Citation: Midtgaard, Rune. RepFocus - A Survey of the Reptiles of the World. (www.repfocus.dk).
Latest update:
November 14th, 2024.
 
|
Genus
Chironius
 |
Sipos, Neotropical Whip Snakes, Southern Whip Snakes
|
 |
Sipos
|
 |
Sipoer
|
|
1826 |  |
Chironius Fitzinger (type species: Coluber carinatus Linnaeus 1758) |
|
1826 | |
Erpetodryas Boie (type species: not designated; syn, Dixon, Wiest & Cei 1993) |
|
| |
Herpetodryas Wagler 1830 [emendation of Erpetodryas Boie 1826] |
|
1830 | |
Macrops Wagler (type species: Coluber saturninus Linnaeus 1758; syn. Dixon, Wiest & Cei 1993) |
|
1843 | |
Hylophis Fitzinger (type species: Coluber laevicollis Wied 1824; syn. Dixon, Wiest & Cei 1993) |
|
1862 | |
Phyllosira Cope (type species: Phyllosira flavescens Cope 1862; syn. Dixon, Wiest & Cei 1993) |
Contents:
27 species, of which 9 (33.3%) are endemic.
Endemism: 0%  100%
Distribution:
Central America, South America.
Reported from:
Argentina,
Bolivia,
Brazil
(Acre,
Alagoas,
Amapa,
Amazonas,
Bahia,
Ceara,
Distrito Federal,
Espirito Santo,
Goias,
Maranhao,
Mato Grosso,
Mato Grosso do Sul,
Minas Gerais,
Para
[incl.
Marajo Island],
Paraiba,
Parana,
Pernambuco,
Piaui,
Rio de Janeiro,
Rio Grande do Norte,
Rio Grande do Sul,
Rondonia,
Roraima,
Santa Catarina,
Sao Paulo
[incl.
Sao Sebastiao],
Sergipe,
Tocantins),
Colombia
(incl.
Gorgona Island),
Costa Rica,
Ecuador,
French Guiana,
Guyana,
Honduras,
Nicaragua,
Panama,
Paraguay,
Peru,
Saint Vincent & the Grenadines
(incl.
Saint Vincent),
Surinam,
Trinidad & Tobago
(Trinidad),
Uruguay,
Venezuela.
| |
|
Chironius barrioi
|
Bolivian Sipo
|
|
Bolivianische Sipo
|
|
Boliviansk Sipo
|
|
1969 | |
Chironius barrioi Donoso-Barros |
Remarks:
Regarded as a synonym of scurrulus by some authors (e.g., Dixon, Wiest & Cei 1993; Wallach, Williams & Boundy 2014), but as a valid species by Pincheira-Donoso (2002).
Distribution:
Bolivia.
|
|
|
Chironius bicarinatus
|
Eastern Sipo, Two-keeled Whip Snake
|
|
Östliche Sipo
|
|
Østlig Sipo
|
|
1820 | |
Coluber bicarinatus Wied |
|
| |
Natrix bicarinata Merrem 1820 |
|
| |
Erpetodryas bicarinatus Boie 1826 |
|
| |
Herpetodryas bicarinatus Wagler 1830 |
|
| |
Herpetodryas carinatus bicarinatus Boettger 1898 |
|
| |
Chironius bicarinatus Bailey 1955 |
Remarks:
Previously included the populations now assigned to gouveai.
Currently regarded as restricted to Brazil.
Following Entiauspe-Neto, Lyra, Koch, Quintela, Abegg & Loebmann (2020) and Nogueira & al. (2019), records from Bolivia as well as Distrito Federal, Maranhao, and Para (Brazil)
are regarded as doubtful.
Introduced to:
Uruguay.
Distribution:
Brazil
(Alagoas,
Bahia,
Ceara,
Espirito Santo,
Goias,
Minas Gerais,
Mato Grosso do Sul,
Paraiba,
Parana,
Rio de Janeiro,
Rio Grande do Sul,
Santa Catarina,
Sao Paulo
[incl.
Sao Sebastiao],
Sergipe).
|
|
|
Chironius brazili
|
Southeast Brazilian Sipo
|
|
Südostbrasilianische Sipo
|
|
Sydøstbrasiliansk Sipo
|
|
2015 | |
Chironius brazili Hamdan & Fernandes |
Distribution:
Brazil
(Distrito Federal,
Goias,
Minas Gerais,
Parana,
Rio Grande do Sul,
Sao Paulo).
|
|
|
Chironius carinatus
|
Yellow-lipped Sipo, Yellow-lipped Tree Snake, Machete Savane, (Golden Tree Snake)
|
|
Gelblippen-Sipo
|
|
Gullæbet Sipo
|
|
1758 | |
Coluber carinatus Linnaeus |
|
| |
Natrix carinata Merrem 1820 |
|
| |
Chironius carinatus Fitzinger 1826 |
|
| |
Erpetodryas carinatus Boie 1826 |
|
| |
Herpetodryas carinatus Wagler 1830 |
|
1798 | |
Coluber chironius Donndorff (Dixon, Wiest & Cei 1993) |
|
1845 | |
Coluber pickeringii Hallowell (Dixon, Wiest & Cei 1993) |
Remarks:
Previously included flavopictus and spixii, as well as the population now assigned to nigelnoriegai.
Records from Trinidad refer to nigelnoriegai (Jadin, Jowers, Blair, Ludwig, Salgado-Irazabal & Murphy 2024).
Distribution:
Bolivia,
Brazil
(Acre,
Alagoas,
Amapa,
Amazonas,
Bahia,
Ceara,
Maranhao,
Para
[incl.
Marajo Island],
Paraiba,
Pernambuco,
Piaui,
Rondonia,
Roraima,
Sergipe,
Tocantins),
Colombia,
French Guiana,
Guyana,
Peru,
Surinam,
Trinidad & Tobago
(Trinidad),
Venezuela.
|
|
|
Chironius challenger
|
Maringma Tepui Sipo
|
|
Maringma-Sipo
|
|
Maringma-sipo
|
|
2010 | |
Chironius challenger Kok |
Distribution:
Guyana,
Venezuela.
|
|
|
Chironius diamantina
|
Chapada Diamantina Sipo
|
|
Chapada-Diamantina-Sipo
|
|
Chapada Diamantina-sipo
|
|
2014 | |
Chironius diamantina Fernandes & Hamdan |
Distribution:
Brazil
(Bahia).
|
|
|
Chironius dixoni
|
Beni Sipo
|
|
Beni-Sipo
|
|
Beni-sipo
|
|
1978 | |
Chironius dixoni Wiest |
|
1993 | |
Chironius laurenti Dixon, Wiest & Cei (syn. Entiauspe-Neto & Loebmann 2019) |
Remarks:
Previously referred to as laurenti (e.g., Dixon, Wiest & Cei 1993).
Entiauspe-Neto & Loebmann (2019) demonstrated that the valid name for this species is dixoni.
Distribution:
Bolivia,
Brazil
(Acre,
Mato Grosso,
Mato Grosso do Sul).
|
|
|
Chironius dracomaris
|
Baturité Sipo
|
|
Baturité-Sipo
|
|
Baturité-sipo
|
|
2024 | |
Chironius dracomaris Sudré, Andrade-Junior, Folly, Azevedo, Avila, Curcio, Nunes & Passos |
Distribution:
Brazil
(Ceara).
|
|
|
Chironius exoletus
|
Green Sipo, Common Southern Sipo, Common Sipo
|
|
Grüne Sipo, Gewöhnliche Sipo
|
|
Grøn Sipo, Almindelig Sipo
|
|
1758 | |
Coluber exoletus Linnaeus |
|
| |
Natrix exoleta Laurenti 1768 |
|
| |
Tyria exoleta Fitzinger 1826 |
|
| |
Erpetodryas exoletus Boie 1826 |
|
| |
Herpetodryas exoletus Wagler 1830 |
|
| |
Chironius exoletus Hoge, Romano & Cordeiro 1978 |
|
1824 | |
Coluber pyrrhopogon Wied (Dixon, Wiest & Cei 1993; Sudré, Curcio, Nunes, Pellegrino & Rodrigues 2017) |
|
| |
Chironius pyrrhopogon Bailey 1955 |
|
1896 | |
Zaocys tornieri Werner 1896 (Dixon, Wiest & Cei 1993) |
|
| |
Ptyas tornieri Welch 1988 |
Remarks:
Overlooked in much older literature (e.g., Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970). Revalidated by Hoge, Romano & Cordeiro (1978).
Distribution:
Argentina,
Bolivia,
Brazil
(Acre,
Amapa,
Amazonas,
Bahia,
Ceara,
Distrito Federal,
Espirito Santo,
Goias,
Maranhao,
Mato Grosso,
Mato Grosso do Sul,
Minas Gerais,
Para
[incl.
Marajo Island],
Paraiba,
Parana,
Pernambuco,
Piaui,
Rio de Janeiro,
Rio Grande do Sul,
Rondonia,
Roraima,
Santa Catarina,
Sao Paulo,
Sergipe,
Tocantins),
Colombia,
Costa Rica,
Ecuador,
French Guiana,
Guyana,
Panama,
Peru,
Surinam,
Venezuela.
|
Chironius exoletus
© Henrik Bringsøe
|
|
Chironius flavolineatus
|
Yellow-striped Sipo, Brown-striped Whip Snake
|
|
Gelbstreifen-Sipo
|
|
Gulstribet Sipo
|
|
1863 | |
Herpetodryas carinatus flavolineatus Jan |
|
| |
Herpetodryas flavolineatus Boettger 1885 |
|
| |
Chironius flavolineatus Bailey 1955 |
Remarks:
Hamdan, Scali & Fernandes (2014) redefined flavolineatus, designated a lectotype, and confirmed Jan (1863) as the correct authorship.
A record from Peru (Lehr 2002) is regarded as erroneous (Hamdan & Fernandes 2015).
Previously included the populations now assigned to brazili.
Not mentioned for French Guiana by Kuijpers (2024).
Distribution:
Bolivia,
Brazil
(Alagoas,
Amapa,
Amazonas,
Bahia,
Ceara,
Distrito Federal,
Goias,
Maranhao,
Mato Grosso,
Mato Grosso do Sul,
Minas Gerais,
Para
[incl.
Marajo Island],
Paraiba,
Parana,
Pernambuco,
Piaui,
Rio Grande do Norte,
Rondonia,
Sao Paulo,
Sergipe,
Tocantins),
French Guiana,
Paraguay.
|
|
|
Chironius flavopictus
|
Yellow-spotted Sipo, Star Snake
|
|
Gelbfleckige Sipo
|
|
Gulplettet Sipo
|
|
1909 | |
Herpetodryas carinatus flavopicta Werner |
|
| |
Chironius flavopictus Peters 1960 |
Remarks:
Previously regarded as a subspecies of carinatus.
Revalidated as a separate species by Hollis (2006).
Distribution:
Colombia,
Costa Rica,
Ecuador,
Panama.
|
|
|
Chironius foveatus
|
Bahia Sipo, Coastal Sipo
|
|
Bahia-Sipo
|
|
Bahia-sipo
|
|
1955 | |
Chironius foveatus Bailey |
|
| |
Chironius multiventris foveatus Dixon, Wiest & Cei 1993 |
Remarks:
Revalidated as a separate species by Hollis (2006).
Distribution:
Brazil
(Bahia,
Espirito Santo,
Minas Gerais,
Parana,
Rio De Janeiro,
Rio Grande do Sul,
Santa Catarina,
Sao Paulo
[incl.
Sao Sebastiao]).
|
|
|
Chironius fuscus
|
Brown Sipo, Olive Whip Snake, Red-fronted Tree Snake, Green Tree Snake
|
|
Braune Sipo
|
|
Brun Sipo
|
|
1758 | |
Coluber fuscus Linnaeus |
|
| |
Herpetodryas fuscus Duméril, Bibron & Duméril 1854 |
|
| |
Chironius fuscus Amaral 1929 |
|
1758 | |
Coluber saturninus Linnaeus (Dixon, Wiest & Cei 1993) |
|
| |
Macrops saturninus Wagler 1830 |
|
| |
Herpetodryas saturninus Filippi 1840 |
|
1860 | |
Herpetodryas sebastus Cope (Dixon, Wiest & Cei 1993) |
Remarks:
Auth (1994) eroneously reported fuscus from Panama.
Distribution:
Bolivia,
Brazil
(Acre,
Amapa,
Amazonas,
Bahia,
Espirito Santo,
Maranhao,
Mato Grosso,
Mato Grosso do Sul,
Minas Gerais,
Para
[incl.
Marajo Island],
Parana,
Rio de Janeiro,
Rondonia,
Roraima,
Santa Catarina,
Sao Paulo),
Colombia,
Ecuador,
French Guiana,
Guyana,
Peru,
Surinam,
Venezuela.
|
Chironius fuscus
© Henrik Bringsøe
|
|
Chironius gouveai
|
Uruguayan Sipo, (Gouvea's Sipo)
|
|
Uruguayische Sipo
|
|
Uruguayisk Sipo
|
|
2020 | |
Chironius gouveai Entiauspe-Neto, Lyra, Koch, Quintela, Abegg & Loebmann |
Remarks:
Previously regarded as a population of bicarinatus.
Records of bicarinatus from Argentina and Paraguay are tentatively referred to gouveai, since they are geographically much closer to records of the latter species than the former.
A record from Montevideo, Uruguay, is presumed to represent an introduced bicarinatus (Entiauspe-Neto, Lyra, Koch, Quintela, Abegg & Loebmann 2020).
Distribution:
Argentina,
Brazil
(Parana,
Rio Grande do Sul,
Santa Catarina),
Paraguay.
Uruguay.
|
|
|
Chironius grandisquamis
|
Large-scaled Sipo, Ebony Keelback, Ecuadorian Sipo
|
|
Grossschuppige Sipo
|
|
Storskællet Sipo
|
|
1868 | |
Spilotes grandisquamis Peters |
|
| |
Herpetodryas grandisquamis Cope 1875 |
|
| |
Chironius fuscus grandisquamis Wettstein 1934 |
|
| |
Chironius grandisquamis Taylor 1951 |
|
1886 | |
Herpetodryas melas Cope (Dixon, Wiest & Cei 1993) |
|
| |
Chironius melas Prado 1940 |
|
1899 | |
Herpetodryas schlüteri Werner (Dixon, Wiest & Cei 1993) |
|
| |
Chironius schlüteri Peters 1960 |
|
| |
Chironius schlueteri Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 |
|
1915 | |
Herpetodryas vicinus Boulenger (Dixon, Wiest & Cei 1993) |
Remarks:
Pérez-Santos & Moreno (1988) regarded melas and schlueteri as separate species. Also Almendáriz (1992) regarded schlueteri as a separate species.
Distribution:
Bolivia,
Colombia
(incl.
Gorgona Island),
Costa Rica,
Ecuador,
Honduras,
Nicaragua,
Panama.
|
|
|
Chironius laevicollis
|
Smooth-necked Sipo, (Brown Whip Snake, Brazilian Sipo)
|
|
Glattnacken-Sipo
|
|
Glathalset Sipo
|
|
1824 | |
Coluber laevicollis Wied |
|
| |
Erpetodryas laevicolis Boie 1826 |
|
| |
Herpetodryas laevicollis Wagler 1830 |
|
| |
Hylophis laevicollis Fitzinger 1843 |
|
| |
Chironius laevicollis Bailey 1955 |
Remarks:
Known from a single specimen from Paraguay which may have wrong locality data.
Presence in the country needs confirmation (Dixon, Wiest & Cei 1993; Cacciali, Scott, Aquino-Ortiz, Fitzgerald & Smith 2016).
Distribution:
Brazil
(Bahia,
Espirito Santo,
Minas Gerais,
Parana,
Rio de Janeiro,
Rio Grande do Sul,
Santa Catarina,
Sao Paulo
[incl.
Sao Sebastiao]),
Peru.
|
|
|
Chironius leucometapus
|
White-fronted Sipo, (Peruvian Whip Snake)
|
|
Weissstirn-Sipo
|
|
Hvidpandet Sipo
|
|
1993 | |
Chironius fuscus leucometapus Dixon, Wiest & Cei |
|
| |
Chironius leucometapus Hollis 2006 |
Distribution:
Ecuador,
Peru.
|
|
|
Chironius maculoventris
|
Spot-bellied Sipo, Chaco Sipo
|
|
Bauchfleckige Sipo
|
|
Bugplettet Sipo
|
|
1978 | |
Chironius quadricarinatus maculoventris Wiest |
|
| |
Chironius maculoventris Hollis 2006 |
Distribution:
Argentina,
Bolivia,
Brazil
(Rio Grande do Sul),
Paraguay.
|
|
|
Chironius monticola
|
Mountain Sipo, Andean Sipo
|
|
Gebirgs-Sipo
|
|
Bjerg-sipo
|
|
1952 | |
Chironius monticola Roze |
Remarks:
Presence in Surinam is based on a single specimen without exact locality data reported by Dixon, Wiest & Cei (1993).
Not mentioned for Surinam by Kuijpers (2024).
Presence in the country needs confirmation, considering the distance between Surinam and the remaining, verified range of the species.
Distribution:
Bolivia,
Colombia,
Ecuador,
Peru,
Surinam,
Venezuela.
|
|
|
Chironius multiventris
|
Peruvian Sipo, Long-tailed Sipo, (South American Sipo)
|
|
Peruvianische Sipo
|
|
Peruviansk Sipo
|
|
1943 | |
Chironius multiventris Schmidt & Walker |
|
1969 | |
Chironius cochranae Hoge & Romano (Klaczko, Machado, Scrocchi & Zaher 2010) |
|
| |
Chironius multiventris cochranae Abuys 1982 |
Remarks:
Hollis (2006) revalidated cochranae as a separate species, followed by Kok (2010), however, Klaczko, Machado, Scrocchi & Zaher (2010) synonymized it with multiventris.
Not listed for Rio de Janeiro by Oliveira, Gonzalez, Passos, Vrcibradic & Rocha (2020).
Distribution:
Bolivia,
Brazil
(Acre,
Amapa,
Amazonas,
Maranhao,
Mato Grosso,
Para
[incl.
Marajo Island],
Rondonia,
Roraima),
Colombia,
Ecuador,
French Guiana,
Guyana,
Peru,
Surinam,
Venezuela.
|
|
|
Chironius nigelnoriegai
|
Trinidadian Sipo
|
|
Trinidad-Sipo
|
|
Trinidad-sipo
|
|
2024 | |
Chironius nigelnoriegai Jadin, Jowers, Blair, Ludwig, Salgado-Irazabal & Murphy |
Remarks:
Previously regarded as the Trinidad population of carinatus (Jadin, Jowers, Blair, Ludwig, Salgado-Irazabal & Murphy 2024).
Distribution:
Trinidad & Tobago
(Trinidad).
|
|
|
Chironius quadricarinatus
|
Paraguayan Sipo, Central Sipo
|
|
Paraguayische Sipo
|
|
Paraguayisk Sipo
|
|
1827 | |
Erpetodryas 4-dricarinatus Boie |
|
| |
Herpetodryas quadricarinatus Wagler 1830 |
|
| |
Chironius quadricarinatus Bailey 1955 |
|
1862 | |
Phyllosira flavescens Cope (Bailey 1955; Dixon, Wiest & Cei 1993) |
Distribution:
Bolivia,
Brazil
(Bahia,
Distrito Federal,
Espirito Santo,
Goias,
Mato Grosso,
Mato Grosso do Sul,
Minas Gerais,
Parana,
Rio de Janeiro,
Sao Paulo,
Tocantins),
Paraguay.
|
|
|
Chironius scurrulus
|
Rusty Sipo, Rusty Whip Snake, Green-headed Tree Snake
|
|
Rost-Sipo
|
|
Rust-sipo
|
|
1824 | |
Natrix scurrula Wagler |
|
| |
Coluber scurrula Wagler 1830 |
|
| |
Herpetodryas carinatus scurrula Jan 1863 |
|
| |
Chironius scurrulus Hoge & Maranhao Nina 1960-62 |
|
1854 | |
Dendrophis viridis Duméril, Bibron & Duméril (Dixon, Wiest & Cei 1993) |
|
1876 | |
Herpetodryas holochlorus Cope (Dixon, Wiest & Cei 1993) |
|
| |
Chironius holochlorus Donoso-Barros 1969 |
|
| |
Herpetodryas holochloris Malnate 1971 |
Remarks:
Previously included barrioi.
Distribution:
Bolivia,
Brazil
(Acre,
Amapa,
Amazonas,
Maranhao,
Mato Grosso,
Para,
Rondonia,
Tocantins),
Colombia,
Ecuador,
French Guiana,
Guyana,
Peru,
Surinam,
Trinidad & Tobago
(Trinidad),
Venezuela.
|
|
|
Chironius septentrionalis
|
Northern Sipo, Forest Sipo
|
|
Nördliche Sipo
|
|
Nordlig Sipo
|
|
1978 | |
Chironius multiventris septentrionalis Wiest |
|
| |
Chironius septentrionalis Hollis 2006 |
Remarks:
Not listed for Brazil by Nogueira & al. (2019).
Distribution:
Brazil
(Roraima),
Trinidad & Tobago
(Trinidad),
Venezuela.
|
|
|
Chironius spixii
|
Venezuelan Sipo
|
|
Venezuelanische Sipo
|
|
Venezuelansk Sipo
|
|
1845 | |
Coluber Spixii Hallowell |
|
| |
Chironius spixii Donoso-Barros 1969 |
|
| |
Chironius carinatus spixii Dixon, Wiest & Cei 1993 |
Remarks:
Previously regarded as a synonym of carinatus (e.g., Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970). Revalidated as a separate species by Hollis (2006), but already treated as such by Freiberg (1982).
Distribution:
Colombia,
Venezuela.
|
|
|
Chironius vincenti
|
Saint Vincent Sipo, Saint Vincent Racer
|
|
Saint-Vincent-Sipo
|
|
Saint Vincent-sipo
|
|
1891 | |
Herpetodryas carinatus var. vincenti Boulenger |
|
| |
Herpetodryas vincenti Barbour 1914 |
|
| |
Chironius vincenti Schwartz & Thomas 1975 |
Distribution:
Saint Vincent & the Grenadines
(Saint Vincent).
|
|
|
Chironius whipala
|
Whipala Sipo
|
|
Whipala-Sipo
|
|
Whipala-sipo
|
|
2024 | |
Chironius whipala Quinteros-Muñoz, Gómez-Murillo, Camacho-Badani, Aguayo, Carpio-Real, Pérez, Marca, Gonzales & Torres-Carvajal |
Distribution:
Bolivia.
|
|
|