes & Caramaschi 2004 Rodrigues, Maschio & Prudente 2016 Rojas-Padilla, Menezes, Dias, Argolo, Sole & Orrico 2020 Rufino 1998 Ruschi 1966 Salles & Silva-Soares 2010 Santos Dainesi, Abegg, Bernarde, Pena Correa, Caetano Machado, Oliveira Meneses & Sena Santos 2019 Santos, Oliveira & Tozetti 2012 Sao-Pedro & Pires 2009 Sawaya, Marques & Martins 2008 Sazima & Manzani 1995 Shibatta, Galves, Carmo, Lima, Lopes & Machado 2009 Silva 1993 Silva Cozer, Pereira-Ribeiro, Meirelles Linause, Colombo Ferreguetti, Godoy Bergallo & Rocha 2020 Silva Rodrigues & Prudente 2011 Silva, Cintra, Silva, Costa, Amaral-Souza, Pacheco & Goncalves 2009 Silva, Silva, Sena & Nascimento 2006 Silva-Soares, Ferreira, Salles & Rocha 2011 Sousa, Gomides, Hudson, Ribeiro & Novelli 2012 Sousa, Nascimento, Gomides, Rios, Hudson & Novelli 2010 Souza Filho & Oliveira 2015 Souza Filho & Verrastro 2012 Souza Palmuti, Cassimiro & Bertoluci 2009 Souza, Uetanabaro, Landgref-Filho, Piatti & Prado 2010 Souza-Costa, Mira-Mendes, Ribeiro Dias, Brito Silva, Argolo & Sole 2020 Souza-Filho, Plombon & Capela 2015 Spengler Waltrick & Menta Giasson 2021 Strussmann & Sazima 1993 Strussmann, Almeida-Prado, Uetanabaro & Ferreira 2000 Tonini, Carao, Pinto, Gasparini, Leite & Costa 2010 Uetanabaro, Souza, Filho, Beda & Brandao 2007 Vanzolini, Ramos-Costa & Vitt 1980 Vaz-Silva, Guimaraes-Guedes, Azevedo-Silva, Gontijo, Barbosa, Aloisio & Oliveira 2007 Vechio, Recoder, Rodrigues & Zaher 2013 Vitt & Vangilder 1984 Vitt 1983 Williams & Vanzolini 1980 Winck, Santos & Cechin 2007 Yuki & Santos 1998 Zaher, Barbo, Martinez, Nogueira, Rodrigues & Sawaya 2011   Erythrolamprus pygmaeus Amazon Dwarf Forest Snake Avila-Pires 2005 Bernarde, Machado & Turci 2011 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Debien, Waldez & Menin 2019 Fernandes, Franco & Germano 1999 Kawashita-Ribeiro, Carvalho, Lima, Avila & Fraga 2011 Martins & Oliveira 1999 Nogueira, Argolo, Arzamendia, Azevedo, Barbo, Bernils, Bolochio, Borges-Martins, Brasil-Godinho, Braz, Buononato, Cisneros-Heredia & Colli 2019 Vechio, Teixeira-Junior, Recoder, Sena, Souza & Rodrigues 2015   Erythrolamprus reginae Northern Royal Smooth Snake Albarelli & Santos-Costa 2010 Almeida-Gomes, Siqueira, Borges-Junior, Vrcibradic, Fusinatto & Rocha 2014 Almeida-Gomes, Siquiera, Borges-Junior, Vrcibradic, Fusinatto & Rocha 2014 Amaral 1949 Araujo & Almeida-Santos 2011 Argolo 2004 Ascenso, Costa & Prudente 2019 Avila-Pires 2005 Avila-Pires, Hoogmoed & Rocha 2010 Avila-Pires, Vitt, Sartorius & Zani 2009 Bernarde & Abe 2006 Bernarde & Abe 2010 Bernarde, Albuquerque, Barros & Turci 2012 Bernarde, Albuquerque, Miranda & Turci 2013 Bernarde, Machado & Turci 2011 Bernardo, Guerra-Fuentes, Matiazzi & Zaher 2012 Carvalho & Nogueira 1998 Carvalho, Silva, Ferreira, Souza & Santana 2018 Carvalho, Souza Alencar & Carvalho-Vilar 2007 Castro, Mangia, Medeiros Magalhaes, Roehr, Camurugi, Silveira Filho, Silva, Andrade-Oliveira, Sousa, Rodrigues Franca, Harris, Garda & Borges-Nojosa 2019 Cintra, Silva & Silva 2009 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Cunha, Nascimento & Avila-Pires 1985 [as oligolepis] Debien, Waldez & Menin 2019 Dias-Lima 2008 Dixon 1989 Entiauspe-Neto, Abegg, Koch, Nunez, Azevedo, Moraes, Tiutenko, Bialves & Loebmann 2021 Ferrao, Filho & Silva 2012 Ferreira, Terra, Piatti, Delatorre, Strussmann, Beda, Kawashita-Ribeiro, Landgref-Filho, Aoki, Campos, Souza, Avila, Duleba, Martins, Rita & Albuquerque 2017 Fiorillo, Maciel & Martins 2021 Franca & Araujo 2006 Franca & Silva Braz 2013 Freiberg 1982 Freitas 2014 Freitas, Mendes Venancio, Abegg, Santos Azevedo, Oliveira Pereira, Pinheiro Zanotti, Veloso, Schwarzbach, Oliveira e Sousa, Cruz-da-Silva, Goncalves de Amorim & Barbosa de Moura 2020 Frota, Santos, Chaldikis & Guedes 2005 Guedes, Nogueira & Marques 2014 Hamdan & Lira-da-Silva 2012 Hoge, Romano & Cordeiro 1978 Lima-Verde & Cascon 1990 Loebmann & Haddad 2010 Marques, Mebert, Fonseca, Roedder, Sole & Tinoco 2016 Marques, Pereira, Barbo, Germano & Sawaya 2009 Marques, Roedder, Sole & Tinoco 2017 Marques, Tinoco, Roedder & Browne-Ribeiro 2013 Martins & Oliveira 1999 Maschio, Santos-Costa & Prudente 2016 Mendes-Pinto & Souza 2011 Muller 1976 Nascimento, Avila Pires & Cunha 1988 Nascimento, Avila-Pires, Santos & Lima 1991 Nogueira, Argolo, Arzamendia, Azevedo, Barbo, Bernils, Bolochio, Borges-Martins, Brasil-Godinho, Braz, Buononato, Cisneros-Heredia & Colli 2019 Oliveira, Gonzalez, Passos, Vrcibradic & Rocha 2020 Oliveira, Santos, Lopes-Silva, Vasconcelos Barros, Risse-Quaioto, Militao, Fatorelli, Belmoch, Marcial de Castro & Rocha 2020 Oliveira-Araujo, Correa-Filho & Sawaya 2010 Pinheiro, Abe, Bitar, Albarelli & Santos-Costa 2015 Protazio, Protazio, Silva, Conceicao, Braga, Santos, Ribeiro, Almeida, Gama, Vieira & Silva 2021 Prudente, Maschio, Santos-Costa & Feitosa 2010 Prudente, Melo Sarmento, Camara Costa, Moreira Dourado, Meireles dos Santos, Ferreira Lima, Dias Lima & Galatti 2020 Ribeiro, Roberto, Sales, Avila & Almeida 2012 Roberto & Loebmann 2016 Rocha, Bergallo, Pombal, Geise, Sluys, Fernandes & Caramaschi 2004 Rodrigues, Maschio & Prudente 2016 Rodrigues-Franca & Mendes Venancio 2010 Rojas-Padilla, Menezes, Dias, Argolo, Sole & Orrico 2020 Salles & Silva-Soares 2010 Salles, Weber & Silva-Soares 2010 Santos-Costa, Maschio & Prudente 2015 Sazima & Manzani 1995 Silva 1993 Silva Cozer, Pereira-Ribeiro, Meirelles Linause, Colombo Ferreguetti, Godoy Bergallo & Rocha 2020 Silva, Cintra, Silva, Costa, Amaral-Souza, Pacheco & Goncalves 2009 Silva, Menks, Prudente, Costa, Travassos & Galatti 2011 Silva, Silva, Sena & Nascimento 2006 Silva, Souza & Bernarde 2010 Strussmann & Sazima 1993 Tavares, Melo, Campos, Oda & Strussmann 2012 Tonini, Carao, Pinto, Gasparini, Leite & Costa 2010 Torres-Carvajal & Hinojosa 2020 Turci & Bernarde 2008 Turci & Bernarde 2009 Vaz-Silva, Guimaraes-Guedes, Azevedo-Silva, Gontijo, Barbosa, Aloisio & Oliveira 2007 Vechio, Recoder, Rodrigues & Zaher 2013 Vrcibradic, Rocha, Kiefer, Hatano, Fontes, Almeida-Gomes, Siqueira, Pontes, Borges-Junior, Gil, Klaion, Rubiao & Sluys 2011 Williams & Vanzolini 1980 Yuki & Santos 1998 Zaher, Barbo, Martinez, Nogueira, Rodrigues & Sawaya 2011   * Erythrolamprus rochai Amapa Mock Coral Snake Ascenso, Costa & Prudente 2019 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Entiauspe-Neto, Abegg, Koch, Nunez, Azevedo, Moraes, Tiutenko, Bialves & Loebmann 2021 Nogueira, Argolo, Arzamendia, Azevedo, Barbo, Bernils, Bolochio, Borges-Martins, Brasil-Godinho, Braz, Buononato, Cisneros-Heredia & Colli 2019 Prudente, Melo Sarmento, Camara Costa, Moreira Dourado, Meireles dos Santos, Ferreira Lima, Dias Lima & Galatti 2020   Erythrolamprus semiaureus Golden Smooth Snake Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Dixon 1983 Dixon 1989 Franca, Franca, Roedder & Sole 2022 Giraudo & Scrocchi 2002 Giraudo, Arzamendia & Cacciali 2006 Lema 1994 Nogueira, Argolo, Arzamendia, Azevedo, Barbo, Bernils, Bolochio, Borges-Martins, Brasil-Godinho, Braz, Buononato, Cisneros-Heredia & Colli 2019 Outeiral, Balestrin, Cappellari, Lema & Ferreira 2018 Santos, Oliveira & Tozetti 2012 Souza Filho & Verrastro 2012   Erythrolamprus taeniogaster Banded Smooth Snake Ascenso, Costa & Prudente 2019 Bernarde, Albuquerque, Barros & Turci 2012 Bernarde, Albuquerque, Miranda & Turci 2013 Bernarde, Machado & Turci 2011 Bernardo, Guerra-Fuentes, Matiazzi & Zaher 2012 Borges-Leite, Rodrigues & Borges-Nojosa 2014 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Dixon 1989 Duellman 2005 Ferreira, Terra, Piatti, Delatorre, Strussmann, Beda, Kawashita-Ribeiro, Landgref-Filho, Aoki, Campos, Souza, Avila, Duleba, Martins, Rita & Albuquerque 2017 Fonseca, Silva, Abegg, Rosa & Bernarde 2019 Franca & Silva-Bezerra 2010 Franca, Germano & Franca 2012 Freitas 2014 Frota & Santos 2003 Frota 2001 Frota, Santos, Chaldikis & Guedes 2005 Guedes, Nogueira & Marques 2014 Hamdan & Lira-da-Silva 2012 Holanda, Goncalves Pereira & Bernhard 2022 Loebmann & Haddad 2010 Marques, Mebert, Fonseca, Roedder, Sole & Tinoco 2016 Marques, Roedder, Sole & Tinoco 2017 Mesquita, Alves, Pedro, Laranjeiras, Caldas, Pedrosa, Rodrigues, Drummond, Cavalcanti, Wachlevski, Nogueira-Costa, Franca & Franca 2018 Miranda, Costa & Rocha 2012 Nogueira, Argolo, Arzamendia, Azevedo, Barbo, Bernils, Bolochio, Borges-Martins, Brasil-Godinho, Braz, Buononato, Cisneros-Heredia & Colli 2019 Oliveira Lima, Andrade, Lima da Silva & Reis Dias 2022 Pinheiro, Abe, Bitar, Albarelli & Santos-Costa 2015 Prudente, Melo Sarmento, Camara Costa, Moreira Dourado, Meireles dos Santos, Ferreira Lima, Dias Lima & Galatti 2020 Ribeiro, Roberto, Sales, Avila & Almeida 2012 Roberto & Loebmann 2016 Rodrigues, Gama, Filho & Franca 2015 Rodrigues, Maschio & Prudente 2016 Rojas-Padilla, Menezes, Dias, Argolo, Sole & Orrico 2020 Sampaio, Santos, Franca, Pedrosa, Sole & Franca 2018 Santos-Costa, Maschio & Prudente 2015 Vechio, Recoder, Rodrigues & Zaher 2013   Erythrolamprus trebbaui Bolivar Smooth Snake Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Nogueira, Argolo, Arzamendia, Azevedo, Barbo, Bernils, Bolochio, Borges-Martins, Brasil-Godinho, Braz, Buononato, Cisneros-Heredia & Colli 2019   Erythrolamprus typhlus Velvety Smooth Snake Amaral 1949 Ascenso, Costa & Prudente 2019 Avila-Pires 2005 Avila-Pires, Hoogmoed & Rocha 2010 Avila-Pires, Vitt, Sartorius & Zani 2009 Barbo 2008 Barbo, Marques & Sawaya 2011 Bernarde, Albuquerque, Barros & Turci 2012 Bernarde, Machado & Turci 2011 Boettger 1905 Carvalho, Silva, Ferreira, Souza & Santana 2018 Condez, Sawaya & Dixo 2009 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Costa, Pantoja, Pontes & Feio 2010 Cruz-Forlani, Bernardo, Haddad & Zaher 2010 Dias-Lima 2008 Dixon 1987 Dixon 1989 Ferreira, Terra, Piatti, Delatorre, Strussmann, Beda, Kawashita-Ribeiro, Landgref-Filho, Aoki, Campos, Souza, Avila, Duleba, Martins, Rita & Albuquerque 2017 Franca, Franca, Roedder & Sole 2022 Frota, Santos, Chaldikis & Guedes 2005 Hamdan & Lira-da-Silva 2012 Lema 1994 Marques, Pereira, Barbo, Germano & Sawaya 2009 Martins & Oliveira 1999 Maschio, Santos-Costa & Prudente 2016 Nascimento, Avila-Pires & Cunha 1987 Nogueira, Argolo, Arzamendia, Azevedo, Barbo, Bernils, Bolochio, Borges-Martins, Brasil-Godinho, Braz, Buononato, Cisneros-Heredia & Colli 2019 Oliveira, Gonzalez, Passos, Vrcibradic & Rocha 2020 Ortiz, Freitas, Rodrigues, Abegg & Franco 2017 Prudente, Maschio, Santos-Costa & Feitosa 2010 Prudente, Melo Sarmento, Camara Costa, Moreira Dourado, Meireles dos Santos, Ferreira Lima, Dias Lima & Galatti 2020 Rocha, Bergallo, Pombal, Geise, Sluys, Fernandes & Caramaschi 2004 Rodrigues, Maschio & Prudente 2016 Rodrigues-Franca & Mendes Venancio 2010 Santos Azevedo, Oliveira & Costa 2021 Silva 1993 Silva, Menks, Prudente, Costa, Travassos & Galatti 2011 Silva, Souza & Bernarde 2010 Sousa, Gomides, Hudson, Ribeiro & Novelli 2012 Sousa, Nascimento, Gomides, Rios, Hudson & Novelli 2010 Souza, Uetanabaro, Landgref-Filho, Piatti & Prado 2010 Strussmann, Almeida-Prado, Uetanabaro & Ferreira 2000 Torres-Carvajal & Hinojosa 2020 Varela Rios, Novelli, Hudson, Cozendey, Lima & Sousa 2017 Waldez, Menin & Vogt 2013 Zaher, Barbo, Martinez, Nogueira, Rodrigues & Sawaya 2011   * Erythrolamprus viridis Brazilian Green Smooth Snake Alves Benicio, Mesquita, Cavalcante & Fonseca 2015 Argolo 2004 Cordeiro & Hoge 1973 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Costa, Laranjeiras, Caldas, Santana, Silva, Alcantara, Brito, Galdino, Mesquita, Faria, Franca, Avila & Garda 2018 Dixon 1987 Dixon 1989 Freitas 2014 Freitas, Abegg, Ribeiro Dias & Figueiredo Moraes 2018 Freitas, Abegg, Silva Araujo, Almeida Coelho, Santos Azevedo, Frazao Chaves & Barbosa de Moura 2019 Freitas, Colli, Entiauspe-Neto, Trinchao, Araujo, Oliveira Lima, Franca, Gaiga & Dias 2016 Freitas, Santos Silva, Mendes Fonseca, Hamdan, Filadelfo & Abegg 2019 Freitas, Verissimo & Uhlig 2012 Guedes, Nogueira & Marques 2014 Hamdan & Lira-da-Silva 2012 Lima-Verde & Cascon 1990 Loebmann & Haddad 2010 Marques, Mebert, Fonseca, Roedder, Sole & Tinoco 2016 Marques, Roedder, Sole & Tinoco 2017 Mesquita, Passos, Borges-Nojosa & Cechin 2013 Nascimento Barbosa, Silva Amaral, Gusmao, Lira Lima, Melo Souza, Silva Aguiar, Maranhao dos Santos 2020 Nogueira, Argolo, Arzamendia, Azevedo, Barbo, Bernils, Bolochio, Borges-Martins, Brasil-Godinho, Braz, Buononato, Cisneros-Heredia & Colli 2019 Oliveira Lima, Andrade, Lima da Silva & Reis Dias 2022 Oliveira, Araujo, Oliveira & Avila 2021 Oliveira, Muniz & Moura 2016 Pereira-Filho & Montingelli 2011 Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 Ribeiro, Roberto, Sales, Avila & Almeida 2012 Roberto & Loebmann 2016 Rocha & Prudente 2010 Sales, Lisboa & Freire 2009 Santos Caldas, Borges Costa, Laranjeiras, Oliveira Mesquita & Garda 2016 Silva Rodrigues & Prudente 2011 Silva, Rocha & Nogueira-Paranhos 2016 Silva, Silva, Sena & Nascimento 2006 Vanzolini, Ramos-Costa & Vitt 1980 Vechio, Teixeira Junior, Recoder, Rodrigues & Zaher 2016 Vitt & Vangilder 1984 Vitt 1983 Walterman, Moraes-da-Silva & Curcio 2021 Genus Eutrachelophis (Beautiful-necked Smooth Snakes)   * Eutrachelophis papilio Butterfly Smooth Snake Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Zaher & Prudente 2019 Genus Gomesophis (Brazilian Burrowing Snake)   * Gomesophis brasiliensis Brazilian Burrowing Snake Bernils, Batista & Bertelli 2001 Castellari-Gonzalez, Prudente & Franco 2014 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Fortes, Lucas & Caldart 2010 Franca & Araujo 2006 Ghizoni, Kunz, Cherem & Bernils 2009 Lema 1994 Marques, Pereira, Barbo, Germano & Sawaya 2009 Menezes, Abegg, Silva, Franco & Feio 2018 Menezes, Fiorillo, Franco & Feio 2017 Nogueira, Argolo, Arzamendia, Azevedo, Barbo, Bernils, Bolochio, Borges-Martins, Brasil-Godinho, Braz, Buononato, Cisneros-Heredia & Colli 2019 Outeiral, Balestrin, Cappellari, Lema & Ferreira 2018 Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 Prudente & Brandao 1998 Spengler Waltrick & Menta Giasson 2021 Zaher, Barbo, Martinez, Nogueira, Rodrigues & Sawaya 2011 Genus Helicops (South American Keelbacks)   * Helicops acangussu # Keelback Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Moraes-da-Silva, Walterman, Citelic, Nunesa & Curcio 2021   Helicops angulatus Brown-banded Keelback Abrahao-Morato, Lima, Pries Staut, Faria, Souza-Alves, Feitosa Gouveia, Cavilha Scupino, Gomes & Silva 2011 Amaral 1949 Avila & Kawashita-Ribeiro 2011 Avila-Pires 2005 Avila-Pires, Hoogmoed & Rocha 2010 Avila-Pires, Vitt, Sartorius & Zani 2009 Bernarde & Abe 2006 Bernarde, Albuquerque, Barros & Turci 2012 Bernarde, Albuquerque, Miranda & Turci 2013 Bernarde, Machado & Turci 2011 Borges-Nojosa, Dourado de Mesquita & Fernandes-Ferreira 2008 Cope 1868 Cordeiro & Hoge 1973 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Costa-Campos, Ribeiro Sanches, Pedroso-Santos, Figueiredo, Tavares-Pinheiro & Almeida-Santos 2021 Cunha, Nascimento & Avila-Pires 1985 Debien, Waldez & Menin 2019 Dias-Lima 2008 Ferrao, Filho & Silva 2012 Ferreira, Terra, Piatti, Delatorre, Strussmann, Beda, Kawashita-Ribeiro, Landgref-Filho, Aoki, Campos, Souza, Avila, Duleba, Martins, Rita & Albuquerque 2017 Fonseca, Silva, Abegg, Rosa & Bernarde 2019 Franca & Araujo 2006 Franca & Silva Braz 2013 Franca, Freitas, Ramalho & Bernarde 2017 Franca, Germano & Franca 2012 Freitas 2014 Freitas, Mendes Venancio, Abegg, Santos Azevedo, Oliveira Pereira, Pinheiro Zanotti, Veloso, Schwarzbach, Oliveira e Sousa, Cruz-da-Silva, Goncalves de Amorim & Barbosa de Moura 2020 Freitas, Vieira, Entiauspe-Neto, Oliveira-e-Sousa, Farias, Sousa & Moura 2017 Frota 2005 Frota, Santos, Chaldikis & Guedes 2005 Guedes, Nogueira & Marques 2014 Hamdan & Lira-da-Silva 2012 Hoge, Romano & Cordeiro 1978 Kawashita-Ribeiro, Avila & Morais 2013 Leao & Brandao 2012 Lopes Santos, Pereira de Andrade, Victor-Junior & Vaz-Silva 2014 Marques, Mebert, Fonseca, Roedder, Sole & Tinoco 2016 Marques, Roedder, Sole & Tinoco 2017 Martins & Oliveira 1999 Maschio, Santos-Costa & Prudente 2016 Mendes-Pinto & Souza 2011 Mesquita, Alves, Pedro, Laranjeiras, Caldas, Pedrosa, Rodrigues, Drummond, Cavalcanti, Wachlevski, Nogueira-Costa, Franca & Franca 2018 Miranda, Costa & Rocha 2012 Miranda, Venancio & Albuquerque 2014 Moraes-da-Silva, Amaro, Sales Nunes, Rodrigues & Curcio 2021 Moraes-da-Silva, Amaro, Sales Nunes, Strussmann, Teixeira, Andrade, Sudre, Recoder, Rodrigues & Curcio 2019 Nascimento Barbosa, Silva Amaral, Gusmao, Lira Lima, Melo Souza, Silva Aguiar, Maranhao dos Santos 2020 Nogueira, Argolo, Arzamendia, Azevedo, Barbo, Bernils, Bolochio, Borges-Martins, Brasil-Godinho, Braz, Buononato, Cisneros-Heredia & Colli 2019 Oliveira Lima, Andrade, Lima da Silva & Reis Dias 2022 Oliveira, Ruz & Barros 2013 O'Shea 1990 Pantoja & Fraga 2012 Pinheiro, Abe, Bitar, Albarelli & Santos-Costa 2015 Prudente, Maschio, Santos-Costa & Feitosa 2010 Prudente, Melo Sarmento, Camara Costa, Moreira Dourado, Meireles dos Santos, Ferreira Lima, Dias Lima & Galatti 2020 Ribeiro, Roberto, Sales, Avila & Almeida 2012 Roberto & Loebmann 2016 Roberto, Ribeiro, Sousa-Delfino & Oliveira-Almeida 2009 Rodrigues, Maschio & Prudente 2016 Rodrigues-Franca & Mendes Venancio 2010 Sampaio, Santos, Franca, Pedrosa, Sole & Franca 2018 Santana, Vieira, Pereira-Filho, Delfim, Lima & Vieira 2008 Santos Azevedo, Oliveira & Costa 2021 Santos-Costa, Maschio & Prudente 2015 Silva, Cintra, Silva, Costa, Amaral-Souza, Pacheco & Goncalves 2009 Silva, Menks, Prudente, Costa, Travassos & Galatti 2011 Silva, Rocha & Nogueira-Paranhos 2016 Silva, Silva, Sena & Nascimento 2006 Silva, Souza & Bernarde 2010 Tavares, Melo, Campos, Oda & Strussmann 2012 Vaz-Silva, Guimaraes-Guedes, Azevedo-Silva, Gontijo, Barbosa, Aloisio & Oliveira 2007 Vechio, Recoder, Rodrigues & Zaher 2013 Waldez, Menin & Vogt 2013 Yuki & Santos 1998   * Helicops apiaka Apiaka Keelback Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Kawashita-Ribeiro, Avila & Morais 2013 Moraes-da-Silva, Amaro, Sales Nunes, Rodrigues & Curcio 2021 Moraes-da-Silva, Amaro, Sales Nunes, Strussmann, Teixeira, Andrade, Sudre, Recoder, Rodrigues & Curcio 2019 Nogueira, Argolo, Arzamendia, Azevedo, Barbo, Bernils, Bolochio, Borges-Martins, Brasil-Godinho, Braz, Buononato, Cisneros-Heredia & Colli 2019   * Helicops boitata Pocone Keelback Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Moraes-da-Silva, Amaro, Sales Nunes, Rodrigues & Curcio 2021 Moraes-da-Silva, Amaro, Sales Nunes, Strussmann, Teixeira, Andrade, Sudre, Recoder, Rodrigues & Curcio 2019 Nogueira, Argolo, Arzamendia, Azevedo, Barbo, Bernils, Bolochio, Borges-Martins, Brasil-Godinho, Braz, Buononato, Cisneros-Heredia & Colli 2019   * Helicops carinicaudus Keel-tailed Keelback Abrahao-Morato 2005 Almeida-Gomes, Siqueira, Borges-Junior, Vrcibradic, Fusinatto & Rocha 2014 Almeida-Gomes, Siquiera, Borges-Junior, Vrcibradic, Fusinatto & Rocha 2014 Araujo & Almeida-Santos 2011 Barbo 2008 Barbo, Marques & Sawaya 2011 Bernils, Batista & Bertelli 2001 Castro & Teixeira 2007 Cavalheri, Siqueira, Brasil-Godinho, Fadel, Trevine, Sartori & Santana 2021 Cicchi, Sena, Peccinini-Seale & Duarte 2007 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Fiorillo, Silva, Menezes, Marques & Martins 2020 Franca, Franca, Roedder & Sole 2022 Gutsche, Kwet, Kucharzewski & Hallermann 2007 Hartmann, Hartmann & Martins 2009 Hartmann, Hartmann & Martins 2011 Hoogmoed 1997 Kawashita-Ribeiro, Avila & Morais 2013 Kunz & Ghizoni 2009 Kunz, Ghizoni, Santos & Hartmann 2007 Lema 1994 Marques, Pereira, Barbo, Germano & Sawaya 2009 Marquez & Sazima 2004 Moraes-da-Silva, Amaro, Sales Nunes, Rodrigues & Curcio 2021 Moraes-da-Silva, Amaro, Sales Nunes, Strussmann, Teixeira, Andrade, Sudre, Recoder, Rodrigues & Curcio 2019 Nogueira, Argolo, Arzamendia, Azevedo, Barbo, Bernils, Bolochio, Borges-Martins, Brasil-Godinho, Braz, Buononato, Cisneros-Heredia & Colli 2019 Oliveira, Gonzalez, Passos, Vrcibradic & Rocha 2020 Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 Pontes, Figueiredo, Pontes & Rocha 2008 Rocha, Bergallo, Pombal, Geise, Sluys, Fernandes & Caramaschi 2004 Salles & Silva-Soares 2010 Silva-Soares, Ferreira, Salles & Rocha 2011 Spengler Waltrick & Menta Giasson 2021 Vrcibradic, Rocha, Kiefer, Hatano, Fontes, Almeida-Gomes, Siqueira, Pontes, Borges-Junior, Gil, Klaion, Rubiao & Sluys 2011 Zaher, Barbo, Martinez, Nogueira, Rodrigues & Sawaya 2011   * Helicops cyclops Bahia Keelback Cope 1869   * Helicops gomesi Sao Paulo Keelback Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Kawashita-Ribeiro, Avila & Morais 2013 Moraes-da-Silva, Amaro, Sales Nunes, Rodrigues & Curcio 2021 Moraes-da-Silva, Amaro, Sales Nunes, Strussmann, Teixeira, Andrade, Sudre, Recoder, Rodrigues & Curcio 2019 Nogueira, Argolo, Arzamendia, Azevedo, Barbo, Bernils, Bolochio, Borges-Martins, Brasil-Godinho, Braz, Buononato, Cisneros-Heredia & Colli 2019 Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 Silveira, Prudente, Argolo, Abrahao, Nogueira, Strussmann, Loebmann, Barbo, Franco, Costa, Moura, Zaher, Borges-Martins, Martins, Oliveira, Hoogmoed, Marques, Passos, Bernils, Kawashita-Ribeiro, Sawaya & Costa 2019 Valdujo & Nogueira 2001 Zaher, Barbo, Martinez, Nogueira, Rodrigues & Sawaya 2011   Helicops hagmanni Amazonian Keelback Amaral 1949 Avila-Pires 2005 Avila-Pires, Vitt, Sartorius & Zani 2009 Bernarde, Albuquerque, Barros & Turci 2012 Bernarde, Albuquerque, Miranda & Turci 2013 Carvalho, Souza Alencar & Carvalho-Vilar 2007 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Frota 2005 Frota, Santos, Chaldikis & Guedes 2005 Kawashita-Ribeiro, Avila & Morais 2013 Martins & Oliveira 1999 Moraes-da-Silva, Amaro, Sales Nunes, Rodrigues & Curcio 2021 Moraes-da-Silva, Amaro, Sales Nunes, Strussmann, Teixeira, Andrade, Sudre, Recoder, Rodrigues & Curcio 2019 Muller 1976 Nogueira, Argolo, Arzamendia, Azevedo, Barbo, Bernils, Bolochio, Borges-Martins, Brasil-Godinho, Braz, Buononato, Cisneros-Heredia & Colli 2019 Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 Prudente, Melo Sarmento, Camara Costa, Moreira Dourado, Meireles dos Santos, Ferreira Lima, Dias Lima & Galatti 2020 Rodrigues, Maschio & Prudente 2016 Rossman 1975 Roux 1910 Silva 1993 Silva, Menks, Prudente, Costa, Travassos & Galatti 2011 Silva, Souza & Bernarde 2010   Helicops infrataeniatus Surinam Keelback Araujo & Almeida-Santos 2011 Bernils, Batista & Bertelli 2001 Boettger 1905 [as pictiventris] Carvalho, Silva, Ferreira, Souza & Santana 2018 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Entiauspe-Neto, Perleberg & Freitas 2016 Ferreira, Terra, Piatti, Delatorre, Strussmann, Beda, Kawashita-Ribeiro, Landgref-Filho, Aoki, Campos, Souza, Avila, Duleba, Martins, Rita & Albuquerque 2017 Franca, Franca, Roedder & Sole 2022 Giraudo & Scrocchi 2002 Kawashita-Ribeiro, Avila & Morais 2013 Kunz & Ghizoni 2009 Landgref-Filho & Aoki 2011 Lema 1994 Moraes-da-Silva, Amaro, Sales Nunes, Rodrigues & Curcio 2021 Moraes-da-Silva, Amaro, Sales Nunes, Strussmann, Teixeira, Andrade, Sudre, Recoder, Rodrigues & Curcio 2019 Nogueira, Argolo, Arzamendia, Azevedo, Barbo, Bernils, Bolochio, Borges-Martins, Brasil-Godinho, Braz, Buononato, Cisneros-Heredia & Colli 2019 Outeiral, Balestrin, Cappellari, Lema & Ferreira 2018 Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 [as pictiventris] Quintela, Medvedovsky, Ibarra, Neves & Figueiredo 2011 Santos Dainesi, Abegg, Bernarde, Pena Correa, Caetano Machado, Oliveira Meneses & Sena Santos 2019 Santos, Oliveira & Tozetti 2012 Souza Filho & Verrastro 2012 Souza-Filho, Plombon & Capela 2015 Spengler Waltrick & Menta Giasson 2021 Zaher, Barbo, Martinez, Nogueira, Rodrigues & Sawaya 2011   Helicops leopardinus Leopard Keelback Amaral 1949 Araujo, Ribeiro, Andrade, Pereira, Guzzi & Avila 2020 Avila, Ferreira & Arruda 2006 Avila-Pires 2005 Bernarde, Albuquerque, Barros & Turci 2012 Borges-Leite, Rodrigues & Borges-Nojosa 2014 Campos Nogueira 2001 Carvalho & Nogueira 1998 Carvalho, Silva, Ferreira, Souza & Santana 2018 Cordeiro & Hoge 1973 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Costa, Santana, Leal, Koroiva & Garcia 2016 Ferreira, Terra, Piatti, Delatorre, Strussmann, Beda, Kawashita-Ribeiro, Landgref-Filho, Aoki, Campos, Souza, Avila, Duleba, Martins, Rita & Albuquerque 2017 Franca & Araujo 2006 Freitas 2014 Frota 2005 Frota, Santos, Chaldikis & Guedes 2005 Guedes, Nogueira & Marques 2014 Hamdan & Lira-da-Silva 2012 Hoge, Russo, Santos & Furtado 1981 Kawashita-Ribeiro, Avila & Morais 2013 Lima-Verde & Cascon 1990 Lira da Silva, Casais e Silva, Queiroz & Nunes 1995 Madella-Auricchio, Auricchio & Soares 2017 Marques, Mebert, Fonseca, Roedder, Sole & Tinoco 2016 Marques, Roedder, Sole & Tinoco 2017 Moraes-da-Silva, Amaro, Sales Nunes, Rodrigues & Curcio 2021 Moraes-da-Silva, Amaro, Sales Nunes, Strussmann, Teixeira, Andrade, Sudre, Recoder, Rodrigues & Curcio 2019 Nascimento, Avila-Pires, Santos & Lima 1991 Nogueira, Argolo, Arzamendia, Azevedo, Barbo, Bernils, Bolochio, Borges-Martins, Brasil-Godinho, Braz, Buononato, Cisneros-Heredia & Colli 2019 Oliveira Lima, Andrade, Lima da Silva & Reis Dias 2022 Pedroso Santos, Ribeiro Sanches & Costa-Campos 2019 Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 Protazio, Protazio, Silva, Conceicao, Braga, Santos, Ribeiro, Almeida, Gama, Vieira & Silva 2021 Prudente, Melo Sarmento, Camara Costa, Moreira Dourado, Meireles dos Santos, Ferreira Lima, Dias Lima & Galatti 2020 Recoder, Junior, Camacho, Nunes, Mott, Valdujo, Ghellere, Nogueira & Rodrigues 2011 Ribeiro, Roberto, Sales, Avila & Almeida 2012 Roberto & Loebmann 2016 Rodrigues, Maschio & Prudente 2016 Silva, Oliveira, Morais, Kawashita-Ribeiro, Brito & Avila 2015 [as "cf. leopardinus"] Silva, Silva, Sena & Nascimento 2006 Souza, Uetanabaro, Landgref-Filho, Piatti & Prado 2010 Strussmann & Sazima 1993 Strussmann, Almeida-Prado, Uetanabaro & Ferreira 2000 Vanzolini, Ramos-Costa & Vitt 1980 Yuki & Santos 1998   * Helicops modestus Brazilian Olive Keelback Barbo 2008 Barbo, Marques & Sawaya 2011 Campos Nogueira 2001 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Ferreira, Terra, Piatti, Delatorre, Strussmann, Beda, Kawashita-Ribeiro, Landgref-Filho, Aoki, Campos, Souza, Avila, Duleba, Martins, Rita & Albuquerque 2017 Franca & Araujo 2006 Freitas & Silva 2011 Frota 2005 Guedes, Nogueira & Marques 2014 Hamdan & Lira-da-Silva 2012 Kawashita-Ribeiro, Avila & Morais 2013 Lopes Santos, Pereira de Andrade, Victor-Junior & Vaz-Silva 2014 Marques, Pereira, Barbo, Germano & Sawaya 2009 Moraes-da-Silva, Amaro, Sales Nunes, Rodrigues & Curcio 2021 Moraes-da-Silva, Amaro, Sales Nunes, Strussmann, Teixeira, Andrade, Sudre, Recoder, Rodrigues & Curcio 2019 Nogueira, Argolo, Arzamendia, Azevedo, Barbo, Bernils, Bolochio, Borges-Martins, Brasil-Godinho, Braz, Buononato, Cisneros-Heredia & Colli 2019 Oliveira Neves, Yves, Almeida Pereira, Alves, Bonfim Vasques, Teixeira Coelho & Santos Silva 2019 Ortiz, Freitas, Rodrigues, Abegg & Franco 2017 Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 Pires, Borges, Souza & Eterovick 2012 Reinhardt 1866 Santos Dainesi, Abegg, Bernarde, Pena Correa, Caetano Machado, Oliveira Meneses & Sena Santos 2019 Sawaya, Marques & Martins 2008 Sazima & Manzani 1995 Shibatta, Galves, Carmo, Lima, Lopes & Machado 2009 Silva, Cintra, Silva, Costa, Amaral-Souza, Pacheco & Goncalves 2009 Trevine, Forlani, Haddad & Zaher 2014 Vaz-Silva, Guimaraes-Guedes, Azevedo-Silva, Gontijo, Barbosa, Aloisio & Oliveira 2007 Zaher, Barbo, Martinez, Nogueira, Rodrigues & Sawaya 2011   * Helicops nentur Minas Gerais Keelback Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Costa, Santana, Leal, Koroiva & Garcia 2016 Moraes-da-Silva, Amaro, Sales Nunes, Rodrigues & Curcio 2021 Moraes-da-Silva, Amaro, Sales Nunes, Strussmann, Teixeira, Andrade, Sudre, Recoder, Rodrigues & Curcio 2019 Nogueira, Argolo, Arzamendia, Azevedo, Barbo, Bernils, Bolochio, Borges-Martins, Brasil-Godinho, Braz, Buononato, Cisneros-Heredia & Colli 2019   * Helicops phantasma Phantom Keelback Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Moraes-da-Silva, Amaro, Sales Nunes, Rodrigues & Curcio 2021   Helicops polylepis South American Many-scaled Keelback Amaral 1949 Bernarde, Albuquerque, Barros & Turci 2012 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Ferreira, Terra, Piatti, Delatorre, Strussmann, Beda, Kawashita-Ribeiro, Landgref-Filho, Aoki, Campos, Souza, Avila, Duleba, Martins, Rita & Albuquerque 2017 Frota 2005 Frota, Santos, Chaldikis & Guedes 2005 Kawashita-Ribeiro, Avila & Morais 2013 Moraes-da-Silva, Amaro, Sales Nunes, Rodrigues & Curcio 2021 Moraes-da-Silva, Amaro, Sales Nunes, Strussmann, Teixeira, Andrade, Sudre, Recoder, Rodrigues & Curcio 2019 Nascimento, Avila-Pires, Santos & Lima 1991 Nogueira, Argolo, Arzamendia, Azevedo, Barbo, Bernils, Bolochio, Borges-Martins, Brasil-Godinho, Braz, Buononato, Cisneros-Heredia & Colli 2019 Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 Prudente, Melo Sarmento, Camara Costa, Moreira Dourado, Meireles dos Santos, Ferreira Lima, Dias Lima & Galatti 2020 Rodrigues, Maschio & Prudente 2016 Rodrigues-Franca & Mendes Venancio 2010 Santos-Costa, Maschio & Prudente 2015 Silva 1993 Silva, Menks, Prudente, Costa, Travassos & Galatti 2011 Silva, Souza & Bernarde 2010 Yuki & Santos 1998   * Helicops tapajonicus Tapajos River Keelback Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Frota 2005 Frota, Santos, Chaldikis & Guedes 2005 Kawashita-Ribeiro, Avila & Morais 2013 Moraes-da-Silva, Amaro, Sales Nunes, Rodrigues & Curcio 2021 Moraes-da-Silva, Amaro, Sales Nunes, Strussmann, Teixeira, Andrade, Sudre, Recoder, Rodrigues & Curcio 2019 Nogueira, Argolo, Arzamendia, Azevedo, Barbo, Bernils, Bolochio, Borges-Martins, Brasil-Godinho, Braz, Buononato, Cisneros-Heredia & Colli 2019   * Helicops trivittatus Three-striped Keelback Amaral 1949 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Frota 2005 Kawashita-Ribeiro, Avila & Morais 2013 Moraes-da-Silva, Amaro, Sales Nunes, Rodrigues & Curcio 2021 Moraes-da-Silva, Amaro, Sales Nunes, Strussmann, Teixeira, Andrade, Sudre, Recoder, Rodrigues & Curcio 2019 Nogueira, Argolo, Arzamendia, Azevedo, Barbo, Bernils, Bolochio, Borges-Martins, Brasil-Godinho, Braz, Buononato, Cisneros-Heredia & Colli 2019 Oliveira, Silva, Santos, Barriga, Gabriel & Costa-Campos 2015 Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 Prudente, Melo Sarmento, Camara Costa, Moreira Dourado, Meireles dos Santos, Ferreira Lima, Dias Lima & Galatti 2020 Rodrigues, Maschio & Prudente 2016 Santos-Costa, Maschio & Prudente 2015 Yuki & Santos 1998   Helicops yacu Loreto Keelback Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Nogueira, Argolo, Arzamendia, Azevedo, Barbo, Bernils, Bolochio, Borges-Martins, Brasil-Godinho, Braz, Buononato, Cisneros-Heredia & Colli 2019 Rossman & Abe 1979 Genus Hydrodynastes (False Water Cobras)   Hydrodynastes bicinctus Two-banded False Water Cobra Amaral 1949 Araujo & Almeida-Santos 2011 Avila-Pires 2005 Bernarde, Albuquerque, Barros & Turci 2012 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Ferreira, Terra, Piatti, Delatorre, Strussmann, Beda, Kawashita-Ribeiro, Landgref-Filho, Aoki, Campos, Souza, Avila, Duleba, Martins, Rita & Albuquerque 2017 Franco, Fernandes & Bentim 2007 Muller 1976 Nogueira, Argolo, Arzamendia, Azevedo, Barbo, Bernils, Bolochio, Borges-Martins, Brasil-Godinho, Braz, Buononato, Cisneros-Heredia & Colli 2019 Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 Prudente, Melo Sarmento, Camara Costa, Moreira Dourado, Meireles dos Santos, Ferreira Lima, Dias Lima & Galatti 2020 Silva & Franca e Souza 2002 Zaher, Barbo, Martinez, Nogueira, Rodrigues & Sawaya 2011   Hydrodynastes gigas Giant False Water Cobra Amaral 1949 Araujo, Ribeiro, Andrade, Pereira, Guzzi & Avila 2020 Avila-Pires 2005 Bernarde & Abe 2006 Bernarde & Moura-Leite 1999 Bernarde, Albuquerque, Barros & Turci 2012 Carvalho & Nogueira 1998 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Dias-Lima 2008 Ferreira, Terra, Piatti, Delatorre, Strussmann, Beda, Kawashita-Ribeiro, Landgref-Filho, Aoki, Campos, Souza, Avila, Duleba, Martins, Rita & Albuquerque 2017 Franco, Fernandes & Bentim 2007 Frota, Santos, Chaldikis & Guedes 2005 Lema 1994 Lema, Vieria & Araujo 1984 Miranda, Costa & Rocha 2012 Moura-Leite, Morato & Bernils 1996 Muller 1975 Nascimento, Avila-Pires, Santos & Lima 1991 Nogueira, Argolo, Arzamendia, Azevedo, Barbo, Bernils, Bolochio, Borges-Martins, Brasil-Godinho, Braz, Buononato, Cisneros-Heredia & Colli 2019 Oliveira Neves, Yves, Almeida Pereira, Alves, Bonfim Vasques, Teixeira Coelho & Santos Silva 2019 Pereira Ramalho, Fagundes Franca, Guerra, Marciano, Vale & Rodrigues Silva 2018 Pereira-Filho & Montingelli 2006 Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 Prudente, Melo Sarmento, Camara Costa, Moreira Dourado, Meireles dos Santos, Ferreira Lima, Dias Lima & Galatti 2020 Rodrigues, Maschio & Prudente 2016 Rodrigues-Franca & Mendes Venancio 2010 Sampaio, Santos, Franca, Pedrosa, Sole & Franca 2018 Santos-Costa, Maschio & Prudente 2015 Santos-Junior, Sales, Jorge & Freire 2020 Silva-Leite, Loebmann & Costa Silva 2009 Souza, Uetanabaro, Landgref-Filho, Piatti & Prado 2010 Strussmann & Sazima 1993 Tavares, Melo, Campos, Oda & Strussmann 2012 Vaz-Silva, Guimaraes-Guedes, Azevedo-Silva, Gontijo, Barbosa, Aloisio & Oliveira 2007 Waldez, Menin & Vogt 2013 Yuki & Santos 1998 Yuki, Galatti & Rocha 1999 Zaher, Barbo, Martinez, Nogueira, Rodrigues & Sawaya 2011   * Hydrodynastes melanogigas Black False Water Cobra Franco, Fernandes & Bentim 2007 Nogueira, Argolo, Arzamendia, Azevedo, Barbo, Bernils, Bolochio, Borges-Martins, Brasil-Godinho, Braz, Buononato, Cisneros-Heredia & Colli 2019 Santos-Junior, Adams, Buhler, Ribeiro & Carvalho 2017 Silva, Hamdan, Tonial, Silva & Cintra 2012 Genus Hydrops (South American Mud Snakes)   Hydrops caesurus Southern Mud Snake Albuquerque & Lema 2008 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Ferreira, Terra, Piatti, Delatorre, Strussmann, Beda, Kawashita-Ribeiro, Landgref-Filho, Aoki, Campos, Souza, Avila, Duleba, Martins, Rita & Albuquerque 2017 Nogueira, Argolo, Arzamendia, Azevedo, Barbo, Bernils, Bolochio, Borges-Martins, Brasil-Godinho, Braz, Buononato, Cisneros-Heredia & Colli 2019 Scrocchi, Ferreira, Giraudo, Avila & Motte 2005   Hydrops martii Coral Mud Snake Avila-Pires 2005 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Entiauspe-Neto, Abegg, Pinheiro, Borges & Loebmann 2017 Freitas, Vieira, Entiauspe-Neto, Oliveira-e-Sousa, Farias, Sousa & Moura 2017 Frota, Santos, Chaldikis & Guedes 2005 Gutsche, Kwet, Kucharzewski & Hallermann 2007 Maschio, Santos-Costa & Prudente 2016 Nogueira, Argolo, Arzamendia, Azevedo, Barbo, Bernils, Bolochio, Borges-Martins, Brasil-Godinho, Braz, Buononato, Cisneros-Heredia & Colli 2019 Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 Prudente, Maschio, Santos-Costa & Feitosa 2010 Rodrigues, Maschio & Prudente 2016 Roze 1957 Santos Azevedo, Oliveira & Costa 2021 Santos-Costa, Maschio & Prudente 2015 Scrocchi, Ferreira, Giraudo, Avila & Motte 2005 Silva, Souza & Bernarde 2010 Waldez, Menin & Vogt 2013   Hydrops triangularis Red-sided Mud Snake Albuquerque & Lema 2008 Albuquerque 2001 Amaral 1949 Avila-Pires 2005 Bernarde, Albuquerque, Barros & Turci 2012 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Dias-Lima 2008 Franca, Freitas, Ramalho & Bernarde 2017 Freitas, Mendes Venancio, Abegg, Santos Azevedo, Oliveira Pereira, Pinheiro Zanotti, Veloso, Schwarzbach, Oliveira e Sousa, Cruz-da-Silva, Goncalves de Amorim & Barbosa de Moura 2020 Frota, Santos, Chaldikis & Guedes 2005 Guedes, Nogueira & Marques 2014 Guimaraes-Guedes, Rodrigues-Maia & Yuki 2002 Maschio, Santos-Costa & Prudente 2016 Nogueira, Argolo, Arzamendia, Azevedo, Barbo, Bernils, Bolochio, Borges-Martins, Brasil-Godinho, Braz, Buononato, Cisneros-Heredia & Colli 2019 Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 Pinheiro, Abe, Bitar, Albarelli & Santos-Costa 2015 Prudente, Maschio, Santos-Costa & Feitosa 2010 Prudente, Melo Sarmento, Camara Costa, Moreira Dourado, Meireles dos Santos, Ferreira Lima, Dias Lima & Galatti 2020 Roze 1957 Santos Azevedo, Oliveira & Costa 2021 Santos-Costa, Maschio & Prudente 2015 Silva, Souza & Bernarde 2010 Tavares, Melo, Campos, Oda & Strussmann 2012 Vechio, Recoder, Rodrigues & Zaher 2013 Zaher & Caramaschi 1996 Genus Imantodes (American Blunt-headed Tree Snakes)   Imantodes cenchoa Common Blunt-headed Tree Snake Abrahao-Morato 2005 Almeida-Gomes, Siqueira, Borges-Junior, Vrcibradic, Fusinatto & Rocha 2014 Almeida-Gomes, Siquiera, Borges-Junior, Vrcibradic, Fusinatto & Rocha 2014 Amaral 1949 Araujo & Almeida-Santos 2011 Araujo, Condez, Bovo, Centeno & Luiz 2010 Argolo 2004 Avila-Pires 2005 Avila-Pires, Hoogmoed & Rocha 2010 Avila-Pires, Vitt, Sartorius & Zani 2009 Bernarde & Abe 2006 Bernarde, Albuquerque, Barros & Turci 2012 Bernarde, Albuquerque, Miranda & Turci 2013 Bernarde, Machado & Turci 2011 Bernils, Batista & Bertelli 2001 Bernils, Morato & Moura-Leite 2000 Bertoluci, Canelas, Eisemberg, Palmuti & Montingelli 2009 Caldeira Costa, Barros, Ruiz-Sueiro & Neves Feio 2010 Campos Nogueira 2001 Cicchi, Sena, Peccinini-Seale & Duarte 2007 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Cunha, Nascimento & Avila-Pires 1985 Debien, Waldez & Menin 2019 Dias-Lima 2008 Duarte Rocha, Silva Telles, Vrcibradic & Nogueira-Costa 2018 Ferrao, Filho & Silva 2012 Ferreira, Terra, Piatti, Delatorre, Strussmann, Beda, Kawashita-Ribeiro, Landgref-Filho, Aoki, Campos, Souza, Avila, Duleba, Martins, Rita & Albuquerque 2017 Fonseca, Silva, Abegg, Rosa & Bernarde 2019 Franca, Germano & Franca 2012 Freitas 2014 Freitas, Abegg, Ribeiro Dias & Figueiredo Moraes 2018 Freitas, Mendes Venancio, Abegg, Santos Azevedo, Oliveira Pereira, Pinheiro Zanotti, Veloso, Schwarzbach, Oliveira e Sousa, Cruz-da-Silva, Goncalves de Amorim & Barbosa de Moura 2020 Freitas, Santos Silva, Mendes Fonseca, Hamdan, Filadelfo & Abegg 2019 Freitas, Vieira, Entiauspe-Neto, Oliveira-e-Sousa, Farias, Sousa & Moura 2017 Frota, Santos, Chaldikis & Guedes 2005 Guedes, Nogueira & Marques 2014 Gutsche, Kwet, Kucharzewski & Hallermann 2007 Hamdan & Lira-da-Silva 2012 Hartmann, Hartmann & Martins 2009 Hartmann, Hartmann & Martins 2011 Kunz & Ghizoni 2009 Kunz, Ghizoni, Santos & Hartmann 2007 Lima-Verde & Cascon 1990 Linares & Eterovick 2013 Loebmann & Haddad 2010 Manzani & Cardoso 1997 Marques, Mebert, Fonseca, Roedder, Sole & Tinoco 2016 Marques, Roedder, Sole & Tinoco 2017 Marques, Tinoco, Roedder & Browne-Ribeiro 2013 Marquez & Sazima 2004 Martins & Oliveira 1999 Maschio, Santos-Costa & Prudente 2016 Mendes-Pinto & Souza 2011 Mesquita, Alves, Pedro, Laranjeiras, Caldas, Pedrosa, Rodrigues, Drummond, Cavalcanti, Wachlevski, Nogueira-Costa, Franca & Franca 2018 Miranda, Venancio & Albuquerque 2014 Moraes, Almeida, Fraga, Rojas, Pirani, Silva, Carvalho, Gordo & Werneck 2017 Moura-Leite, Morato & Bernils 1996 Nascimento & Lima-Verde 1989 Nascimento Barbosa, Silva Amaral, Gusmao, Lira Lima, Melo Souza, Silva Aguiar, Maranhao dos Santos 2020 Nascimento, Avila-Pires, Santos & Lima 1991 Nogueira, Argolo, Arzamendia, Azevedo, Barbo, Bernils, Bolochio, Borges-Martins, Brasil-Godinho, Braz, Buononato, Cisneros-Heredia & Colli 2019 Oliveira, Gonzalez, Passos, Vrcibradic & Rocha 2020 Oliveira, Santos, Lopes-Silva, Vasconcelos Barros, Risse-Quaioto, Militao, Fatorelli, Belmoch, Marcial de Castro & Rocha 2020 Pantoja & Fraga 2012 Pereira-Filho & Montingelli 2011 Pinheiro, Abe, Bitar, Albarelli & Santos-Costa 2015 Prudente, Maschio, Santos-Costa & Feitosa 2010 Prudente, Melo Sarmento, Camara Costa, Moreira Dourado, Meireles dos Santos, Ferreira Lima, Dias Lima & Galatti 2020 Roberto & Loebmann 2016 Roberto, Oliveira, Araujo-Filho, Oliveira & Avila 2017 Rocha & Sluys 2006 Rocha, Bergallo, Pombal, Geise, Sluys, Fernandes & Caramaschi 2004 Rodrigues, Gama, Filho & Franca 2015 Rodrigues, Maschio & Prudente 2016 Rojas-Padilla, Menezes, Dias, Argolo, Sole & Orrico 2020 Ruschi 1966 Santana, Vieira, Pereira-Filho, Delfim, Lima & Vieira 2008 Santos-Costa, Maschio & Prudente 2015 Sao-Pedro & Pires 2009 Silva 1993 Silva, Menks, Prudente, Costa, Travassos & Galatti 2011 Silva, Silva, Sena & Nascimento 2006 Silva, Souza & Bernarde 2010 Souza-Costa, Mira-Mendes, Ribeiro Dias, Brito Silva, Argolo & Sole 2020 Spengler Waltrick & Menta Giasson 2021 Trevine, Forlani, Haddad & Zaher 2014 Vaz-Silva, Guimaraes-Guedes, Azevedo-Silva, Gontijo, Barbosa, Aloisio & Oliveira 2007 Waldez, Menin & Vogt 2013 Yuki & Santos 1998 Yuki, Galatti & Rocha 1999 Zaher, Barbo, Martinez, Nogueira, Rodrigues & Sawaya 2011   Imantodes lentiferus Amazon Blunt-headed Tree Snake Ascenso & Missassi 2015 Avila & Kawashita-Ribeiro 2011 Avila-Pires, Vitt, Sartorius & Zani 2009 Bernarde, Albuquerque, Barros & Turci 2012 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Ferreira, Sturaro & Peloso 2017 Frota, Missassi, Santos-Costa & Prudente 2015 Maschio, Santos-Costa & Prudente 2016 Melo-Sampaio & Maciel Junior 2012 Nogueira, Argolo, Arzamendia, Azevedo, Barbo, Bernils, Bolochio, Borges-Martins, Brasil-Godinho, Braz, Buononato, Cisneros-Heredia & Colli 2019 Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 Prudente, Maschio, Santos-Costa & Feitosa 2010 Prudente, Melo Sarmento, Camara Costa, Moreira Dourado, Meireles dos Santos, Ferreira Lima, Dias Lima & Galatti 2020 Sampaio & Maciel 2012 Silva 1993 Silva, Menks, Prudente, Costa, Travassos & Galatti 2011 Genus Leptodeira (Typical Cat-eyed Snakes)   Leptodeira annulata South American Banded Cat-eyed Snake Alves Benicio, Mesquita, Cavalcante & Fonseca 2015 Amaral 1949 Araujo & Almeida-Santos 2011 Araujo, Ribeiro, Andrade, Pereira, Guzzi & Avila 2020 Argolo 2004 Arzabe, Skuk, Santana, Delfim, Lima & Abrantes 2005 Avila & Kawashita-Ribeiro 2011 Avila & Morais 2007 Avila-Pires 2005 Avila-Pires, Hoogmoed & Rocha 2010 Avila-Pires, Vitt, Sartorius & Zani 2009 Barrio-Amoros 2019 Bernarde & Abe 2006 Bernarde & Abe 2010 Bernarde, Albuquerque, Barros & Turci 2012 Bernarde, Albuquerque, Miranda & Turci 2013 Bernarde, Machado & Turci 2011 Bernardo, Guerra-Fuentes, Matiazzi & Zaher 2012 Bertoluci, Canelas, Eisemberg, Palmuti & Montingelli 2009 Borges-Nojosa & Santos 2005 Campos & Lage 2013 Carvalho, Silva, Ferreira, Souza & Santana 2018 Cavalcanti, Santos-Protazio, Albuquerque, Pedro & Mesquita 2012 Cintra, Silva & Silva 2009 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Costa, Laranjeiras, Caldas, Santana, Silva, Alcantara, Brito, Galdino, Mesquita, Faria, Franca, Avila & Garda 2018 Cunha, Nascimento & Avila-Pires 1985 Dias-Lima 2008 Duellman 1958 Ferrao, Filho & Silva 2012 Ferreira, Terra, Piatti, Delatorre, Strussmann, Beda, Kawashita-Ribeiro, Landgref-Filho, Aoki, Campos, Souza, Avila, Duleba, Martins, Rita & Albuquerque 2017 Fonseca, Silva, Abegg, Rosa & Bernarde 2019 Franca & Araujo 2006 Franca & Silva Braz 2013 Freitas 2014 Freitas, Abegg, Ribeiro Dias & Figueiredo Moraes 2018 Freitas, Abegg, Silva Araujo, Almeida Coelho, Santos Azevedo, Frazao Chaves & Barbosa de Moura 2019 Freitas, Mendes Venancio, Abegg, Santos Azevedo, Oliveira Pereira, Pinheiro Zanotti, Veloso, Schwarzbach, Oliveira e Sousa, Cruz-da-Silva, Goncalves de Amorim & Barbosa de Moura 2020 Freitas, Santos Silva, Mendes Fonseca, Hamdan, Filadelfo & Abegg 2019 Freitas, Verissimo & Uhlig 2012 Freitas, Vieira, Entiauspe-Neto, Oliveira-e-Sousa, Farias, Sousa & Moura 2017 Frota, Santos, Chaldikis & Guedes 2005 Garda, Costa, Santos-Silva, Mesquita, Faria, Conceicao, Silva, Ferreira, Rocha, Palmeira, Rodrigues, Ferrari & Torquato 2013 Gascon & Pereira 1993 Guedes, Nogueira & Marques 2014 Hamdan & Lira-da-Silva 2012 Lima-Verde & Cascon 1990 Madella-Auricchio, Auricchio & Soares 2017 Marques, Mebert, Fonseca, Roedder, Sole & Tinoco 2016 Marques, Roedder, Sole & Tinoco 2017 Martins & Oliveira 1999 Maschio, Santos-Costa & Prudente 2016 Mendes-Pinto & Souza 2011 Mesquita, Passos, Borges-Nojosa & Cechin 2013 Miranda, Costa & Rocha 2012 Miranda, Venancio & Albuquerque 2014 Moreira, Fenolio, Silva & Silva 2009 Moura-Leite, Morato & Bernils 1996 Nascimento, Avila-Pires, Santos & Lima 1991 Nogueira, Argolo, Arzamendia, Azevedo, Barbo, Bernils, Bolochio, Borges-Martins, Brasil-Godinho, Braz, Buononato, Cisneros-Heredia & Colli 2019 Oliveira Lima, Andrade, Lima da Silva & Reis Dias 2022 Oliveira Neves, Yves, Almeida Pereira, Alves, Bonfim Vasques, Teixeira Coelho & Santos Silva 2019 Oliveira, Araujo, Oliveira & Avila 2021 Oliveira, Gonzalez, Passos, Vrcibradic & Rocha 2020 Oliveira, Ruz & Barros 2013 Oliveira, Santos, Lopes-Silva, Vasconcelos Barros, Risse-Quaioto, Militao, Fatorelli, Belmoch, Marcial de Castro & Rocha 2020 Pereira-Filho & Montingelli 2011 Pereira-Ribeiro, Ferreguetti, Bergallo & Rocha 2022 Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 Pontes, Figueiredo, Pontes & Rocha 2008 Protazio, Protazio, Silva, Conceicao, Braga, Santos, Ribeiro, Almeida, Gama, Vieira & Silva 2021 Prudente, Maschio, Santos-Costa & Feitosa 2010 Prudente, Melo Sarmento, Camara Costa, Moreira Dourado, Meireles dos Santos, Ferreira Lima, Dias Lima & Galatti 2020 Ribeiro, Roberto, Sales, Avila & Almeida 2012 Ribeiro-Junior, Rossi, Miranda & Avila-Pires 2011 Rocha & Prudente 2010 Rocha, Bergallo, Pombal, Geise, Sluys, Fernandes & Caramaschi 2004 Rodrigues, Maschio & Prudente 2016 Rodrigues-Franca & Mendes Venancio 2010 Rojas-Padilla, Menezes, Dias, Argolo, Sole & Orrico 2020 Salles & Silva-Soares 2010 Salles, Weber & Silva-Soares 2010 Santos Caldas, Borges Costa, Laranjeiras, Oliveira Mesquita & Garda 2016 Santos, Avila & Kawashita-Ribeiro 2011 Santos-Costa, Maschio & Prudente 2015 Silva 1993 Silva Rodrigues & Prudente 2011 Silva, Menks, Prudente, Costa, Travassos & Galatti 2011 Silva, Oliveira, Morais, Kawashita-Ribeiro, Brito & Avila 2015 Silva, Rocha & Nogueira-Paranhos 2016 Silva, Silva, Sena & Nascimento 2006 Silva, Souza & Bernarde 2010 Silva-Soares, Ferreira, Salles & Rocha 2011 Sousa, Nascimento, Gomides, Rios, Hudson & Novelli 2010 Souza, Uetanabaro, Landgref-Filho, Piatti & Prado 2010 Strussmann, Almeida-Prado, Uetanabaro & Ferreira 2000 Tavares Mendonca, Silva Vieira & Nobrega Alves 2014 Tavares, Melo, Campos, Oda & Strussmann 2012 Turci & Bernarde 2008 Vrcibradic, Rocha, Kiefer, Hatano, Fontes, Almeida-Gomes, Siqueira, Pontes, Borges-Junior, Gil, Klaion, Rubiao & Sluys 2011 Waldez, Menin & Vogt 2013 Yuki & Santos 1998 Yuki, Galatti & Rocha 1999 Zaher, Barbo, Martinez, Nogueira, Rodrigues & Sawaya 2011   Leptodeira ashmeadi Venezuelan Cat-eyed Snake Barrio-Amoros 2019 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021   Leptodeira pulchriceps Bodoquena Banded Cat-eyed Snake Barrio-Amoros 2019 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Costa, Resende, Gonzalez, Cotta & Feio 2014 Duellman 1958 Giraudo & Scrocchi 2002 Loebmann & Haddad 2010 Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 Roberto & Loebmann 2016 Roberto, Oliveira, Araujo-Filho, Oliveira & Avila 2017 Valdujo & Nogueira 2001   * Leptodeira tarairiu Paraiba Cat-eyed Snake Costa, Graboski, Grazziotin, Zaher, Rodrigues & Prudente 2022 Genus Leptophis (Neotropical Parrot Snakes)   Leptophis ahaetulla Common Green Parrot Snake Albuquerque & Fernandes 2022 Albuquerque, Santos, Borges-Nojosa & Avila 2022 Amaral 1949 [as richardi] Araujo, Ribeiro, Andrade, Pereira, Guzzi & Avila 2020 Avila-Pires 2005 Avila-Pires, Hoogmoed & Rocha 2010 Avila-Pires, Vitt, Sartorius & Zani 2009 Bernarde & Abe 2006 Bernarde, Albuquerque, Barros & Turci 2012 Carvalho & Nogueira 1998 Carvalho, Souza Alencar & Carvalho-Vilar 2007 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Costa-Campos, Ribeiro Sanches, Pedroso-Santos, Figueiredo, Tavares-Pinheiro & Almeida-Santos 2021 Cunha & Nascimento 1980 Cunha, Nascimento & Avila-Pires 1985 Debien, Waldez & Menin 2019 Ferrao, Filho & Silva 2012 Franca, Franca, Roedder & Sole 2022 Freitas, Vieira, Entiauspe-Neto, Oliveira-e-Sousa, Farias, Sousa & Moura 2017 Frota, Santos, Chaldikis & Guedes 2005 Guedes, Nogueira & Marques 2014 Hoge, Romano & Cordeiro 1978 Martins & Oliveira 1999 Maschio, Santos-Costa & Prudente 2016 Mendes-Pinto & Souza 2011 Miranda, Costa & Rocha 2012 Murphy, Charles, Lehtinen & Koeller 2013 Nascimento, Avila Pires & Cunha 1988 Nascimento, Avila-Pires, Santos & Lima 1991 Nogueira, Argolo, Arzamendia, Azevedo, Barbo, Bernils, Bolochio, Borges-Martins, Brasil-Godinho, Braz, Buononato, Cisneros-Heredia & Colli 2019 Oliveira, Ruz & Barros 2013 Oliver 1948 O'Shea 1990 Prudente, Maschio, Santos-Costa & Feitosa 2010 Prudente, Melo Sarmento, Camara Costa, Moreira Dourado, Meireles dos Santos, Ferreira Lima, Dias Lima & Galatti 2020 Rocha & Prudente 2010 Rodrigues, Maschio & Prudente 2016 Santos-Costa, Maschio & Prudente 2015 Silva, Menks, Prudente, Costa, Travassos & Galatti 2011 Strussmann & Sazima 1993 Tavares, Melo, Campos, Oda & Strussmann 2012 Torres-Carvajal & Teran 2021 Turci & Bernarde 2008 Turci & Bernarde 2009 Vechio, Recoder, Rodrigues & Zaher 2013 Vechio, Teixeira Junior, Recoder, Rodrigues & Zaher 2016 Waldez, Menin & Vogt 2013 Yuki & Santos 1998   * Leptophis dibernardoi Caatinga Parrot Snake Albuquerque & Fernandes 2022 Albuquerque, Santos, Borges-Nojosa & Avila 2022   * Leptophis liocercus Bahian Green Parrot Snake Albuquerque & Fernandes 2022 Albuquerque, Santos, Borges-Nojosa & Avila 2022 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Freitas, Colli, Entiauspe-Neto, Trinchao, Araujo, Oliveira Lima, Franca, Gaiga & Dias 2016 Guedes, Nogueira & Marques 2014 [as L. ahaetulla] Hamdan & Lira-da-Silva 2012 Lima-Verde & Cascon 1990 Marques, Mebert, Fonseca, Roedder, Sole & Tinoco 2016 Marques, Roedder, Sole & Tinoco 2017 Oliveira, Gonzalez, Passos, Vrcibradic & Rocha 2020 Oliver 1948 Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 Silva, Silva, Sena & Nascimento 2006 [as L. ahaetulla]   Leptophis marginatus Paraguayan Parrot Snake Albuquerque & Fernandes 2022 Albuquerque, Santos, Borges-Nojosa & Avila 2022 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Moura-Leite, Morato & Bernils 1996 [as L. ahaetulla] Murphy, Charles, Lehtinen & Koeller 2013 Oliver 1948 Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 Zaher, Barbo, Martinez, Nogueira, Rodrigues & Sawaya 2011 [as L. ahaetulla]   Leptophis nigromarginatus Black-skinned Green Parrot Snake Albuquerque & Fernandes 2022 Albuquerque, Santos, Borges-Nojosa & Avila 2022 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Muller 1976 Murphy, Charles, Lehtinen & Koeller 2013 Oliver 1948 Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 Silva 1993 Torres-Carvajal & Teran 2021 Genus Lioheterophis (Paraiba Black-naped Snake)   * Lioheterophis iheringi Paraiba Black-naped Snake Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Guedes, Nogueira & Marques 2014 Nogueira, Argolo, Arzamendia, Azevedo, Barbo, Bernils, Bolochio, Borges-Martins, Brasil-Godinho, Braz, Buononato, Cisneros-Heredia & Colli 2019 Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 Genus Lygophis (South American Striped Ground Snakes)   Lygophis anomalus Yellow-striped Ground Snake Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Dixon 1985 Dixon 1989 Entiauspe-Neto, Perleberg & Freitas 2016 Franca, Franca, Roedder & Sole 2022 Lema 1994 Nogueira, Argolo, Arzamendia, Azevedo, Barbo, Bernils, Bolochio, Borges-Martins, Brasil-Godinho, Braz, Buononato, Cisneros-Heredia & Colli 2019 Panzera, Guerrero & Manayro 2017 Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970   Lygophis dilepis Northern Striped Ground Snake Borges-Leite, Rodrigues & Borges-Nojosa 2014 Castro, Mangia, Medeiros Magalhaes, Roehr, Camurugi, Silveira Filho, Silva, Andrade-Oliveira, Sousa, Rodrigues Franca, Harris, Garda & Borges-Nojosa 2019 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Dixon 1989 Ferreira, Terra, Piatti, Delatorre, Strussmann, Beda, Kawashita-Ribeiro, Landgref-Filho, Aoki, Campos, Souza, Avila, Duleba, Martins, Rita & Albuquerque 2017 Franca, Germano & Franca 2012 Freitas, Colli, Entiauspe-Neto, Trinchao, Araujo, Oliveira Lima, Franca, Gaiga & Dias 2016 Guedes, Nogueira & Marques 2014 Hamdan & Lira-da-Silva 2012 Hoge, Russo, Santos & Furtado 1981 Lema 1989 Lima-Verde & Cascon 1990 Loebmann & Haddad 2010 Mesquita, Alves, Pedro, Laranjeiras, Caldas, Pedrosa, Rodrigues, Drummond, Cavalcanti, Wachlevski, Nogueira-Costa, Franca & Franca 2018 Mesquita, Passos, Borges-Nojosa & Cechin 2013 Michaud & Dixon 1987 Nogueira, Argolo, Arzamendia, Azevedo, Barbo, Bernils, Bolochio, Borges-Martins, Brasil-Godinho, Braz, Buononato, Cisneros-Heredia & Colli 2019 Oliveira, Araujo, Oliveira & Avila 2021 Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 Ribeiro, Roberto, Sales, Avila & Almeida 2012 Roberto & Loebmann 2016 Santos Caldas, Borges Costa, Laranjeiras, Oliveira Mesquita & Garda 2016 Souza, Uetanabaro, Landgref-Filho, Piatti & Prado 2010   Lygophis flavifrenatus Yellow-lined Ground Snake Boettger 1905 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Dixon 1989 Ferreira, Terra, Piatti, Delatorre, Strussmann, Beda, Kawashita-Ribeiro, Landgref-Filho, Aoki, Campos, Souza, Avila, Duleba, Martins, Rita & Albuquerque 2017 Franca, Franca, Roedder & Sole 2022 Ghizoni, Kunz, Cherem & Bernils 2009 Kunz, Ghizoni & Giasson 2011 Lema 1994 Marques, Pereira, Barbo, Germano & Sawaya 2009 Michaud & Dixon 1987 Nogueira, Argolo, Arzamendia, Azevedo, Barbo, Bernils, Bolochio, Borges-Martins, Brasil-Godinho, Braz, Buononato, Cisneros-Heredia & Colli 2019 Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 Souza Filho & Verrastro 2012 Winck, Santos & Cechin 2007 Zaher, Barbo, Martinez, Nogueira, Rodrigues & Sawaya 2011   Lygophis lineatus Western Striped Ground Snake Amaral 1949 Avila-Pires 2005 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Cunha & Nascimento 1980 Dixon 1989 Franca, Franca, Roedder & Sole 2022 Frota, Santos, Chaldikis & Guedes 2005 Hoge, Romano & Cordeiro 1978 Michaud & Dixon 1987 Nascimento, Avila-Pires, Santos & Lima 1991 Nogueira, Argolo, Arzamendia, Azevedo, Barbo, Bernils, Bolochio, Borges-Martins, Brasil-Godinho, Braz, Buononato, Cisneros-Heredia & Colli 2019 O'Shea 1990 Prudente, Melo Sarmento, Camara Costa, Moreira Dourado, Meireles dos Santos, Ferreira Lima, Dias Lima & Galatti 2020 Rodrigues, Maschio & Prudente 2016 Yuki & Santos 1998   Lygophis meridionalis Paraguayan Striped Ground Snake Carvalho & Nogueira 1998 Castro & Oliveira 2017 Cintra, Silva & Silva 2009 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Cruz-Forlani, Bernardo, Haddad & Zaher 2010 Dixon 1989 Duleba & Ferreira 2014 Ferreira, Terra, Piatti, Delatorre, Strussmann, Beda, Kawashita-Ribeiro, Landgref-Filho, Aoki, Campos, Souza, Avila, Duleba, Martins, Rita & Albuquerque 2017 Franca & Araujo 2006 Franca & Silva Braz 2013 Freitas, Colli, Entiauspe-Neto, Trinchao, Araujo, Oliveira Lima, Franca, Gaiga & Dias 2016 Michaud & Dixon 1987 Miranda, Costa & Rocha 2012 Moura-Leite, Morato & Bernils 1996 Nogueira, Argolo, Arzamendia, Azevedo, Barbo, Bernils, Bolochio, Borges-Martins, Brasil-Godinho, Braz, Buononato, Cisneros-Heredia & Colli 2019 Padua Almeida, Gasparini & Germano 2006 Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 Rodrigues, Maschio & Prudente 2016 Santos, Avila & Kawashita-Ribeiro 2011 Sawaya, Marques & Martins 2008 Silva, Cintra, Silva, Costa, Amaral-Souza, Pacheco & Goncalves 2009 Turci, Abegg, Rosa & Bernarde 2020 Valdujo & Nogueira 2001 Vaz-Silva, Guimaraes-Guedes, Azevedo-Silva, Gontijo, Barbosa, Aloisio & Oliveira 2007 Zaher, Barbo, Martinez, Nogueira, Rodrigues & Sawaya 2011   Lygophis paucidens Cerrado Striped Ground Snake Araujo, Ribeiro, Andrade, Pereira, Guzzi & Avila 2020 Campos Nogueira 2001 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Dixon 1989 Franca & Araujo 2006 Guedes, Nogueira & Marques 2014 Lema 1989 Michaud & Dixon 1987 Nogueira, Argolo, Arzamendia, Azevedo, Barbo, Bernils, Bolochio, Borges-Martins, Brasil-Godinho, Braz, Buononato, Cisneros-Heredia & Colli 2019 Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 Roberto & Loebmann 2016 Serrano, Vieira-Alencar, Diaz-Ricaurte & Nogueira 2020 Silva Rodrigues & Prudente 2011 Silva, Rocha & Nogueira-Paranhos 2016 Valdujo & Nogueira 2001 Vechio, Recoder, Rodrigues & Zaher 2013 Genus Mastigodryas (Neotropical Lizard Eaters)   Mastigodryas boddaerti Brown Lizard Eater Amaral 1949 Avila & Kawashita-Ribeiro 2011 Avila-Pires 2005 Avila-Pires, Hoogmoed & Rocha 2010 Avila-Pires, Vitt, Sartorius & Zani 2009 Bernarde & Abe 2006 Bernarde & Abe 2010 Bernarde, Albuquerque, Barros & Turci 2012 Carvalho & Nogueira 1998 Carvalho, Souza Alencar & Carvalho-Vilar 2007 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Cunha, Nascimento & Avila-Pires 1985 Ferrao, Filho & Silva 2012 Ferreira, Terra, Piatti, Delatorre, Strussmann, Beda, Kawashita-Ribeiro, Landgref-Filho, Aoki, Campos, Souza, Avila, Duleba, Martins, Rita & Albuquerque 2017 Freitas, Vieira, Entiauspe-Neto, Oliveira-e-Sousa, Farias, Sousa & Moura 2017 Frota, Santos, Chaldikis & Guedes 2005 Guedes, Nogueira & Marques 2014 Gutsche, Kwet, Kucharzewski & Hallermann 2007 Hoge, Romano & Cordeiro 1978 Lima-Verde & Cascon 1990 Loebmann & Haddad 2010 Martins & Oliveira 1999 Montingelli 2009 Montingelli, Grazziotin, Battilana, Murphy, Zhang & Zaher 2019 Montingelli, Valencia, Benavides & Zaher 2011 Muller 1976 Nascimento & Lima-Verde 1989 Nascimento, Avila Pires & Cunha 1988 Nascimento, Avila-Pires, Santos & Lima 1991 Nogueira, Argolo, Arzamendia, Azevedo, Barbo, Bernils, Bolochio, Borges-Martins, Brasil-Godinho, Braz, Buononato, Cisneros-Heredia & Colli 2019 Oliveira, Ruz & Barros 2013 O'Shea 1990 Pinheiro, Abe, Bitar, Albarelli & Santos-Costa 2015 Prudente, Melo Sarmento, Camara Costa, Moreira Dourado, Meireles dos Santos, Ferreira Lima, Dias Lima & Galatti 2020 Roberto & Loebmann 2016 Rocha & Prudente 2010 Rodrigues, Maschio & Prudente 2016 Santos, Avila & Kawashita-Ribeiro 2011 Santos-Costa, Maschio & Prudente 2015 Silva 1993 Silva, Menks, Prudente, Costa, Travassos & Galatti 2011 Siqueira, Nascimento & Santos-Costa 2012 Siqueira, Nascimento, Montingelli & Santos-Costa 2013 Souza & Silva 2001 Souza Oliveira, Silva Sales, Queiroz Andrade, Almeida, Lima da Fonseca & Bernarde 2020 Tavares, Melo, Campos, Oda & Strussmann 2012 Turci & Bernarde 2008 Vechio, Recoder, Rodrigues & Zaher 2013 Yuki & Santos 1998   Mastigodryas moratoi Amazon Lizard Eater Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Fraga, Souza, Santos-Jr. & Kawashita-Ribeiro 2018 Montingelli & Zaher 2011 Montingelli, Grazziotin, Battilana, Murphy, Zhang & Zaher 2019 Nogueira, Argolo, Arzamendia, Azevedo, Barbo, Bernils, Bolochio, Borges-Martins, Brasil-Godinho, Braz, Buononato, Cisneros-Heredia & Colli 2019   Mastigodryas pleei Many-lined Lizard Eater Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Montingelli & Zaher 2011 Montingelli 2009 Montingelli, Grazziotin, Battilana, Murphy, Zhang & Zaher 2019 Nogueira, Argolo, Arzamendia, Azevedo, Barbo, Bernils, Bolochio, Borges-Martins, Brasil-Godinho, Braz, Buononato, Cisneros-Heredia & Colli 2019 Genus Mesotes (Southern Mock Vipers)   * Mesotes rutilus Sao Paulo Mock Viper Araujo & Almeida-Santos 2011 Condez, Sawaya & Dixo 2009 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Costa, Resende, Gonzalez, Cotta & Feio 2014 Ferreira, Terra, Piatti, Delatorre, Strussmann, Beda, Kawashita-Ribeiro, Landgref-Filho, Aoki, Campos, Souza, Avila, Duleba, Martins, Rita & Albuquerque 2017 Franca & Araujo 2006 Franco & Ferreira 2002 Franco, Trevine, Montingelli & Zaher 2017 Nogueira, Argolo, Arzamendia, Azevedo, Barbo, Bernils, Bolochio, Borges-Martins, Brasil-Godinho, Braz, Buononato, Cisneros-Heredia & Colli 2019 Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 Silva, Cintra, Silva, Costa, Amaral-Souza, Pacheco & Goncalves 2009 Trevine, Caicedo-Portilla, Hoogmoed, Thomas, Franco, Montingelli, Osorno-Munoz & Zaher 2021 Zaher, Barbo, Martinez, Nogueira, Rodrigues & Sawaya 2011   Mesotes strigatus Striped Mock Viper Barbo 2008 Barbo, Marques & Sawaya 2011 Bernarde, Moura-Leite, Machado & Kokobum 2000 Bernils, Batista & Bertelli 2001 Condez, Sawaya & Dixo 2009 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Franco & Ferreira 2002 Franco & Ferreira 2003 Franco, Trevine, Montingelli & Zaher 2017 Hartmann, Hartmann & Martins 2009 Hoogmoed 1997 Kunz & Ghizoni 2009 Kunz, Ghizoni & Giasson 2011 Kunz, Ghizoni, Santos & Hartmann 2007 Lema 1994 Marques, Pereira, Barbo, Germano & Sawaya 2009 Menezes, Abegg, Silva, Franco & Feio 2018 Nogueira, Argolo, Arzamendia, Azevedo, Barbo, Bernils, Bolochio, Borges-Martins, Brasil-Godinho, Braz, Buononato, Cisneros-Heredia & Colli 2019 Oliveira, Gonzalez, Passos, Vrcibradic & Rocha 2020 Ortiz, Freitas, Rodrigues, Abegg & Franco 2017 Outeiral, Balestrin, Cappellari, Lema & Ferreira 2018 Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 Rocha, Bergallo, Pombal, Geise, Sluys, Fernandes & Caramaschi 2004 Santos Dainesi, Abegg, Bernarde, Pena Correa, Caetano Machado, Oliveira Meneses & Sena Santos 2019 Shibatta, Galves, Carmo, Lima, Lopes & Machado 2009 Souza Filho & Oliveira 2015 Souza-Filho, Plombon & Capela 2015 Spengler Waltrick & Menta Giasson 2021 Trevine, Caicedo-Portilla, Hoogmoed, Thomas, Franco, Montingelli, Osorno-Munoz & Zaher 2021 Winkler, Waltenberg, Almeida-Santos, Nascimento, Vrcibradic & Sluys 2011 Zaher, Barbo, Martinez, Nogueira, Rodrigues & Sawaya 2011 Genus Mussurana (Brazilian Snake Eaters)   Mussurana bicolor Two-coloured Snake Eater Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Ferreira, Terra, Piatti, Delatorre, Strussmann, Beda, Kawashita-Ribeiro, Landgref-Filho, Aoki, Campos, Souza, Avila, Duleba, Martins, Rita & Albuquerque 2017 Franco, Marques & Puorto 1997 Giraudo & Scrocchi 2002 Jansen, Alvarez & Koehler 2009 Nogueira, Argolo, Arzamendia, Azevedo, Barbo, Bernils, Bolochio, Borges-Martins, Brasil-Godinho, Braz, Buononato, Cisneros-Heredia & Colli 2019 Rivas, Callapa, Eversole, Powell & Wallace 2023 Souza, Uetanabaro, Landgref-Filho, Piatti & Prado 2010 Strussmann & Sazima 1993 Zaher 1996   * Mussurana montana Mountain Snake Eater Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Franco, Marques & Puorto 1997 Hartmann, Hartmann & Martins 2009 Menezes, Abegg, Silva, Franco & Feio 2018 Nogueira, Argolo, Arzamendia, Azevedo, Barbo, Bernils, Bolochio, Borges-Martins, Brasil-Godinho, Braz, Buononato, Cisneros-Heredia & Colli 2019 Oliveira, Gonzalez, Passos, Vrcibradic & Rocha 2020 Zaher, Barbo, Martinez, Nogueira, Rodrigues & Sawaya 2011   Mussurana quimi South Brazilian Snake Eater Barbo 2008 Barbo, Marques & Sawaya 2011 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Entiauspe-Neto, Abegg, Quintela & Loebmann 2017 Franca & Araujo 2006 Franco, Marques & Puorto 1997 Giraudo & Scrocchi 2002 Marques, Pereira, Barbo, Germano & Sawaya 2009 Nogueira, Argolo, Arzamendia, Azevedo, Barbo, Bernils, Bolochio, Borges-Martins, Brasil-Godinho, Braz, Buononato, Cisneros-Heredia & Colli 2019 Silveira & Cotta 2006 Vaz-Silva, Guimaraes-Guedes, Azevedo-Silva, Gontijo, Barbosa, Aloisio & Oliveira 2007 Zaher, Barbo, Martinez, Nogueira, Rodrigues & Sawaya 2011 Genus Ninia (Coffee Snakes)   Ninia hudsoni Guyana White-collared Coffee Snake Bernarde & Abe 2006 Bernarde, Albuquerque, Barros & Turci 2012 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Freitas, Mendes Venancio, Abegg, Santos Azevedo, Oliveira Pereira, Pinheiro Zanotti, Veloso, Schwarzbach, Oliveira e Sousa, Cruz-da-Silva, Goncalves de Amorim & Barbosa de Moura 2020 Nogueira, Argolo, Arzamendia, Azevedo, Barbo, Bernils, Bolochio, Borges-Martins, Brasil-Godinho, Braz, Buononato, Cisneros-Heredia & Colli 2019 Silva 1993 Vanzolini 1986 Genus Oxybelis (Neotropical Vine Snakes)   * Oxybelis acuminatus Atlantic Forest Vine Snake Jadin, Jowers, Orlofske, Duellman, Blair & Murphy 2021   Oxybelis aeneus Brown Vine Snake Amaral 1949 Araujo, Ribeiro, Andrade, Pereira, Guzzi & Avila 2020 Argolo 2004 Avila & Kawashita-Ribeiro 2011 Avila-Pires 2005 Bernarde, Albuquerque, Barros & Turci 2012 Bernarde, Albuquerque, Miranda & Turci 2013 Borges-Leite, Rodrigues & Borges-Nojosa 2014 Campos Nogueira 2001 Castro & Teixeira 2007 Cordeiro & Hoge 1973 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Costa, Laranjeiras, Caldas, Santana, Silva, Alcantara, Brito, Galdino, Mesquita, Faria, Franca, Avila & Garda 2018 Costa, Resende, Gonzalez, Cotta & Feio 2014 Cunha & Nascimento 1980 Cunha, Nascimento & Avila-Pires 1985 Dourado de Mesquita, Borges-Nojosa & Holanda Bezerra 2010 Feio & Caramaschi 2002 Ferrao, Filho & Silva 2012 Ferreira, Terra, Piatti, Delatorre, Strussmann, Beda, Kawashita-Ribeiro, Landgref-Filho, Aoki, Campos, Souza, Avila, Duleba, Martins, Rita & Albuquerque 2017 Franca & Araujo 2006 Franca & Silva Braz 2013 Franca, Germano & Franca 2012 Freitas 2014 Freitas, Abegg, Ribeiro Dias & Figueiredo Moraes 2018 Freitas, Abegg, Silva Araujo, Almeida Coelho, Santos Azevedo, Frazao Chaves & Barbosa de Moura 2019 Freitas, Colli, Entiauspe-Neto, Trinchao, Araujo, Oliveira Lima, Franca, Gaiga & Dias 2016 Freitas, Santos Silva, Mendes Fonseca, Hamdan, Filadelfo & Abegg 2019 Freitas, Verissimo & Uhlig 2012 Freitas, Vieira, Entiauspe-Neto, Oliveira-e-Sousa, Farias, Sousa & Moura 2017 Frota, Santos, Chaldikis & Guedes 2005 Garda, Costa, Santos-Silva, Mesquita, Faria, Conceicao, Silva, Ferreira, Rocha, Palmeira, Rodrigues, Ferrari & Torquato 2013 Guedes, Nogueira & Marques 2014 Hamdan & Lira-da-Silva 2012 Hoge, Romano & Cordeiro 1978 Jadin, Blair, Orlofske, Jowers, Rivas, Vitt, Ray, Smith & Murphy 2020 Keiser 1974 Lima-Verde & Cascon 1990 Loebmann & Haddad 2010 Madella-Auricchio, Auricchio & Soares 2017 Marques, Mebert, Fonseca, Roedder, Sole & Tinoco 2016 Marques, Roedder, Sole & Tinoco 2017 Martins & Oliveira 1999 Mesquita, Alves, Pedro, Laranjeiras, Caldas, Pedrosa, Rodrigues, Drummond, Cavalcanti, Wachlevski, Nogueira-Costa, Franca & Franca 2018 Mesquita, Passos, Borges-Nojosa & Cechin 2013 Miranda, Costa & Rocha 2012 Nascimento Barbosa, Silva Amaral, Gusmao, Lira Lima, Melo Souza, Silva Aguiar, Maranhao dos Santos 2020 Nascimento, Avila-Pires & Cunha 1987 Nascimento, Avila-Pires, Santos & Lima 1991 Nascimento-Barbosa, Silva-Amaral, Pereira-Alcantara & Santos 2018 Nogueira, Argolo, Arzamendia, Azevedo, Barbo, Bernils, Bolochio, Borges-Martins, Brasil-Godinho, Braz, Buononato, Cisneros-Heredia & Colli 2019 Oliveira Lima, Andrade, Lima da Silva & Reis Dias 2022 Oliveira, Araujo, Oliveira & Avila 2021 Oliveira, Gonzalez, Passos, Vrcibradic & Rocha 2020 Oliveira, Muniz & Moura 2016 O'Shea 1990 Pereira-Filho & Montingelli 2011 Pereira-Ribeiro, Ferreguetti, Bergallo & Rocha 2022 Prudente, Melo Sarmento, Camara Costa, Moreira Dourado, Meireles dos Santos, Ferreira Lima, Dias Lima & Galatti 2020 Queiroga Cavalcanti, Borges Costa, Rinaldi Colli, Correa Costa, Rodrigues Franca, Oliveira-Mesquita, Silva Palmeira, Pelegrin, Bello Soares, Tucker & Garda 2014 Recoder, Junior, Camacho, Nunes, Mott, Valdujo, Ghellere, Nogueira & Rodrigues 2011 Ribeiro, Roberto, Sales, Avila & Almeida 2012 Roberto & Loebmann 2016 Rocha & Prudente 2010 Rocha, Bergallo, Pombal, Geise, Sluys, Fernandes & Caramaschi 2004 Rodrigues, Gama, Filho & Franca 2015 Rodrigues, Maschio & Prudente 2016 Rojas-Padilla, Menezes, Dias, Argolo, Sole & Orrico 2020 Ruschi 1966 Sales, Lisboa & Freire 2009 Sampaio, Santos, Franca, Pedrosa, Sole & Franca 2018 Santana, Vieira, Pereira-Filho, Delfim, Lima & Vieira 2008 Santos Caldas, Borges Costa, Laranjeiras, Oliveira Mesquita & Garda 2016 Santos-Costa, Maschio & Prudente 2015 Silva 1993 Silva Cozer, Pereira-Ribeiro, Meirelles Linause, Colombo Ferreguetti, Godoy Bergallo & Rocha 2020 Silva, Menks, Prudente, Costa, Travassos & Galatti 2011 Silva, Silva, Sena & Nascimento 2006 Silva, Souza & Bernarde 2010 Silva-Soares, Ferreira, Salles & Rocha 2011 Souza-Costa, Mira-Mendes, Ribeiro Dias, Brito Silva, Argolo & Sole 2020 Tavares Mendonca, Silva Vieira & Nobrega Alves 2014 Tavares, Melo, Campos, Oda & Strussmann 2012 Vanzolini, Ramos-Costa & Vitt 1980 Vechio, Teixeira Junior, Recoder, Rodrigues & Zaher 2016 Vitt & Vangilder 1984 Wagler 1824 Waldez, Menin & Vogt 2013 Williams & Vanzolini 1980 Yuki & Santos 1998   Oxybelis fulgidus Green Vine Snake Amaral 1949 Araujo, Ribeiro, Andrade, Pereira, Guzzi & Avila 2020 Avila-Pires 2005 Bernarde & Abe 2006 Bernarde & Abe 2010 Bernarde, Albuquerque, Barros & Turci 2012 Bernarde, Machado & Turci 2011 Carvalho, Souza Alencar & Carvalho-Vilar 2007 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Costa-Campos, Ribeiro Sanches, Pedroso-Santos, Figueiredo, Tavares-Pinheiro & Almeida-Santos 2021 Cunha, Nascimento & Avila-Pires 1985 Debien, Waldez & Menin 2019 Franca, Freitas, Ramalho & Bernarde 2017 Freitas, Mendes Venancio, Abegg, Santos Azevedo, Oliveira Pereira, Pinheiro Zanotti, Veloso, Schwarzbach, Oliveira e Sousa, Cruz-da-Silva, Goncalves de Amorim & Barbosa de Moura 2020 Freitas, Vieira, Entiauspe-Neto, Oliveira-e-Sousa, Farias, Sousa & Moura 2017 Frota, Santos, Chaldikis & Guedes 2005 Hoge, Romano & Cordeiro 1978 Martins & Oliveira 1999 Maschio, Santos-Costa & Prudente 2016 Miranda, Costa & Rocha 2012 Nascimento, Avila Pires & Cunha 1988 Nascimento, Avila-Pires, Santos & Lima 1991 Nogueira, Argolo, Arzamendia, Azevedo, Barbo, Bernils, Bolochio, Borges-Martins, Brasil-Godinho, Braz, Buononato, Cisneros-Heredia & Colli 2019 Prudente, Maschio, Santos-Costa & Feitosa 2010 Prudente, Melo Sarmento, Camara Costa, Moreira Dourado, Meireles dos Santos, Ferreira Lima, Dias Lima & Galatti 2020 Rodrigues, Lima, Pinto & Martins 2005 Rodrigues, Maschio & Prudente 2016 Santos Azevedo, Oliveira & Costa 2021 Santos-Costa, Maschio & Prudente 2015 Scartozzoni, Salomao & Almeida-Santos 2009 Silva, Menks, Prudente, Costa, Travassos & Galatti 2011 Silva, Souza & Bernarde 2010 Strussmann & Carvalho 1998 Tavares, Melo, Campos, Oda & Strussmann 2012 Waldez, Menin & Vogt 2013 Yuki & Santos 1998 Genus Oxyrhopus (Calico Snakes)   Oxyrhopus clathratus Southern Brazilian Calico Snake Abrahao-Morato 2005 Almeida-Gomes, Siqueira, Borges-Junior, Vrcibradic, Fusinatto & Rocha 2014 Almeida-Gomes, Siquiera, Borges-Junior, Vrcibradic, Fusinatto & Rocha 2014 Araujo, Condez, Bovo, Centeno & Luiz 2010 Argolo 2001 Barbo 2008 Barbo, Marques & Sawaya 2011 Bernardo, Machado, Murphy & Zaher 2012 Bernils & Moura-Leite 2010 Bernils, Batista & Bertelli 2001 Bertoluci, Canelas, Eisemberg, Palmuti & Montingelli 2009 Cicchi, Sena, Peccinini-Seale & Duarte 2007 Condez, Sawaya & Dixo 2009 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Costa, Pantoja, Pontes & Feio 2010 Costa, Resende, Gonzalez, Cotta & Feio 2014 Cruz-Centeno, Sawaya & Marques 2008 Cruz-Forlani, Bernardo, Haddad & Zaher 2010 Cunha de Oliveira & Soares de Oliveira 2014 Duarte Rocha, Silva Telles, Vrcibradic & Nogueira-Costa 2018 Fiorillo, Silva, Menezes, Marques & Martins 2020 Franca, Franca, Roedder & Sole 2022 Gonzales, Reichle & Entiauspe-Neto 2020 Gutsche, Kwet, Kucharzewski & Hallermann 2007 Hamdan & Lira-da-Silva 2012 Hartmann, Hartmann & Martins 2009 Hartmann, Hartmann & Martins 2011 Kunz & Ghizoni 2009 Kunz, Ghizoni, Santos & Hartmann 2007 Lema 1994 Marques, Pereira, Barbo, Germano & Sawaya 2009 Marquez & Sazima 2004 Menezes, Abegg, Silva, Franco & Feio 2018 Moura, Motta, Fernandes & Feio 2012 Nogueira, Argolo, Arzamendia, Azevedo, Barbo, Bernils, Bolochio, Borges-Martins, Brasil-Godinho, Braz, Buononato, Cisneros-Heredia & Colli 2019 Oliveira, Gonzalez, Passos, Vrcibradic & Rocha 2020 Oliveira, Santos, Lopes-Silva, Vasconcelos Barros, Risse-Quaioto, Militao, Fatorelli, Belmoch, Marcial de Castro & Rocha 2020 Ortiz, Freitas, Rodrigues, Abegg & Franco 2017 Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 Rocha & Sluys 2006 Rocha, Bergallo, Pombal, Geise, Sluys, Fernandes & Caramaschi 2004 Rojas-Padilla, Menezes, Dias, Argolo, Sole & Orrico 2020 Sousa, Gomides, Hudson, Ribeiro & Novelli 2012 Souza Filho & Oliveira 2015 Souza-Filho, Plombon & Capela 2015 Spengler Waltrick & Menta Giasson 2021 Trevine, Forlani, Haddad & Zaher 2014 Zaher, Barbo, Martinez, Nogueira, Rodrigues & Sawaya 2011 Zanella, Paula, Guaragni & Machado 2013 Zanella, Paula, Guaragni & Souza 2013   Oxyrhopus formosus Yellow-headed Calico Snake Amaral 1949 [as Pseudoboa submarginata] Argolo 2004 Avila-Pires 2005 Avila-Pires, Vitt, Sartorius & Zani 2009 Bernarde, Albuquerque, Barros & Turci 2012 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Debien, Waldez & Menin 2019 Franca, Franca, Roedder & Sole 2022 Frota, Santos, Chaldikis & Guedes 2005 Hamdan & Lira-da-Silva 2012 MacCulloch, Lathrop, Kok, Ernst & Kalamandeen 2009 Martins & Oliveira 1999 Maschio, Santos-Costa & Prudente 2016 Nogueira, Argolo, Arzamendia, Azevedo, Barbo, Bernils, Bolochio, Borges-Martins, Brasil-Godinho, Braz, Buononato, Cisneros-Heredia & Colli 2019 Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 Prudente, Maschio, Santos-Costa & Feitosa 2010 Rojas-Padilla, Menezes, Dias, Argolo, Sole & Orrico 2020 Ruschi 1966 Silva 1993 [as "cf. formosus"] Silva Cozer, Pereira-Ribeiro, Meirelles Linause, Colombo Ferreguetti, Godoy Bergallo & Rocha 2020 Tonini, Carao, Pinto, Gasparini, Leite & Costa 2010   Oxyrhopus guibei Parana Calico Snake Araujo & Almeida-Santos 2011 Argolo 2004 Barbo 2008 Barbo, Marques & Sawaya 2011 Carvalho, Silva, Ferreira, Souza & Santana 2018 Castro, Mangia, Medeiros Magalhaes, Roehr, Camurugi, Silveira Filho, Silva, Andrade-Oliveira, Sousa, Rodrigues Franca, Harris, Garda & Borges-Nojosa 2019 Cintra, Silva & Silva 2009 Condez, Sawaya & Dixo 2009 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Costa, Pantoja, Pontes & Feio 2010 Costa, Resende, Gonzalez, Cotta & Feio 2014 Cruz-Centeno, Sawaya & Marques 2008 Cruz-Forlani, Bernardo, Haddad & Zaher 2010 Ferreira, Terra, Piatti, Delatorre, Strussmann, Beda, Kawashita-Ribeiro, Landgref-Filho, Aoki, Campos, Souza, Avila, Duleba, Martins, Rita & Albuquerque 2017 Fiorillo, Maciel & Martins 2021 Franca & Araujo 2006 Franca & Silva Braz 2013 Franca, Germano & Franca 2012 Freire 1999 Freitas, Colli, Entiauspe-Neto, Trinchao, Araujo, Oliveira Lima, Franca, Gaiga & Dias 2016 Freitas, Franca, Graboski, Uhlig & Verissimo 2012 Freitas, Verissimo & Uhlig 2012 Giraudo & Scrocchi 2002 Gonzales, Reichle & Entiauspe-Neto 2020 Guedes, Nogueira & Marques 2014 Hamdan & Lira-da-Silva 2012 Hoge & Romano 1978 Linares & Eterovick 2013 Lopes Santos, Pereira de Andrade, Victor-Junior & Vaz-Silva 2014 Marques, Pereira, Barbo, Germano & Sawaya 2009 Mendes-Pinto & Miranda 2011 Mesquita, Alves, Pedro, Laranjeiras, Caldas, Pedrosa, Rodrigues, Drummond, Cavalcanti, Wachlevski, Nogueira-Costa, Franca & Franca 2018 Moura, Motta, Fernandes & Feio 2012 Nogueira, Argolo, Arzamendia, Azevedo, Barbo, Bernils, Bolochio, Borges-Martins, Brasil-Godinho, Braz, Buononato, Cisneros-Heredia & Colli 2019 Oliveira Neves, Yves, Almeida Pereira, Alves, Bonfim Vasques, Teixeira Coelho & Santos Silva 2019 Oliveira, Gonzalez, Passos, Vrcibradic & Rocha 2020 Oliveira-Araujo, Correa-Filho & Sawaya 2010 Ortiz, Freitas, Rodrigues, Abegg & Franco 2017 Pereira Ramalho, Fagundes Franca, Guerra, Marciano, Vale & Rodrigues Silva 2018 Pereira-Filho & Montingelli 2011 Pires, Borges, Souza & Eterovick 2012 Ramalho, Silva, Soares, Ferraz, Arruda & Prado 2018 Rojas-Padilla, Menezes, Dias, Argolo, Sole & Orrico 2020 Santana, Vieira, Pereira-Filho, Delfim, Lima & Vieira 2008 Santos Dainesi, Abegg, Bernarde, Pena Correa, Caetano Machado, Oliveira Meneses & Sena Santos 2019 Sao-Pedro & Pires 2009 Sawaya, Marques & Martins 2008 Sazima & Manzani 1995 Shibatta, Galves, Carmo, Lima, Lopes & Machado 2009 Silva, Silva, Sena & Nascimento 2006 Silveira 2008 Sousa, Gomides, Hudson, Ribeiro & Novelli 2012 Sousa, Nascimento, Gomides, Rios, Hudson & Novelli 2010 Trevine, Forlani, Haddad & Zaher 2014 Varela Rios, Novelli, Hudson, Cozendey, Lima & Sousa 2017 Zaher & Caramaschi 1992 Zaher, Barbo, Martinez, Nogueira, Rodrigues & Sawaya 2011   Oxyrhopus melanogenys Black-headed Calico Snake Amaral 1949 [as Pseudoboa bitorquata] Avila & Kawashita-Ribeiro 2011 Avila-Pires 2005 [as "aff. melanogenys"] Bernarde & Abe 2006 Bernarde & Abe 2010 Bernarde, Albuquerque, Barros & Turci 2012 Bernarde, Albuquerque, Miranda & Turci 2013 Bernarde, Machado & Turci 2011 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Costa-Campos, Ribeiro Sanches, Pedroso-Santos, Figueiredo, Tavares-Pinheiro & Almeida-Santos 2021 Cunha & Nascimento 1983 Debien, Waldez & Menin 2019 Dias-Lima 2008 [as "melanogenesis"] Ferrao, Filho & Silva 2012 Fonseca, Silva, Abegg, Rosa & Bernarde 2019 Franca, Freitas, Ramalho & Bernarde 2017 Freitas, Mendes Venancio, Abegg, Santos Azevedo, Oliveira Pereira, Pinheiro Zanotti, Veloso, Schwarzbach, Oliveira e Sousa, Cruz-da-Silva, Goncalves de Amorim & Barbosa de Moura 2020 Freitas, Vieira, Entiauspe-Neto, Oliveira-e-Sousa, Farias, Sousa & Moura 2017 Frota 2000 Frota, Santos, Chaldikis & Guedes 2005 Gascon & Pereira 1993 [as "cf. melanogenys"] Gonzales, Reichle & Entiauspe-Neto 2020 Loebmann & Haddad 2010 Loebmann & Roberto 2009 Martins & Oliveira 1999 [as "cf. melanogenys"] Maschio, Santos-Costa & Prudente 2016 Nascimento, Avila Pires & Cunha 1988 Nascimento, Avila-Pires & Cunha 1987 Nogueira, Argolo, Arzamendia, Azevedo, Barbo, Bernils, Bolochio, Borges-Martins, Brasil-Godinho, Braz, Buononato, Cisneros-Heredia & Colli 2019 Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 Prudente, Melo Sarmento, Camara Costa, Moreira Dourado, Meireles dos Santos, Ferreira Lima, Dias Lima & Galatti 2020 Ribeiro, Roberto, Sales, Avila & Almeida 2012 Ribeiro-Junior, Rossi, Miranda & Avila-Pires 2011 Roberto & Loebmann 2016 Rodrigues, Maschio & Prudente 2016 Rodrigues-Franca & Mendes Venancio 2010 Santos-Costa, Maschio & Prudente 2015 Silva 1993 Silva, Souza & Bernarde 2010 Tavares, Melo, Campos, Oda & Strussmann 2012 Turci & Bernarde 2008 Turci & Bernarde 2009 Yuki & Santos 1998 Zaher & Caramaschi 1992   Oxyrhopus occipitalis Northern Calico Snake Avila-Pires 1995 [as formosus] Bernarde, Albuquerque, Barros & Turci 2012 Bernarde, Machado & Turci 2011 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Freitas, Mendes Venancio, Abegg, Santos Azevedo, Oliveira Pereira, Pinheiro Zanotti, Veloso, Schwarzbach, Oliveira e Sousa, Cruz-da-Silva, Goncalves de Amorim & Barbosa de Moura 2020 MacCulloch, Lathrop, Kok, Ernst & Kalamandeen 2009 Mendes-Pinto & Souza 2011 Miranda, Venancio & Albuquerque 2014 Pedroso Santos, Ribeiro Sanches & Costa-Campos 2019 Prudente, Melo Sarmento, Camara Costa, Moreira Dourado, Meireles dos Santos, Ferreira Lima, Dias Lima & Galatti 2020 Silva 1993 [as "cf. occipitalis"] Silva, Souza & Bernarde 2010 Waldez, Menin & Vogt 2013   Oxyrhopus petolarius Banded Calico Snake Almeida-Gomes, Siqueira, Borges-Junior, Vrcibradic, Fusinatto & Rocha 2014 Almeida-Gomes, Siquiera, Borges-Junior, Vrcibradic, Fusinatto & Rocha 2014 Araujo & Almeida-Santos 2011 Argolo 2004 Avila & Kawashita-Ribeiro 2011 Avila-Pires 2005 Avila-Pires, Hoogmoed & Rocha 2010 Avila-Pires, Vitt, Sartorius & Zani 2009 Bernarde & Abe 2006 Bernarde, Albuquerque, Barros & Turci 2012 Bernarde, Albuquerque, Miranda & Turci 2013 Bernarde, Machado & Turci 2011 Carvalho, Silva, Ferreira, Souza & Santana 2018 Carvalho, Souza Alencar & Carvalho-Vilar 2007 Castro & Teixeira 2007 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Costa, Pantoja, Pontes & Feio 2010 Cunha, Nascimento & Avila-Pires 1985 Debien, Waldez & Menin 2019 Dias-Lima 2008 Ferreira, Terra, Piatti, Delatorre, Strussmann, Beda, Kawashita-Ribeiro, Landgref-Filho, Aoki, Campos, Souza, Avila, Duleba, Martins, Rita & Albuquerque 2017 Fonseca, Silva, Abegg, Rosa & Bernarde 2019 Franca, Barros & Horta 2010 Franca, Franca, Roedder & Sole 2022 Franca, Freitas, Ramalho & Bernarde 2017 Franca, Germano & Franca 2012 [as petola] Freitas 2014 Freitas, Abegg, Ribeiro Dias & Figueiredo Moraes 2018 Freitas, Colli, Entiauspe-Neto, Trinchao, Araujo, Oliveira Lima, Franca, Gaiga & Dias 2016 Freitas, Mendes Venancio, Abegg, Santos Azevedo, Oliveira Pereira, Pinheiro Zanotti, Veloso, Schwarzbach, Oliveira e Sousa, Cruz-da-Silva, Goncalves de Amorim & Barbosa de Moura 2020 Freitas, Santos Silva, Mendes Fonseca, Hamdan, Filadelfo & Abegg 2019 Freitas, Vieira, Entiauspe-Neto, Oliveira-e-Sousa, Farias, Sousa & Moura 2017 Frota, Santos, Chaldikis & Guedes 2005 Gonzales, Reichle & Entiauspe-Neto 2020 Guedes, Nogueira & Marques 2014 Hamdan & Lira-da-Silva 2012 Lopes Santos, Pereira de Andrade, Victor-Junior & Vaz-Silva 2014 Marques, Mebert, Fonseca, Roedder, Sole & Tinoco 2016 Marques, Roedder, Sole & Tinoco 2017 Maschio, Santos-Costa & Prudente 2016 Melo, Moura, Freitas, Andrade, Casal, Abegg & Kokubum 2018 Mendes-Pinto & Souza 2011 Mesquita, Alves, Pedro, Laranjeiras, Caldas, Pedrosa, Rodrigues, Drummond, Cavalcanti, Wachlevski, Nogueira-Costa, Franca & Franca 2018 Miranda, Venancio & Albuquerque 2014 Moura, Motta, Fernandes & Feio 2012 [as petola] Nascimento Barbosa, Silva Amaral, Gusmao, Lira Lima, Melo Souza, Silva Aguiar, Maranhao dos Santos 2020 Nogueira, Argolo, Arzamendia, Azevedo, Barbo, Bernils, Bolochio, Borges-Martins, Brasil-Godinho, Braz, Buononato, Cisneros-Heredia & Colli 2019 Oliveira Lima, Andrade, Lima da Silva & Reis Dias 2022 Oliveira, Gonzalez, Passos, Vrcibradic & Rocha 2020 Oliveira, Muniz & Moura 2016 Oliveira, Santos, Lopes-Silva, Vasconcelos Barros, Risse-Quaioto, Militao, Fatorelli, Belmoch, Marcial de Castro & Rocha 2020 O'Shea 1990 Pedroso Santos, Ribeiro Sanches & Costa-Campos 2019 Pereira Ramalho, Fagundes Franca, Guerra, Marciano, Vale & Rodrigues Silva 2018 Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 Pinheiro, Abe, Bitar, Albarelli & Santos-Costa 2015 Pontes, Figueiredo, Pontes & Rocha 2008 Protazio, Protazio, Silva, Conceicao, Braga, Santos, Ribeiro, Almeida, Gama, Vieira & Silva 2021 Prudente, Maschio, Santos-Costa & Feitosa 2010 Prudente, Melo Sarmento, Camara Costa, Moreira Dourado, Meireles dos Santos, Ferreira Lima, Dias Lima & Galatti 2020 Reis Martins, Bruno & Vecchi 2010 Roberto, Oliveira, Araujo-Filho, Oliveira & Avila 2017 Rocha, Bergallo, Pombal, Geise, Sluys, Fernandes & Caramaschi 2004 Rojas-Padilla, Menezes, Dias, Argolo, Sole & Orrico 2020 Salles & Silva-Soares 2010 Salles, Weber & Silva-Soares 2010 Sampaio, Santos, Franca, Pedrosa, Sole & Franca 2018 Santana, Vieira, Pereira-Filho, Delfim, Lima & Vieira 2008 Santos Dainesi, Abegg, Bernarde, Pena Correa, Caetano Machado, Oliveira Meneses & Sena Santos 2019 Silva 1993 Silva Cozer, Pereira-Ribeiro, Meirelles Linause, Colombo Ferreguetti, Godoy Bergallo & Rocha 2020 Silva, Silva, Sena & Nascimento 2006 Silva, Souza & Bernarde 2010 Silva-Soares, Ferreira, Salles & Rocha 2011 Souza Palmuti, Cassimiro & Bertoluci 2009 Souza-Costa, Mira-Mendes, Ribeiro Dias, Brito Silva, Argolo & Sole 2020 Tavares, Melo, Campos, Oda & Strussmann 2012 Valdujo & Nogueira 2001 Vaz-Silva, Guimaraes-Guedes, Azevedo-Silva, Gontijo, Barbosa, Aloisio & Oliveira 2007 Vrcibradic, Almeida-Gomes, Siqueira, Borges-Junior & Rocha 2011 Vrcibradic, Rocha, Kiefer, Hatano, Fontes, Almeida-Gomes, Siqueira, Pontes, Borges-Junior, Gil, Klaion, Rubiao & Sluys 2011 Zaher, Barbo, Martinez, Nogueira, Rodrigues & Sawaya 2011   Oxyrhopus rhombifer Rhombic Calico Snake Araujo & Almeida-Santos 2011 Argolo & Freitas 2000 Bernarde, Albuquerque, Barros & Turci 2012 Bernils, Batista & Bertelli 2001 Carvalho & Nogueira 1998 Cordeiro & Hoge 1973 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Costa, Pantoja, Pontes & Feio 2010 Costa, Resende, Gonzalez, Cotta & Feio 2014 Cruz-Forlani, Bernardo, Haddad & Zaher 2010 Ferreira, Terra, Piatti, Delatorre, Strussmann, Beda, Kawashita-Ribeiro, Landgref-Filho, Aoki, Campos, Souza, Avila, Duleba, Martins, Rita & Albuquerque 2017 Fiorillo, Maciel & Martins 2021 Franca & Araujo 2006 Franca & Silva Braz 2013 Franca, Franca, Roedder & Sole 2022 Freitas, Colli, Entiauspe-Neto, Trinchao, Araujo, Oliveira Lima, Franca, Gaiga & Dias 2016 Freitas, Verissimo & Uhlig 2012 Ghizoni, Kunz, Cherem & Bernils 2009 Gonzales, Reichle & Entiauspe-Neto 2020 Guedes, Nogueira & Marques 2014 Hamdan & Lira da Silva 2008 Hamdan & Lira-da-Silva 2012 Kunz & Ghizoni 2009 Kunz, Ghizoni & Giasson 2011 Kunz, Ghizoni, Santos & Hartmann 2007 Lema 1994 Mendes-Pinto & Souza 2011 Menezes, Abegg, Silva, Franco & Feio 2018 Moreira, Fenolio, Silva & Silva 2009 Nogueira, Argolo, Arzamendia, Azevedo, Barbo, Bernils, Bolochio, Borges-Martins, Brasil-Godinho, Braz, Buononato, Cisneros-Heredia & Colli 2019 Oliveira-Araujo, Correa-Filho & Sawaya 2010 Outeiral, Balestrin, Cappellari, Lema & Ferreira 2018 Pereira-Ribeiro, Ferreguetti, Bergallo & Rocha 2022 Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 Rocha, Bergallo, Pombal, Geise, Sluys, Fernandes & Caramaschi 2004 Santos, Oliveira & Tozetti 2012 Sawaya, Marques & Martins 2008 Souza Filho & Verrastro 2012 Souza, Uetanabaro, Landgref-Filho, Piatti & Prado 2010 Souza-Filho, Plombon & Capela 2015 Spengler Waltrick & Menta Giasson 2021 Tavares, Melo, Campos, Oda & Strussmann 2012 Valdujo & Nogueira 2001 Vechio, Recoder, Rodrigues & Zaher 2013 Winck, Santos & Cechin 2007 Zaher, Barbo, Martinez, Nogueira, Rodrigues & Sawaya 2011   Oxyrhopus trigeminus Northern Brazilian Calico Snake Alencar, Galdino & Nascimento 2012 Alves Benicio, Mesquita, Cavalcante & Fonseca 2015 Amaral 1949 Araujo & Almeida-Santos 2011 Araujo, Ribeiro, Andrade, Pereira, Guzzi & Avila 2020 Arzabe, Skuk, Santana, Delfim, Lima & Abrantes 2005 Avila-Pires 2005 Avila-Pires, Vitt, Sartorius & Zani 2009 Bertoluci, Canelas, Eisemberg, Palmuti & Montingelli 2009 Borges-Leite, Rodrigues & Borges-Nojosa 2014 Borges-Nojosa & Cascon 2005 Borges-Nojosa & Santos 2005 Calixto & Morato 2017 Campos & Lage 2013 Carvalho & Nogueira 1998 [as "aff. trigeminus"] Carvalho, Silva, Ferreira, Souza & Santana 2018 Castro, Mangia, Medeiros Magalhaes, Roehr, Camurugi, Silveira Filho, Silva, Andrade-Oliveira, Sousa, Rodrigues Franca, Harris, Garda & Borges-Nojosa 2019 Cordeiro & Hoge 1973 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Costa, Laranjeiras, Caldas, Santana, Silva, Alcantara, Brito, Galdino, Mesquita, Faria, Franca, Avila & Garda 2018 Costa, Resende, Gonzalez, Cotta & Feio 2014 Cruz-Forlani, Bernardo, Haddad & Zaher 2010 Ferreira, Terra, Piatti, Delatorre, Strussmann, Beda, Kawashita-Ribeiro, Landgref-Filho, Aoki, Campos, Souza, Avila, Duleba, Martins, Rita & Albuquerque 2017 Franca & Araujo 2006 Franca & Silva Braz 2013 Franca, Germano & Franca 2012 Freitas 2014 Freitas, Abegg, Ribeiro Dias & Figueiredo Moraes 2018 Freitas, Abegg, Silva Araujo, Almeida Coelho, Santos Azevedo, Frazao Chaves & Barbosa de Moura 2019 Freitas, Colli, Entiauspe-Neto, Trinchao, Araujo, Oliveira Lima, Franca, Gaiga & Dias 2016 Freitas, Santos Silva, Mendes Fonseca, Hamdan, Filadelfo & Abegg 2019 Freitas, Verissimo & Uhlig 2012 Frota, Santos, Chaldikis & Guedes 2005 Garda, Costa, Santos-Silva, Mesquita, Faria, Conceicao, Silva, Ferreira, Rocha, Palmeira, Rodrigues, Ferrari & Torquato 2013 Gonzales, Reichle & Entiauspe-Neto 2020 Guedes, Nogueira & Marques 2014 Hamdan & Lira-da-Silva 2012 Hoge & Romano 1978 Hoge, Romano & Cordeiro 1978 Lima-Verde & Cascon 1990 Linares & Eterovick 2013 Loebmann & Haddad 2010 Lopes Santos, Pereira de Andrade, Victor-Junior & Vaz-Silva 2014 Madella-Auricchio, Auricchio & Soares 2017 Marques, Mebert, Fonseca, Roedder, Sole & Tinoco 2016 Marques, Roedder, Sole & Tinoco 2017 Marques, Tinoco, Couto-Ferreira, Fazolato, Browne-Ribeiro, Travassos, Dias & Mota 2011 Mesquita, Passos, Borges-Nojosa & Cechin 2013 Miranda, Costa & Rocha 2012 Moreira, Fenolio, Silva & Silva 2009 Moura, Motta, Fernandes & Feio 2012 Nascimento Barbosa, Silva Amaral, Gusmao, Lira Lima, Melo Souza, Silva Aguiar, Maranhao dos Santos 2020 Nascimento, Avila-Pires, Santos & Lima 1991 Nascimento-Barbosa, Silva-Amaral, Pereira-Alcantara & Santos 2018 Nogueira, Argolo, Arzamendia, Azevedo, Barbo, Bernils, Bolochio, Borges-Martins, Brasil-Godinho, Braz, Buononato, Cisneros-Heredia & Colli 2019 Oliveira Lima, Andrade, Lima da Silva & Reis Dias 2022 Oliveira Neves, Yves, Almeida Pereira, Alves, Bonfim Vasques, Teixeira Coelho & Santos Silva 2019 Oliveira, Araujo, Oliveira & Avila 2021 Oliveira, Gonzalez, Passos, Vrcibradic & Rocha 2020 Pedrosa, Costa, Faria, Franca, Laranjeiras, Oliveira, Palmeira, Torquata, Mott, Vieira & Garda 2014 Pereira-Filho & Montingelli 2011 Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 Pires, Borges, Souza & Eterovick 2012 Protazio, Protazio, Silva, Conceicao, Braga, Santos, Ribeiro, Almeida, Gama, Vieira & Silva 2021 Prudente, Melo Sarmento, Camara Costa, Moreira Dourado, Meireles dos Santos, Ferreira Lima, Dias Lima & Galatti 2020 Queiroga Cavalcanti, Borges Costa, Rinaldi Colli, Correa Costa, Rodrigues Franca, Oliveira-Mesquita, Silva Palmeira, Pelegrin, Bello Soares, Tucker & Garda 2014 Ramalho, Silva, Soares, Ferraz, Arruda & Prado 2018 Recoder, Junior, Camacho, Nunes, Mott, Valdujo, Ghellere, Nogueira & Rodrigues 2011 Ribeiro, Roberto, Sales, Avila & Almeida 2012 Roberto & Loebmann 2016 Roberto, Oliveira, Araujo-Filho, Oliveira & Avila 2017 Rocha & Prudente 2010 Rocha, Bergallo, Pombal, Geise, Sluys, Fernandes & Caramaschi 2004 Rodrigues, Gama, Filho & Franca 2015 Rodrigues, Maschio & Prudente 2016 Sales, Lisboa & Freire 2009 Sampaio, Santos, Franca, Pedrosa, Sole & Franca 2018 Santos Caldas, Borges Costa, Laranjeiras, Oliveira Mesquita & Garda 2016 Santos, Avila & Kawashita-Ribeiro 2011 Silva Rodrigues & Prudente 2011 Silva, Cintra, Silva, Costa, Amaral-Souza, Pacheco & Goncalves 2009 Silva, Rocha & Nogueira-Paranhos 2016 Silva, Silva, Sena & Nascimento 2006 Souza-Costa, Mira-Mendes, Ribeiro Dias, Brito Silva, Argolo & Sole 2020 Vanzolini, Ramos-Costa & Vitt 1980 Vaz-Silva, Guimaraes-Guedes, Azevedo-Silva, Gontijo, Barbosa, Aloisio & Oliveira 2007 Vechio, Recoder, Rodrigues & Zaher 2013 Vechio, Teixeira Junior, Recoder, Rodrigues & Zaher 2016 Vitt & Vangilder 1984 Williams & Vanzolini 1980 Yuki & Santos 1998 Zaher & Caramaschi 1992   Oxyrhopus vanidicus Leticia Calico Snake Bernarde, Albuquerque, Barros & Turci 2012 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Gonzales, Reichle & Entiauspe-Neto 2020 Lynch 2009 Nogueira, Argolo, Arzamendia, Azevedo, Barbo, Bernils, Bolochio, Borges-Martins, Brasil-Godinho, Braz, Buononato, Cisneros-Heredia & Colli 2019 Waldez, Menin & Vogt 2013 Genus Palusophis (Eastern Lizard Eater)   Palusophis bifossatus Eastern Lizard Eater Araujo & Almeida-Santos 2011 Argolo 2004 Avila-Pires 2005 Bernils, Batista & Bertelli 2001 Borges-Leite, Rodrigues & Borges-Nojosa 2014 Carvalho & Nogueira 1998 Carvalho, Silva, Ferreira, Souza & Santana 2018 Cordeiro & Hoge 1973 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Costa, Pantoja, Pontes & Feio 2010 Cruz-Centeno, Sawaya & Marques 2008 Cunha, Nascimento & Avila-Pires 1985 Dias-Lima 2008 Duarte Rocha, Silva Telles, Vrcibradic & Nogueira-Costa 2018 Ferreira, Terra, Piatti, Delatorre, Strussmann, Beda, Kawashita-Ribeiro, Landgref-Filho, Aoki, Campos, Souza, Avila, Duleba, Martins, Rita & Albuquerque 2017 Franca & Araujo 2006 Franca & Silva Braz 2013 Franca, Franca, Roedder & Sole 2022 Freitas 2014 Freitas, Colli, Entiauspe-Neto, Trinchao, Araujo, Oliveira Lima, Franca, Gaiga & Dias 2016 Freitas, Vieira, Entiauspe-Neto, Oliveira-e-Sousa, Farias, Sousa & Moura 2017 Frota, Santos, Chaldikis & Guedes 2005 Ghizoni, Kunz, Cherem & Bernils 2009 Guedes, Nogueira & Marques 2014 Hamdan & Lira-da-Silva 2012 Hoge, Russo, Santos & Furtado 1981 Hoogmoed 1997 Kunz, Ghizoni, Santos & Hartmann 2007 Leite, Nunes, Kaefer & Cechin 2009 Lema 1994 Lima-Verde & Cascon 1990 Marques & Muriel 2007 Marques, Mebert, Fonseca, Roedder, Sole & Tinoco 2016 Marques, Pereira, Barbo, Germano & Sawaya 2009 Marques, Roedder, Sole & Tinoco 2017 Mesquita, Passos, Borges-Nojosa & Cechin 2013 Miranda, Costa & Rocha 2012 Montingelli 2009 Montingelli, Grazziotin, Battilana, Murphy, Zhang & Zaher 2019 Nogueira, Argolo, Arzamendia, Azevedo, Barbo, Bernils, Bolochio, Borges-Martins, Brasil-Godinho, Braz, Buononato, Cisneros-Heredia & Colli 2019 Oliveira, Gonzalez, Passos, Vrcibradic & Rocha 2020 Outeiral, Balestrin, Cappellari, Lema & Ferreira 2018 Pereira-Filho & Montingelli 2011 Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 Prudente, Melo Sarmento, Camara Costa, Moreira Dourado, Meireles dos Santos, Ferreira Lima, Dias Lima & Galatti 2020 Roberto & Loebmann 2016 Rocha, Bergallo, Pombal, Geise, Sluys, Fernandes & Caramaschi 2004 Rodrigues, Maschio & Prudente 2016 Ruschi 1966 Salles & Silva-Soares 2010 Sampaio, Santos, Franca, Pedrosa, Sole & Franca 2018 Santos Dainesi, Abegg, Bernarde, Pena Correa, Caetano Machado, Oliveira Meneses & Sena Santos 2019 Sao-Pedro & Pires 2009 Sazima & Manzani 1995 Shibatta, Galves, Carmo, Lima, Lopes & Machado 2009 Silva Rodrigues & Prudente 2011 Silva, Cintra, Silva, Costa, Amaral-Souza, Pacheco & Goncalves 2009 Silva-Soares, Ferreira, Salles & Rocha 2011 Souza Filho & Verrastro 2012 Souza, Uetanabaro, Landgref-Filho, Piatti & Prado 2010 Souza-Costa, Mira-Mendes, Ribeiro Dias, Brito Silva, Argolo & Sole 2020 Spengler Waltrick & Menta Giasson 2021 Strussmann & Sazima 1993 Strussmann, Almeida-Prado, Uetanabaro & Ferreira 2000 Tavares, Melo, Campos, Oda & Strussmann 2012 Vaz-Silva, Guimaraes-Guedes, Azevedo-Silva, Gontijo, Barbosa, Aloisio & Oliveira 2007 Vechio, Recoder, Rodrigues & Zaher 2013 Winck, Santos & Cechin 2007 Yuki & Santos 1998 Zaher, Barbo, Martinez, Nogueira, Rodrigues & Sawaya 2011 Genus Paraphimophis (Rusty Snake Eater)   Paraphimophis rusticus Rusty Snake Eater Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Franco, Marques & Puorto 1997 Giraudo & Scrocchi 2002 Lema 1994 Lima Silveira 2014 Nogueira, Argolo, Arzamendia, Azevedo, Barbo, Bernils, Bolochio, Borges-Martins, Brasil-Godinho, Braz, Buononato, Cisneros-Heredia & Colli 2019 Oliveira, Gonzalez, Passos, Vrcibradic & Rocha 2020 Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 Quintela, Medvedovsky, Ibarra, Neves & Figueiredo 2011 Rocha, Bergallo, Pombal, Geise, Sluys, Fernandes & Caramaschi 2004 Souza-Filho, Plombon & Capela 2015 Zaher 1996 Zaher, Barbo, Martinez, Nogueira, Rodrigues & Sawaya 2011 Genus Phalotris (South American Collared Snakes)   * Phalotris concolor Plain Collared Snake Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Entiauspe-Neto, Tiutenko, Santos Azevedo & Abegg 2021 Ferrarezzi 1993 Freitas, Colli, Entiauspe-Neto, Trinchao, Araujo, Oliveira Lima, Franca, Gaiga & Dias 2016 Lima Silveira 2020 [as P. cerradensis] Nogueira, Argolo, Arzamendia, Azevedo, Barbo, Bernils, Bolochio, Borges-Martins, Brasil-Godinho, Braz, Buononato, Cisneros-Heredia & Colli 2019 Ribeiro Moura, Costa & Magalhaes Pirani 2013   * Phalotris labiomaculatus Lip-spotted Collared Snake Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Entiauspe-Neto, Tiutenko, Santos Azevedo & Abegg 2021 Franca, Mesquita & Garda 2005 Hamdan, Silva, Silva, Cintra & Lema 2013 Lema 2002 Nogueira, Argolo, Arzamendia, Azevedo, Barbo, Bernils, Bolochio, Borges-Martins, Brasil-Godinho, Braz, Buononato, Cisneros-Heredia & Colli 2019   * Phalotris lativittatus Broad-striped Collared Snake Araujo & Almeida-Santos 2011 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Ferrarezzi 1993 Fiorillo, Maciel & Martins 2021 Lema 2002 Nogueira, Argolo, Arzamendia, Azevedo, Barbo, Bernils, Bolochio, Borges-Martins, Brasil-Godinho, Braz, Buononato, Cisneros-Heredia & Colli 2019 Sawaya, Marques & Martins 2008 Silveira-Vasconcelos & Gomes dos Santos 2009 Zaher, Barbo, Martinez, Nogueira, Rodrigues & Sawaya 2011   Phalotris lemniscatus Southern Black-sided Collared Snake Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Entiauspe-Neto, Perleberg & Freitas 2016 Entiauspe-Neto, Tiutenko, Santos Azevedo & Abegg 2021 Franca, Franca, Roedder & Sole 2022 Golay, Smith, Broadley, Dixon, McCarthy, Rage, Schatti & Toriba 1993 Lema 1994 Nogueira, Argolo, Arzamendia, Azevedo, Barbo, Bernils, Bolochio, Borges-Martins, Brasil-Godinho, Braz, Buononato, Cisneros-Heredia & Colli 2019 Outeiral, Balestrin, Cappellari, Lema & Ferreira 2018 Santos, Oliveira & Tozetti 2012 Souza Filho & Verrastro 2012   Phalotris matogrossensis Mato Grosso Collared Snake Bernarde & Macedo-Bernarde 2006 Carvalho & Nogueira 1998 [as tricolor] Carvalho, Silva, Ferreira, Souza & Santana 2018 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Entiauspe-Neto, Tiutenko, Santos Azevedo & Abegg 2021 Ferreira, Terra, Piatti, Delatorre, Strussmann, Beda, Kawashita-Ribeiro, Landgref-Filho, Aoki, Campos, Souza, Avila, Duleba, Martins, Rita & Albuquerque 2017 [as tricolor] Golay, Smith, Broadley, Dixon, McCarthy, Rage, Schatti & Toriba 1993 [as tricolor] Lema, D'Agostini & Cappellari 2005 Leynaud, Cabrera & Carrasco 2005 [as tricolor] Moura-Leite, Morato & Bernils 1996 [as tricolor] Nogueira, Argolo, Arzamendia, Azevedo, Barbo, Bernils, Bolochio, Borges-Martins, Brasil-Godinho, Braz, Buononato, Cisneros-Heredia & Colli 2019 Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 [as tricolor] Zaher, Barbo, Martinez, Nogueira, Rodrigues & Sawaya 2011   * Phalotris mertensi Sao Paulo Reticulated Collared Snake Araujo & Almeida-Santos 2011 Carvalho, Silva, Ferreira, Souza & Santana 2018 Condez, Sawaya & Dixo 2009 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Cruz-Forlani, Bernardo, Haddad & Zaher 2010 Ferreira, Terra, Piatti, Delatorre, Strussmann, Beda, Kawashita-Ribeiro, Landgref-Filho, Aoki, Campos, Souza, Avila, Duleba, Martins, Rita & Albuquerque 2017 Fiorillo, Maciel & Martins 2021 Golay, Smith, Broadley, Dixon, McCarthy, Rage, Schatti & Toriba 1993 Leynaud, Cabrera & Carrasco 2005 Marques, Pereira, Barbo, Germano & Sawaya 2009 Nogueira, Argolo, Arzamendia, Azevedo, Barbo, Bernils, Bolochio, Borges-Martins, Brasil-Godinho, Braz, Buononato, Cisneros-Heredia & Colli 2019 Oliveira-Araujo, Correa-Filho & Sawaya 2010 Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 Sawaya, Marques & Martins 2008 Sazima & Manzani 1995 Vaz-Silva, Guimaraes-Guedes, Azevedo-Silva, Gontijo, Barbosa, Aloisio & Oliveira 2007 Zaher, Barbo, Martinez, Nogueira, Rodrigues & Sawaya 2011   Phalotris multipunctatus Many-spotted Collared Snake Atkinson, Smith, Dickens & Lee-Zuck 2018 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Ferreira, Terra, Piatti, Delatorre, Strussmann, Beda, Kawashita-Ribeiro, Landgref-Filho, Aoki, Campos, Souza, Avila, Duleba, Martins, Rita & Albuquerque 2017 Nogueira, Argolo, Arzamendia, Azevedo, Barbo, Bernils, Bolochio, Borges-Martins, Brasil-Godinho, Braz, Buononato, Cisneros-Heredia & Colli 2019 Puorto & Ferrarezzi 1993 Sawaya, Marques & Martins 2008 Zaher, Barbo, Martinez, Nogueira, Rodrigues & Sawaya 2011   Phalotris nasutus Snouted Collared Snake Bernarde, Albuquerque, Barros & Turci 2012 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Entiauspe-Neto, Tiutenko, Santos Azevedo & Abegg 2021 Ferrarezzi 1993 Ferreira, Terra, Piatti, Delatorre, Strussmann, Beda, Kawashita-Ribeiro, Landgref-Filho, Aoki, Campos, Souza, Avila, Duleba, Martins, Rita & Albuquerque 2017 Ferreira, Wang & Himmelstein 2005 Franca & Araujo 2006 Golay, Smith, Broadley, Dixon, McCarthy, Rage, Schatti & Toriba 1993 Jansen 2008 Lema & Renner 2012 Lema 1999 Lema 2002 Lema, Bernarde, Bernarde, Nascimento, Turci & Santos 2005 Nogueira, Argolo, Arzamendia, Azevedo, Barbo, Bernils, Bolochio, Borges-Martins, Brasil-Godinho, Braz, Buononato, Cisneros-Heredia & Colli 2019 Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 Pinheiro, Abe, Bitar, Albarelli & Santos-Costa 2015 Silva, Cintra, Silva, Costa, Amaral-Souza, Pacheco & Goncalves 2009 Valdujo & Nogueira 2001 Zaher, Barbo, Martinez, Nogueira, Rodrigues & Sawaya 2011   Phalotris reticulatus Southern Reticulated Collared Snake Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Ferrarezzi, Calleffo, Castellar & de Lauro 2005 Franca, Franca, Roedder & Sole 2022 Ghizoni, Kunz, Cherem & Bernils 2009 Giraudo & Scrocchi 2002 Golay, Smith, Broadley, Dixon, McCarthy, Rage, Schatti & Toriba 1993 [as Elapomorphus lemniscatus divittatus] Lema 1994 Nogueira, Argolo, Arzamendia, Azevedo, Barbo, Bernils, Bolochio, Borges-Martins, Brasil-Godinho, Braz, Buononato, Cisneros-Heredia & Colli 2019 Spengler Waltrick & Menta Giasson 2021 Zaher, Barbo, Martinez, Nogueira, Rodrigues & Sawaya 2011   Phalotris tricolor Tri-coloured Collared Snake Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Nogueira, Argolo, Arzamendia, Azevedo, Barbo, Bernils, Bolochio, Borges-Martins, Brasil-Godinho, Braz, Buononato, Cisneros-Heredia & Colli 2019 Genus Philodryas (South American Bush Racers)   Philodryas aestiva Eastern Brazilian Green Bush Racer Argolo & Freitas 2002 Bernils, Batista & Bertelli 2001 Boettger 1905 Condez, Sawaya & Dixo 2009 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Costa, Resende, Gonzalez, Cotta & Feio 2014 Entiauspe-Neto, Perleberg & Freitas 2016 Franca & Araujo 2006 Franca & Silva Braz 2013 Franca, Franca, Roedder & Sole 2022 Freitas, Verissimo & Uhlig 2012 Giraudo & Scrocchi 2002 Guedes, Nogueira & Marques 2014 Hamdan & Lira-da-Silva 2012 Jensen 1900 Kunz & Ghizoni 2009 Kunz, Ghizoni, Santos & Hartmann 2007 Lema 1994 Marques, Pereira, Barbo, Germano & Sawaya 2009 Menezes, Abegg, Silva, Franco & Feio 2018 Nogueira, Argolo, Arzamendia, Azevedo, Barbo, Bernils, Bolochio, Borges-Martins, Brasil-Godinho, Braz, Buononato, Cisneros-Heredia & Colli 2019 Outeiral, Balestrin, Cappellari, Lema & Ferreira 2018 Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 Quintela, Medvedovsky, Ibarra, Neves & Figueiredo 2011 Santos, Oliveira & Tozetti 2012 Sawaya, Marques & Martins 2008 Souza Filho & Verrastro 2012 Spengler Waltrick & Menta Giasson 2021 Thomas 1976 Trevine, Forlani, Haddad & Zaher 2014 Vaz-Silva, Guimaraes-Guedes, Azevedo-Silva, Gontijo, Barbosa, Aloisio & Oliveira 2007 Winck, Santos & Cechin 2007 Zaher, Barbo, Martinez, Nogueira, Rodrigues & Sawaya 2011 Zanella, Paula, Guaragni & Machado 2013 Zanella, Paula, Guaragni & Souza 2013   Philodryas livida Blue Bush Racer Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Ferreira, Terra, Piatti, Delatorre, Strussmann, Beda, Kawashita-Ribeiro, Landgref-Filho, Aoki, Campos, Souza, Avila, Duleba, Martins, Rita & Albuquerque 2017 Nogueira, Argolo, Arzamendia, Azevedo, Barbo, Bernils, Bolochio, Borges-Martins, Brasil-Godinho, Braz, Buononato, Cisneros-Heredia & Colli 2019 Oliveira-Araujo, Correa-Filho & Sawaya 2010 Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 Sawaya, Marques & Martins 2008 Valdujo & Nogueira 1999 Zaher, Barbo, Martinez, Nogueira, Rodrigues & Sawaya 2011   Philodryas mattogrossensis Mato Grosso Bush Racer Araujo & Almeida-Santos 2011 Cacciali, Cabral, Ferreira & Koehler 2016 Carvalho & Nogueira 1998 Carvalho, Silva, Ferreira, Souza & Santana 2018 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Costa, Resende, Gonzalez, Cotta & Feio 2014 Duleba & Ferreira 2014 Ferreira, Terra, Piatti, Delatorre, Strussmann, Beda, Kawashita-Ribeiro, Landgref-Filho, Aoki, Campos, Souza, Avila, Duleba, Martins, Rita & Albuquerque 2017 Giraudo & Scrocchi 2002 Marques, Pereira, Barbo, Germano & Sawaya 2009 Nogueira, Argolo, Arzamendia, Azevedo, Barbo, Bernils, Bolochio, Borges-Martins, Brasil-Godinho, Braz, Buononato, Cisneros-Heredia & Colli 2019 Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 Silva, Cintra, Silva, Costa, Amaral-Souza, Pacheco & Goncalves 2009 Thomas 1976 Vaz-Silva, Guimaraes-Guedes, Azevedo-Silva, Gontijo, Barbosa, Aloisio & Oliveira 2007 Zaher, Barbo, Martinez, Nogueira, Rodrigues & Sawaya 2011   Philodryas nattereri Paraguay Bush Racer Abrahao-Morato, Lima, Pries Staut, Faria, Souza-Alves, Feitosa Gouveia, Cavilha Scupino, Gomes & Silva 2011 Alves Benicio, Mesquita, Cavalcante & Fonseca 2015 Araujo, Ribeiro, Andrade, Pereira, Guzzi & Avila 2020 Arzabe, Skuk, Santana, Delfim, Lima & Abrantes 2005 Borges-Leite, Rodrigues & Borges-Nojosa 2014 Borges-Nojosa & Cascon 2005 Borges-Nojosa & Santos 2005 Calixto & Morato 2017 Carvalho & Nogueira 1998 Castro, Mangia, Medeiros Magalhaes, Roehr, Camurugi, Silveira Filho, Silva, Andrade-Oliveira, Sousa, Rodrigues Franca, Harris, Garda & Borges-Nojosa 2019 Cordeiro & Hoge 1973 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Costa, Laranjeiras, Caldas, Santana, Silva, Alcantara, Brito, Galdino, Mesquita, Faria, Franca, Avila & Garda 2018 Costa, Resende, Gonzalez, Cotta & Feio 2014 Dourado de Mesquita, Borges-Nojosa & Monteiro 2010 Ferreira, Terra, Piatti, Delatorre, Strussmann, Beda, Kawashita-Ribeiro, Landgref-Filho, Aoki, Campos, Souza, Avila, Duleba, Martins, Rita & Albuquerque 2017 Franca & Araujo 2006 Franca & Silva Braz 2013 Franca, Germano & Franca 2012 Freitas 2014 Freitas, Abegg, Silva Araujo, Almeida Coelho, Santos Azevedo, Frazao Chaves & Barbosa de Moura 2019 Freitas, Colli, Entiauspe-Neto, Trinchao, Araujo, Oliveira Lima, Franca, Gaiga & Dias 2016 Freitas, Santos Silva, Mendes Fonseca, Hamdan, Filadelfo & Abegg 2019 Guedes, Nogueira & Marques 2014 Hamdan & Lira-da-Silva 2012 Hoge, Russo, Santos & Furtado 1981 Lima-Verde & Cascon 1990 Loebmann & Haddad 2010 Lopes Santos, Pereira de Andrade, Victor-Junior & Vaz-Silva 2014 Madella-Auricchio, Auricchio & Soares 2017 Marques, Mebert, Fonseca, Roedder, Sole & Tinoco 2016 Marques, Roedder, Sole & Tinoco 2017 Marques, Tinoco, Couto-Ferreira, Fazolato, Browne-Ribeiro, Travassos, Dias & Mota 2011 Mesquita, Alves, Pedro, Laranjeiras, Caldas, Pedrosa, Rodrigues, Drummond, Cavalcanti, Wachlevski, Nogueira-Costa, Franca & Franca 2018 Mesquita, Passos, Borges-Nojosa & Cechin 2013 Miranda, Costa & Rocha 2012 Moreira, Fenolio, Silva & Silva 2009 Nascimento-Barbosa, Silva-Amaral, Pereira-Alcantara & Santos 2018 Nogueira, Argolo, Arzamendia, Azevedo, Barbo, Bernils, Bolochio, Borges-Martins, Brasil-Godinho, Braz, Buononato, Cisneros-Heredia & Colli 2019 Oliveira Lima, Andrade, Lima da Silva & Reis Dias 2022 Oliveira, Araujo, Oliveira & Avila 2021 Pedrosa, Costa, Faria, Franca, Laranjeiras, Oliveira, Palmeira, Torquata, Mott, Vieira & Garda 2014 Pereira-Filho & Montingelli 2011 Pinheiro, Abe, Bitar, Albarelli & Santos-Costa 2015 Queiroga Cavalcanti, Borges Costa, Rinaldi Colli, Correa Costa, Rodrigues Franca, Oliveira-Mesquita, Silva Palmeira, Pelegrin, Bello Soares, Tucker & Garda 2014 Ramalho, Silva, Soares, Ferraz, Arruda & Prado 2018 Recoder, Junior, Camacho, Nunes, Mott, Valdujo, Ghellere, Nogueira & Rodrigues 2011 Ribeiro, Roberto, Sales, Avila & Almeida 2012 Roberto & Loebmann 2016 Rocha & Prudente 2010 Rocha & Rodrigues 2005 Rodrigues, Gama, Filho & Franca 2015 Sales, Lisboa & Freire 2009 Sampaio, Santos, Franca, Pedrosa, Sole & Franca 2018 Santos Caldas, Borges Costa, Laranjeiras, Oliveira Mesquita & Garda 2016 Santos, Avila & Kawashita-Ribeiro 2011 Silva Rodrigues & Prudente 2011 Silva, Cintra, Silva, Costa, Amaral-Souza, Pacheco & Goncalves 2009 Smith, Scott, Cacciali, Atkinson & Pheasey 2013 Tavares Mendonca, Silva Vieira & Nobrega Alves 2014 Thomas 1976 Vanzolini, Ramos-Costa & Vitt 1980 Vaz-Silva, Guimaraes-Guedes, Azevedo-Silva, Gontijo, Barbosa, Aloisio & Oliveira 2007 Vechio, Recoder, Rodrigues & Zaher 2013 Vechio, Teixeira Junior, Recoder, Rodrigues & Zaher 2016 Vitt & Vangilder 1984 Vitt 1980 Zaher, Barbo, Martinez, Nogueira, Rodrigues & Sawaya 2011   Philodryas olfersii Common Green Bush Racer Alves Benicio, Mesquita, Cavalcante & Fonseca 2015 Amaral 1949 Araujo & Almeida-Santos 2011 Araujo, Condez, Bovo, Centeno & Luiz 2010 Araujo, Ribeiro, Andrade, Pereira, Guzzi & Avila 2020 Argolo 2004 Arzabe, Skuk, Santana, Delfim, Lima & Abrantes 2005 Avila & Kawashita-Ribeiro 2011 Avila-Pires 2005 Barbo 2008 Barbo, Marques & Sawaya 2011 Bernarde & Abe 2006 Bernarde & Abe 2010 Bernarde, Albuquerque, Barros & Turci 2012 Bernarde, Albuquerque, Miranda & Turci 2013 Bernils, Batista & Bertelli 2001 Bertoluci, Canelas, Eisemberg, Palmuti & Montingelli 2009 Boettger 1905 Borges-Leite, Rodrigues & Borges-Nojosa 2014 Borges-Nojosa & Santos 2005 Carvalho & Nogueira 1998 Carvalho, Silva, Ferreira, Souza & Santana 2018 Castro & Teixeira 2007 Castro, Mangia, Medeiros Magalhaes, Roehr, Camurugi, Silveira Filho, Silva, Andrade-Oliveira, Sousa, Rodrigues Franca, Harris, Garda & Borges-Nojosa 2019 Cintra, Silva & Silva 2009 Condez, Sawaya & Dixo 2009 Cordeiro & Hoge 1973 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Costa, Laranjeiras, Caldas, Santana, Silva, Alcantara, Brito, Galdino, Mesquita, Faria, Franca, Avila & Garda 2018 Costa, Pantoja, Pontes & Feio 2010 Costa, Resende, Gonzalez, Cotta & Feio 2014 Costa-Campos, Ribeiro Sanches, Pedroso-Santos, Figueiredo, Tavares-Pinheiro & Almeida-Santos 2021 Cruz-Forlani, Bernardo, Haddad & Zaher 2010 Duarte Rocha, Silva Telles, Vrcibradic & Nogueira-Costa 2018 Entiauspe-Neto, Perleberg & Freitas 2016 Ferreira, Terra, Piatti, Delatorre, Strussmann, Beda, Kawashita-Ribeiro, Landgref-Filho, Aoki, Campos, Souza, Avila, Duleba, Martins, Rita & Albuquerque 2017 Fiorillo, Maciel & Martins 2021 Franca & Araujo 2006 Franca & Silva Braz 2013 Franca, Franca, Roedder & Sole 2022 Franca, Germano & Franca 2012 Freitas 2014 Freitas, Abegg, Ribeiro Dias & Figueiredo Moraes 2018 Freitas, Abegg, Silva Araujo, Almeida Coelho, Santos Azevedo, Frazao Chaves & Barbosa de Moura 2019 Freitas, Colli, Entiauspe-Neto, Trinchao, Araujo, Oliveira Lima, Franca, Gaiga & Dias 2016 Freitas, Franca, Graboski, Uhlig & Verissimo 2012 Freitas, Santos Silva, Mendes Fonseca, Hamdan, Filadelfo & Abegg 2019 Freitas, Verissimo & Uhlig 2012 Freitas, Vieira, Entiauspe-Neto, Oliveira-e-Sousa, Farias, Sousa & Moura 2017 Frota, Santos, Chaldikis & Guedes 2005 Giraudo & Scrocchi 2002 Guedes, Nogueira & Marques 2014 Hamdan & Lira-da-Silva 2012 Hartmann, Hartmann & Martins 2009 Hartmann, Hartmann & Martins 2011 Kunz & Ghizoni 2009 Kunz, Ghizoni, Santos & Hartmann 2007 Lema 1994 Lima-Verde & Cascon 1990 Linares & Eterovick 2013 Loebmann & Haddad 2010 Lopes Santos, Pereira de Andrade, Victor-Junior & Vaz-Silva 2014 Marques, Mebert, Fonseca, Roedder, Sole & Tinoco 2016 Marques, Pereira, Barbo, Germano & Sawaya 2009 Marques, Roedder, Sole & Tinoco 2017 Marques, Tinoco, Couto-Ferreira, Fazolato, Browne-Ribeiro, Travassos, Dias & Mota 2011 Mesquita, Alves, Pedro, Laranjeiras, Caldas, Pedrosa, Rodrigues, Drummond, Cavalcanti, Wachlevski, Nogueira-Costa, Franca & Franca 2018 Mesquita, Passos, Borges-Nojosa & Cechin 2013 Miranda, Costa & Rocha 2012 Moura, Motta, Fernandes & Feio 2012 Nascimento Barbosa, Silva Amaral, Gusmao, Lira Lima, Melo Souza, Silva Aguiar, Maranhao dos Santos 2020 Nascimento, Avila Pires & Cunha 1988 Nascimento-Barbosa, Silva-Amaral, Pereira-Alcantara & Santos 2018 Nogueira, Argolo, Arzamendia, Azevedo, Barbo, Bernils, Bolochio, Borges-Martins, Brasil-Godinho, Braz, Buononato, Cisneros-Heredia & Colli 2019 Oliveira Lima, Andrade, Lima da Silva & Reis Dias 2022 Oliveira Neves, Yves, Almeida Pereira, Alves, Bonfim Vasques, Teixeira Coelho & Santos Silva 2019 Oliveira, Araujo, Oliveira & Avila 2021 Oliveira, Gonzalez, Passos, Vrcibradic & Rocha 2020 Oliveira, Muniz & Moura 2016 Ortiz, Freitas, Rodrigues, Abegg & Franco 2017 O'Shea 1990 Outeiral, Balestrin, Cappellari, Lema & Ferreira 2018 Pedrosa, Costa, Faria, Franca, Laranjeiras, Oliveira, Palmeira, Torquata, Mott, Vieira & Garda 2014 Pereira Ramalho, Fagundes Franca, Guerra, Marciano, Vale & Rodrigues Silva 2018 Pereira-Filho & Montingelli 2011 Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 Pinheiro, Abe, Bitar, Albarelli & Santos-Costa 2015 Pontes, Figueiredo, Pontes & Rocha 2008 Protazio, Protazio, Silva, Conceicao, Braga, Santos, Ribeiro, Almeida, Gama, Vieira & Silva 2021 Prudente, Melo Sarmento, Camara Costa, Moreira Dourado, Meireles dos Santos, Ferreira Lima, Dias Lima & Galatti 2020 Queiroga Cavalcanti, Borges Costa, Rinaldi Colli, Correa Costa, Rodrigues Franca, Oliveira-Mesquita, Silva Palmeira, Pelegrin, Bello Soares, Tucker & Garda 2014 Quintela, Medvedovsky, Ibarra, Neves & Figueiredo 2011 Ramalho, Silva, Soares, Ferraz, Arruda & Prado 2018 Ribeiro, Roberto, Sales, Avila & Almeida 2012 Roberto & Loebmann 2016 Roberto, Oliveira, Araujo-Filho, Oliveira & Avila 2017 Rocha & Prudente 2010 Rocha, Bergallo, Pombal, Geise, Sluys, Fernandes & Caramaschi 2004 Rodrigues, Gama, Filho & Franca 2015 Rojas-Padilla, Menezes, Dias, Argolo, Sole & Orrico 2020 Ruschi 1966 Sales, Lisboa & Freire 2009 Salles & Silva-Soares 2010 Salles, Weber & Silva-Soares 2010 Sampaio, Santos, Franca, Pedrosa, Sole & Franca 2018 Santana, Vieira, Pereira-Filho, Delfim, Lima & Vieira 2008 Santos Dainesi, Abegg, Bernarde, Pena Correa, Caetano Machado, Oliveira Meneses & Sena Santos 2019 Sao-Pedro & Pires 2009 Sawaya, Marques & Martins 2008 Sazima & Manzani 1995 Shibatta, Galves, Carmo, Lima, Lopes & Machado 2009 Silva, Cintra, Silva, Costa, Amaral-Souza, Pacheco & Goncalves 2009 Silva, Silva, Sena & Nascimento 2006 Silva-Soares, Ferreira, Salles & Rocha 2011 Sousa, Gomides, Hudson, Ribeiro & Novelli 2012 Sousa, Nascimento, Gomides, Rios, Hudson & Novelli 2010 Souza Filho & Oliveira 2015 Souza Filho & Verrastro 2012 Souza-Costa, Mira-Mendes, Ribeiro Dias, Brito Silva, Argolo & Sole 2020 Souza-Filho, Plombon & Capela 2015 Spengler Waltrick & Menta Giasson 2021 Strussmann, Almeida-Prado, Uetanabaro & Ferreira 2000 Tavares Mendonca, Silva Vieira & Nobrega Alves 2014 Tavares, Melo, Campos, Oda & Strussmann 2012 Thomas 1976 Turci & Bernarde 2008 Turci & Bernarde 2009 Vanzolini, Ramos-Costa & Vitt 1980 Varela Rios, Novelli, Hudson, Cozendey, Lima & Sousa 2017 Vaz-Silva, Guimaraes-Guedes, Azevedo-Silva, Gontijo, Barbosa, Aloisio & Oliveira 2007 Vechio, Recoder, Rodrigues & Zaher 2013 Vechio, Teixeira Junior, Recoder, Rodrigues & Zaher 2016 Vitt & Vangilder 1984 Vitt 1980 Werner 1900 Williams & Vanzolini 1980 Zaher, Barbo, Martinez, Nogueira, Rodrigues & Sawaya 2011   Philodryas psammophidea South American Striped Racer Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Ferreira, Terra, Piatti, Delatorre, Strussmann, Beda, Kawashita-Ribeiro, Landgref-Filho, Aoki, Campos, Souza, Avila, Duleba, Martins, Rita & Albuquerque 2017 Franca & Araujo 2006 Franca 2003 Nogueira, Argolo, Arzamendia, Azevedo, Barbo, Bernils, Bolochio, Borges-Martins, Brasil-Godinho, Braz, Buononato, Cisneros-Heredia & Colli 2019 Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 Ramalho, Silva, Soares, Ferraz, Arruda & Prado 2018 Thomas 1976 Genus Phimophis (South American Shovel-nosed Snakes)   Phimophis guerini Argentine Shovel-nosed Snake Bernils & Moura-Leite 2010 [as "cf. guerini"] Bocchiglieri & Mendonca 2009 Carvalho & Nogueira 1998 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Ferreira, Terra, Piatti, Delatorre, Strussmann, Beda, Kawashita-Ribeiro, Landgref-Filho, Aoki, Campos, Souza, Avila, Duleba, Martins, Rita & Albuquerque 2017 Filho, Santana, Vieira, Alves, Montenegro & Freitas 2012 Franca & Araujo 2006 Franca & Silva Braz 2013 Franca, Germano & Franca 2012 Freitas 2014 Freitas, Abegg, Ribeiro Dias & Figueiredo Moraes 2018 Freitas, Colli, Entiauspe-Neto, Trinchao, Araujo, Oliveira Lima, Franca, Gaiga & Dias 2016 Freitas, Santos Silva, Mendes Fonseca, Hamdan, Filadelfo & Abegg 2019 Freitas, Verissimo & Uhlig 2012 Guedes, Nogueira & Marques 2014 Hamdan & Lira-da-Silva 2012 Lopes Santos, Pereira de Andrade, Victor-Junior & Vaz-Silva 2014 Marques, Mebert, Fonseca, Roedder, Sole & Tinoco 2016 Marques, Pereira, Barbo, Germano & Sawaya 2009 Marques, Roedder, Sole & Tinoco 2017 Marques, Tinoco, Browne-Ribeiro & Fazolato 2012 Mello 1926 Mesquita, Alves, Pedro, Laranjeiras, Caldas, Pedrosa, Rodrigues, Drummond, Cavalcanti, Wachlevski, Nogueira-Costa, Franca & Franca 2018 Moreira, Fenolio, Silva & Silva 2009 Nogueira, Argolo, Arzamendia, Azevedo, Barbo, Bernils, Bolochio, Borges-Martins, Brasil-Godinho, Braz, Buononato, Cisneros-Heredia & Colli 2019 Outeiral, Balestrin, Cappellari, Lema & Ferreira 2018 [as "aff. guerini"] Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 Rodrigues, Gama, Filho & Franca 2015 Sampaio, Santos, Franca, Pedrosa, Sole & Franca 2018 Sawaya, Marques & Martins 2008 Silva Lisboa, Araujo-Neto, Soares Tiburcio & Silva 2011 Silva, Silva, Sena & Nascimento 2006 Tavares, Melo, Campos, Oda & Strussmann 2012 Vaz-Silva, Guimaraes-Guedes, Azevedo-Silva, Gontijo, Barbosa, Aloisio & Oliveira 2007 Zaher, Barbo, Martinez, Nogueira, Rodrigues & Sawaya 2011   Phimophis guianensis Northern Tropical Shovel-nosed Snake Amaral 1949 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Frota, Santos, Chaldikis & Guedes 2005 Nogueira, Argolo, Arzamendia, Azevedo, Barbo, Bernils, Bolochio, Borges-Martins, Brasil-Godinho, Braz, Buononato, Cisneros-Heredia & Colli 2019 Santos Azevedo, Oliveira & Costa 2021 Genus Phrynonax (Neotropical Bird Snakes)   Phrynonax sexcarinatus Southern Bird Snake Amaral 1949 [as polylepis] Avila-Pires 2005 [as Pseustes poecilonotus] Avila-Pires, Hoogmoed & Rocha 2010 [as Pseustes poecilonotus] Avila-Pires, Vitt, Sartorius & Zani 2009 [as Pseustes poecilonotus] Bernarde & Abe 2006 [as Pseustes poecilonotus] Bernarde & Abe 2010 [as Pseustes poecilonotus] Bernarde, Albuquerque, Barros & Turci 2012 [as Pseustes poecilonotus] Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 [as polylepis] Cunha, Nascimento & Avila-Pires 1985 [as polylepis] Freitas, Vieira, Entiauspe-Neto, Oliveira-e-Sousa, Farias, Sousa & Moura 2017 [as poecilonotus] Frota, Santos, Chaldikis & Guedes 2005 [as polylepis] Lema 1999 [as polylepis] Martins & Oliveira 1999 [as Pseustes poecilonotus] Maschio, Santos-Costa & Prudente 2016 [as Pseustes poecilonotus] Nogueira, Argolo, Arzamendia, Azevedo, Barbo, Bernils, Bolochio, Borges-Martins, Brasil-Godinho, Braz, Buononato, Cisneros-Heredia & Colli 2019 [as polylepis] Pedroso Santos, Ribeiro Sanches & Costa-Campos 2019 [as polylepis] Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 Pinheiro, Abe, Bitar, Albarelli & Santos-Costa 2015 [as polylepis] Prudente, Maschio, Santos-Costa & Feitosa 2010 [as Pseustes poecilonotus] Prudente, Melo Sarmento, Camara Costa, Moreira Dourado, Meireles dos Santos, Ferreira Lima, Dias Lima & Galatti 2020 [as polylepis] Santos Azevedo, Oliveira & Costa 2021 [as polylepis] Santos-Costa, Maschio & Prudente 2015 [as poecilonotus] Silva 1993 [as polylepis] Silva, Menks, Prudente, Costa, Travassos & Galatti 2011 [as Pseustes poecilonotus] Waldez, Menin & Vogt 2013 [as poecilonotus] Wallach, Williams & Boundy 2014 Genus Pseudablabes (Reticulated Bush Racers)   Pseudablabes agassizii Burrowing Night Snake Campos Nogueira 2001 Carvalho & Nogueira 1998 Carvalho-Junior, Schettino Canelas & Cordeiro-Malta 2006 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Costa, Resende, Gonzalez, Cotta & Feio 2014 Franca & Araujo 2006 Franca & Silva Braz 2013 Freitas, Colli, Entiauspe-Neto, Trinchao, Araujo, Oliveira Lima, Franca, Gaiga & Dias 2016 Ghizoni, Kunz, Cherem & Bernils 2009 Guedes, Nogueira & Marques 2014 Hamdan & Lira-da-Silva 2012 Kiefer 1998 Lema 1994 Nogueira, Argolo, Arzamendia, Azevedo, Barbo, Bernils, Bolochio, Borges-Martins, Brasil-Godinho, Braz, Buononato, Cisneros-Heredia & Colli 2019 Oliveira-Araujo, Correa-Filho & Sawaya 2010 Outeiral, Balestrin, Cappellari, Lema & Ferreira 2018 Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 Sao-Pedro & Pires 2009 Sawaya, Marques & Martins 2008 Souza Filho & Plombon 2014 Souza-Filho, Plombon & Capela 2015 Winck, Santos & Cechin 2007 Zaher, Barbo, Martinez, Nogueira, Rodrigues & Sawaya 2011   * Pseudablabes arnaldoi Brazilian Speckled Racer Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Kunz & Ghizoni 2009 Kunz, Ghizoni, Santos & Hartmann 2007 Lema 1994 Nogueira, Argolo, Arzamendia, Azevedo, Barbo, Bernils, Bolochio, Borges-Martins, Brasil-Godinho, Braz, Buononato, Cisneros-Heredia & Colli 2019 Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 Thomas 1976 Zaher, Barbo, Martinez, Nogueira, Rodrigues & Sawaya 2011   Pseudablabes patagoniensis Patagonian Bush Racer Almeida-Gomes, Siqueira, Borges-Junior, Vrcibradic, Fusinatto & Rocha 2014 Almeida-Gomes, Siquiera, Borges-Junior, Vrcibradic, Fusinatto & Rocha 2014 Araujo & Almeida-Santos 2011 Barbo 2008 Barbo, Marques & Sawaya 2011 Bernils, Batista & Bertelli 2001 Campos Nogueira 2001 Carvalho, Silva, Ferreira, Souza & Santana 2018 Castro & Teixeira 2007 Cintra, Silva & Silva 2009 Condez, Sawaya & Dixo 2009 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Costa, Pantoja, Pontes & Feio 2010 Costa, Resende, Gonzalez, Cotta & Feio 2014 Cruz-Centeno, Sawaya & Marques 2008 Cruz-Forlani, Bernardo, Haddad & Zaher 2010 Entiauspe-Neto, Perleberg & Freitas 2016 Ferreira, Terra, Piatti, Delatorre, Strussmann, Beda, Kawashita-Ribeiro, Landgref-Filho, Aoki, Campos, Souza, Avila, Duleba, Martins, Rita & Albuquerque 2017 Fiorillo, Maciel & Martins 2021 Franca & Araujo 2006 Franca & Silva Braz 2013 Franca, Franca, Roedder & Sole 2022 Franca, Germano & Franca 2012 Freitas 2014 Freitas, Colli, Entiauspe-Neto, Trinchao, Araujo, Oliveira Lima, Franca, Gaiga & Dias 2016 Freitas, Verissimo & Uhlig 2012 Gonzaga, Castiglioni & Alves 1997 Gouveia, Novelli, Vieira & Sousa 2017 Guedes, Nogueira & Marques 2014 Hamdan & Lira-da-Silva 2012 Hartmann, Hartmann & Martins 2009 Hoogmoed 1997 Kunz & Ghizoni 2009 Kunz, Ghizoni, Santos & Hartmann 2007 Lema 1994 Marques, Mebert, Fonseca, Roedder, Sole & Tinoco 2016 Marques, Pereira, Barbo, Germano & Sawaya 2009 Marques, Roedder, Sole & Tinoco 2017 Marques, Tinoco, Couto-Ferreira, Fazolato, Browne-Ribeiro, Travassos, Dias & Mota 2011 Menezes, Abegg, Silva, Franco & Feio 2018 Mesquita, Alves, Pedro, Laranjeiras, Caldas, Pedrosa, Rodrigues, Drummond, Cavalcanti, Wachlevski, Nogueira-Costa, Franca & Franca 2018 Nogueira, Argolo, Arzamendia, Azevedo, Barbo, Bernils, Bolochio, Borges-Martins, Brasil-Godinho, Braz, Buononato, Cisneros-Heredia & Colli 2019 Oliveira Lima, Andrade, Lima da Silva & Reis Dias 2022 Oliveira Neves, Yves, Almeida Pereira, Alves, Bonfim Vasques, Teixeira Coelho & Santos Silva 2019 Oliveira, Gonzalez, Passos, Vrcibradic & Rocha 2020 Oliveira, Santos, Lopes-Silva, Vasconcelos Barros, Risse-Quaioto, Militao, Fatorelli, Belmoch, Marcial de Castro & Rocha 2020 Oliveira-Araujo, Correa-Filho & Sawaya 2010 Ortiz, Freitas, Rodrigues, Abegg & Franco 2017 Outeiral, Balestrin, Cappellari, Lema & Ferreira 2018 Passos & Fernandes 2002 Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 Pires, Borges, Souza & Eterovick 2012 Protazio, Protazio, Silva, Conceicao, Braga, Santos, Ribeiro, Almeida, Gama, Vieira & Silva 2021 Quintela, Medvedovsky, Ibarra, Neves & Figueiredo 2011 Reis Martins, Bruno & Vecchi 2010 Rocha, Bergallo, Pombal, Geise, Sluys, Fernandes & Caramaschi 2004 Sales, Lisboa & Freire 2009 Salles & Silva-Soares 2010 Sampaio, Santos, Franca, Pedrosa, Sole & Franca 2018 Santos Dainesi, Abegg, Bernarde, Pena Correa, Caetano Machado, Oliveira Meneses & Sena Santos 2019 Santos, Oliveira & Tozetti 2012 Sao-Pedro & Pires 2009 Sawaya, Marques & Martins 2008 Silva, Cintra, Silva, Costa, Amaral-Souza, Pacheco & Goncalves 2009 Sousa, Gomides, Hudson, Ribeiro & Novelli 2012 Souza Filho & Oliveira 2015 Souza Filho & Verrastro 2012 Souza, Uetanabaro, Landgref-Filho, Piatti & Prado 2010 Souza-Filho, Plombon & Capela 2015 Spengler Waltrick & Menta Giasson 2021 Tavares, Melo, Campos, Oda & Strussmann 2012 Thomas 1976 Trevine, Forlani, Haddad & Zaher 2014 Valdujo & Nogueira 2001 Vaz-Silva, Guimaraes-Guedes, Azevedo-Silva, Gontijo, Barbosa, Aloisio & Oliveira 2007 Winck, Santos & Cechin 2007 Zaher, Barbo, Martinez, Nogueira, Rodrigues & Sawaya 2011 Genus Pseudoboa (Neotropical Scarlet Snakes)   Pseudoboa coronata Black-headed Scarlet Snake Amaral 1949 Avila-Pires 2005 Avila-Pires, Hoogmoed & Rocha 2010 Avila-Pires, Vitt, Sartorius & Zani 2009 Bernarde, Albuquerque, Barros & Turci 2012 Bernarde, Albuquerque, Miranda & Turci 2013 Caldeira Costa, Cotta & MacCulloch 2015 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Costa-Campos, Ribeiro Sanches, Pedroso-Santos, Figueiredo, Tavares-Pinheiro & Almeida-Santos 2021 Ferreira, Terra, Piatti, Delatorre, Strussmann, Beda, Kawashita-Ribeiro, Landgref-Filho, Aoki, Campos, Souza, Avila, Duleba, Martins, Rita & Albuquerque 2017 Franca, Freitas, Ramalho & Bernarde 2017 Freitas, Vieira, Entiauspe-Neto, Oliveira-e-Sousa, Farias, Sousa & Moura 2017 Frota, Santos, Chaldikis & Guedes 2005 Martins & Oliveira 1999 Maschio, Santos-Costa & Prudente 2016 Nogueira, Argolo, Arzamendia, Azevedo, Barbo, Bernils, Bolochio, Borges-Martins, Brasil-Godinho, Braz, Buononato, Cisneros-Heredia & Colli 2019 Oliveira, Ruz & Barros 2013 Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 Prudente, Maschio, Santos-Costa & Feitosa 2010 Prudente, Melo Sarmento, Camara Costa, Moreira Dourado, Meireles dos Santos, Ferreira Lima, Dias Lima & Galatti 2020 Rodrigues, Maschio & Prudente 2016 Santos Azevedo, Oliveira & Costa 2021 Santos-Costa, Maschio & Prudente 2015 Silva 1993 Silva, Menks, Prudente, Costa, Travassos & Galatti 2011 Silva, Souza & Bernarde 2010 Tavares-Pinheiro, Barbosa de Figueiredo, Pedroso-Santos, Sanches, Sousa & Costa-Campos 2021 Waldez, Menin & Vogt 2013 Yuki & Santos 1998 Zaher, Oliveira & Franco 2008   Pseudoboa haasi Parana Scarlet Snake Abrahao-Morato 2005 Bernils, Batista & Bertelli 2001 Boettger 1905 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Franca, Franca, Roedder & Sole 2022 Giraudo & Scrocchi 2002 Kunz & Ghizoni 2009 Kunz, Ghizoni, Santos & Hartmann 2007 Lema & Ely 1979 Lema 1994 Martins, Alencar & Gaiarsa 2010 Morato, Moura-Leite, Costa Prudente & Bernils 1995 Nogueira, Argolo, Arzamendia, Azevedo, Barbo, Bernils, Bolochio, Borges-Martins, Brasil-Godinho, Braz, Buononato, Cisneros-Heredia & Colli 2019 Pavan, Mainardi, Rocha, Cechin & Lipinski 2018 Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 Spengler Waltrick & Menta Giasson 2021 Zaher, Barbo, Martinez, Nogueira, Rodrigues & Sawaya 2011 Zaher, Oliveira & Franco 2008   * Pseudoboa martinsi Pale-collared Scarlet Snake Bernarde, Albuquerque, Barros & Turci 2012 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Frazao, Campos, Oliveira, Carvalho & Hrbek 2017 Nogueira, Argolo, Arzamendia, Azevedo, Barbo, Bernils, Bolochio, Borges-Martins, Brasil-Godinho, Braz, Buononato, Cisneros-Heredia & Colli 2019 Zaher, Oliveira & Franco 2008   Pseudoboa neuwiedii Northern Scarlet Snake Amaral 1949 Avila-Pires 2005 Avila-Pires, Hoogmoed & Rocha 2010 Carvalho, Souza Alencar & Carvalho-Vilar 2007 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Cunha & Nascimento 1980 Dias-Lima 2008 Franca, Franca, Roedder & Sole 2022 Freitas, Vieira, Entiauspe-Neto, Oliveira-e-Sousa, Farias, Sousa & Moura 2017 Frota, Santos, Chaldikis & Guedes 2005 Martins & Oliveira 1999 Maschio, Santos-Costa & Prudente 2016 Mertens 1972 Muller 1976 Nogueira, Argolo, Arzamendia, Azevedo, Barbo, Bernils, Bolochio, Borges-Martins, Brasil-Godinho, Braz, Buononato, Cisneros-Heredia & Colli 2019 O'Shea 1990 Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 Prudente, Melo Sarmento, Camara Costa, Moreira Dourado, Meireles dos Santos, Ferreira Lima, Dias Lima & Galatti 2020 Zaher, Oliveira & Franco 2008   Pseudoboa nigra Blackish Scarlet Snake Alves Benicio, Mesquita, Cavalcante & Fonseca 2015 Araujo, Ribeiro, Andrade, Pereira, Guzzi & Avila 2020 Argolo 2004 Bernarde, Albuquerque, Barros & Turci 2012 Borges-Leite, Rodrigues & Borges-Nojosa 2014 Carvalho & Nogueira 1998 Castro & Teixeira 2007 Castro, Mangia, Medeiros Magalhaes, Roehr, Camurugi, Silveira Filho, Silva, Andrade-Oliveira, Sousa, Rodrigues Franca, Harris, Garda & Borges-Nojosa 2019 Cintra, Silva & Silva 2009 Cordeiro & Hoge 1973 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Costa, Laranjeiras, Caldas, Santana, Silva, Alcantara, Brito, Galdino, Mesquita, Faria, Franca, Avila & Garda 2018 Costa, Pantoja, Pontes & Feio 2010 Cunha, Nascimento & Avila-Pires 1985 Ferrao, Filho & Silva 2012 Ferreira, Terra, Piatti, Delatorre, Strussmann, Beda, Kawashita-Ribeiro, Landgref-Filho, Aoki, Campos, Souza, Avila, Duleba, Martins, Rita & Albuquerque 2017 Fiorillo, Maciel & Martins 2021 Franca & Araujo 2006 Franca & Silva Braz 2013 Franca, Germano & Franca 2012 Freitas 2014 Freitas, Abegg, Silva Araujo, Almeida Coelho, Santos Azevedo, Frazao Chaves & Barbosa de Moura 2019 Freitas, Colli, Entiauspe-Neto, Trinchao, Araujo, Oliveira Lima, Franca, Gaiga & Dias 2016 Freitas, Santos Silva, Mendes Fonseca, Hamdan, Filadelfo & Abegg 2019 Freitas, Verissimo & Uhlig 2012 Freitas, Vieira, Entiauspe-Neto, Oliveira-e-Sousa, Farias, Sousa & Moura 2017 Guedes, Nogueira & Marques 2014 Hamdan & Lira-da-Silva 2012 Lima-Verde & Cascon 1990 Linares & Eterovick 2013 Loebmann & Haddad 2010 Marques, Mebert, Fonseca, Roedder, Sole & Tinoco 2016 Marques, Roedder, Sole & Tinoco 2017 Mesquita, Alves, Pedro, Laranjeiras, Caldas, Pedrosa, Rodrigues, Drummond, Cavalcanti, Wachlevski, Nogueira-Costa, Franca & Franca 2018 Mesquita, Passos, Borges-Nojosa & Cechin 2013 Moreira, Fenolio, Silva & Silva 2009 Moura-Leite, Morato & Bernils 1996 Nogueira, Argolo, Arzamendia, Azevedo, Barbo, Bernils, Bolochio, Borges-Martins, Brasil-Godinho, Braz, Buononato, Cisneros-Heredia & Colli 2019 Oliveira Lima, Andrade, Lima da Silva & Reis Dias 2022 Oliveira, Araujo, Oliveira & Avila 2021 Oliveira, Gonzalez, Passos, Vrcibradic & Rocha 2020 Oliveira, Muniz & Moura 2016 Orofino, Pizzatto & Marques 2010 Pedrosa, Costa, Faria, Franca, Laranjeiras, Oliveira, Palmeira, Torquata, Mott, Vieira & Garda 2014 Pereira-Filho & Montingelli 2011 Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 Pinheiro, Abe, Bitar, Albarelli & Santos-Costa 2015 Protazio, Protazio, Silva, Conceicao, Braga, Santos, Ribeiro, Almeida, Gama, Vieira & Silva 2021 Queiroga Cavalcanti, Borges Costa, Rinaldi Colli, Correa Costa, Rodrigues Franca, Oliveira-Mesquita, Silva Palmeira, Pelegrin, Bello Soares, Tucker & Garda 2014 Ribeiro, Roberto, Sales, Avila & Almeida 2012 Roberto & Loebmann 2016 Roberto, Oliveira, Araujo-Filho, Oliveira & Avila 2017 Rocha & Prudente 2010 Rocha, Bergallo, Pombal, Geise, Sluys, Fernandes & Caramaschi 2004 Rojas-Padilla, Menezes, Dias, Argolo, Sole & Orrico 2020 Santos Caldas, Borges Costa, Laranjeiras, Oliveira Mesquita & Garda 2016 Silva Cozer, Pereira-Ribeiro, Meirelles Linause, Colombo Ferreguetti, Godoy Bergallo & Rocha 2020 Silva Rodrigues & Prudente 2011 Silva, Cintra, Silva, Costa, Amaral-Souza, Pacheco & Goncalves 2009 Silva, Silva, Sena & Nascimento 2006 Silva-Soares, Ferreira, Salles & Rocha 2011 Sousa, Nascimento, Gomides, Rios, Hudson & Novelli 2010 Souza Palmuti, Cassimiro & Bertoluci 2009 Souza, Uetanabaro, Landgref-Filho, Piatti & Prado 2010 Souza-Costa, Mira-Mendes, Ribeiro Dias, Brito Silva, Argolo & Sole 2020 Strussmann & Sazima 1993 Tavares Mendonca, Silva Vieira & Nobrega Alves 2014 Tavares, Melo, Campos, Oda & Strussmann 2012 Uetanabaro, Souza, Filho, Beda & Brandao 2007 Vanzolini, Ramos-Costa & Vitt 1980 Vaz-Silva, Guimaraes-Guedes, Azevedo-Silva, Gontijo, Barbosa, Aloisio & Oliveira 2007 Vechio, Recoder, Rodrigues & Zaher 2013 Vechio, Teixeira Junior, Recoder, Rodrigues & Zaher 2016 Vitt & Vangilder 1984 Zaher, Barbo, Martinez, Nogueira, Rodrigues & Sawaya 2011 Zaher, Oliveira & Franco 2008   * Pseudoboa serrana Southeast Brazilian Scarlet Snake Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Marques, Pereira, Barbo, Germano & Sawaya 2009 Morato, Moura-Leite, Costa Prudente & Bernils 1995 Nogueira, Argolo, Arzamendia, Azevedo, Barbo, Bernils, Bolochio, Borges-Martins, Brasil-Godinho, Braz, Buononato, Cisneros-Heredia & Colli 2019 Oliveira, Gonzalez, Passos, Vrcibradic & Rocha 2020 Rocha, Bergallo, Pombal, Geise, Sluys, Fernandes & Caramaschi 2004 Sousa, Nascimento, Gomides, Rios, Hudson & Novelli 2010 Vanzolini 1986 [as haasi] Zaher, Barbo, Martinez, Nogueira, Rodrigues & Sawaya 2011 Zaher, Oliveira & Franco 2008 Genus Pseudoeryx (Dusky Mud Snakes)   Pseudoeryx plicatilis Dusky Mud Snake Amaral 1949 Avila-Pires 2005 Bernarde, Albuquerque, Barros & Turci 2012 Carvalho & Nogueira 1998 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Dias-Lima 2008 Ferreira, Terra, Piatti, Delatorre, Strussmann, Beda, Kawashita-Ribeiro, Landgref-Filho, Aoki, Campos, Souza, Avila, Duleba, Martins, Rita & Albuquerque 2017 Freitas, Vieira, Entiauspe-Neto, Oliveira-e-Sousa, Farias, Sousa & Moura 2017 Frota & Yuki 2005 Frota, Santos, Chaldikis & Guedes 2005 Kaefer & Montanarin 2010 Muller 1976 Nogueira, Argolo, Arzamendia, Azevedo, Barbo, Bernils, Bolochio, Borges-Martins, Brasil-Godinho, Braz, Buononato, Cisneros-Heredia & Colli 2019 Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 Prudente, Melo Sarmento, Camara Costa, Moreira Dourado, Meireles dos Santos, Ferreira Lima, Dias Lima & Galatti 2020 Rodrigues-Franca & Mendes Venancio 2010 Santos Azevedo, Oliveira & Costa 2021 Scartozzoni, Trevine & Germano 2010 Silva, Souza & Bernarde 2010 Strussmann & Sazima 1993 Genus Psomophis (Smooth Ground Snakes)   Psomophis genimaculatus Spirit Ground Snake Carvalho & Nogueira 1998 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Ferreira, Terra, Piatti, Delatorre, Strussmann, Beda, Kawashita-Ribeiro, Landgref-Filho, Aoki, Campos, Souza, Avila, Duleba, Martins, Rita & Albuquerque 2017 Myers & Cadle 1994 Nogueira, Argolo, Arzamendia, Azevedo, Barbo, Bernils, Bolochio, Borges-Martins, Brasil-Godinho, Braz, Buononato, Cisneros-Heredia & Colli 2019 Souza, Uetanabaro, Landgref-Filho, Piatti & Prado 2010   * Psomophis joberti Brazilian Ground Snake Alves Benicio, Mesquita, Cavalcante & Fonseca 2015 Araujo, Ribeiro, Andrade, Pereira, Guzzi & Avila 2020 Borges-Leite, Rodrigues & Borges-Nojosa 2014 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Franca, Germano & Franca 2012 Freitas 2014 Guedes, Nogueira & Marques 2014 Hamdan & Lira-da-Silva 2012 Lima-Verde & Cascon 1990 Loebmann & Haddad 2010 Madella-Auricchio, Auricchio & Soares 2017 Mesquita, Alves, Pedro, Laranjeiras, Caldas, Pedrosa, Rodrigues, Drummond, Cavalcanti, Wachlevski, Nogueira-Costa, Franca & Franca 2018 Mesquita, Passos, Borges-Nojosa & Cechin 2013 Miranda, Costa & Rocha 2012 Moreira, Fenolio, Silva & Silva 2009 Myers & Cadle 1994 Nascimento, Avila-Pires, Santos & Lima 1991 Nogueira, Argolo, Arzamendia, Azevedo, Barbo, Bernils, Bolochio, Borges-Martins, Brasil-Godinho, Braz, Buononato, Cisneros-Heredia & Colli 2019 Oliveira, Araujo, Oliveira & Avila 2021 Passos & Fernandes 2002 Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 Ribeiro, Roberto, Sales, Avila & Almeida 2012 Roberto & Loebmann 2016 Rocha & Prudente 2010 Rodrigues, Maschio & Prudente 2016 Silva Rodrigues & Prudente 2011 Silva, Rocha & Nogueira-Paranhos 2016 Strussmann & Sazima 1993 Vechio, Recoder, Rodrigues & Zaher 2013 Williams & Vanzolini 1980 Yuki & Santos 1998 Zaher, Barbo, Martinez, Nogueira, Rodrigues & Sawaya 2011   Psomophis obtusus Red-bellied Ground Snake Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Giraudo & Scrocchi 2002 Lema 1994 Myers & Cadle 1994 Nogueira, Argolo, Arzamendia, Azevedo, Barbo, Bernils, Bolochio, Borges-Martins, Brasil-Godinho, Braz, Buononato, Cisneros-Heredia & Colli 2019 Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 Santos, Oliveira & Tozetti 2012 Souza Filho & Verrastro 2012 Genus Ptychophis (Brazilian Yellow-striped Water Snake)   * Ptychophis flavovirgatus Brazilian Yellow-striped Water Snake Castellari-Gonzalez, Prudente & Franco 2014 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Lema 1994 Nogueira, Argolo, Arzamendia, Azevedo, Barbo, Bernils, Bolochio, Borges-Martins, Brasil-Godinho, Braz, Buononato, Cisneros-Heredia & Colli 2019 Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 Porto & Caramaschi 1989 Genus Rhachidelus (Brazilian Bird Snake)   Rhachidelus brazili Brazilian Bird Snake Arruda, Avila, Morais & Kawashito-Ribeiro 2011 Boulenger 1908 Campos Nogueira 2001 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Fernandes & Passos 2002 Ferreira, Terra, Piatti, Delatorre, Strussmann, Beda, Kawashita-Ribeiro, Landgref-Filho, Aoki, Campos, Souza, Avila, Duleba, Martins, Rita & Albuquerque 2017 Fiorillo, Maciel & Martins 2021 Franca & Araujo 2006 Lima Silveira 2004 Moreira, Fenolio, Silva & Silva 2009 Moura-Leite, Morato & Bernils 1996 Nogueira, Argolo, Arzamendia, Azevedo, Barbo, Bernils, Bolochio, Borges-Martins, Brasil-Godinho, Braz, Buononato, Cisneros-Heredia & Colli 2019 Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 Sawaya, Marques & Martins 2008 Zaher, Barbo, Martinez, Nogueira, Rodrigues & Sawaya 2011 Genus Rhinobothryum (Ringed Snakes)   Rhinobothryum lentiginosum Amazon Ringed Snake Amaral 1949 Avila-Pires 2005 Avila-Pires, Hoogmoed & Rocha 2010 Avila-Pires, Vitt, Sartorius & Zani 2009 Bazzo Miranda, Albuquerque & Mendes Venancio 2009 Bernarde & Abe 2006 Bernarde & Abe 2010 Bernarde, Albuquerque, Barros & Turci 2012 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Cunha & Nascimento 1976 Cunha, Nascimento & Avila-Pires 1985 Dias-Lima 2008 Ferrao, Filho & Silva 2012 Freitas, Mendes Venancio, Abegg, Santos Azevedo, Oliveira Pereira, Pinheiro Zanotti, Veloso, Schwarzbach, Oliveira e Sousa, Cruz-da-Silva, Goncalves de Amorim & Barbosa de Moura 2020 Freitas, Vieira, Entiauspe-Neto, Oliveira-e-Sousa, Farias, Sousa & Moura 2017 Frota, Santos, Chaldikis & Guedes 2005 Gomes de Arruda, Carvalho & Kawashita-Ribeiro 2015 Martins & Oliveira 1999 Maschio, Santos-Costa & Prudente 2016 Miranda, Venancio & Albuquerque 2014 Nogueira, Argolo, Arzamendia, Azevedo, Barbo, Bernils, Bolochio, Borges-Martins, Brasil-Godinho, Braz, Buononato, Cisneros-Heredia & Colli 2019 Prudente, Maschio, Santos-Costa & Feitosa 2010 Prudente, Melo Sarmento, Camara Costa, Moreira Dourado, Meireles dos Santos, Ferreira Lima, Dias Lima & Galatti 2020 Turci & Bernarde 2008 Genus Rodriguesophis (Collared Sharp-nosed Snakes)   * Rodriguesophis chui Santo Inacio Sharp-nosed Snake Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Guedes, Nogueira & Marques 2014 Hamdan & Lira-da-Silva 2012 Nogueira, Argolo, Arzamendia, Azevedo, Barbo, Bernils, Bolochio, Borges-Martins, Brasil-Godinho, Braz, Buononato, Cisneros-Heredia & Colli 2019 Rodrigues 1993   * Rodriguesophis iglesiasi Piaui Sharp-nosed Snake Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Freitas, Colli, Entiauspe-Neto, Trinchao, Araujo, Oliveira Lima, Franca, Gaiga & Dias 2016 Guedes, Nogueira & Marques 2014 Hamdan & Lira-da-Silva 2012 Hoge, Russo, Santos & Furtado 1981 Lima Silveira 2014 Madella-Auricchio, Auricchio & Soares 2017 Nogueira, Argolo, Arzamendia, Azevedo, Barbo, Bernils, Bolochio, Borges-Martins, Brasil-Godinho, Braz, Buononato, Cisneros-Heredia & Colli 2019 Pedrosa, Costa, Faria, Franca, Laranjeiras, Oliveira, Palmeira, Torquata, Mott, Vieira & Garda 2014 Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 Queiroga Cavalcanti, Borges Costa, Rinaldi Colli, Correa Costa, Rodrigues Franca, Oliveira-Mesquita, Silva Palmeira, Pelegrin, Bello Soares, Tucker & Garda 2014 Recoder, Junior, Camacho, Nunes, Mott, Valdujo, Ghellere, Nogueira & Rodrigues 2011 Silva Rodrigues & Prudente 2011 Vechio, Recoder, Rodrigues & Zaher 2013 Vechio, Teixeira Junior, Recoder, Rodrigues & Zaher 2016   * Rodriguesophis scriptorcibatus Ibiraba Sharp-nosed Snake Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Guedes, Nogueira & Marques 2014 Hamdan & Lira-da-Silva 2012 Nogueira, Argolo, Arzamendia, Azevedo, Barbo, Bernils, Bolochio, Borges-Martins, Brasil-Godinho, Braz, Buononato, Cisneros-Heredia & Colli 2019 Rocha & Rodrigues 2005 Rodrigues 1993 Genus Sibon (Neotropical Snail Eaters)   Sibon nebulatus Cloudy Snail Eater Castro, Mangia, Medeiros Magalhaes, Roehr, Camurugi, Silveira Filho, Silva, Andrade-Oliveira, Sousa, Rodrigues Franca, Harris, Garda & Borges-Nojosa 2019 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Costa-Campos, Ribeiro Sanches, Pedroso-Santos, Figueiredo, Tavares-Pinheiro & Almeida-Santos 2021 Franca, Germano & Franca 2012 Franca, Oitaven, Moura, Freitas & Franca 2018 Freire 1998 Freitas, Vieira, Entiauspe-Neto, Oliveira-e-Sousa, Farias, Sousa & Moura 2017 Frota, Santos, Chaldikis & Guedes 2005 Guedes, Nogueira & Marques 2014 Lima-Verde & Cascon 1990 Loebmann & Haddad 2010 Mendes-Pinto & Souza 2011 Mesquita, Alves, Pedro, Laranjeiras, Caldas, Pedrosa, Rodrigues, Drummond, Cavalcanti, Wachlevski, Nogueira-Costa, Franca & Franca 2018 Nascimento & Lima-Verde 1989 Nogueira, Argolo, Arzamendia, Azevedo, Barbo, Bernils, Bolochio, Borges-Martins, Brasil-Godinho, Braz, Buononato, Cisneros-Heredia & Colli 2019 Prudente, Melo Sarmento, Camara Costa, Moreira Dourado, Meireles dos Santos, Ferreira Lima, Dias Lima & Galatti 2020 Roberto & Loebmann 2016 Rodrigues, Gama, Filho & Franca 2015 Sampaio, Santos, Franca, Pedrosa, Sole & Franca 2018 Silva, Silva, Sena & Nascimento 2006 Genus Simophis (South American False Coral Snake)   Simophis rhinostomus South American False Coral Snake Araujo & Almeida-Santos 2011 Argolo 1998 Bertoluci, Canelas, Eisemberg, Palmuti & Montingelli 2009 Cacciali, Scott, Gunther, Sawaya, Brusquetti & Bauer 2009 Carvalho, Silva, Ferreira, Souza & Santana 2018 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Costa, Pantoja, Pontes & Feio 2010 Costa, Resende, Gonzalez, Cotta & Feio 2014 Cruz-Forlani, Bernardo, Haddad & Zaher 2010 Ferreira, Terra, Piatti, Delatorre, Strussmann, Beda, Kawashita-Ribeiro, Landgref-Filho, Aoki, Campos, Souza, Avila, Duleba, Martins, Rita & Albuquerque 2017 Franca & Araujo 2006 Guedes, Nogueira & Marques 2014 Hamdan & Lira-da-Silva 2012 Marques, Pereira, Barbo, Germano & Sawaya 2009 Moura-Leite, Morato & Bernils 1996 Nogueira, Argolo, Arzamendia, Azevedo, Barbo, Bernils, Bolochio, Borges-Martins, Brasil-Godinho, Braz, Buononato, Cisneros-Heredia & Colli 2019 Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 Sawaya, Marques & Martins 2008 Sazima & Abe 1991 Sazima & Manzani 1995 Zaher, Barbo, Martinez, Nogueira, Rodrigues & Sawaya 2011 Genus Siphlophis (Liana Snakes)   Siphlophis cervinus Common Liana Snake Amaral 1949 Avila-Pires 2005 Avila-Pires, Vitt, Sartorius & Zani 2009 Bernarde, Albuquerque, Barros & Turci 2012 Chippaux 1987 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Freitas, Mendes Venancio, Abegg, Santos Azevedo, Oliveira Pereira, Pinheiro Zanotti, Veloso, Schwarzbach, Oliveira e Sousa, Cruz-da-Silva, Goncalves de Amorim & Barbosa de Moura 2020 Freitas, Vieira, Entiauspe-Neto, Oliveira-e-Sousa, Farias, Sousa & Moura 2017 Frota, Santos, Chaldikis & Guedes 2005 Martins & Oliveira 1999 Maschio, Santos-Costa & Prudente 2016 Muller 1976 Nascimento, Avila-Pires & Cunha 1987 Nogueira, Argolo, Arzamendia, Azevedo, Barbo, Bernils, Bolochio, Borges-Martins, Brasil-Godinho, Braz, Buononato, Cisneros-Heredia & Colli 2019 Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 Prudente, Melo Sarmento, Camara Costa, Moreira Dourado, Meireles dos Santos, Ferreira Lima, Dias Lima & Galatti 2020 Prudente, Silva, Santos Meireles & Puorto 2017 Rodrigues, Maschio & Prudente 2016 Santos-Costa, Maschio & Prudente 2015 Silva 1993 Silva, Menks, Prudente, Costa, Travassos & Galatti 2011 Silva, Souza & Bernarde 2010 Waldez, Menin & Vogt 2013 Zaher & Prudente 1999   Siphlophis compressus Red-headed Liana Snake Abegg, Santos, Ortiz, Moraes & Freitas 2017 Almeida-Gomes, Siqueira, Borges-Junior, Vrcibradic, Fusinatto & Rocha 2014 Almeida-Gomes, Siquiera, Borges-Junior, Vrcibradic, Fusinatto & Rocha 2014 Amaral 1949 Argolo 2004 Avila & Kawashita-Ribeiro 2011 Avila-Pires 2005 Avila-Pires, Hoogmoed & Rocha 2010 Avila-Pires, Vitt, Sartorius & Zani 2009 Bernarde & Abe 2006 Bernarde, Albuquerque, Barros & Turci 2012 Bernarde, Albuquerque, Miranda & Turci 2013 Bernarde, Machado & Turci 2011 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Costa-Campos, Ribeiro Sanches, Pedroso-Santos, Figueiredo, Tavares-Pinheiro & Almeida-Santos 2021 Cunha, Nascimento & Avila-Pires 1985 Dias-Lima 2008 Fonseca, Silva, Abegg, Rosa & Bernarde 2019 Franca, Germano & Franca 2012 Freitas 2014 Freitas, Abegg, Ribeiro Dias & Figueiredo Moraes 2018 Freitas, Franca, Graboski, Uhlig & Verissimo 2012 Freitas, Mendes Venancio, Abegg, Santos Azevedo, Oliveira Pereira, Pinheiro Zanotti, Veloso, Schwarzbach, Oliveira e Sousa, Cruz-da-Silva, Goncalves de Amorim & Barbosa de Moura 2020 Frota, Santos, Chaldikis & Guedes 2005 Guedes, Nogueira & Marques 2014 Guedes, Nunes, Prudente & Marques 2011 Hamdan & Lira-da-Silva 2012 Marques, Mebert, Fonseca, Roedder, Sole & Tinoco 2016 Marques, Roedder, Sole & Tinoco 2017 Marques, Tinoco, Roedder & Browne-Ribeiro 2013 Martins & Oliveira 1999 Maschio, Santos-Costa & Prudente 2016 Mendes-Pinto & Souza 2011 Mesquita, Alves, Pedro, Laranjeiras, Caldas, Pedrosa, Rodrigues, Drummond, Cavalcanti, Wachlevski, Nogueira-Costa, Franca & Franca 2018 Muller 1976 Nascimento, Avila-Pires, Santos & Lima 1991 Nogueira, Argolo, Arzamendia, Azevedo, Barbo, Bernils, Bolochio, Borges-Martins, Brasil-Godinho, Braz, Buononato, Cisneros-Heredia & Colli 2019 Oliveira Lima, Andrade, Lima da Silva & Reis Dias 2022 Oliveira, Gonzalez, Passos, Vrcibradic & Rocha 2020 Pantoja & Fraga 2012 Pedroso Santos, Ribeiro Sanches & Costa-Campos 2019 Pereira-Ribeiro, Ferreguetti, Bergallo & Rocha 2022 Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 Pontes, Figueiredo, Pontes & Rocha 2008 Prudente, Maschio, Santos-Costa & Feitosa 2010 Prudente, Melo Sarmento, Camara Costa, Moreira Dourado, Meireles dos Santos, Ferreira Lima, Dias Lima & Galatti 2020 Prudente, Silva, Santos Meireles & Puorto 2017 Roberto & Loebmann 2016 Rocha, Bergallo, Pombal, Geise, Sluys, Fernandes & Caramaschi 2004 Rodrigues, Gama, Filho & Franca 2015 Rodrigues, Maschio & Prudente 2016 Rodrigues-Franca & Mendes Venancio 2010 Rojas-Padilla, Menezes, Dias, Argolo, Sole & Orrico 2020 Salles & Silva-Soares 2010 Salles, Weber & Silva-Soares 2010 Santos Azevedo, Oliveira & Costa 2021 Silva 1993 Silva, Silva, Sena & Nascimento 2006 Silva, Souza & Bernarde 2010 Vilela, Lima, Goncalves & Skuk 2011 Vrcibradic, Rocha, Kiefer, Hatano, Fontes, Almeida-Gomes, Siqueira, Pontes, Borges-Junior, Gil, Klaion, Rubiao & Sluys 2011 Yuki & Santos 1998 Yuki, Galatti & Rocha 1999 Zaher & Prudente 1999   * Siphlophis leucocephalus White-headed Liana Snake Argolo 2004 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Freitas, Verissimo & Uhlig 2012 Guedes, Nogueira & Marques 2014 Hamdan & Lira-da-Silva 2012 Nogueira, Argolo, Arzamendia, Azevedo, Barbo, Bernils, Bolochio, Borges-Martins, Brasil-Godinho, Braz, Buononato, Cisneros-Heredia & Colli 2019 Prudente, Silva, Santos Meireles & Puorto 2017 Thomassen, Costa, Silveira, Garcia & Bernils 2015 Zaher & Prudente 1999   * Siphlophis longicaudatus Long-tailed Liana Snake Barbo 2008 Barbo, Marques & Sawaya 2011 Condez, Sawaya & Dixo 2009 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Cruz-Forlani, Bernardo, Haddad & Zaher 2010 Lema 1994 Marques, Pereira, Barbo, Germano & Sawaya 2009 Nogueira, Argolo, Arzamendia, Azevedo, Barbo, Bernils, Bolochio, Borges-Martins, Brasil-Godinho, Braz, Buononato, Cisneros-Heredia & Colli 2019 Oliveira, Gonzalez, Passos, Vrcibradic & Rocha 2020 Oliveira, Santos, Lopes-Silva, Vasconcelos Barros, Risse-Quaioto, Militao, Fatorelli, Belmoch, Marcial de Castro & Rocha 2020 Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 Prudente & Feio 2001 Prudente, Silva, Santos Meireles & Puorto 2017 Rocha, Bergallo, Pombal, Geise, Sluys, Fernandes & Caramaschi 2004 Thomassen, Costa, Silveira, Garcia & Bernils 2015 Trevine, Forlani, Haddad & Zaher 2014 Zaher & Prudente 1999 Zaher, Barbo, Martinez, Nogueira, Rodrigues & Sawaya 2011   * Siphlophis pulcher Guanabara Liana Snake Argolo 2004 Cicchi, Sena, Peccinini-Seale & Duarte 2007 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Cruz-Centeno, Sawaya & Marques 2008 Duarte Rocha, Silva Telles, Vrcibradic & Nogueira-Costa 2018 Franca, Franca, Roedder & Sole 2022 Guedes & Oliveira 2020 Hamdan & Lira-da-Silva 2012 Hartmann, Hartmann & Martins 2009 Hartmann, Hartmann & Martins 2011 Kunz, Ghizoni, Santos & Hartmann 2007 Marques, Pereira, Barbo, Germano & Sawaya 2009 Marquez & Sazima 2004 Nogueira, Argolo, Arzamendia, Azevedo, Barbo, Bernils, Bolochio, Borges-Martins, Brasil-Godinho, Braz, Buononato, Cisneros-Heredia & Colli 2019 Oliveira, Gonzalez, Passos, Vrcibradic & Rocha 2020 Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 Prudente, Silva, Santos Meireles & Puorto 2017 Rocha & Sluys 2006 Rocha, Bergallo, Pombal, Geise, Sluys, Fernandes & Caramaschi 2004 Zaher & Prudente 1999 Zaher, Barbo, Martinez, Nogueira, Rodrigues & Sawaya 2011   Siphlophis worontzowi Amazon Liana Snake Bernarde & Abe 2006 Bernarde & Abe 2010 Bernarde, Albuquerque, Barros & Turci 2012 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Costa, Sao-Pedro & Feio 2010 Frota, Santos, Chaldikis & Guedes 2005 Matos & Melo-Sampaio 2013 Moravec, Aparicio, Guerrero-Reinhard & Calderon 2009 Nogueira, Argolo, Arzamendia, Azevedo, Barbo, Bernils, Bolochio, Borges-Martins, Brasil-Godinho, Braz, Buononato, Cisneros-Heredia & Colli 2019 Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 Prudente, Silva, Santos Meireles & Puorto 2017 Santos, Guimaraes-Guedes & Ribeiro 2003 Silva 1993 Vechio, Teixeira-Junior, Neto & Rodrigues 2015 Zaher & Prudente 1999 Genus Sordellina (Brazilian Yellow-lipped Snake)   * Sordellina punctata Brazilian Yellow-lipped Snake Cicchi, Sena, Peccinini-Seale & Duarte 2007 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Cruz-Forlani, Bernardo, Haddad & Zaher 2010 Fiorillo, Silva, Menezes, Marques & Martins 2020 Hoge & Romano 1978 Kunz, Ghizoni, Santos & Hartmann 2007 Marques, Pereira, Barbo, Germano & Sawaya 2009 Marquez & Sazima 2004 Miranda & Fernandes 2012 Nogueira, Argolo, Arzamendia, Azevedo, Barbo, Bernils, Bolochio, Borges-Martins, Brasil-Godinho, Braz, Buononato, Cisneros-Heredia & Colli 2019 Pereira, Stender-Oliveira, Rodrigues & Bernils 2007 Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 Zaher, Barbo, Martinez, Nogueira, Rodrigues & Sawaya 2011 Genus Spilotes (Chicken Snakes)   Spilotes pullatus Chicken Snake Abrahao-Morato 2005 Abrahao-Morato, Lima, Pries Staut, Faria, Souza-Alves, Feitosa Gouveia, Cavilha Scupino, Gomes & Silva 2011 Almeida-Gomes, Siqueira, Borges-Junior, Vrcibradic, Fusinatto & Rocha 2014 Almeida-Gomes, Siquiera, Borges-Junior, Vrcibradic, Fusinatto & Rocha 2014 Alves Benicio, Mesquita, Cavalcante & Fonseca 2015 Amaral 1949 Araujo, Condez, Bovo, Centeno & Luiz 2010 Araujo, Ribeiro, Andrade, Pereira, Guzzi & Avila 2020 Argolo 2004 Avila-Pires 2005 Avila-Pires, Vitt, Sartorius & Zani 2009 Barbo 2008 Barbo, Marques & Sawaya 2011 Bernarde & Abe 2006 Bernarde, Albuquerque, Barros & Turci 2012 Bernarde, Albuquerque, Miranda & Turci 2013 Bernarde, Machado & Turci 2011 Bernils & Moura-Leite 2010 Bernils, Batista & Bertelli 2001 Bertoluci, Canelas, Eisemberg, Palmuti & Montingelli 2009 Borges-Leite, Rodrigues & Borges-Nojosa 2014 Castro, Mangia, Medeiros Magalhaes, Roehr, Camurugi, Silveira Filho, Silva, Andrade-Oliveira, Sousa, Rodrigues Franca, Harris, Garda & Borges-Nojosa 2019 Cavalheri, Siqueira, Brasil-Godinho, Fadel, Trevine, Sartori & Santana 2021 Cicchi, Sena, Peccinini-Seale & Duarte 2007 Cicchi, Serafim, Sena, Cruz-Centeno & Jim 2009 Cintra, Silva & Silva 2009 Condez, Sawaya & Dixo 2009 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Costa, Pantoja, Pontes & Feio 2010 Costa, Resende, Gonzalez, Cotta & Feio 2014 Cruz-Centeno, Sawaya & Marques 2008 Cruz-Forlani, Bernardo, Haddad & Zaher 2010 Cunha de Oliveira & Soares de Oliveira 2014 Cunha, Moreira & Sousa-Silva 2010 Cunha, Nascimento & Avila-Pires 1985 Dias-Lima 2008 Duarte Rocha, Silva Telles, Vrcibradic & Nogueira-Costa 2018 Fernandes-Ferreira, Mendonca, Cruz, Borges-Nojosa & Alves 2013 Ferreira, Terra, Piatti, Delatorre, Strussmann, Beda, Kawashita-Ribeiro, Landgref-Filho, Aoki, Campos, Souza, Avila, Duleba, Martins, Rita & Albuquerque 2017 Fiorillo, Silva, Menezes, Marques & Martins 2020 Fonseca, Silva, Abegg, Rosa & Bernarde 2019 Franca & Araujo 2006 Franca & Silva Braz 2013 Franca, Franca, Roedder & Sole 2022 Franca, Freitas, Ramalho & Bernarde 2017 Franca, Germano & Franca 2012 Freitas 2014 Freitas, Abegg, Ribeiro Dias & Figueiredo Moraes 2018 Freitas, Abegg, Silva Araujo, Almeida Coelho, Santos Azevedo, Frazao Chaves & Barbosa de Moura 2019 Freitas, Colli, Entiauspe-Neto, Trinchao, Araujo, Oliveira Lima, Franca, Gaiga & Dias 2016 Freitas, Mendes Venancio, Abegg, Santos Azevedo, Oliveira Pereira, Pinheiro Zanotti, Veloso, Schwarzbach, Oliveira e Sousa, Cruz-da-Silva, Goncalves de Amorim & Barbosa de Moura 2020 Freitas, Santos Silva, Mendes Fonseca, Hamdan, Filadelfo & Abegg 2019 Freitas, Verissimo & Uhlig 2012 Freitas, Vieira, Entiauspe-Neto, Oliveira-e-Sousa, Farias, Sousa & Moura 2017 Frota, Santos, Chaldikis & Guedes 2005 Garda, Costa, Santos-Silva, Mesquita, Faria, Conceicao, Silva, Ferreira, Rocha, Palmeira, Rodrigues, Ferrari & Torquato 2013 Guedes, Nogueira & Marques 2014 Gutsche, Kwet, Kucharzewski & Hallermann 2007 Hamdan & Lira-da-Silva 2012 Hartmann, Hartmann & Martins 2009 Hartmann, Hartmann & Martins 2011 Hauzman, Costa & Scartozzoni 2005 Hoge, Russo, Santos & Furtado 1981 Kunz & Ghizoni 2009 Kunz, Ghizoni, Santos & Hartmann 2007 Lema 1994 Lima-Verde & Cascon 1990 Linares & Eterovick 2013 Loebmann & Haddad 2010 Madella-Auricchio, Auricchio & Soares 2017 Marques, Mebert, Fonseca, Roedder, Sole & Tinoco 2016 Marques, Pereira, Barbo, Germano & Sawaya 2009 Marques, Roedder, Sole & Tinoco 2017 Marquez & Sazima 2004 Martins & Oliveira 1999 Maschio, Santos-Costa & Prudente 2016 Mendes-Pinto & Souza 2011 Mendonca, Cobra, Bernardo & Silva-Soares 2011 Menezes, Abegg, Silva, Franco & Feio 2018 Mesquita, Alves, Pedro, Laranjeiras, Caldas, Pedrosa, Rodrigues, Drummond, Cavalcanti, Wachlevski, Nogueira-Costa, Franca & Franca 2018 Miranda, Costa & Rocha 2012 Moura, Motta, Fernandes & Feio 2012 Muller 1976 Nascimento Barbosa, Silva Amaral, Gusmao, Lira Lima, Melo Souza, Silva Aguiar, Maranhao dos Santos 2020 Nascimento, Avila-Pires, Santos & Lima 1991 Nogueira, Argolo, Arzamendia, Azevedo, Barbo, Bernils, Bolochio, Borges-Martins, Brasil-Godinho, Braz, Buononato, Cisneros-Heredia & Colli 2019 Oliveira da Silva, Oliveira, Woitovicz-Cardoso & Graf 2007 Oliveira Lima, Andrade, Lima da Silva & Reis Dias 2022 Oliveira Neves, Yves, Almeida Pereira, Alves, Bonfim Vasques, Teixeira Coelho & Santos Silva 2019 Oliveira, Araujo, Oliveira & Avila 2021 Oliveira, Gonzalez, Passos, Vrcibradic & Rocha 2020 Oliveira, Santos, Lopes-Silva, Vasconcelos Barros, Risse-Quaioto, Militao, Fatorelli, Belmoch, Marcial de Castro & Rocha 2020 Ortiz, Freitas, Rodrigues, Abegg & Franco 2017 O'Shea 1990 Pereira Ramalho, Fagundes Franca, Guerra, Marciano, Vale & Rodrigues Silva 2018 Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 Pinheiro, Abe, Bitar, Albarelli & Santos-Costa 2015 Pontes, Figueiredo, Pontes & Rocha 2008 Prudente, Maschio, Santos-Costa & Feitosa 2010 Prudente, Melo Sarmento, Camara Costa, Moreira Dourado, Meireles dos Santos, Ferreira Lima, Dias Lima & Galatti 2020 Queiroga Cavalcanti, Borges Costa, Rinaldi Colli, Correa Costa, Rodrigues Franca, Oliveira-Mesquita, Silva Palmeira, Pelegrin, Bello Soares, Tucker & Garda 2014 Ribeiro, Roberto, Sales, Avila & Almeida 2012 Roberto & Loebmann 2016 Roberto, Oliveira, Araujo-Filho, Oliveira & Avila 2017 Rocha & Prudente 2010 Rocha & Sluys 2006 Rocha, Bergallo, Pombal, Geise, Sluys, Fernandes & Caramaschi 2004 Rodrigues, Gama, Filho & Franca 2015 Rodrigues, Maschio & Prudente 2016 Rodrigues-Franca & Mendes Venancio 2010 Rojas-Padilla, Menezes, Dias, Argolo, Sole & Orrico 2020 Ruschi 1966 Sales, Lisboa & Freire 2009 Salles & Silva-Soares 2010 Salles, Weber & Silva-Soares 2010 Sampaio, Santos, Franca, Pedrosa, Sole & Franca 2018 Santos Azevedo, Oliveira & Costa 2021 Santos Dainesi, Abegg, Bernarde, Pena Correa, Caetano Machado, Oliveira Meneses & Sena Santos 2019 Santos-Costa, Maschio & Prudente 2015 Sazima & Manzani 1995 Silva 1993 Silva Lucas, Novelli & Sousa 2016 Silva Rodrigues & Prudente 2011 Silva, Cintra, Silva, Costa, Amaral-Souza, Pacheco & Goncalves 2009 Silva, Menks, Prudente, Costa, Travassos & Galatti 2011 Silva, Rocha & Nogueira-Paranhos 2016 Silva, Silva, Sena & Nascimento 2006 Silva, Souza & Bernarde 2010 Sousa, Gomides, Hudson, Ribeiro & Novelli 2012 Souza Filho & Oliveira 2015 Souza Palmuti, Cassimiro & Bertoluci 2009 Spengler Waltrick & Menta Giasson 2021 Tavares, Melo, Campos, Oda & Strussmann 2012 Trevine, Forlani, Haddad & Zaher 2014 Turci & Bernarde 2009 Vanzolini, Ramos-Costa & Vitt 1980 Vaz-Silva, Guimaraes-Guedes, Azevedo-Silva, Gontijo, Barbosa, Aloisio & Oliveira 2007 Vechio, Recoder, Rodrigues & Zaher 2013 Vechio, Teixeira Junior, Recoder, Rodrigues & Zaher 2016 Vitt & Vangilder 1984 Vrcibradic, Rocha, Kiefer, Hatano, Fontes, Almeida-Gomes, Siqueira, Pontes, Borges-Junior, Gil, Klaion, Rubiao & Sluys 2011 Waldez, Menin & Vogt 2013 Yuki & Santos 1998 Zaher, Barbo, Martinez, Nogueira, Rodrigues & Sawaya 2011   Spilotes sulphureus Yellow-bellied Puffing Snake Almeida-Gomes, Siqueira, Borges-Junior, Vrcibradic, Fusinatto & Rocha 2014 Almeida-Gomes, Siquiera, Borges-Junior, Vrcibradic, Fusinatto & Rocha 2014 Amaral 1949 Andrade, Santos-Almeida & Reis-Dias 2017 Argolo 2004 Avila-Pires 2005 Avila-Pires, Hoogmoed & Rocha 2010 Avila-Pires, Vitt, Sartorius & Zani 2009 Bernarde, Albuquerque, Barros & Turci 2012 Borges-Nojosa, Loebmann, Lima, Melo & Mai 2006 Carvalho, Souza Alencar & Carvalho-Vilar 2007 Castro & Teixeira 2007 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Cunha, Nascimento & Avila-Pires 1985 Franca, Franca, Roedder & Sole 2022 Franca, Germano & Franca 2012 Freitas 2014 Freitas, Abegg, Ribeiro Dias & Figueiredo Moraes 2018 Freitas, Franca, Graboski, Uhlig & Verissimo 2012 Freitas, Santos Silva, Mendes Fonseca, Hamdan, Filadelfo & Abegg 2019 Frota, Santos, Chaldikis & Guedes 2005 Guedes, Nogueira & Marques 2014 Hamdan & Lira-da-Silva 2012 Lisboa, Tiburcio, Silva & Sugliano 2009 Loebmann & Haddad 2010 Marques, Mebert, Fonseca, Roedder, Sole & Tinoco 2016 Marques, Roedder, Sole & Tinoco 2017 Marques, Tinoco, Couto-Ferreira, Fazolato, Browne-Ribeiro, Travassos, Dias & Mota 2011 Martins & Oliveira 1999 Maschio, Santos-Costa & Prudente 2016 Mesquita, Alves, Pedro, Laranjeiras, Caldas, Pedrosa, Rodrigues, Drummond, Cavalcanti, Wachlevski, Nogueira-Costa, Franca & Franca 2018 Muller 1976 Nascimento, Avila Pires & Cunha 1988 Nogueira, Argolo, Arzamendia, Azevedo, Barbo, Bernils, Bolochio, Borges-Martins, Brasil-Godinho, Braz, Buononato, Cisneros-Heredia & Colli 2019 Oliveira Lima, Andrade, Lima da Silva & Reis Dias 2022 Oliveira, Gonzalez, Passos, Vrcibradic & Rocha 2020 Pereira-Ribeiro, Ferreguetti, Bergallo & Rocha 2022 Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 Pontes, Figueiredo, Pontes & Rocha 2008 Prudente, Maschio, Santos-Costa & Feitosa 2010 Prudente, Melo Sarmento, Camara Costa, Moreira Dourado, Meireles dos Santos, Ferreira Lima, Dias Lima & Galatti 2020 Roberto & Loebmann 2016 Rocha, Bergallo, Pombal, Geise, Sluys, Fernandes & Caramaschi 2004 Ruschi 1966 Salles & Silva-Soares 2010 Salles, Weber & Silva-Soares 2010 Santos-Costa, Maschio & Prudente 2015 Silva 1993 Silva Cozer, Pereira-Ribeiro, Meirelles Linause, Colombo Ferreguetti, Godoy Bergallo & Rocha 2020 Silva, Souza & Bernarde 2010 Tavares, Melo, Campos, Oda & Strussmann 2012 Vrcibradic, Rocha, Kiefer, Hatano, Fontes, Almeida-Gomes, Siqueira, Pontes, Borges-Junior, Gil, Klaion, Rubiao & Sluys 2011 Genus Tachymenis (South American Scrub Snakes)   Tachymenis ocellata Ocellated Pampas Snake Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Giraudo & Scrocchi 2002 Lema 1994 Nogueira, Argolo, Arzamendia, Azevedo, Barbo, Bernils, Bolochio, Borges-Martins, Brasil-Godinho, Braz, Buononato, Cisneros-Heredia & Colli 2019 Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 Genus Taeniophallus (Lowland Dwarf Leaf-litter Snakes)   Taeniophallus brevirostris Short-nosed Leaf-litter Snake Avila-Pires 2005 Avila-Pires, Hoogmoed & Rocha 2010 Avila-Pires, Vitt, Sartorius & Zani 2009 Bernarde, Albuquerque, Barros & Turci 2012 Bernarde, Albuquerque, Miranda & Turci 2013 Bernarde, Machado & Turci 2011 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Dias-Lima 2008 Frota, Santos, Chaldikis & Guedes 2005 Martins & Oliveira 1999 Maschio, Santos-Costa & Prudente 2016 Morais, Mott, Kawashita-Ribeiro & Santos 2010 Myers 1974 Nogueira, Argolo, Arzamendia, Azevedo, Barbo, Bernils, Bolochio, Borges-Martins, Brasil-Godinho, Braz, Buononato, Cisneros-Heredia & Colli 2019 Prudente, Melo Sarmento, Camara Costa, Moreira Dourado, Meireles dos Santos, Ferreira Lima, Dias Lima & Galatti 2020 Ribeiro-Junior, Rossi, Miranda & Avila-Pires 2011 Santos, Di-Bernardo & Lema 2008 Santos-Costa, Maschio & Prudente 2015 Silva 1993 Silva, Souza & Bernarde 2010 Yuki 1999   Taeniophallus nicagus Northern Leaf-litter Snake Avila-Pires 2005 Avila-Pires, Hoogmoed & Rocha 2010 Cope 1895 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Martins & Oliveira 1999 Myers & Cadle 1994 Nogueira, Argolo, Arzamendia, Azevedo, Barbo, Bernils, Bolochio, Borges-Martins, Brasil-Godinho, Braz, Buononato, Cisneros-Heredia & Colli 2019 Prudente, Melo Sarmento, Camara Costa, Moreira Dourado, Meireles dos Santos, Ferreira Lima, Dias Lima & Galatti 2020 Genus Tantilla (American Centipede Snakes)   * Tantilla boipiranga Minas Gerais Centipede Snake Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Nogueira, Argolo, Arzamendia, Azevedo, Barbo, Bernils, Bolochio, Borges-Martins, Brasil-Godinho, Braz, Buononato, Cisneros-Heredia & Colli 2019 Santos Azevedo, Franco, Thomassen, Castro, Abegg, Leite, Battilana & Grazziotin 2021 Sawaya & Sazima 2003 Silveira, Cotta & Pires 2009 Wilson & Mata-Silva 2015   Tantilla melanocephala South American Black-headed Centipede Snake Amaral 1949 Araujo, Ribeiro, Andrade, Pereira, Guzzi & Avila 2020 Argolo 2004 Avila-Pires 2005 Avila-Pires, Hoogmoed & Rocha 2010 Avila-Pires, Vitt, Sartorius & Zani 2009 Barbo 2008 Barbo, Marques & Sawaya 2011 [as "cf. melanocephala"] Barbour 1914 [as Elapomorphus nuchalis] Bernarde & Abe 2006 Bernarde, Albuquerque, Barros & Turci 2012 Bernarde, Albuquerque, Miranda & Turci 2013 Bernarde, Machado & Turci 2011 Borges-Leite, Rodrigues & Borges-Nojosa 2014 Borges-Nojosa & Santos 2005 Calixto & Morato 2017 Carvalho & Nogueira 1998 Carvalho, Silva, Ferreira, Souza & Santana 2018 Carvalho, Souza Alencar & Carvalho-Vilar 2007 Castro, Mangia, Medeiros Magalhaes, Roehr, Camurugi, Silveira Filho, Silva, Andrade-Oliveira, Sousa, Rodrigues Franca, Harris, Garda & Borges-Nojosa 2019 Cintra, Silva & Silva 2009 Cordeiro & Hoge 1973 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Dias-Lima 2008 Ferreira, Sturaro & Peloso 2017 Ferreira, Terra, Piatti, Delatorre, Strussmann, Beda, Kawashita-Ribeiro, Landgref-Filho, Aoki, Campos, Souza, Avila, Duleba, Martins, Rita & Albuquerque 2017 Fiorillo, Maciel & Martins 2021 Franca & Araujo 2006 Franca & Silva Braz 2013 Franca, Germano & Franca 2012 Freitas 2014 Freitas, Abegg, Ribeiro Dias & Figueiredo Moraes 2018 Freitas, Colli, Entiauspe-Neto, Trinchao, Araujo, Oliveira Lima, Franca, Gaiga & Dias 2016 [as marcovani] Freitas, Santos Silva, Mendes Fonseca, Hamdan, Filadelfo & Abegg 2019 Freitas, Vieira, Entiauspe-Neto, Oliveira-e-Sousa, Farias, Sousa & Moura 2017 Frota, Santos, Chaldikis & Guedes 2005 Garda, Costa, Santos-Silva, Mesquita, Faria, Conceicao, Silva, Ferreira, Rocha, Palmeira, Rodrigues, Ferrari & Torquato 2013 Ghizoni, Kunz, Cherem & Bernils 2009 Guedes, Nogueira & Marques 2014 Gunther 1895 Gutsche, Kwet, Kucharzewski & Hallermann 2007 Hamdan & Lira-da-Silva 2012 [as marcovani] Jowers, Rivas, Jadin, Braswell, Auguste, Borzee & Murphy 2020 Kunz & Ghizoni 2009 Lema 1994 Lema 2004 [as marcovani] Lima-Verde & Cascon 1990 Linares & Eterovick 2013 Loebmann & Haddad 2010 [as "aff. melanocephala"] Lopes Santos, Pereira de Andrade, Victor-Junior & Vaz-Silva 2014 Marques, Mebert, Fonseca, Roedder, Sole & Tinoco 2016 Marques, Pereira, Barbo, Germano & Sawaya 2009 Marques, Roedder, Sole & Tinoco 2017 Martins & Oliveira 1999 Maschio, Santos-Costa & Prudente 2016 Melo, Moura, Freitas, Andrade, Casal, Abegg & Kokubum 2018 Mesquita, Alves, Pedro, Laranjeiras, Caldas, Pedrosa, Rodrigues, Drummond, Cavalcanti, Wachlevski, Nogueira-Costa, Franca & Franca 2018 Mesquita, Passos, Borges-Nojosa & Cechin 2013 Miranda, Costa & Rocha 2012 Moreira, Fenolio, Silva & Silva 2009 Muller 1976 Nascimento Barbosa, Silva Amaral, Gusmao, Lira Lima, Melo Souza, Silva Aguiar, Maranhao dos Santos 2020 Nascimento, Avila-Pires, Santos & Lima 1991 Nogueira, Argolo, Arzamendia, Azevedo, Barbo, Bernils, Bolochio, Borges-Martins, Brasil-Godinho, Braz, Buononato, Cisneros-Heredia & Colli 2019 Oliveira Lima, Andrade, Lima da Silva & Reis Dias 2022 Oliveira Neves, Yves, Almeida Pereira, Alves, Bonfim Vasques, Teixeira Coelho & Santos Silva 2019 Oliveira, Gonzalez, Passos, Vrcibradic & Rocha 2020 [as "T. aff. melanocephala"] Oliveira-Araujo, Correa-Filho & Sawaya 2010 O'Shea 1990 Outeiral, Balestrin, Cappellari, Lema & Ferreira 2018 Pedrosa, Costa, Faria, Franca, Laranjeiras, Oliveira, Palmeira, Torquata, Mott, Vieira & Garda 2014 Pereira-Filho & Montingelli 2011 [as marcovani] Pinheiro, Abe, Bitar, Albarelli & Santos-Costa 2015 Protazio, Protazio, Silva, Conceicao, Braga, Santos, Ribeiro, Almeida, Gama, Vieira & Silva 2021 Prudente, Maschio, Santos-Costa & Feitosa 2010 Prudente, Melo Sarmento, Camara Costa, Moreira Dourado, Meireles dos Santos, Ferreira Lima, Dias Lima & Galatti 2020 Recoder, Junior, Camacho, Nunes, Mott, Valdujo, Ghellere, Nogueira & Rodrigues 2011 Ribeiro, Roberto, Sales, Avila & Almeida 2012 Roberto & Loebmann 2016 Roberto, Oliveira, Araujo-Filho, Oliveira & Avila 2017 Rocha & Prudente 2010 Rodrigues, Gama, Filho & Franca 2015 Rodrigues, Maschio & Prudente 2016 Sampaio, Santos, Franca, Pedrosa, Sole & Franca 2018 Santana, Vieira, Pereira-Filho, Delfim, Lima & Vieira 2008 Santos, Avila & Kawashita-Ribeiro 2011 Santos-Costa, Maschio & Prudente 2015 Sawaya & Sazima 2003 Sawaya, Marques & Martins 2008 Sazima & Manzani 1995 Silva 1993 Silva, Menks, Prudente, Costa, Travassos & Galatti 2011 Silva, Rocha & Nogueira-Paranhos 2016 Silva, Silva, Sena & Nascimento 2006 [as "aff. melanocephala"] Silva, Souza & Bernarde 2010 Souza Filho & Verrastro 2012 Souza-Costa, Mira-Mendes, Ribeiro Dias, Brito Silva, Argolo & Sole 2020 Tavares, Melo, Campos, Oda & Strussmann 2012 Trevine, Forlani, Haddad & Zaher 2014 Valls Moraes & Yuki 1998 Vanzolini, Ramos-Costa & Vitt 1980 Vaz-Silva, Guimaraes-Guedes, Azevedo-Silva, Gontijo, Barbosa, Aloisio & Oliveira 2007 Vechio, Recoder, Rodrigues & Zaher 2013 Vechio, Teixeira Junior, Recoder, Rodrigues & Zaher 2016 Waldez, Menin & Vogt 2013 Wilson & Mena 1980 Winck, Santos & Cechin 2007 Yuki & Santos 1998 Zaher, Barbo, Martinez, Nogueira, Rodrigues & Sawaya 2011 Genus Thalesius (Guiana Green Snake)   Thalesius viridis Guiana Green Snake Avila-Pires, Hoogmoed & Rocha 2010 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 [as Xenodon werneri] Dias-Lima 2008 [as Xenodon werneri] Nogueira, Argolo, Arzamendia, Azevedo, Barbo, Bernils, Bolochio, Borges-Martins, Brasil-Godinho, Braz, Buononato, Cisneros-Heredia & Colli 2019 [as Xenodon werneri] Prudente, Melo Sarmento, Camara Costa, Moreira Dourado, Meireles dos Santos, Ferreira Lima, Dias Lima & Galatti 2020 [as Xenodon werneri] Genus Thamnodynastes (South American Mock Vipers)   * Thamnodynastes longicaudus Long-tailed Mock Viper Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Franco, Ferreira, Marques & Sazima 2003 Nogueira, Argolo, Arzamendia, Azevedo, Barbo, Bernils, Bolochio, Borges-Martins, Brasil-Godinho, Braz, Buononato, Cisneros-Heredia & Colli 2019 Oliveira, Gonzalez, Passos, Vrcibradic & Rocha 2020 Silveira 2006 Trevine, Caicedo-Portilla, Hoogmoed, Thomas, Franco, Montingelli, Osorno-Munoz & Zaher 2021 Zaher, Barbo, Martinez, Nogueira, Rodrigues & Sawaya 2011   Thamnodynastes pallidus Common South American Mock Viper Avila-Pires 2005 Bailey, Thomas & Silva 2005 Bernarde, Albuquerque, Barros & Turci 2012 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Franca, Germano & Franca 2012 Franco & Ferreira 2002 Franco, Trevine, Montingelli & Zaher 2017 Freitas 2014 Freitas, Abegg, Ribeiro Dias & Figueiredo Moraes 2018 Freitas, Santos Silva, Mendes Fonseca, Hamdan, Filadelfo & Abegg 2019 Guedes, Nogueira & Marques 2014 Hamdan & Lira-da-Silva 2012 Marques, Mebert, Fonseca, Roedder, Sole & Tinoco 2016 Marques, Roedder, Sole & Tinoco 2017 Marques, Tinoco, Roedder & Browne-Ribeiro 2013 Melo, Moura, Freitas, Andrade, Casal, Abegg & Kokubum 2018 Mesquita, Alves, Pedro, Laranjeiras, Caldas, Pedrosa, Rodrigues, Drummond, Cavalcanti, Wachlevski, Nogueira-Costa, Franca & Franca 2018 Nascimento Barbosa, Silva Amaral, Gusmao, Lira Lima, Melo Souza, Silva Aguiar, Maranhao dos Santos 2020 Nogueira, Argolo, Arzamendia, Azevedo, Barbo, Bernils, Bolochio, Borges-Martins, Brasil-Godinho, Braz, Buononato, Cisneros-Heredia & Colli 2019 Oliveira Lima, Andrade, Lima da Silva & Reis Dias 2022 Pantoja & Fraga 2012 Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 Protazio, Protazio, Silva, Conceicao, Braga, Santos, Ribeiro, Almeida, Gama, Vieira & Silva 2021 Prudente, Melo Sarmento, Camara Costa, Moreira Dourado, Meireles dos Santos, Ferreira Lima, Dias Lima & Galatti 2020 Rodrigues, Gama, Filho & Franca 2015 Santana, Vieira, Pereira-Filho, Delfim, Lima & Vieira 2008 Sazima & Manzani 1995 [as "cf. strigilis"] Silva, Souza & Bernarde 2010 Trevine, Caicedo-Portilla, Hoogmoed, Thomas, Franco, Montingelli, Osorno-Munoz & Zaher 2021 Waldez, Menin & Vogt 2013 Yuki, Galatti & Rocha 1999   * Thamnodynastes sertanejo Sertao Mock Viper Bailey, Thomas & Silva 2005 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Fernandes Coelho, Souza, Weider, Machado Pereira & Barros Ribeiro 2013 Franco, Trevine, Montingelli & Zaher 2017 Freitas, Abegg, Silva Araujo, Almeida Coelho, Santos Azevedo, Frazao Chaves & Barbosa de Moura 2019 Guedes, Nogueira & Marques 2014 Hamdan & Lira-da-Silva 2012 Lima Silveira & Agostini-Cotta 2006 Nogueira, Argolo, Arzamendia, Azevedo, Barbo, Bernils, Bolochio, Borges-Martins, Brasil-Godinho, Braz, Buononato, Cisneros-Heredia & Colli 2019 Ribeiro, Roberto, Sales, Avila & Almeida 2012 Roberto & Loebmann 2016 Roberto, Brito, Cardozo Ribeiro & Lima Melo 2009 Trevine, Caicedo-Portilla, Hoogmoed, Thomas, Franco, Montingelli, Osorno-Munoz & Zaher 2021   Thamnodynastes silvai Loreto Mock Viper Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Trevine, Caicedo-Portilla, Hoogmoed, Thomas, Franco, Montingelli, Osorno-Munoz & Zaher 2021 Genus Tomodon (Pampas Snakes)   Tomodon dorsatus Brazilian Pampas Snake Abrahao-Morato 2005 Araujo, Condez, Bovo, Centeno & Luiz 2010 Barbo 2008 Barbo, Marques & Sawaya 2011 Bernils, Batista & Bertelli 2001 Cicchi, Sena, Peccinini-Seale & Duarte 2007 Condez, Sawaya & Dixo 2009 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Cruz-Centeno, Sawaya & Marques 2008 Cruz-Forlani, Bernardo, Haddad & Zaher 2010 Ferreira, Terra, Piatti, Delatorre, Strussmann, Beda, Kawashita-Ribeiro, Landgref-Filho, Aoki, Campos, Souza, Avila, Duleba, Martins, Rita & Albuquerque 2017 Fiorillo, Silva, Menezes, Marques & Martins 2020 Kunz & Ghizoni 2009 Kunz, Ghizoni, Santos & Hartmann 2007 Lema 1994 Marques, Pereira, Barbo, Germano & Sawaya 2009 Marquez & Sazima 2004 Menezes, Abegg, Silva, Franco & Feio 2018 Nogueira, Argolo, Arzamendia, Azevedo, Barbo, Bernils, Bolochio, Borges-Martins, Brasil-Godinho, Braz, Buononato, Cisneros-Heredia & Colli 2019 Oliveira, Gonzalez, Passos, Vrcibradic & Rocha 2020 Ortiz, Freitas, Rodrigues, Abegg & Franco 2017 Outeiral, Balestrin, Cappellari, Lema & Ferreira 2018 Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 [as Opisthoplus degener] Rocha, Bergallo, Pombal, Geise, Sluys, Fernandes & Caramaschi 2004 Santos Dainesi, Abegg, Bernarde, Pena Correa, Caetano Machado, Oliveira Meneses & Sena Santos 2019 Souza Filho & Oliveira 2015 Souza-Filho, Plombon & Capela 2015 Spengler Waltrick & Menta Giasson 2021 Trevine, Forlani, Haddad & Zaher 2014 Zaher, Barbo, Martinez, Nogueira, Rodrigues & Sawaya 2011 Zanella, Paula, Guaragni & Machado 2013 Zanella, Paula, Guaragni & Souza 2013 Genus Tropidodryas (Atlantic Forest Tree Snakes)   * Tropidodryas serra Atlantic Forest Lowland Tree Snake Abrahao-Morato 2005 Argolo 1999 Bernils, Batista & Bertelli 2001 Bertoluci, Canelas, Eisemberg, Palmuti & Montingelli 2009 Cicchi, Sena, Peccinini-Seale & Duarte 2007 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Cruz-Centeno, Sawaya & Marques 2008 Cruz-Forlani, Bernardo, Haddad & Zaher 2010 Cunha de Oliveira & Soares de Oliveira 2014 Franca, Franca, Roedder & Sole 2022 Hamdan & Lira-da-Silva 2012 Kunz, Ghizoni, Santos & Hartmann 2007 Marques, Pereira, Barbo, Germano & Sawaya 2009 Marquez & Sazima 2004 Nogueira, Argolo, Arzamendia, Azevedo, Barbo, Bernils, Bolochio, Borges-Martins, Brasil-Godinho, Braz, Buononato, Cisneros-Heredia & Colli 2019 Oliveira 2008 Oliveira, Gonzalez, Passos, Vrcibradic & Rocha 2020 Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 Pontes, Figueiredo, Pontes & Rocha 2008 Rocha, Bergallo, Pombal, Geise, Sluys, Fernandes & Caramaschi 2004 Salles & Silva-Soares 2010 Silva-Soares, Ferreira, Salles & Rocha 2011 Spengler Waltrick & Menta Giasson 2021 Thomas & Dixon 1977 Travassos & Freitas 1949 Trevine, Forlani, Haddad & Zaher 2014 Vrcibradic, Goes & Carvalho-e-Silva 2012 Zaher, Barbo, Martinez, Nogueira, Rodrigues & Sawaya 2011   * Tropidodryas striaticeps Atlantic Forest Highland Tree Snake Araujo, Condez, Bovo, Centeno & Luiz 2010 Argolo 1999 Barbo 2008 Barbo, Marques & Sawaya 2011 Bernils, Batista & Bertelli 2001 Bertoluci, Canelas, Eisemberg, Palmuti & Montingelli 2009 Cicchi, Sena, Peccinini-Seale & Duarte 2007 Condez, Sawaya & Dixo 2009 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Costa, Pantoja, Pontes & Feio 2010 Cruz-Centeno, Sawaya & Marques 2008 Cruz-Forlani, Bernardo, Haddad & Zaher 2010 Entringer, Silva-Soares, Silva & Srbek-Araujo 2021 Franca, Franca, Roedder & Sole 2022 Freitas, Verissimo & Uhlig 2012 Guedes & Marques 2011 Guedes, Nogueira & Marques 2014 Hamdan & Lira-da-Silva 2007 Hamdan & Lira-da-Silva 2012 Hartmann, Hartmann & Martins 2009 Kunz, Ghizoni, Santos & Hartmann 2007 Lema 1994 Marques, Pereira, Barbo, Germano & Sawaya 2009 Moura, Motta, Fernandes & Feio 2012 Nogueira, Argolo, Arzamendia, Azevedo, Barbo, Bernils, Bolochio, Borges-Martins, Brasil-Godinho, Braz, Buononato, Cisneros-Heredia & Colli 2019 Oliveira 2008 Oliveira, Gonzalez, Passos, Vrcibradic & Rocha 2020 Ortiz, Freitas, Rodrigues, Abegg & Franco 2017 Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 [as Philodryas pseudoserra] Rocha, Bergallo, Pombal, Geise, Sluys, Fernandes & Caramaschi 2004 Sao-Pedro & Pires 2009 Sousa, Gomides, Hudson, Ribeiro & Novelli 2012 Souza Filho & Oliveira 2015 Spengler Waltrick & Menta Giasson 2021 Thomas & Dixon 1977 Trevine, Forlani, Haddad & Zaher 2014 Vrcibradic, Rocha, Kiefer, Hatano, Fontes, Almeida-Gomes, Siqueira, Pontes, Borges-Junior, Gil, Klaion, Rubiao & Sluys 2011 Zaher, Barbo, Martinez, Nogueira, Rodrigues & Sawaya 2011 Genus Xenodon (Northern Mock Lanceheads and South American Hognose Snakes)   Xenodon dorbignyi Spotted Hognose Snake Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Dumeril, Bibron & Dumeril 1854 Entiauspe-Neto, Perleberg & Freitas 2016 Franca, Franca, Roedder & Sole 2022 Ghizoni, Kunz, Cherem & Bernils 2009 Kunz, Ghizoni & Giasson 2011 Lema 1994 Nogueira, Argolo, Arzamendia, Azevedo, Barbo, Bernils, Bolochio, Borges-Martins, Brasil-Godinho, Braz, Buononato, Cisneros-Heredia & Colli 2019 Outeiral, Balestrin, Cappellari, Lema & Ferreira 2018 Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 Quintela, Medvedovsky, Ibarra, Neves & Figueiredo 2011 Santos, Oliveira & Tozetti 2012 Souza Filho & Verrastro 2012 Winck, Santos & Cechin 2007   * Xenodon guentheri Santa Catarina Mock Lancehead Bernils, Batista & Bertelli 2001 Boettger 1905 Boulenger 1894 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Kunz & Ghizoni 2009 Kunz, Ghizoni, Santos & Hartmann 2007 Nogueira, Argolo, Arzamendia, Azevedo, Barbo, Bernils, Bolochio, Borges-Martins, Brasil-Godinho, Braz, Buononato, Cisneros-Heredia & Colli 2019 Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 Spengler Waltrick & Menta Giasson 2021   Xenodon histricus Rayed Hognose Snake Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Giraudo & Scrocchi 2002 Lema 1994 Nogueira, Argolo, Arzamendia, Azevedo, Barbo, Bernils, Bolochio, Borges-Martins, Brasil-Godinho, Braz, Buononato, Cisneros-Heredia & Colli 2019   Xenodon matogrossensis Mato Grosso Hognose Snake Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Ferreira, Terra, Piatti, Delatorre, Strussmann, Beda, Kawashita-Ribeiro, Landgref-Filho, Aoki, Campos, Souza, Avila, Duleba, Martins, Rita & Albuquerque 2017 Franca, Franca, Roedder & Sole 2022 Jansen 2008 Nogueira, Argolo, Arzamendia, Azevedo, Barbo, Bernils, Bolochio, Borges-Martins, Brasil-Godinho, Braz, Buononato, Cisneros-Heredia & Colli 2019 Scrocchi & Cruz 1993   Xenodon merremii Toad-eating Mock Lancehead Almeida, Machado & Costa 2010 Amaral 1949 Araujo & Almeida-Santos 2011 Araujo, Ribeiro, Andrade, Pereira, Guzzi & Avila 2020 Argolo 2004 Arzabe, Skuk, Santana, Delfim, Lima & Abrantes 2005 Bernarde, Albuquerque, Barros & Turci 2012 Bernils, Batista & Bertelli 2001 Bertoluci, Canelas, Eisemberg, Palmuti & Montingelli 2009 Boettger 1905 Borges-Leite, Rodrigues & Borges-Nojosa 2014 Carvalho & Nogueira 1998 Carvalho, Silva, Ferreira, Souza & Santana 2018 Cicchi, Sena, Peccinini-Seale & Duarte 2007 Cintra, Silva & Silva 2009 Cordeiro & Hoge 1973 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Costa, Pantoja, Pontes & Feio 2010 Costa, Resende, Gonzalez, Cotta & Feio 2014 Cruz-Centeno, Sawaya & Marques 2008 Cruz-Forlani, Bernardo, Haddad & Zaher 2010 Duarte Rocha, Silva Telles, Vrcibradic & Nogueira-Costa 2018 Duleba & Ferreira 2014 Fernandes-Ferreira, Borges-Nojosa, Lima, Borges-Leite, Passos & Tavares 2010 Ferreira, Terra, Piatti, Delatorre, Strussmann, Beda, Kawashita-Ribeiro, Landgref-Filho, Aoki, Campos, Souza, Avila, Duleba, Martins, Rita & Albuquerque 2017 Fiorillo, Maciel & Martins 2021 Franca & Araujo 2006 Franca & Silva Braz 2013 Franca, Franca, Roedder & Sole 2022 Franca, Germano & Franca 2012 Freitas 2014 Freitas, Abegg, Ribeiro Dias & Figueiredo Moraes 2018 Freitas, Abegg, Silva Araujo, Almeida Coelho, Santos Azevedo, Frazao Chaves & Barbosa de Moura 2019 Freitas, Colli, Entiauspe-Neto, Trinchao, Araujo, Oliveira Lima, Franca, Gaiga & Dias 2016 Freitas, Verissimo & Uhlig 2012 Freitas, Vieira, Entiauspe-Neto, Oliveira-e-Sousa, Farias, Sousa & Moura 2017 Frota, Santos, Chaldikis & Guedes 2005 Guedes, Nogueira & Marques 2014 Gunther 1863 Hamdan & Lira-da-Silva 2012 Hoge, Russo, Santos & Furtado 1981 Kunz & Ghizoni 2009 Kunz, Ghizoni, Santos & Hartmann 2007 Lema 1994 Lima-Verde & Cascon 1990 Loebmann & Haddad 2010 Madella-Auricchio, Auricchio & Soares 2017 Marques, Mebert, Fonseca, Roedder, Sole & Tinoco 2016 Marques, Pereira, Barbo, Germano & Sawaya 2009 Marques, Roedder, Sole & Tinoco 2017 Menezes, Abegg, Silva, Franco & Feio 2018 Mesquita, Alves, Pedro, Laranjeiras, Caldas, Pedrosa, Rodrigues, Drummond, Cavalcanti, Wachlevski, Nogueira-Costa, Franca & Franca 2018 Mesquita, Passos, Borges-Nojosa & Cechin 2013 Miranda, Costa & Rocha 2012 Moura, Motta, Fernandes & Feio 2012 Moura-Leite & Bernarde 1999 Nogueira, Argolo, Arzamendia, Azevedo, Barbo, Bernils, Bolochio, Borges-Martins, Brasil-Godinho, Braz, Buononato, Cisneros-Heredia & Colli 2019 Oliveira Lima, Andrade, Lima da Silva & Reis Dias 2022 Oliveira Neves, Yves, Almeida Pereira, Alves, Bonfim Vasques, Teixeira Coelho & Santos Silva 2019 Oliveira, Araujo, Oliveira & Avila 2021 Oliveira, Gonzalez, Passos, Vrcibradic & Rocha 2020 Outeiral, Balestrin, Cappellari, Lema & Ferreira 2018 Pereira Ramalho, Fagundes Franca, Guerra, Marciano, Vale & Rodrigues Silva 2018 Pereira-Filho & Montingelli 2011 Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 Protazio, Protazio, Silva, Conceicao, Braga, Santos, Ribeiro, Almeida, Gama, Vieira & Silva 2021 Queiroga Cavalcanti, Borges Costa, Rinaldi Colli, Correa Costa, Rodrigues Franca, Oliveira-Mesquita, Silva Palmeira, Pelegrin, Bello Soares, Tucker & Garda 2014 Recoder, Junior, Camacho, Nunes, Mott, Valdujo, Ghellere, Nogueira & Rodrigues 2011 Ribeiro, Roberto, Sales, Avila & Almeida 2012 Roberto & Loebmann 2016 Rocha & Prudente 2010 Rocha & Rodrigues 2005 Rocha, Bergallo, Pombal, Geise, Sluys, Fernandes & Caramaschi 2004 Rodrigues, Gama, Filho & Franca 2015 Ruschi 1966 Salles & Silva-Soares 2010 Sampaio, Santos, Franca, Pedrosa, Sole & Franca 2018 Santos Dainesi, Abegg, Bernarde, Pena Correa, Caetano Machado, Oliveira Meneses & Sena Santos 2019 Santos, Avila & Kawashita-Ribeiro 2011 Sao-Pedro & Pires 2009 Sawaya, Marques & Martins 2008 Silva Rodrigues & Prudente 2011 Silva, Cintra, Silva, Costa, Amaral-Souza, Pacheco & Goncalves 2009 Silva, Oliveira, Morais, Kawashita-Ribeiro, Brito & Avila 2015 Silva, Rocha & Nogueira-Paranhos 2016 Silva, Silva, Sena & Nascimento 2006 Sousa, Gomides, Hudson, Ribeiro & Novelli 2012 Sousa, Nascimento, Gomides, Rios, Hudson & Novelli 2010 Souza Filho & Oliveira 2015 Souza Filho & Verrastro 2012 Souza, Uetanabaro, Landgref-Filho, Piatti & Prado 2010 Souza-Costa, Mira-Mendes, Ribeiro Dias, Brito Silva, Argolo & Sole 2020 Spengler Waltrick & Menta Giasson 2021 Strussmann, Almeida-Prado, Uetanabaro & Ferreira 2000 Tavares Mendonca, Silva Vieira & Nobrega Alves 2014 Tavares, Melo, Campos, Oda & Strussmann 2012 Trevine, Forlani, Haddad & Zaher 2014 Uetanabaro, Souza, Filho, Beda & Brandao 2007 Vanzolini, Ramos-Costa & Vitt 1980 Varela Rios, Novelli, Hudson, Cozendey, Lima & Sousa 2017 Vaz-Silva, Guimaraes-Guedes, Azevedo-Silva, Gontijo, Barbosa, Aloisio & Oliveira 2007 Vechio, Recoder, Rodrigues & Zaher 2013 Vechio, Teixeira Junior, Recoder, Rodrigues & Zaher 2016 Vitt & Vangilder 1984 Vitt 1983 Wagler 1824 Williams & Vanzolini 1980 Winck, Santos & Cechin 2007 Zaher, Barbo, Martinez, Nogueira, Rodrigues & Sawaya 2011 Zanella, Paula, Guaragni & Machado 2013 Zanella, Paula, Guaragni & Souza 2013   * Xenodon nattereri Banded Hognose Snake Argolo 2002 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Ferreira, Terra, Piatti, Delatorre, Strussmann, Beda, Kawashita-Ribeiro, Landgref-Filho, Aoki, Campos, Souza, Avila, Duleba, Martins, Rita & Albuquerque 2017 Fiorillo, Maciel & Martins 2021 Franca & Araujo 2006 Franca & Silva Braz 2013 Guedes, Nogueira & Marques 2014 Hamdan & Lira-da-Silva 2012 Lima Silveira, Ribeiro Costa & Salles 2004 Nogueira, Argolo, Arzamendia, Azevedo, Barbo, Bernils, Bolochio, Borges-Martins, Brasil-Godinho, Braz, Buononato, Cisneros-Heredia & Colli 2019 Oliveira-Araujo, Correa-Filho & Sawaya 2010 Sawaya, Marques & Martins 2008 Vechio, Recoder, Rodrigues & Zaher 2013 Vechio, Teixeira Junior, Recoder, Rodrigues & Zaher 2016 Zaher, Barbo, Martinez, Nogueira, Rodrigues & Sawaya 2011   Xenodon neuwiedii East Brazilian Mock Lancehead Abrahao-Morato 2005 Almeida-Gomes, Siqueira, Borges-Junior, Vrcibradic, Fusinatto & Rocha 2014 Almeida-Gomes, Siquiera, Borges-Junior, Vrcibradic, Fusinatto & Rocha 2014 Araujo, Condez, Bovo, Centeno & Luiz 2010 Argolo 1999 Barbo 2008 Barbo, Marques & Sawaya 2011 Bernils & Moura-Leite 2010 Bernils, Batista & Bertelli 2001 Boettger 1905 Castro & Teixeira 2007 Cicchi, Sena, Peccinini-Seale & Duarte 2007 Condez, Sawaya & Dixo 2009 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Cruz-Centeno, Sawaya & Marques 2008 Cruz-Forlani, Bernardo, Haddad & Zaher 2010 Cunha de Oliveira & Soares de Oliveira 2014 Duarte Rocha, Silva Telles, Vrcibradic & Nogueira-Costa 2018 Fiorillo, Silva, Menezes, Marques & Martins 2020 Franca, Franca, Roedder & Sole 2022 Gunther 1863 Gutsche, Kwet, Kucharzewski & Hallermann 2007 Hamdan & Lira-da-Silva 2012 Hartmann, Hartmann & Martins 2009 Hartmann, Hartmann & Martins 2011 Hoogmoed 1997 Kunz & Ghizoni 2009 Kunz, Ghizoni, Santos & Hartmann 2007 Lema 1994 Lutz & Mello 1922 Marques, Pereira, Barbo, Germano & Sawaya 2009 Marquez & Sazima 2004 Moura, Motta, Fernandes & Feio 2012 Nogueira, Argolo, Arzamendia, Azevedo, Barbo, Bernils, Bolochio, Borges-Martins, Brasil-Godinho, Braz, Buononato, Cisneros-Heredia & Colli 2019 Oliveira, Gonzalez, Passos, Vrcibradic & Rocha 2020 Oliveira, Santos, Lopes-Silva, Vasconcelos Barros, Risse-Quaioto, Militao, Fatorelli, Belmoch, Marcial de Castro & Rocha 2020 Ortiz, Freitas, Rodrigues, Abegg & Franco 2017 Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 Pontes, Figueiredo, Pontes & Rocha 2008 Rocha & Sluys 2006 Rocha, Bergallo, Pombal, Geise, Sluys, Fernandes & Caramaschi 2004 Salles & Silva-Soares 2010 Salles, Weber & Silva-Soares 2010 Sao-Pedro & Pires 2009 Silva Cozer, Pereira-Ribeiro, Meirelles Linause, Colombo Ferreguetti, Godoy Bergallo & Rocha 2020 Sousa, Gomides, Hudson, Ribeiro & Novelli 2012 Souza Filho & Oliveira 2015 Spengler Waltrick & Menta Giasson 2021 Tonini, Carao, Pinto, Gasparini, Leite & Costa 2010 Travassos 1944 Trevine, Forlani, Haddad & Zaher 2014 Vrcibradic, Rocha, Kiefer, Hatano, Fontes, Almeida-Gomes, Siqueira, Pontes, Borges-Junior, Gil, Klaion, Rubiao & Sluys 2011 Zaher, Barbo, Martinez, Nogueira, Rodrigues & Sawaya 2011   Xenodon pulcher Bolivian Hognose Snake Cabral, Piatti, Souza, Scrocchi & Ferreira 2015 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Nogueira, Argolo, Arzamendia, Azevedo, Barbo, Bernils, Bolochio, Borges-Martins, Brasil-Godinho, Braz, Buononato, Cisneros-Heredia & Colli 2019 Souza, Uetanabaro, Landgref-Filho, Piatti & Prado 2010 [as matogrossensis]   Xenodon rabdocephalus Common Mock Lancehead Amaral 1949 [as colubrinus] Andrade-Lima, Freitas, Dubeux, Sales Nunes, Roberto & Carvalho Kokubum 2020 Argolo 2004 Avila-Pires 2005 Avila-Pires, Vitt, Sartorius & Zani 2009 Bernarde & Abe 2006 Bernarde, Albuquerque, Barros & Turci 2012 Bernarde, Albuquerque, Miranda & Turci 2013 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Cunha, Nascimento & Avila-Pires 1985 Debien, Waldez & Menin 2019 Dias-Lima 2008 Ferreira, Terra, Piatti, Delatorre, Strussmann, Beda, Kawashita-Ribeiro, Landgref-Filho, Aoki, Campos, Souza, Avila, Duleba, Martins, Rita & Albuquerque 2017 Freitas 2014 Freitas, Abegg, Ribeiro Dias & Figueiredo Moraes 2018 Frota, Santos, Chaldikis & Guedes 2005 Hamdan & Lira-da-Silva 2012 Marques, Mebert, Fonseca, Roedder, Sole & Tinoco 2016 Marques, Roedder, Sole & Tinoco 2017 Martins & Oliveira 1999 Maschio, Santos-Costa & Prudente 2016 Moraes, Almeida, Fraga, Rojas, Pirani, Silva, Carvalho, Gordo & Werneck 2017 Nascimento Barbosa, Silva Amaral, Gusmao, Lira Lima, Melo Souza, Silva Aguiar, Maranhao dos Santos 2020 Nogueira, Argolo, Arzamendia, Azevedo, Barbo, Bernils, Bolochio, Borges-Martins, Brasil-Godinho, Braz, Buononato, Cisneros-Heredia & Colli 2019 Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 Pinheiro, Abe, Bitar, Albarelli & Santos-Costa 2015 Prudente, Maschio, Santos-Costa & Feitosa 2010 Prudente, Melo Sarmento, Camara Costa, Moreira Dourado, Meireles dos Santos, Ferreira Lima, Dias Lima & Galatti 2020 Rojas-Padilla, Menezes, Dias, Argolo, Sole & Orrico 2020 Santos-Costa, Maschio & Prudente 2015 Silva 1993 Silva, Menks, Prudente, Costa, Travassos & Galatti 2011 Silva, Silva, Sena & Nascimento 2006 Silva, Souza & Bernarde 2010 Silva-Soares, Ferreira, Salles & Rocha 2011   Xenodon severus Giant Mock Lancehead Amaral 1949 Avila-Pires 2005 Bernarde & Abe 2006 Bernarde, Albuquerque, Barros & Turci 2012 Bernarde, Machado & Turci 2011 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Cunha, Nascimento & Avila-Pires 1985 Ferrao, Filho & Silva 2012 Franca, Freitas, Ramalho & Bernarde 2017 Freitas, Mendes Venancio, Abegg, Santos Azevedo, Oliveira Pereira, Pinheiro Zanotti, Veloso, Schwarzbach, Oliveira e Sousa, Cruz-da-Silva, Goncalves de Amorim & Barbosa de Moura 2020 Frota, Santos, Chaldikis & Guedes 2005 Gascon & Pereira 1993 Maschio, Santos-Costa & Prudente 2016 Miranda, Venancio & Albuquerque 2014 Nascimento, Avila Pires & Cunha 1988 Nogueira, Argolo, Arzamendia, Azevedo, Barbo, Bernils, Bolochio, Borges-Martins, Brasil-Godinho, Braz, Buononato, Cisneros-Heredia & Colli 2019 Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 Pinheiro, Abe, Bitar, Albarelli & Santos-Costa 2015 Prudente, Maschio, Santos-Costa & Feitosa 2010 Prudente, Melo Sarmento, Camara Costa, Moreira Dourado, Meireles dos Santos, Ferreira Lima, Dias Lima & Galatti 2020 Silva 1993 Silva, Souza & Bernarde 2010 Genus Xenopholis (South American Flat-headed Snakes)   Xenopholis scalaris Northern Flat-headed Snake Amaral 1949 Argolo 2004 Avila-Pires 2005 Avila-Pires, Hoogmoed & Rocha 2010 Avila-Pires, Vitt, Sartorius & Zani 2009 Bernarde & Abe 2006 Bernarde & Abe 2010 Bernarde, Albuquerque, Barros & Turci 2012 Bernarde, Machado & Turci 2011 Condez, Sawaya & Dixo 2009 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Cunha, Nascimento & Avila-Pires 1985 Ferrao, Filho & Silva 2012 Ferreira, Sturaro & Peloso 2017 Franca, Morais, Freitas, Moura & Franca 2019 Freitas, Abegg, Ribeiro Dias & Figueiredo Moraes 2018 Freitas, Mendes Venancio, Abegg, Santos Azevedo, Oliveira Pereira, Pinheiro Zanotti, Veloso, Schwarzbach, Oliveira e Sousa, Cruz-da-Silva, Goncalves de Amorim & Barbosa de Moura 2020 Frota, Santos, Chaldikis & Guedes 2005 Gascon & Pereira 1993 Hamdan & Lira-da-Silva 2012 Hamdan, Machado & Citeli 2015 Martins & Oliveira 1999 Maschio, Santos-Costa & Prudente 2016 Mendes-Pinto & Souza 2011 Nogueira, Argolo, Arzamendia, Azevedo, Barbo, Bernils, Bolochio, Borges-Martins, Brasil-Godinho, Braz, Buononato, Cisneros-Heredia & Colli 2019 Oliveira, Gonzalez, Passos, Vrcibradic & Rocha 2020 Prudente, Maschio, Santos-Costa & Feitosa 2010 Prudente, Melo Sarmento, Camara Costa, Moreira Dourado, Meireles dos Santos, Ferreira Lima, Dias Lima & Galatti 2020 Ribeiro-Junior, Rossi, Miranda & Avila-Pires 2011 Roberto, Oliveira, Araujo-Filho, Oliveira & Avila 2017 Rodrigues-Franca & Mendes Venancio 2010 Rojas-Padilla, Menezes, Dias, Argolo, Sole & Orrico 2020 Santos-Costa, Maschio & Prudente 2015 Silva 1993 Silva, Souza & Bernarde 2010 Waldez, Menin & Vogt 2013 Zaher, Barbo, Martinez, Nogueira, Rodrigues & Sawaya 2011   Xenopholis undulatus Southern Flat-headed Snake Borges-Nojosa & Cassiano Lima 2009 Campos Nogueira 2001 Cardozo Ribeiro, Valenca & Camargo 2011 Carvalho & Nogueira 1998 [as "cf. undulatus"] Castro, Mangia, Medeiros Magalhaes, Roehr, Camurugi, Silveira Filho, Silva, Andrade-Oliveira, Sousa, Rodrigues Franca, Harris, Garda & Borges-Nojosa 2019 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Costa, Resende, Gonzalez, Cotta & Feio 2014 Cunha, Nascimento & Avila-Pires 1985 Franca & Araujo 2006 Franca & Silva Braz 2013 Guedes, Nogueira & Marques 2014 Loebmann & Haddad 2010 Loebmann 2009 Nogueira, Argolo, Arzamendia, Azevedo, Barbo, Bernils, Bolochio, Borges-Martins, Brasil-Godinho, Braz, Buononato, Cisneros-Heredia & Colli 2019 Oliveira Neves, Yves, Almeida Pereira, Alves, Bonfim Vasques, Teixeira Coelho & Santos Silva 2019 Pereira-Filho & Montingelli 2011 Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 Roberto & Loebmann 2016 Strussmann & Sazima 1993 [as "cf. undulatus"] Tiburcio, Lisboa & Araujo-Vieira 2016 Vaz-Silva, Guimaraes-Guedes, Azevedo-Silva, Gontijo, Barbosa, Aloisio & Oliveira 2007 Zaher, Barbo, Martinez, Nogueira, Rodrigues & Sawaya 2011   Xenopholis werdingorum Bolivian Flat-headed Snake Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Ferreira, Terra, Piatti, Delatorre, Strussmann, Beda, Kawashita-Ribeiro, Landgref-Filho, Aoki, Campos, Souza, Avila, Duleba, Martins, Rita & Albuquerque 2017 Nogueira, Argolo, Arzamendia, Azevedo, Barbo, Bernils, Bolochio, Borges-Martins, Brasil-Godinho, Braz, Buononato, Cisneros-Heredia & Colli 2019 Powell, Eversole, Crocker, Lizarro & Bravo 2016 Strussmann (www.pousalegre.com.br/fauna_rept_e.htm, viewed 18 May 2016) Genus Xenoxybelis (South American Vine Snakes)   Xenoxybelis argenteus Green-striped Vine Snake Amaral 1949 Avila & Kawashita-Ribeiro 2011 Avila-Pires 2005 Avila-Pires, Hoogmoed & Rocha 2010 Avila-Pires, Vitt, Sartorius & Zani 2009 Bernarde & Abe 2006 Bernarde & Abe 2010 Bernarde, Albuquerque, Barros & Turci 2012 Bernarde, Albuquerque, Miranda & Turci 2013 Bernarde, Machado & Turci 2011 Bernardo, Guerra-Fuentes, Matiazzi & Zaher 2012 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Costa-Campos, Ribeiro Sanches, Pedroso-Santos, Figueiredo, Tavares-Pinheiro & Almeida-Santos 2021 Dias-Lima 2008 Franca, Franca, Roedder & Sole 2022 Frota, Santos, Chaldikis & Guedes 2005 Martins & Oliveira 1999 Muller 1976 Nascimento, Avila Pires & Cunha 1988 Nogueira, Argolo, Arzamendia, Azevedo, Barbo, Bernils, Bolochio, Borges-Martins, Brasil-Godinho, Braz, Buononato, Cisneros-Heredia & Colli 2019 Pantoja & Fraga 2012 Prudente, Melo Sarmento, Camara Costa, Moreira Dourado, Meireles dos Santos, Ferreira Lima, Dias Lima & Galatti 2020 Prudente, Silva, Rocha & Franco 2008 Rodrigues, Maschio & Prudente 2016 Rodrigues-Franca & Mendes Venancio 2010 Santos-Costa, Maschio & Prudente 2015 Silva 1993 Silva, Menks, Prudente, Costa, Travassos & Galatti 2011 Silva, Souza & Bernarde 2010 Waldez, Menin & Vogt 2013 Yuki, Galatti & Rocha 1999   Xenoxybelis boulengeri Amazonian Vine Snake Avila-Pires, Vitt, Sartorius & Zani 2009 Bernarde, Albuquerque, Barros & Turci 2012 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Keiser 1989 Maschio, Santos-Costa & Prudente 2016 Nogueira, Argolo, Arzamendia, Azevedo, Barbo, Bernils, Bolochio, Borges-Martins, Brasil-Godinho, Braz, Buononato, Cisneros-Heredia & Colli 2019 [as Philodryas georgeboulengeri] Prudente, Maschio, Santos-Costa & Feitosa 2010 Prudente, Silva, Rocha & Franco 2008 Genus Zonateres (Pantanal Mock Viper)   Zonateres lanei Pantanal Mock Viper Avila-Pires, Hoogmoed & Rocha 2010 Bailey, Thomas & Silva 2005 Bernarde, Albuquerque, Barros & Turci 2012 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Ferreira, Terra, Piatti, Delatorre, Strussmann, Beda, Kawashita-Ribeiro, Landgref-Filho, Aoki, Campos, Souza, Avila, Duleba, Martins, Rita & Albuquerque 2017 Franca, Franca, Roedder & Sole 2022 Franco, Trevine, Montingelli & Zaher 2017 Nogueira, Argolo, Arzamendia, Azevedo, Barbo, Bernils, Bolochio, Borges-Martins, Brasil-Godinho, Braz, Buononato, Cisneros-Heredia & Colli 2019 Prudente, Melo Sarmento, Camara Costa, Moreira Dourado, Meireles dos Santos, Ferreira Lima, Dias Lima & Galatti 2020 Rodrigues, Maschio & Prudente 2016 Trevine, Caicedo-Portilla, Hoogmoed, Thomas, Franco, Montingelli, Osorno-Munoz & Zaher 2021