Citation: Midtgaard, Rune. RepFocus - A Survey of the Reptiles of the World. (www.repfocus.dk).
Latest update:
July 9th, 2024.
 
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Genus
Natrix
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Eurasian Keelbacks, Eurasian Water Snakes, Common Water Snakes, True Keelbacks, Eurasian Grass Snakes
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Eurasische oder Europäische Kielrücken-, Wasser- oder Schwimmnattern
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Eurasiske Vandsnoge
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1764 |  |
Serpens Garsault (type species: Coluber helveticus Bonnaterre 1790; Dubois & Bour 2010, by subsequent designation) |
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1768 | |
Natrix Laurenti (type species: Natrix vulgaris Laurenti 1768) |
|
1799 | |
Hydrus Schneider (type species: Coluber hydrus Pallas 1776 = Coronella tessellata Laurenti 1768; by subsequent designation (ICZN Opinion 18#)]) |
|
1827 | |
Tropidonotus Kuhl in Boie (type species: Coluber natrix Linnaeus 1758) |
|
1848 | |
Elaphrodytes Gistel [substitute name for Hydrus Schneider 1799; erroneously believed preoccupied by Hydra Linnaeus 1758 (Hydrozoa)] |
|
1863 | |
Tropidophorus Jan [not Tropidophorus Dumeril & Bibron 1839 (Scincidae)] (type species: Coronella tessellata Laurenti 1768) |
Contents:
5 species, none of which are endemic.
Endemism: 0%  100%
Remarks:
For decades this genus was a catch-all genus containing a large number of species of which the majority is now placed in other genera (i.e.,
Afronatrix,
Amphiesma,
Amphiesmoides,
Ceratophallus,
Clonophis,
Fowlea,
Hebius,
Herpetoreas,
Nerodia,
Regina,
Rhabdophis,
Thermophis,
Trimerodytes
(formerly Sinonatrix),
Tropidonophis, and
Xenochrophis).
Distribution:
N. Africa, Europe, N. Middle East, SW. and N. Asia.
Reported from:
Afghanistan,
Albania,
Algeria,
Armenia,
Austria,
Azerbaijan,
Belarus,
Belgium,
Bosnia-Herzegovina,
Bulgaria,
China
(Xinjiang),
Croatia,
Cyprus,
Czech Republic,
Denmark,
Egypt
(incl.
Sinai),
Estonia,
Finland,
France
(incl.
Corsica),
Georgia,
Germany,
Gibraltar,
Greece
(incl.
Aegean Islands
[incl.
Cyclades Islands,
Dodecanese Islands
(incl.
Rhodes)],
Crete),
Hungary,
Iran,
Iraq,
Israel,
Italy
(incl.
Elba,
Sardinia,
Sicily),
Jordan,
Kazakhstan,
Latvia,
Lebanon,
Libya,
Liechtenstein,
Lithuania,
Luxembourg,
Moldova,
Mongolia,
Montenegro,
Morocco,
Netherlands,
North Macedonia,
Norway,
Pakistan,
Poland,
Portugal,
Romania,
Russia,
San Marino,
Serbia,
Slovakia,
Slovenia,
Spain,
Sweden,
Switzerland,
Syria,
Tajikistan,
Tunisia,
Turkey
(incl.
European Turkey),
Turkmenistan,
Ukraine
(incl.
Crimea),
United Kingdom
(Channel Islands,
England,
Scotland,
Wales),
Uzbekistan.
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Natrix astreptophora
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Iberian Grass Snake
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Iberische Ringelnatter
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Iberisk Vandsnog
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1884 | |
Tropidonotus natrix var. astreptophorus Seoane |
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| |
Natrix natrix astreptophora Lankes 1911 |
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Natrix astreptophora Pokrant, Kindler, Ivanov, Cheylan, Geniez, Böhme & Fritz 2016 |
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1930 | |
Tropidonotus natrix algericus Hecht (syn. Fritz & Schmidtler 2020) |
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| |
Natrix astreptophora algerica Fritz & Schmidtler 2020 |
Remarks:
Previously regarded as a subspecies of natrix (e.g., Mertens & Wermuth 1960).
Distribution:
Algeria,
France,
Gibraltar,
Morocco,
Portugal,
Spain,
Tunisia.
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Natrix astreptophora
© Henrik Bringsøe
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Natrix helvetica
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Barred Grass Snake
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Barren-Ringelnatter
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Vesteuropæisk Vandsnog
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1789 | |
Coluber helveticus Lacepede (ICZN 1992: Opinion 1686) |
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Natrix natrix helvetica Mertens 1934 |
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Natrix helvetica Kindler, Chevré, Ursenbacher, Böhme, Hille, Jablonski, Vamberger & Fritz 2017 |
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1820 | |
Natrix hybridus Merrem (syn. Mertens & Wermuth 1960) |
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1829 | |
Coluber siculus Cuvier |
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| |
Natrix natrix sicula Mertens & Müller 1928 |
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Natrix helvetica sicula Kindler, Chevré, Ursenbacher, Böhme, Hille, Jablonski, Vamberger & Fritz 2017 |
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1834 | |
Natrix torquata minax Bonaparte (syn. Mertens & Wermuth 1960) |
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1834 | |
Natrix torquata murorum Bonaparte (syn. Mertens & Wermuth 1960) |
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1838 | |
Natrix cetti Gené |
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Natrix natrix cetti Mertens & Müller 1928 |
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Natrix helvetica cetti Kindler, Chevré, Ursenbacher, Böhme, Hille, Jablonski, Vamberger & Fritz 2017 |
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1850 | |
Coluber jenisonii Gistel (status uncertain; Mertens & Wermuth 1960) |
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1853 | |
Natrix torquata nigrescens De Betta (syn. Mertens & Wermuth 1960) |
|
1872 | |
Tropidonotus fallax Fatio (syn. Mertens & Wermuth 1960) |
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1880 | |
Tropidonotus natrix concolor Ninni [not Tropidonotus tessellatus concolor Jan 1864] (syn. Mertens & Wermuth 1960) |
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1880 | |
Tropidonotus natrix lineata Ninni (syn. Mertens & Wermuth 1960) |
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1880 | |
Tropidonotus natrix nigro-torquatus Ninni [substitute name for Coluber siculus Cuvier 1829] (syn. Mertens & Wermuth 1960) |
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1930 | |
Tropidonotus natrix britannicus Hecht (syn. Mertens & Wermuth 1960) |
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1930 | |
Tropidonotus natrix corsus Hecht |
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| |
Natrix natrix corsa Mertens 1957 |
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Natrix helvetica corsa Kindler, Chevré, Ursenbacher, Böhme, Hille, Jablonski, Vamberger & Fritz 2017 |
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1970 | |
Natrix natrix lanzai Kramer (syn. Schultze & al. 2020) |
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Natrix helvetica lanzai Kindler, Chevré, Ursenbacher, Böhme, Hille, Jablonski, Vamberger & Fritz 2017 |
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1983 | |
Natrix natrix calabra Vanni & Lanza (syn. Fritz & Schmidtler 2020) |
Other common names:
cetti: Sardinian Grass Snake
corsa: Corsican Grass Snake
lanzai: Tuscan Grass Snake
sicula: South Italian Grass Snake
Remarks:
Previously regarded as a subspecies of natrix (e.g., Mertens & Wermuth 1960).
Revalidated as a separate species by Kindler, Chevré, Ursenbacher, Böhme, Hille, Jablonski, Vamberger & Fritz (2017).
Distribution:
Belgium,
Croatia,
France
(incl.
Corsica),
Germany,
Italy
(incl.
Elba,
Sardinia,
Sicily),
Liechtenstein,
Luxembourg,
Netherlands,
San Marino,
Slovenia,
Switzerland,
United Kingdom
(Channel Islands,
England,
Scotland,
Wales).
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Natrix helvetica
© Rune Midtgaard
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Natrix maura
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Viperine Grass Snake, Viperine Snake, Viperine Water Snake, Lizard Grass Snake
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Vipern-Natter
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Europæisk Hugormesnog
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1758 | |
Coluber maurus Linnaeus |
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Natrix maura Lindholm 1929 |
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1802 | |
Coluber viperinus Latreille [not Coluber viperinus Donndorff 1798] (syn. Böhme (ed.) 1999) |
|
1824 | |
Natrix cherseoides Wagler (syn. Mertens & Wermuth 1960) |
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1824 | |
Natrix ocellata Wagler (syn. Mertens & Wermuth 1960) |
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1836 | |
Coluber viperinus auro-lineatus Gervais (syn. Mertens & Wermuth 1960) |
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1840 | |
Coluber terstriatus Duméril (syn. Mertens & Wermuth 1960) |
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1840 | |
Natrix viperina bilineata Bonaparte [not Coluber bilineatus Bibron & Bory 1833] (syn. Mertens & Wermuth 1960) |
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1853 | |
Tropidonotus bonellii Fitzinger (syn. Mertens & Wermuth 1960) |
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1854 | |
Tropidonotus chersoides Duméril, Bibron & Duméril [substitute name for Natrix cherseoides Wagler 1824] (syn. Mertens & Wermuth 1960) |
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1863 | |
Tropidonotus viperinus bilineata Jan [substitute name for Natrix cherseoides Wagler 1824; not Coluber bilineatus Bibron & Bory 1833] (syn. Mertens & Wermuth 1960) |
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1868 | |
Coluber viperinus ichthyocharis Gistel (syn. Mertens & Wermuth 1960) |
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1872 | |
Tropidonotus viperinus incerta Fation (syn. Böhme (ed.) 1999) |
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1927 | |
Tropidonotus viperinus nigra Mosauer & Wallis [not Coluber niger Dwigubskij 1832; not Tropidonotus natrix nigra Nordmann 1840; not Tropidonotus niger Holbrook 1842; not Tropidonotus natrix nigra Jan 1863] |
Remarks:
In spite of older reports of the species from Corsica, it has not been confirmed for the island (Lescure & Massary 2012).
Extinct in:
Gibraltar.
Introduced to:
Italy
(Sardinia),
Spain
(Balearic Islands
[Mallorca,
Minorca]).
Distribution:
Algeria,
France,
Italy,
Libya,
Morocco,
Portugal,
Spain,
Switzerland,
Tunisia.
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Natrix maura
© Henrik Bringsøe
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Natrix natrix
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Common European Grass Snake
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Gewöhnliche Ringelnatter
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Almindelig Europæisk Vandsnog, Almindelig Snog, Europæisk Snog
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1758 | |
Coluber natrix Linnaeus |
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| |
Natrix natrix Stejneger 1907 |
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1768 | |
Natrix gronoviana Laurenti (syn. Mertens & Wermuth 1960) |
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1768 | |
Natrix vulgaris Laurenti (syn. Mertens & Wermuth 1960) |
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Natrix natrix vulgaris Fritz & Schmidtler 2020 |
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1771 | |
Coluber scutatus Pallas (syn. Kindler, Chevré, Ursenbacher, Böhme, Hille, Jablonski, Vamberger & Fritz 2017) |
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Natrix natrix scutata Mertens 1947 |
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1789 | |
Coluber bipes Gmelin (status uncertain; Mertens & Wermuth 1960) |
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1789 | |
Coluber torquatus Lacepede (syn. Böhme (ed.) 1999) |
|
1789 | |
Coluber tyrolensis Gmelin (status uncertain; Mertens & Wermuth 1960) |
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1802 | |
Coluber gronovius Bechstein [substitute name for Natrix gronoviana Laurenti 1768] (syn. Mertens & Wermuth 1960) |
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1802 | |
Coluber pipedalis Bechstein [typographical error] (syn. Mertens & Wermuth 1960) |
|
1803 | |
Coluber scopolianus Daudin (status uncertain; Mertens & Wermuth 1960) |
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1814 | |
Coluber minutus Pallas (syn. Mertens & Wermuth 1960) |
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1814 | |
Coluber persa Pallas (syn. Kindler, Chevré, Ursenbacher, Böhme, Hille, Jablonski, Vamberger & Fritz 2017) |
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| |
Natrix natrix persa Lankes 1912 |
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1827 | |
Tropidonotus oppelii Boie (Böhme (ed.) 1999) |
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1831 | |
Tropidonotus ater Eichwald (syn. Mertens & Wermuth 1960) |
|
1831 | |
Tropidonotus persicus Eichwald [substitute name for Coluber persa Pallas 1814] (syn. Mertens & Wermuth 1960) |
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1832 | |
Coluber niger Dwigubskij (syn. Böhme (ed.) 1999) |
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1833 | |
Coluber bilineatus Bibron & Bory (syn. Mertens & Wermuth 1960) |
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1833 | |
Coluber natrix dalmatina Schinz (syn. Mertens & Wermuth 1960) |
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1840 | |
Tropidonotus natrix colchica Nordmann (syn. Mertens & Wermuth 1960) |
|
1840 | |
Tropidonotus natrix nigra Nordmann (syn. Mertens & Wermuth 1960) |
|
1864 | |
Tropidonotus natrix bilineata Jan [not Coluber bilineatus Bibron & Bory 1833] (syn. Mertens & Wermuth 1960) |
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| |
Natrix natrix bilineata Werner 1939 |
|
1864 | |
Tropidonotus natrix nigra Jan [not Coluber niger Dwigubskij 1832; not Tropidonotus natrix nigra Nordmann 1840] (syn. Mertens & Wermuth 1960) |
|
1864 | |
Tropidonotus natrix picturata Jan [not Tropidonotus picturatus Schlegel 1837] (syn. Böhme (ed.) 1999) |
|
1864 | |
Tropidonotus natrix subbilineata Jan (syn. Mertens & Wermuth 1960) |
|
1881 | |
Tropidonotus natrix moreoticus Bedriaga |
|
| |
Natrix natrix moreoticus Asztalos, Ayaz, Bayrakci, Afsar, Tok, Kindler, Jablonski & Fritz 2021 |
|
| |
Natrix natrix moreotica Fritz & Ihlow 2022 |
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1897 | |
Tropidonotus natrix albiventris Dürigen (syn. Böhme (ed.) 1999) |
|
1897 | |
Tropidonotus natrix fasciatus Dürigen (syn. Böhme (ed.) 1999) |
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1925 | |
Natrix vibakari continentalis Nikolsky (syn. Terentjev & Chernov 1949) |
|
1930 | |
Tropidonotus natrix bithynicus H echt (syn. Mertens & Wermuth 1960) |
|
1930 | |
Tropidonotus natrix bucharensis Hecht (syn. Böhme (ed.) 1999) |
|
1930 | |
Tropidonotus natrix cephallonicus Hecht (syn. Mertens & Wermuth 1960) |
|
1930 | |
Tropidonotus natrix cypriacus Hecht (syn. Kindler, Chevré, Ursenbacher, Böhme, Hille, Jablonski, Vamberger & Fritz 2017) |
|
| |
Natrix natrix cypriaca Kindler, Chevré, Ursenbacher, Böhme, Hille, Jablonski, Vamberger & Fritz 2017 |
|
1930 | |
Tropidonotus natrix dystiensis Hecht (syn. Mertens & Wermuth 1960) |
|
1930 | |
Tropidonotus natrix schirvanae Hecht (syn. Böhme (ed.) 1999) |
|
1930 | |
Tropidonotus natrix syrae Hecht (syn. Mertens & Wermuth 1960) |
|
1930 | |
Tropidonotus natrix syriacus Hecht (syn. Kindler, Chevré, Ursenbacher, Böhme, Hille, Jablonski, Vamberger & Fritz 2017) |
|
| |
Natrix natrix syriaca Kindler, Chevré, Ursenbacher, Böhme, Hille, Jablonski, Vamberger & Fritz 2017 |
|
1932 | |
Natrix natrix schweizeri Müller (syn. Kindler, Chevré, Ursenbacher, Böhme, Hille, Jablonski, Vamberger & Fritz 2017) |
|
1981 | |
Natrix natrix gotlandica Nilson & Andrén (syn. Kindler, Chevré, Ursenbacher, Böhme, Hille, Jablonski, Vamberger & Fritz 2017) |
|
1987 | |
Natrix megalocephala Orlov & Tuniyev (syn. Kindler, Böhme, Corti, Gvozdik, Jablonski, Jandzik, Metallinou, Siroky & Fritz 2013) |
|
1990 | |
Natrix natrix fusca Cattaneo (syn. Kindler, Chevré, Ursenbacher, Böhme, Hille, Jablonski, Vamberger & Fritz 2017) |
Other common names:
calabra: Calabrian Grass Snake
cypriaca: Cyprus Grass Snake
fusca: Kea Grass Snake
gotlandica: Gotland Grass Snake
megalocephala: Bigheaded Grass Snake, Large-headed Water Snake, Colchis Water Snake
natrix: Northern Grass Snake
persa: Balkan Grass Snake, Striped Grass Snake
schweizeri: Milos Grass Snake
scutata: Crimean Grass Snake
syriaca: Syrian Grass Snake
Remarks:
Previously included astreptophora and helvetica.
Status of megalocephala has been disputed.
Regarded as a synonym of natrix by most authors
(e.g., Hille 1997; Jandzík 2005; Kasparek 2005; Venchi & Sindaco 2006; Böhme 2010; Dubois & Bour 2010;
Kindler, Böhme, Corti, Gvozdik, Jablonski, Jandzik, Metallinou, Siroky & Fritz 2013),
although treated as a valid species by some (e.g., Wallach, Williams & Boundy 2014).
As far as known, the species does not occur in Israel now, although a past occurrence is possible (Grillitsch & Werner 2009).
Sindaco, Venchi & Grieco (2013) included Inner Mongolia in the distribution of the species, but no other works supporting this claim have been found.
Introduced to:
Martinique.
Distribution:
Albania,
Armenia,
Austria,
Azerbaijan,
Belarus,
Bosnia-Herzegovina,
Bulgaria,
China
(Xinjiang),
Croatia,
Cyprus,
Czech Republic,
Denmark,
Estonia,
Finland,
Georgia,
Germany,
Greece
(incl.
Aegean Islands
[incl.
Cyclades Islands,
Dodecanese Islands
(incl.
Rhodes)]),
Hungary,
Iran,
Iraq,
Italy,
Kazakhstan,
Latvia,
Lithuania,
Moldova,
Mongolia,
Montenegro,
North Macedonia,
Norway,
Poland,
Romania,
Russia,
Serbia,
Slovakia,
Slovenia,
Sweden,
Switzerland,
Syria,
Turkey
(incl.
European Turkey),
Turkmenistan,
Ukraine
(incl.
Crimea).
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Natrix natrix
© Henrik Bringsøe
Natrix natrix
© Henrik Bringsøe
Natrix natrix
© Rune Midtgaard
Natrix natrix
© Rune Midtgaard
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Natrix tessellata
|
Dice Snake, Diced Water Snake, Tessellated Water Snake, Blotched Water Snake
|
|
Würfelnatter
|
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Europæisk Rudesnog
|
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1768 | |
Coronella tessellata Laurenti |
|
| |
Natrix tessellata Merrem 1820 |
|
| |
Xenochrophis tessellata Khan 2006 |
|
1771 | |
Coluber hydrus Pallas (syn. Mertens & Wermuth 1960) |
|
1791 | |
Coluber hydrophylus Lindaker (syn. Böhme (ed.) 1999) |
|
1814 | |
Coluber ponticus Pallas (syn. Böhme (ed.) 1999) |
|
1823 | |
Coluber gabinus Metaxa (syn. Böhme (ed.) 1999) |
|
1831 | |
Tropidonotus gracilis Eichwald (syn. Böhme (ed.) 1999) |
|
1831 | |
Tropidonotus tantalus Eichwald (syn. Böhme (ed.) 1999) |
|
1832 | |
Coluber griseus Dwigubskij (syn. Böhme (ed.) 1999) |
|
1832 | |
Coluber muravievii Dwigubskij (syn. Böhme (ed.) 1999) |
|
1832 | |
Coluber reticulatus Menetries (syn. Böhme (ed.) 1999) |
|
1834 | |
Natrix tessellata albo-lineata Bonaparte (syn. Böhme (ed.) 1999) |
|
1838 | |
Coluber elaphoides Brandt (syn. Mertens & Wermuth 1960) |
|
1840 | |
Natrix hydrus immaculata Fitzinger (syn. Böhme (ed.) 1999) |
|
1853 | |
Natrix tessellatus flavescens Massolongo (syn. Böhme (ed.) 1999) |
|
1864 | |
Tropidonotus tessellatus concolor Jan (syn. Böhme (ed.) 1999) |
|
1865 | |
Tropidonotus tessellatus decipiens De Betta (syn. Böhme (ed.) 1999) |
|
1868 | |
Coluber tessellatus nigerrima Gistel (syn. Mertens & Wermuth 1960) |
|
1881 | |
Tropidonotus tessellatus laurenti Bedriaga (syn. Böhme (ed.) 1999) |
|
1891 | |
Tropidonotus tessellata flavescens Werner (syn. Böhme (ed.) 1999) |
|
1897 | |
Tropidonotus tessellatus hagenbecki Werner (syn. Böhme (ed.) 1999) |
|
1897 | |
Tropidonotus tessellatus lineaticollis Werner (syn. Böhme (ed.) 1999) |
|
1897 | |
Tropidonotus tessellatus nigerrima Werner (syn. Böhme (ed.) 1999) |
|
1897 | |
Tropidonotus tessellatus rubromaculosus Dürigen (syn. Böhme (ed.) 1999) |
|
1897 | |
Tropidonotus tessellatus sparsus Dürigen [not Tropidonotus sparsus Schreiber 1875] (syn. Böhme (ed.) 1999) |
|
1897 | |
Tropidonotus tessellatus viperinoides Dürigen [substitute name for Tropidonotus tessellatus flavescens Werner 1891] (syn. Mertens & Wermuth 1960) |
|
1903 | |
Tropidonotus tessellatus vosseleri Werner (syn. Böhme (ed.) 1999) |
|
1916 | |
Enhydris caspia Oken (syn. Böhme (ed.) 1999) |
|
1930 | |
Tropidonotus tessellatus heinrothi Hecht |
|
| |
Natrix tessellata heinrothi Mertens 1957 |
|
1932 | |
Natrix dubbiosii Scortecci (syn. Leviton 1977) |
|
1956 | |
Natrix tessellata cyreni Sochurek (syn. Böhme (ed.) 1999) |
|
1956 | |
Natrix tessellata gaydai Sochurek (syn. Böhme (ed.) 1999) |
|
1968 | |
Natrix dunni Malnate (syn. Mertens 1969; Böhme (ed.) 1999) |
|
| |
Sinonatrix dunni Welch 1988 |
Other common names:
heinrothi: Island Dice Snake
Remarks:
Only a single record from Pakistan (Wall 1911) and Yemen (Scortecci 1932), respectively.
The latter is disregarded herein.
Introduced to:
United Kingdom
(England).
Distribution:
Afghanistan,
Albania,
Armenia,
Austria,
Azerbaijan,
Bosnia-Herzegovina,
Bulgaria,
China
(Xinjiang),
Croatia,
Cyprus,
Czech Republic,
Egypt
(incl.
Sinai),
Georgia,
Germany,
Greece
(incl.
Aegean Islands,
Crete),
Hungary,
Iran,
Iraq,
Israel,
Italy,
Jordan,
Kazakhstan,
Lebanon,
Moldova,
Montenegro,
North Macedonia,
Pakistan,
Poland,
Romania,
Russia,
San Marino,
Serbia,
Slovakia,
Slovenia,
Switzerland,
Syria,
Tajikistan,
Turkey
(incl.
European Turkey),
Turkmenistan,
Ukraine
(incl.
Crimea),
Uzbekistan.
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Natrix tessellata
© Henrik Bringsøe
|
|