Citation: Midtgaard, Rune. RepFocus - A Survey of the Reptiles of the World. (www.repfocus.dk).
Latest update: December 31st, 2022.
 
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Genus
Ablepharus
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Eurasian Snake-eyed Skinks, Eurasian Dwarf Skinks, Eurasian Lidless Skinks, (Ocellated Skinks)
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Eurasische Natternaugen, Natternaugen-Skinke, Schlangenaugen-Skinke
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Eurasiske Brilleskinker
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1823 |  |
Ablepharus Lichtenstein (type species: Scincus pannonicus Lichtenstein 1823) |
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1843 | |
Microblepharis Fitzinger (type species: Ablepharus menetriesii Dumeril & Bibron 1839; syn. Greer 1974) |
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1872 | |
Blepharosteres Stoliczka (type species: Blepharosteres grayanus Stoliczka 1872; syn. Greer 1974) |
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1980 | |
Asymblepharus Eremchenko & Shcherbak (type species: Ablepharus alaicus Elpatjewsky 1901; syn. Mirza, Bragin, Bhosale, Gowande, Patel & Poyarkov 2022) |
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1987 | |
Himalblepharus Yeremchenko (type species: Mocoa sikkimensis Blyth 1854; syn. Mirza, Bragin, Bhosale, Gowande, Patel & Poyarkov 2022) |
Contents:
19 species, of which 4 (21.1%) are endemic.
Endemism: 0%  100%
Remarks:
Previously included the species now assigned to
Cryptoblepharus.
Sindaco & Jeremchenko (2008) suggested that Himalblepharus might deserve recognition as a separate genus
(containing the species mahabharatus, nepalensis, tragbulensis, and sikkimensis).
Distribution:
SE. Europe, Middle East, SW. and C. Asia.
Reported from:
Afghanistan,
Albania,
Armenia,
Azerbaijan,
Bangladesh,
Bhutan,
Bosnia & Herzegovina,
Bulgaria,
China
(Tibet,
Xinjiang),
Cyprus,
Egypt
(incl.
Sinai),
Georgia,
Greece
(incl.
Aegean Islands,
Crete,
Ionian Islands),
Hungary,
India
(Arunachal Pradesh,
Bihar,
Gujarat,
Himachal Pradesh,
Jammu & Kashmir,
Punjab,
Rajasthan,
Sikkim,
Uttar Pradesh,
Uttarakhand,
West Bengal),
Iran,
Iraq,
Israel,
Jordan,
Kazakhstan,
Kuwait,
Kyrgyzstan,
Lebanon,
Montenegro,
Nepal,
North Macedonia,
Oman,
Pakistan,
Romania,
Saudi Arabia,
Serbia,
Slovakia,
Syria,
Tajikistan,
Turkey
(incl.
European Turkey),
Turkmenistan,
United Arab Emirates,
Uzbekistan,
Yemen.
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Ablepharus alaicus
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Alai Mountain Skink
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Alai-Gebirgsskink
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Alai-bjergskink
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1901 | |
Ablepharus alaicus Elpatjewsky |
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Ablepharus bivittatus alaicus Fuhn 1969 |
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Asymblepharus alaicus Eremchenko & Szczerbak 1980 |
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1902 | |
Ablepharus kucenkoi Nikolski (Zhao & Adler 1993) |
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Asumblepharus alaicus kucenkoi [sic] Eremchenko & Szczerbak 1986 |
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1909 | |
Ablepharus saposhnikovi Kaschtschenko (Fuhn 1969) |
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1983 | |
Asymblepharus alaicus yakovlevae Eremchenko |
Remarks:
Reassigned to Ablepharus by Mirza, Bragin, Bhosale, Gowande, Patel & Poyarkov (2022).
Distribution:
China
(Xinjiang),
Kazakhstan,
Kyrgyzstan,
Tajikistan,
Uzbekistan.
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Ablepharus anatolicus
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Lycian Snake-eyed Skink
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Lykisches Natternauge
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Lykisk Brilleskink
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1997 | |
Ablepharus budaki anatolicus Schmidtler |
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Ablepharus anatolicus Skourtanioti, Kapli, Ilgaz, Kumlutas, Avci, Ahmadzadeh, Isailovic, Gherghel, Lymberakis & Poulakakis 2016 |
Remarks:
Previously regarded as a subspecies of budaki.
Regarded as a separate species by Skourtanioti, Kapli, Ilgaz, Kumlutas, Avci, Ahmadzadeh, Isailovic, Gherghel, Lymberakis & Poulakakis (2016).
Validity supported by Bozkurt & Olgun (2020).
Distribution:
Greece
(Aegean Islands:
Dodecanese Islands:
Kastellorizo),
Turkey.
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Ablepharus bivittatus
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Two-striped Mountain Skink, Two-striped Snake-eyed Skink, Two-streaked Snake-eyed Skink
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Gestreifter Gebirgsskink, (Gestreiftes Natternauge)
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Tostribet Bjergskink, (Tostribet Brilleskink)
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1832 | |
Scincus bivittatus Menetries |
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Ablepharus bivittatus Gray 1844 |
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Asymblepharus bivittatus Bozkurt & Olgun 2020 |
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1839 | |
Ablepharus menetriesii Duméril & Bibron (Fuhn 1969) |
Remarks:
Previously included lindbergi.
Reassigned to Ablepharus by Mirza, Bragin, Bhosale, Gowande, Patel & Poyarkov (2022).
Distribution:
Armenia,
Azerbaijan,
Iran,
Turkey,
Turkmenistan.
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Ablepharus budaki
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North Levant Snake-eyed Skink
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Nordlevantisches Natternauge
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Nordlevantisk Brilleskink
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1996 | |
Ablepharus kitaibelii budaki Göcmen, Kumlutas & Tosunoglu |
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Ablepharus budaki Schmidtler 1997 |
Remarks:
Previously included anatolicus.
Distribution:
Cyprus,
Lebanon,
Syria,
Turkey.
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Ablepharus budaki
© Henrik Bringsøe
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Ablepharus chernovi
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Armenian Snake-eyed Skink, (Chernov's Snake-eyed Skink)
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Armenisches Natternauge
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Armensk Brilleskink
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1953 | |
Ablepharus chernovi Darevsky |
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Ablepharus kitaibelii chernovi Fuhn 1970 |
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1997 | |
Ablepharus chernovi eiselti Schmidtler |
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1997 | |
Ablepharus chernovi isauriensis Schmidtler |
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1997 | |
Ablepharus chernovi ressli Schmidtler |
Remarks:
Revalidated as a separate species by Eriomtschenko & Szczerbak (1986) and Schmidtler (1997).
Not listed for Iran by Kamali (2020).
Distribution:
Armenia,
Iran,
Syria,
Turkey.
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Ablepharus darvazi
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Tajik Snake-eyed Skink, Darvaz Snake-eyed Skink
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Tadschikisches Natternauge
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Tadsjikisk Brilleskink
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1990 | |
Ablepharus darvazi Yeriomchenko & Panfilov |
Distribution:
Tajikistan.
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Ablepharus deserti
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Desert Snake-eyed Skink
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Wüsten-Natternauge
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Ørken-brilleskink
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1868 | |
Ablepharus deserti Strauch |
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1915 | |
Ablepharus tenuis Nikolsky [not Ablepharus tenuis Broom 1896] |
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1925 | |
Ablepharus turkestanicus Ahl [substitute name for Ablepharus tenuis Nikolsky 1915] (syn. Fuhn 1969) |
Distribution:
China
(Xinjiang),
Kazakhstan,
Kyrgyzstan,
Tajikistan,
Turkmenistan,
Uzbekistan.
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Ablepharus eremchenkoi
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Kyrgyz Mountain Skink, (Eremchenkos' False Snake-eyed Skink)
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Kirgisischer Gebirgsskink
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Kirgisisk Bjergskink
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1999 | |
Asymblepharus eremchenkoi Panfilov |
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Ablepharus eremchenkoi Mirza, Bragin, Bhosale, Gowande, Patel & Poyarkov 2022 |
Distribution:
Kazakhstan,
Kyrgyzstan.
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Ablepharus grayanus
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Earless Snake-eyed Skink, Earless Dwarf Skink, Minor Snake-eyed Skink
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Ohrenloses Natternauge
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Øreløs Brilleskink
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1872 | |
Blepharosteres grayanus Stoliczka |
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Ablepharus grayanus Boulenger 1887 |
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Ablepharus pannonicus grayanus Fuhn 1969 |
Remarks:
Terentjev & Chernov (1949) included Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan in the distribution of the species, but presumably based on other species.
These countries were not included in Fuhn's (1969) revision.
Records of grayanus from Iran were referred to pannonicus by Anderson (1999).
However, both species are herein regarded as present in the country, based on Karamiani, Rastegar-Pouyani & Rastegar-Pouyani (2018).
Distribution:
Afghanistan,
India
(Gujarat,
Rajasthan),
Iran,
Pakistan.
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Ablepharus himalayanus
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Himalayan Mountain Skink, Himalayan Ground Skink, Himalayan Slender Skink
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Himalaya-Gebirgsskink
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Himalaya-bjergskink
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1864 | |
Eumeces himalayanus Günther |
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Euprepes himalayanus Steindachner 1869 |
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Mocoa himalayana Stoliczka 1872 |
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Lygosoma himalayanum Boulenger 1887 |
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Leiolopisma himalayanum Schmidt 1926 |
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Scincella himalayana Mittleman 1952 |
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Scincella himalayanum Minton 1966 |
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Scincella ladacensis himalayana Ouboter 1986 |
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Asymblepharus himalayanus Eremchenko 1987 |
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Ablepharus himalayanus Mirza, Bragin, Bhosale, Gowande, Patel & Poyarkov 2022 |
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1869 | |
Euprepes blythi Steindachner (Ouboter 1986) |
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Mocoa blythii Theobald 1876 |
Remarks:
Ouboter (1986) regarded himalayanus as a subspecies of ladacensis (at that time included in
Scincella), but most subsequent authors have retained them as separate species (e.g., Schleich & Kästle (eds.) 2002; Zhao & Adler 1993; Sindaco & Jeremchenko 2008). Records from China (Tibet and Xinjiang) (e.g., Zhao & Adler 1993) are erroneous (Sindaco & Jeremchenko 2008). Records from Tibet refer to sikkimensis and ladacensis stimsoni, and records from Xinjiang refer to alaicus.
Distribution:
Afghanistan,
India
(Himachal Pradesh,
Jammu & Kashmir,
Uttar Pradesh,
Uttarakhand),
Nepal,
Pakistan.
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Ablepharus kitaibelii
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European Snake-eyed Skink, Balkan Skink, European Copper Skink, Hungarian Skink, Juniper Skink, Addereye
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Johannisechse
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Johannesøgle
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1824 | |
Ablepharus pannonicus Fitzinger [not Scincus pannonicus Lichtenstein 1823] (syn. Mertens & Wermuth 1960) |
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1833 | |
Ablepharus kitaibelii Bibron & Bory St. Vincent |
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1938 | |
Ablepharus pannonicus fabichi Stepanek (syn. Gruber 1981) |
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Ablepharus kitaibelii fabichi Mertens & Müller 1940 |
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1952 | |
Ablepharus kitaibelii fitzingeri Mertens [substitute name for Ablepharus pannonicus Fitzinger 1824] (syn. Gemel & Vergilov 2020) |
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1970 | |
Ablepharus kitaibelii stepaneki Fuhn (syn. Gemel & Vergilov 2020) |
Remarks:
Before Mertens & Müller (1928) mostly referred to as pannonicus (see synonymy above).
Records of kitaibelii from Cyprus, Armenia, Syria, Lebanon, Jordan, Israel, and some records from Turkey, dated before Schmidtler's (1997) revision of
the kitaibelii complex, refer to other species of the complex (anatolicus, budaki, chernovi, rueppellii).
Reported from Iraq (e.g., Khalaf 1959; Welch 1983; Eremchenko & Szczerbak 1986), but without documentation.
According to Leviton, Anderson, Adler & Minton (1992), the species may occur in the extreme western part of the country, however, following Schmidtler's (1997)
revision it would probably refer to another species of the kitaibelii complex if confirmed for Iraq.
Distribution:
Albania,
Bosnia & Herzegovina,
Bulgaria,
Croatia,
Greece
(incl.
Aegean Islands
[incl.
Cyclades Islands,
Dodecanese Islands
(incl.
Rhodes),
Sporades Islands],
Crete),
Hungary,
Montenegro,
North Macedonia,
Romania,
Serbia,
Slovakia,
Turkey
(incl.
European Turkey).
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Ablepharus kitaibelii
© Henrik Bringsøe
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Ablepharus ladacensis
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Ladakh Glacier Skink, Glacier Skink, Glacier Ground Skink, Ladakhi Rock Skink, Olive Ground Skink, Mountain Ground Skink, Ice Field Skink
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Ladak-Gebirgsskink
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Ladakh-bjergskink
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1864 | |
Eumeces ladacensis Günther |
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Lygosoma ladacense Boulenger 1887 |
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Leiolopisma ladacense Schmidt 1926 |
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Scincella ladacense Mittleman 1952 |
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Asymblepharus ladacensis Eremchenko 1992 |
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Ablepharus ladacensis Mirza, Bragin, Bhosale, Gowande, Patel & Poyarkov 2022 |
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1869 | |
Euprepes kargilensis Steindachner (Ouboter 1986) |
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Mocoa kargilensis Theobald 1876 |
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1869 | |
Euprepes stoliczkai Steindachner (Ouboter 1986) |
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Mocoa stoliczkai Theobald 1876 |
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1992 | |
Asymblepharus ladacensis stimsoni Eremtschenko, Panfilov & Tsatinenko |
Remarks:
Ouboter (1986) regarded himalayanus as a subspecies of ladacensis (at that time included in
Scincella), but most subsequent authors have retained them as separate species (e.g., Schleich & Kästle (eds.) 2002; Zhao & Adler 1993).
Distribution:
China
(Tibet),
India
(Himachal Pradesh,
Jammu & Kashmir,
Uttarakhand),
Nepal,
Pakistan.
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Ablepharus lindbergi
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Afghan Snake-eyed Skink
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Afghanisches Natternauge
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Afghansk Brilleskink
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1960 | |
Ablepharus bivittatus lindbergi Wettstein |
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Ablepharus alaicus lindbergi Fuhn 1969 |
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Ablepharus lindbergi Eremchenko & Szczerbak 1980 |
Remarks:
Leviton & Anderson (1970) listed Iran and Turkmenistan as part of the range of lindbergi, however, Anderson (1999) did not include these countries.
Distribution:
Afghanistan.
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Ablepharus mahabharatus
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Mahabharat Mountain Skink
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Mahabharat-Gebirgsskink
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Mahabharat-bjergskink
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1998 | |
Asymblepharus mahabharatus Eremchenko, Helfenberger, Shah & Panfilov |
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Ablepharus mahabharatus Mirza, Bragin, Bhosale, Gowande, Patel & Poyarkov 2022 |
Distribution:
Nepal.
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Ablepharus nepalensis
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Pokhara Mountain Skink
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Pokhara-Gebirgsskink
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Pokhara-bjergskink
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1998 | |
Asymblepharus nepalensis Eremchenko, Helfenberger, Shah & Panfilov |
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Ablepharus nepalensis Mirza, Bragin, Bhosale, Gowande, Patel & Poyarkov 2022 |
Distribution:
Nepal.
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Ablepharus pannonicus
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Southwest Asian Snake-eyed Skink, (Asian Snake-eyed Skink, Mediterranean Snake-eyed Skink, Mediterranean Dwarf Skink, Red-tailed Snake-eyed Skink)
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Südwestasiatisches Natternauge
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Sydvestasiatisk Brilleskink
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1823 | |
Scincus pannonicus Lichtenstein |
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Ablepharus pannonicus Mittleman 1952 |
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1868 | |
Ablepharus brandti Strauch (syn. Fuhn 1969) |
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1872 | |
Blepharosteres agilis Stoliczka (syn. Smith 1935) |
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1874 | |
Ablepharus pusillus Blanford (syn. Fuhn 1969) |
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1907 | |
Ablepharus brandti brevipes Nikolsky (syn. Fuhn 1969) |
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1907 | |
Ablepharus persicus Nikolsky (syn. Fuhn 1969) |
Remarks:
Presence in Syria needs confirmation (Sindaco & Jeremchenko 2008).
Distribution:
Azerbaijan,
Georgia,
India
(Himachal Pradesh,
Jammu & Kashmir),
Iran,
Iraq,
Kuwait,
Oman,
Pakistan,
Saudi Arabia,
Tajikistan,
Turkmenistan,
United Arab Emirates,
Uzbekistan,
Yemen.
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Ablepharus rueppellii
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South Levant Snake-eyed Skink, (Rüppell's Snake-eyed Skink, Festa's Skink, Juniper Skink)
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Südlevantisches Natternauge
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Sydlevantisk Brilleskink
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1839 | |
Riopa ruppellii Gray |
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Ablepharus rueppellii Schmidtler 1997 [emendation] |
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Ablepharus kitaibelii rueppellii Bar & Haimovitch 2011 |
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1894 | |
Ablepharus festae Peracca (syn. Schmidtler 1997) |
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Ablepharus brandti festae Schmidt 1939 |
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Ablepharus rueppellii festae Schmidtler 1997 |
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Ablepharus kitaibelii fastae [lapsus] Bar & Haimovitch 2011 |
Remarks:
Previously regarded as a synonym of kitaibelii (e.g., Mertens & Wermuth 1960; Fuhn 1970; Gruber 1981; Eriomtschenko & Szczerbak 1986; Werner 1995)
or pannonicus (e.g., Boettger 1880).
Revalidated by Schmidtler (1997).
Presence in Lebanon is based on a few individuals from the Beirut area, but it seems likely that the species occurs in the areas bordering the Golan Heights in Israel and Syria (Roll, Tallowin, Berkowic, Maza, Ostrometzky, Slavenko, Shacham, Tamar & Meiri 2013).
Presence in Syria has been questioned (e.g., Werner, Disi, Mousa, Crochet & Baha el Din 2006), however, Lymberakis & Kalionzopoulou (2003) published records from the
northwestern part of the country.
The only verified record from Sinai, Egypt, seems to be one close to the Israeli border.
Presence in southern Sinai (e.g., Werner, Disi, Mousa, Crochet & Baha el Din 2006) was rejected by
Roll, Tallowin, Berkowic, Maza, Ostrometzky, Slavenko, Shacham, Tamar & Meiri (2013).
Distribution:
Egypt
(Sinai),
Israel,
Jordan,
Lebanon,
Syria.
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Ablepharus sikkimensis
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Sikkim Mountain Skink, Sikkim Ground Skink, Sikkim Rock Skink, Sikkim Slender Skink, Bronzy-brown Ground Skink
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Sikkim-Gebirgsskink
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Sikkim-bjergskink
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1854 | |
Mocoa sikkimensis Blyth |
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Eumeces sikimensis Anderson 1871 |
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Lygosoma sikkimense Boulenger 1887 |
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Leiolopisma sikkimense Smith 1935 |
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Scincella sikkimense Mittleman 1952 |
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Asymblepharus sikkimensis Eremchenko 1987 |
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Ablepharus sikkimensis Mirza, Bragin, Bhosale, Gowande, Patel & Poyarkov 2022 |
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1860 | |
Tiliqua schlegelii Günther (Ouboter 1986) |
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Eumeces schlegelii Günther 1864 |
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1871 | |
Mocoa sacra Stoliczka (Ouboter 1986) |
Distribution:
Bangladesh,
Bhutan,
China
(Tibet),
India
(Arunachal Pradesh,
Bihar,
Sikkim,
West Bengal),
Nepal.
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Ablepharus tragbulensis
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Kashmir Mountain Skink
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Kashmir-Gebirgsskink
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Kashmir-bjergskink
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1898 | |
Lygosoma himalayanum var. tragbulense Alcock |
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Scincella ladacensis tragbulense Das 1994 |
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Asymblepharus tragbulensis Das, Dattagupta & Gayen 1998 |
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Ablepharus tragbulensis Mirza, Bragin, Bhosale, Gowande, Patel & Poyarkov 2022 [by implication] |
Remarks:
Previously regarded as a synonym or subspecies of himalayanus (e.g., Constable 1949) or ladacensis (e.g., Das 1996). Revalidated by Das, Dattagupta & Gayen (1998).
Distribution:
India
(Jammu & Kashmir),
Pakistan.
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