Reptiles of
Iraq 

 

Bibliography of the reptiles of Iraq Taxonomic history of the reptiles of Iraq Introduced species
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Citation: Midtgaard, Rune. RepFocus - A Survey of the Reptiles of the World. www.repfocus.dk (Compilation date: 14th April, 2023).

Checklist
General remarks: The list includes only formally described species. Newly discovered, but still unnamed species are excluded. However, unnamed species or species unassigned to species level are included, if they are the only representatives of their genus in the region. Species counts exclude extinct and introduced species. Doubtful records, typically older voucher specimens of uncertain origin, have been excluded if considered questionable, as are records based on sources considered unreliable or controversial.
Note: Your comments to the checklist (omissions, errors, etc.) are welcomed, preferably if they are provided with reliable references. If possible, please attach a pdf file of the relevant reference to an email addressed to:
Worm Lizards (Amphisbaenia)
= endemicEX = extinct or assumed extinct

Species
References
 Family Blanidae (Mediterranean Worm Lizards)
Genus Blanus (Mediterranean Worm Lizards)
 
Blanus alexandri
Levant Worm Lizard
Al-Barazengy, Salman & Hameed 2015 [as strauchi aporus] Albarwari 2021 [as B. strauchi] Alexander 1966 [as aporus] Amr 2009 [as aporus] Bosch 2003 [as B. strauchi aporus] Gans 1967 [as aporus] Gans 2005 [as aporus] Leviton, Anderson, Adler & Minton 1992 [as aporus] Sindaco & Jeremchenko 2008 [as aporus] Sindaco, Kornilios, Sacchi & Lymberakis 2014
 Family Trogonophidae (Short-headed Worm Lizards)
Genus Diplometopon (Arabian Speckled Worm Lizard)
 
Diplometopon zarudnyi
Arabian Speckled Worm Lizard
Al-Barazengy, Salman & Hameed 2015 Albarwari 2021 Amr 2009 Arnold 1986 Bosch 2003 Gans 1967 Gans 2005 Khalaf 1959 Leviton, Anderson, Adler & Minton 1992

Crocodilians (Crocodylia)
= endemicEX = extinct or assumed extinct

Species
References
 Family Crocodylidae (Crocodiles)
Genus Crocodylus (Typical Crocodiles)
  EX
Crocodylus niloticus
Nile Crocodile
Spawls, Howell, Drewes & Ashe 2002

Lizards (Sauria)
= endemicEX = extinct or assumed extinct

Species
References
 Family Agamidae (Agamas and Dragons)
Genus Laudakia (Asian Rock Agamas)
 
Laudakia nupta
Large-scaled Rock Agama
Al-Barazengy, Salman & Hameed 2015 Albarwari 2021 Amr 2009 Ananjeva & Tuniev 1994 Baig, Wagner, Ananjeva & Boehme 2012 Bosch 2003 Khalaf 1959 Leviton, Anderson, Adler & Minton 1992 Mohammed, Rhadi, Rastegar-Pouyani, Rastegar-Pouyani & Yousefkhani 2017 Sindaco & Jeremchenko 2008 Wermuth 1967
 
Laudakia vulgaris
Eastern Starred Agama
Al-Barazengy, Salman & Hameed 2015 [as Stellagama stellio] Albarwari 2021 [as Stellagama stellio] Amr 2009 [as Laudakia stellio] Beutler in Boehme (ed.) 1981 [as Agama stellio] Bosch 2003 [as L. stellio] Leviton, Anderson, Adler & Minton 1992 [as Agama s. stellio] Mohammed, Rhadi, Rastegar-Pouyani, Rastegar-Pouyani & Yousefkhani 2017 [as Agama s. stellio]
Genus Phrynocephalus (Toad-headed Agamas)
 
Phrynocephalus longicaudatus
Long-tailed Toad-headed Agama
Al-Barazengy 2015 Al-Barazengy, Salman & Hameed 2015 Albarwari 2021 [as P. maculatus] Mohammed, Rhadi, Rastegar-Pouyani, Rastegar-Pouyani & Yousefkhani 2017 [as P. maculatus]
Genus Saara (Eastern Spiny-tailed Agamas)
 
Saara loricata
Mesopotamian Spiny-tailed Agama
Al-Barazengy, Salman & Hameed 2015 Albarwari 2021 Amr 2009 Bosch 2003 Khalaf 1959 Leviton, Anderson, Adler & Minton 1992 Mohammed, Rhadi, Rastegar-Pouyani, Rastegar-Pouyani & Yousefkhani 2017 Wermuth 1967 Wilms 2001 Wilms, Boehme, Wagner, Lutzmann & Schmitz 2009
Genus Trapelus (Afro-Asian Ground Agamas)
 
Trapelus agnetae
North Arabian Plain Agama
Al-Barazengy, Salman & Hameed 2015 [as pallidus haasi] Albarwari 2021 [as T. pallidus] Arnold 1986 [as Agama pallida haasi] Bar & Haimovitch 2011 Khalaf 1959 [as pallidus] Leviton, Anderson, Adler & Minton 1992 [as pallidus haasi] Mohammed, Rhadi, Rastegar-Pouyani, Rastegar-Pouyani & Yousefkhani 2017 [as T. pallidus haasi] Sindaco & Jeremchenko 2008
 
Trapelus persicus
Persian Ground Agama
Al-Barazengy, Salman & Hameed 2015 Arnold 1986 Khalaf 1959 Leviton, Anderson, Adler & Minton 1992 Mohammed, Rhadi, Rastegar-Pouyani, Rastegar-Pouyani & Yousefkhani 2017 Rastegar-Pouyani 1998 Rastegar-Pouyani 2000 Sindaco & Jeremchenko 2008 [as ruderatus] Wermuth 1967
 
Trapelus ruderatus
Horny-scaled Agama
Al-Barazengy, Salman & Hameed 2015 Albarwari 2021 Amr 2009 Bosch 2003 Khalaf 1959 Leviton, Anderson, Adler & Minton 1992 Mohammed, Rhadi, Rastegar-Pouyani, Rastegar-Pouyani & Yousefkhani 2017 Rastegar-Pouyani 1998 Rastegar-Pouyani 2000 Sindaco & Jeremchenko 2008
Genus Uromastyx (Western Spiny-tailed Agamas)
 
Uromastyx aegyptia
Egyptian Spiny-tailed Agama
Al-Barazengy, Salman & Hameed 2015 Albarwari 2021 Amr 2009 Arnold 1986 Bosch 2003 Khalaf 1959 Leviton, Anderson, Adler & Minton 1992 Mohammed, Rhadi, Rastegar-Pouyani, Rastegar-Pouyani & Yousefkhani 2017 Wermuth 1967 Wilms & Boehme 2000 Wilms & Boehme 2007 Wilms, Boehme, Wagner, Lutzmann & Schmitz 2009
 Family Anguidae (Slowworms, etc.)
Genus Pseudopus (Eurasian Glass Lizard)
 
Pseudopus apodus
Eurasian Glass Lizard
Albarwari 2021 Leviton, Anderson, Adler & Minton 1992 Mohammed, Rhadi, Rastegar-Pouyani, Rastegar-Pouyani & Yousefkhani 2017 Obst in Boehme (ed.) 1981 Sindaco & Jeremchenko 2008
 Family Chamaeleonidae (Chameleons)
Genus Chamaeleo (Typical Chameleons)
 
Chamaeleo chamaeleon
Mediterranean Chameleon
Albarwari 2021
 Family Eublepharidae (Eyelid Geckos)
Genus Eublepharis (Southwest Asian Fat-tailed Geckos)
 
Eublepharis angramainyu
Persian Fat-tailed Gecko
Al-Barazengy, Salman & Hameed 2015 Albarwari 2021 Al-Sheikhly, Haba, Fazaa, Al-Barazengy, Al-Haideri & Al-Joborey 2020 Amr 2009 Bosch 2003 Leviton, Anderson, Adler & Minton 1992 Martens & Koch 1991 Mohammed, Rhadi, Rastegar-Pouyani, Rastegar-Pouyani & Yousefkhani 2017 Sindaco & Jeremchenko 2008 Szczerbak & Golubev 1996
 Family Gekkonidae (Typical Geckos)
Genus Bunopus (South West Asian Tuberculated Geckos)
 
Bunopus tuberculatus
Southern Tuberculated Gecko
Al-Barazengy, Salman & Hameed 2015 Albarwari 2021 Amr 2009 Arnold 1986 Bosch 2003 Khalaf 1959 Leviton, Anderson, Adler & Minton 1992 Mohammed, Rhadi, Rastegar-Pouyani, Rastegar-Pouyani & Yousefkhani 2017 Szczerbak & Golubev 1996
Genus Cyrtopodion (Palearctic Bent-toed Geckos)
 
Cyrtopodion scabrum
Keeled Rock Gecko
Al-Barazengy, Salman & Hameed 2015 Albarwari 2021 Amr 2009 Arnold 1986 Bosch 2003 Khalaf 1959 Mohammed, Rhadi, Rastegar-Pouyani, Rastegar-Pouyani & Yousefkhani 2017 Szczerbak & Golubev 1996 Wermuth 1965
Genus Hemidactylus (Half-toed Geckos)
 
Hemidactylus flaviviridis
Yellow-bellied House Gecko
Al-Barazengy, Salman & Hameed 2015 Albarwari 2021 Amr 2009 Arnold 1986 Bosch 2003 Khalaf 1959 Leviton, Anderson, Adler & Minton 1992 Mohammed, Rhadi, Rastegar-Pouyani, Rastegar-Pouyani & Yousefkhani 2017 Wermuth 1965
  *
Hemidactylus kurdicus
Kurdish Half-toed Gecko
Albarwari 2021 Safaei-Mahroo, Ghaffari, Ghafoor & Amini 2017
 
Hemidactylus persicus
Persian Half-toed Gecko
Al-Barazengy, Salman & Hameed 2015 Albarwari 2021 Amr 2009 Arnold 1986 Bosch 2003 Carranza & Arnold 2012 Khalaf 1959 Leviton, Anderson, Adler & Minton 1992 Mohammed, Rhadi, Rastegar-Pouyani, Rastegar-Pouyani & Yousefkhani 2017 Sindaco & Jeremchenko 2008 Wermuth 1965
 
Hemidactylus robustus
Red Sea Half-toed Gecko
Al-Barazengy, Salman & Hameed 2015 [as turcicus] Albarwari 2021 [as H. turcicus] Amr 2009 [as turcicus] Bosch 2003 [as H. turcicus] Khalaf 1959 [as turcicus] Leviton, Anderson, Adler & Minton 1992 [as turcicus] Mohammed, Rhadi, Rastegar-Pouyani, Rastegar-Pouyani & Yousefkhani 2017 [as H. turcicus] Salvador in Boehme (ed.) 1981 [as turcicus]
Genus Mediodactylus (Mediterranean Bent-toed Geckos)
 
Mediodactylus heterocercus
Asia Minor Thin-toed Gecko
Al-Barazengy, Salman & Hameed 2015 Albarwari 2021 Amr 2009 Anderson 1999 Mohammed, Rhadi, Rastegar-Pouyani, Rastegar-Pouyani & Yousefkhani 2017 Sindaco & Jeremchenko 2008
 
Mediodactylus heteropholis
Iraqi Keel-scaled Gecko
Al-Barazengy, Salman & Hameed 2015 Albarwari 2021 Amr 2009 Bosch 2003 Leviton, Anderson, Adler & Minton 1992 Minton, Anderson & Anderson 1970 Mohammed, Rhadi, Rastegar-Pouyani, Rastegar-Pouyani & Yousefkhani 2017 Sindaco & Jeremchenko 2008 Szczerbak & Golubev 1996
Genus Microgecko (Southwest Asian Dwarf Geckos)
 
Microgecko fasciatus
Northern Banded Dwarf Gecko
Albarwari 2021 [as M. helenae] Jablonski, Benovics, Vorel, Mohammed & Afrasiab 2020
Genus Stenodactylus (Afro-Asian Thin-toed Geckos)
 
Stenodactylus affinis
Persian Thin-toed Gecko
Al-Barazengy, Salman & Hameed 2015 Albarwari 2021 Amr 2009 Arnold 1986 Leviton, Anderson, Adler & Minton 1992 Mohammed, Rhadi, Rastegar-Pouyani, Rastegar-Pouyani & Yousefkhani 2017 Sindaco & Jeremchenko 2008
 
Stenodactylus doriae
Middle Eastern Thin-toed Gecko
Al-Barazengy, Salman & Hameed 2015 Albarwari 2021 Amr 2009 Arnold 1980 Arnold 1986 Bosch 2003 Leviton, Anderson, Adler & Minton 1992 Mohammed, Rhadi, Rastegar-Pouyani, Rastegar-Pouyani & Yousefkhani 2017 Sindaco & Jeremchenko 2008 Wermuth 1965
 
Stenodactylus grandiceps
Large-headed Thin-toed Gecko
Al-Barazengy, Salman & Hameed 2015 Albarwari 2021 Amr 2009 Arnold 1980 Arnold 1986 Bosch 2003 Khalaf 1959 Leviton, Anderson, Adler & Minton 1992 Mohammed, Rhadi, Rastegar-Pouyani, Rastegar-Pouyani & Yousefkhani 2017 Sindaco & Jeremchenko 2008 Wermuth 1965
 
Stenodactylus slevini
Dharan Thin-toed Gecko
Al-Barazengy, Salman & Hameed 2015 Albarwari 2021 Amr 2009 Arnold 1980 Arnold 1986 Bosch 2003 Leviton, Anderson, Adler & Minton 1992 Mohammed, Rhadi, Rastegar-Pouyani, Rastegar-Pouyani & Yousefkhani 2017 Sindaco & Jeremchenko 2008
 
Stenodactylus sthenodactylus
Elegant Thin-toed Gecko
Albarwari 2021 Khalaf 1959 Leviton, Anderson, Adler & Minton 1992
 Family Lacertidae (Typical Lizards)
Genus Acanthodactylus (Fringe-toed Lizards)
 
Acanthodactylus boskianus
Afro-Arabian Fringe-toed Lizard
Al-Barazengy, Salman & Hameed 2015 Albarwari 2021 Amr 2009 Arnold 1983 Arnold 1986 Bosch 2003 Khalaf 1959 Leviton, Anderson, Adler & Minton 1992 Mohammed, Rhadi, Rastegar-Pouyani, Rastegar-Pouyani & Yousefkhani 2017 Salvador 1982
 
Acanthodactylus grandis
Giant Fringe-toed Lizard
Al-Barazengy, Salman & Hameed 2015 Albarwari 2021 Amr 2009 Arnold 1983 Arnold 1986 Bosch 2003 Khalaf 1959 Leviton, Anderson, Adler & Minton 1992 Mohammed, Rhadi, Rastegar-Pouyani, Rastegar-Pouyani & Yousefkhani 2017 Salvador 1982 Sindaco & Jeremchenko 2008
 
Acanthodactylus hardyi
Hirmas Fringe-toed Lizard
Al-Barazengy, Salman & Hameed 2015 Albarwari 2021 [as A. scutellatus] Amr 2009 Arnold 1983 Arnold 1986 Bosch 2003 Crochet, Geniez & Ineich 2003 Khalaf 1959 [as scutellatus] Leviton, Anderson, Adler & Minton 1992 Mohammed, Rhadi, Rastegar-Pouyani, Rastegar-Pouyani & Yousefkhani 2017 Salvador 1982 Sindaco & Jeremchenko 2008
 
Acanthodactylus opheodurus
Snake-tailed Fringe-toed Lizard
Al-Barazengy, Salman & Hameed 2015 Albarwari 2021 Amr 2009 Arnold 1983 Arnold 1986 Bosch 2003 Leviton, Anderson, Adler & Minton 1992 Mohammed, Rhadi, Rastegar-Pouyani, Rastegar-Pouyani & Yousefkhani 2017 Salvador 1982 Sindaco & Jeremchenko 2008
 
Acanthodactylus orientalis
Syrian Fringe-toed Lizard
Al-Barazengy, Salman & Hameed 2015 Albarwari 2021 Amr 2009 Arnold 1983 Arnold 1986 Bosch 2003 Khalaf 1959 Leviton, Anderson, Adler & Minton 1992 Mohammed, Rhadi, Rastegar-Pouyani, Rastegar-Pouyani & Yousefkhani 2017 Salvador 1982 [as A. tristrami iracensis] Sindaco & Jeremchenko 2008
 
Acanthodactylus robustus
Robust Fringe-toed Lizard
Al-Barazengy, Salman & Hameed 2015 Albarwari 2021 Amr 2009 Arnold 1983 Arnold 1986 Bosch 2003 Khalaf 1959 Leviton, Anderson, Adler & Minton 1992 Mohammed, Rhadi, Rastegar-Pouyani, Rastegar-Pouyani & Yousefkhani 2017 Salvador 1982 Sindaco & Jeremchenko 2008
Genus Apathya (Kurdish Lizards)
 
Apathya cappadocica
Cappadocian Lizard
Afrasiab, Mohamad & Hossain 2013 Al-Barazengy, Salman & Hameed 2015 Albarwari 2021 Amr 2009 Arnold 1989 Bosch 2003 Eiselt 1979 Khalaf 1959 Leviton, Anderson, Adler & Minton 1992 Mohammed, Rhadi, Rastegar-Pouyani, Rastegar-Pouyani & Yousefkhani 2017
Genus Lacerta (Eurasian Green Lizards)
 
Lacerta media
Levant Emerald Lizard
Afrasiab, Mohamad & Hossain 2013 Al-Barazengy, Salman & Hameed 2015 Albarwari 2021 Amr 2009 Bosch 2003 Leviton, Anderson, Adler & Minton 1992 Sindaco & Jeremchenko 2008 Terentjev & Chernov 1965 [1949]
 
Lacerta strigata
Caspian Green Lizard
Afrasiab, Mohamad & Hossain 2013 [as "cf. strigata"] Al-Barazengy, Salman & Hameed 2015 Albarwari 2021
Genus Mesalina (Afro-Asian Desert Lizards)
 
Mesalina bernoullii
Syrian Desert Lizard
Albarwari 2021 [as M. brevirostris] Bosch 2003 [as M. brevirostris] Smid, Moravec, Gvozdik, Stundl, Frynta, Lymberakis, Kapli, Wilms, Schmitz, Shobrak, Yousefkhani, Rastegar-Pouyani, Castilla, Els & Mayer 2017
 
Mesalina guttulata
Common Small-spotted Desert Lizard
Al-Barazengy, Salman & Hameed 2015 Albarwari 2021 Amr 2009 Arnold 1986 Bosch 2003 Khalaf 1959 Leviton, Anderson, Adler & Minton 1992 Mohammed, Rhadi, Rastegar-Pouyani, Rastegar-Pouyani & Yousefkhani 2017 Moravec & Modry 1994 Segoli, Cohen & Werner 2002 Sindaco & Jeremchenko 2008 Yousefkhani, Marin & Rastegar-Pouyani 2015
 
Mesalina olivieri
Egyptian Small-spotted Desert Lizard
Al-Barazengy, Salman & Hameed 2015 Albarwari 2021 Amr 2009 Arnold 1986 Bosch 2003 Leviton, Anderson, Adler & Minton 1992 Schleich, Kastle & Kabisch 1996 Yousefkhani, Marin & Rastegar-Pouyani 2015
Genus Ophisops (Snake-eyed Lizards)
 
Ophisops elegans
Elegant Snake-eyed Lizard
Al-Barazengy, Salman & Hameed 2015 Albarwari 2021 Amr 2009 Arnold 1986 Bosch 2003 Darevsky & Beutler in Boehme (ed.) 1981 Khalaf 1959 Leviton, Anderson, Adler & Minton 1992 Mohammed, Rhadi, Rastegar-Pouyani, Rastegar-Pouyani & Yousefkhani 2017 Sindaco & Jeremchenko 2008
Genus Timon (Ocellated Lizards)
 
Timon kurdistanicus
Kurdish Ocellated Lizard
Afrasiab, Mohamad & Hossain 2013 Al-Barazengy, Salman & Hameed 2015 Albarwari 2021 [as T. princeps] Amr 2009 Bischoff 1996 Bosch 2003 Ilgaz & Kumlutas 2008 Leviton, Anderson, Adler & Minton 1992 Mohammed, Rhadi, Rastegar-Pouyani, Rastegar-Pouyani & Yousefkhani 2017 Sindaco & Jeremchenko 2008 Sindaco, Venchi & Grieco 2013
 Family Phyllodactylidae (Leaf-toed Geckos)
Genus Asaccus (Middle East Leaf-toed Geckos)
 
Asaccus elisae
Niniveh Leaf-toed Gecko
Al-Barazengy, Salman & Hameed 2015 Albarwari 2021 Amr 2009 Arnold & Gardner 1994 Bosch 2003 Mohammed, Rhadi, Rastegar-Pouyani, Rastegar-Pouyani & Yousefkhani 2017 Sindaco & Jeremchenko 2008 Sindaco, Venchi & Grieco 2013
 
Asaccus griseonotus
Grey-marked Leaf-toed Gecko
Al-Barazengy, Salman & Hameed 2015 Albarwari 2021 Amr 2009 Arnold & Gardner 1994 Bosch 2003 Mohammed, Rhadi, Rastegar-Pouyani, Rastegar-Pouyani & Yousefkhani 2017 Sindaco & Jeremchenko 2008
  *
Asaccus saffinae
Mount Saffine Leaf-toed Gecko
Afrasiab & Mohamad 2009 Al-Barazengy, Salman & Hameed 2015 Albarwari 2021 Mohammed, Rhadi, Rastegar-Pouyani, Rastegar-Pouyani & Yousefkhani 2017 Sindaco, Venchi & Grieco 2013
Genus Ptyodactylus (Fan-toed Geckos)
 
Ptyodactylus puiseuxi
Levant Fan-toed Gecko
Afrasiab & Mohamad 2009 Al-Barazengy, Salman & Hameed 2015 Albarwari 2021 Amr 2009 Bosch 2003 Leviton, Anderson, Adler & Minton 1992 Mohammed, Rhadi, Rastegar-Pouyani, Rastegar-Pouyani & Yousefkhani 2017
 Family Scincidae (Skinks)
Genus Ablepharus (Eurasian Snake-eyed Skinks)
 
Ablepharus pannonicus
Southwest Asian Snake-eyed Skink
Al-Barazengy, Salman & Hameed 2015 Albarwari 2021 Amr 2009 Bosch 2003 Fuhn 1969 Grossmann, Kowalski & Schillert 2013 Leviton, Anderson, Adler & Minton 1992 Mohammed, Rhadi, Rastegar-Pouyani, Rastegar-Pouyani & Yousefkhani 2017 Sindaco & Jeremchenko 2008
Genus Eumeces (Afro-Asian Long-legged Skinks)
 
Eumeces princeps
Southwest Asian Long-legged Skink
Al-Barazengy, Salman & Hameed 2015 Albarwari 2021 [as E. schneiderii] Amr 2009 Bosch 2003 Darevsky in Boehme (ed.) 1981 [as schneiderii] Khalaf 1959 Leviton, Anderson, Adler & Minton 1992 Mohammed, Rhadi, Rastegar-Pouyani, Rastegar-Pouyani & Yousefkhani 2017 Sindaco & Jeremchenko 2008
Genus Heremites (Western Palearctic Grass Skinks)
 
Heremites auratus
Levant Skink
Al-Barazengy, Salman & Hameed 2015 Albarwari 2021 Amr 2009 Bosch 2003 Khalaf 1959 Leviton, Anderson, Adler & Minton 1992 Mohammed, Rhadi, Rastegar-Pouyani, Rastegar-Pouyani & Yousefkhani 2017 Sindaco & Jeremchenko 2008
 
Heremites septemtaeniatus
Seven-striped Grass Skink
Al-Barazengy, Salman & Hameed 2015 Albarwari 2021 Amr 2009 Bosch 2003 Khalaf 1959 Leviton, Anderson, Adler & Minton 1992 Mohammed, Rhadi, Rastegar-Pouyani, Rastegar-Pouyani & Yousefkhani 2017 Moravec, Franzen & Boehme 2006 Sindaco & Jeremchenko 2008
 
Heremites vittatus
Bridled Skink
Al-Barazengy, Salman & Hameed 2015 Albarwari 2021 Amr 2009 Bosch 2003 Khalaf 1959 Leviton, Anderson, Adler & Minton 1992 Mohammed, Rhadi, Rastegar-Pouyani, Rastegar-Pouyani & Yousefkhani 2017 Sindaco & Jeremchenko 2008
Genus Scincus (Sand Fish)
 
Scincus conirostris
Persian Sand Fish
Al-Barazengy, Salman & Hameed 2015 Albarwari 2021 [as S. scincus] Amr 2009 Arnold & Leviton 1977 Arnold 1986 Bosch 2003 Khalaf 1959 Leviton, Anderson, Adler & Minton 1992 Mohammed, Rhadi, Rastegar-Pouyani, Rastegar-Pouyani & Yousefkhani 2017
 Family Varanidae (Monitor Lizards)
Genus Varanus (Monitor Lizards)
 
Varanus griseus
Desert Monitor
Al-Barazengy, Salman & Hameed 2015 Albarwari 2021 Amr 2009 Boehme, Ehrlich, Milto, Orlov & Scholz 2015 Bosch 2003 Khalaf 1959 Leviton, Anderson, Adler & Minton 1992 Martens & Koch 1992 Mertens 1963 Mohammed, Rhadi, Rastegar-Pouyani, Rastegar-Pouyani & Yousefkhani 2017
 
Varanus nesterovi
Zagros Desert Monitor
Albarwari 2021 Boehme, Ehrlich, Milto, Orlov & Scholz 2015

Snakes (Serpentes)
= endemicEX = extinct or assumed extinct

Species
References
 Family Boidae (Typical Boas)
Genus Eryx (Sand Boas)
 
Eryx jaculus
Western Sand Boa
Al-Barazengy, Salman & Hameed 2015 Albarwari 2021 Amr 2009 Bosch 2003 Gasperetti 1988 Geniez 2018 Habeeb & Rastegar-Pouyani 2016 Khalaf 1959 Leviton, Anderson, Adler & Minton 1992 Rhadi, Mohammed, Rastegar-Pouyani, Rastegar-Pouyani & Yousefkhani 2017 Sindaco, Venchi & Grieco 2013 Stimson 1969 Tokar & Obst in Boehme (ed.) 1993
 
Eryx jayakari
Arabian Sand Boa
Afrasiab & Ali 1989 Al-Barazengy, Salman & Hameed 2015 Albarwari 2021 Amr 2009 Bosch 2003 Geniez 2018 Habeeb & Rastegar-Pouyani 2016
 Family Colubridae (Typical Snakes or Colubrids)
Genus Dolichophis (Greater Whip Snakes)
 
Dolichophis andreanus
Zagros Whip Snake
Auer, Khudur, Ararat, Hussein, Auer & Zoennchen 2016
 
Dolichophis jugularis
Large Whip Snake
Al-Barazengy, Salman & Hameed 2015 Albarwari 2021 Amr 2009 Bosch 2003 Geniez 2018 Habeeb & Rastegar-Pouyani 2016 Khalaf 1959 Leviton, Anderson, Adler & Minton 1992 Rhadi, Mohammed, Rastegar-Pouyani, Rastegar-Pouyani & Yousefkhani 2017 Sindaco, Venchi & Grieco 2013
 
Dolichophis schmidti
Red-bellied Whip Snake
Albarwari 2021 Boehme, Ahmand, Abdulzahra, Ararat, Haba, Ahmed & Al-Sheikly 2021
Genus Eirenis (Middle Eastern Dwarf Snakes)
 
Eirenis collaris
Collared Dwarf Snake
Al-Barazengy, Salman & Hameed 2015 Albarwari 2021 Amr 2009 Bosch 2003 Geniez 2018 Habeeb & Rastegar-Pouyani 2016 Khalaf 1959 Leviton, Anderson, Adler & Minton 1992 Mahlow, Tillack, Schmidtler & Muller 2013 Sindaco, Venchi & Grieco 2013
 
Eirenis coronella
Crowned Dwarf Snake
Al-Barazengy, Salman & Hameed 2015 Albarwari 2021 Amr 2009 Bosch 2003 Gasperetti 1988 Geniez 2018 Habeeb & Rastegar-Pouyani 2016 Khalaf 1959 Leviton, Anderson, Adler & Minton 1992 Mahlow, Tillack, Schmidtler & Muller 2013 Sindaco, Venchi & Grieco 2013 Sivan & Werner 2003
 
Eirenis coronelloides
Sinai Dwarf Snake
Afrasiab & Mohamad 2014 Al-Barazengy, Salman & Hameed 2015 Albarwari 2021 Amr 2009 Bosch 2003 Geniez 2018 Habeeb & Rastegar-Pouyani 2016 Mahlow, Tillack, Schmidtler & Muller 2013 Nilson & Rastegar-Pouyani 2011 Sindaco, Venchi & Grieco 2013 Sivan & Werner 2003
 
Eirenis decemlineatus
Narrow-striped Dwarf Snake
Al-Barazengy, Salman & Hameed 2015 Albarwari 2021 Amr 2009 Bosch 2003 Corkill 1932 Geniez 2018 Habeeb & Rastegar-Pouyani 2016 Khalaf 1959 Leviton, Anderson, Adler & Minton 1992 Mahlow, Tillack, Schmidtler & Muller 2013 Sindaco, Venchi & Grieco 2013
 
Eirenis lineomaculatus
Spotted-line Dwarf Snake
Al-Barazengy, Salman & Hameed 2015 Albarwari 2021 Amr 2009 Bosch 2003 Gruber 1989 Mahlow, Tillack, Schmidtler & Muller 2013
 
Eirenis nigrofasciatus
Black-banded Dwarf Snake
Al-Barazengy, Salman & Hameed 2015 [as persicus] Albarwari 2021 [as E. persicus] Amr 2009 [as persicus] Bosch 2003 [as E. persicus] Habeeb & Rastegar-Pouyani 2016 [as persicus] Khalaf 1959 [as persicus] Leviton, Anderson, Adler & Minton 1992 [as persicus] Mahlow, Tillack, Schmidtler & Muller 2013 [as persicus] Rajabizadeh, Nagy, Adriaens, Avci, Masroor, Schmidtler, Nazarov, Esmaeili & Christiaens 2015 Sindaco, Venchi & Grieco 2013 [as persicus]
 
Eirenis punctatolineatus
Armenian Dwarf Snake
Albarwari 2021 Gruber 1989 Mahlow, Tillack, Schmidtler & Muller 2013
Genus Hemorrhois (Palearctic Whip Snakes)
 
Hemorrhois nummifer
Coin-marked Whip Snake
Al-Barazengy, Salman & Hameed 2015 Albarwari 2021 Amr 2009 Bosch 2003 Geniez 2018 Leviton, Anderson, Adler & Minton 1992 Sindaco, Venchi & Grieco 2013
 
Hemorrhois ravergieri
Mountain Whip Snake
Al-Barazengy, Salman & Hameed 2015 Albarwari 2021 Amr 2009 Bosch 2003 Geniez 2018 Habeeb & Rastegar-Pouyani 2016 Sindaco, Venchi & Grieco 2013 Venchi & Sindaco 2007
Genus Lytorhynchus (Awl-headed Snakes)
 
Lytorhynchus diadema
Crowned Awl-headed Snake
Albarwari 2021 Amr 2009 Bosch 2003 Gasperetti 1988 Geniez 2018 Habeeb & Rastegar-Pouyani 2016 Sindaco, Venchi & Grieco 2013
 
Lytorhynchus gaddi
Iranian Awl-headed Snake
Al-Barazengy, Salman & Hameed 2015 Khalaf 1959 Leviton, Anderson, Adler & Minton 1992
 
Lytorhynchus kennedyi
Syrian Awl-headed Snake
Afrasiab & Ali 1989 Al-Barazengy, Salman & Hameed 2015 Amr 2009 Bosch 2003 Sindaco, Venchi & Grieco 2013
Genus Natrix (Eurasian Keelbacks)
 
Natrix natrix
Common European Grass Snake
Afrasiab, Al-Ganabi & Al-Fartosi 2012 Al-Barazengy, Salman & Hameed 2015 Albarwari 2021 Geniez 2018 Habeeb & Rastegar-Pouyani 2016 Sindaco, Venchi & Grieco 2013
 
Natrix tessellata
Dice Snake
Afrasiab, Al-Ganabi & Al-Fartosi 2012 Al-Barazengy, Salman & Hameed 2015 Albarwari 2021 Amr 2009 Bosch 2003 Gasperetti 1988 Geniez 2018 Habeeb & Rastegar-Pouyani 2016 Khalaf 1959 Leviton, Anderson, Adler & Minton 1992 Rhadi, Mohammed, Rastegar-Pouyani, Rastegar-Pouyani & Yousefkhani 2017 Sindaco, Venchi & Grieco 2013
Genus Platyceps (Flat-headed Whip Snakes)
 
Platyceps collaris
Red Whip Snake
Amr 2009 [as rubriceps] Bosch 2003 [as Coluber rubriceps]
 
Platyceps karelini
Spotted Desert Whip Snake
Al-Barazengy, Salman & Hameed 2015 [as rogersi] Albarwari 2021 [as P. rogersi] Amr 2009 [as Coluber ventromaculatus] Bosch 2003 [as Coluber rogersi] Geniez 2018 [as chesneii] Habeeb & Rastegar-Pouyani 2016 [as ventromaculatus] Khalaf 1959 [as rogersi] Leviton, Anderson, Adler & Minton 1992 [as rogersi] Rhadi, Mohammed, Rastegar-Pouyani, Rastegar-Pouyani & Yousefkhani 2017 [as ventromaculatus] Schatti 2004 [as "cf. ventromaculatus"] Schatti 2006 [as "cf. ventromaculatus"] Schatti, Kucharzewski, Masroor & Rastegar-Pouyani 2012
 
Platyceps najadum
European Slender Whip Snake
Al-Barazengy, Salman & Hameed 2015 Albarwari 2021 Darevsky & Szczerbak in Boehme (ed.) 1993 Geniez 2018 Habeeb & Rastegar-Pouyani 2016 Khalaf 1959 Leviton, Anderson, Adler & Minton 1992
 
Platyceps rhodorachis
Wadi Whip Snake
Afrasiab & Mohamad 2011 Al-Barazengy, Salman & Hameed 2015 Albarwari 2021 Amr 2009 Bosch 2003 Geniez 2018 Habeeb & Rastegar-Pouyani 2016 Khalaf 1959 Schatti & McCarthy 2004
Genus Rhynchocalamus (Middle East Black-headed Snakes)
 
Rhynchocalamus satunini
Armenian Black-headed Snake
Al-Barazengy, Salman & Hameed 2015 Albarwari 2021 [as R. melanocephalus] Amr & Disi 2011 Amr 2009 Bosch 2003 Geniez 2018 Leviton, Anderson, Adler & Minton 1992 Szczerbak 2003 Venchi & Sindaco 2007 [as melanocephalus]
Genus Spalerosophis (Diadem Snakes)
 
Spalerosophis diadema
Common Diadem Snake
Afrasiab & Mohamad 2014 Al-Barazengy, Salman & Hameed 2015 Albarwari 2021 Amr 2009 Bosch 2003 Gasperetti 1988 Geniez 2018 Habeeb & Rastegar-Pouyani 2016 Khalaf 1959 Kramer & Schnurrenberger 1963 Leviton, Anderson, Adler & Minton 1992 Marx 1959 Papenfuss 1969 Rhadi, Mohammed, Rastegar-Pouyani, Rastegar-Pouyani & Yousefkhani 2017 Sindaco, Venchi, Carpaneto & Bologna 2000
 
Spalerosophis microlepis
Small-scaled Diadem Snake
Afrasiab & Mohamad 2014 Al-Barazengy, Salman & Hameed 2015 Albarwari 2021 Habeeb & Rastegar-Pouyani 2016
Genus Telescopus (Afro-Asian Cat Snakes)
 
Telescopus nigriceps
Black-headed Cat Snake
Al-Barazengy, Salman & Hameed 2015 Albarwari 2021 Amr 2009 Bosch 2003 Geniez 2018 Habeeb & Rastegar-Pouyani 2016 Khalaf 1959 Leviton, Anderson, Adler & Minton 1992
 
Telescopus tessellatus
Iraqi Cat Snake
Al-Barazengy, Salman & Hameed 2015 Albarwari 2021 Amr 2009 Bosch 2003 Geniez 2018 Habeeb & Rastegar-Pouyani 2016 Khalaf 1959 Leviton, Anderson, Adler & Minton 1992 Sindaco, Venchi & Grieco 2013
Genus Zamenis (Western Palearctic Rat Snakes)
 
Zamenis hohenackeri
Transcaucasian Rat Snake
Afrasiab & Mohamad 2011 Al-Barazengy, Salman & Hameed 2015 Albarwari 2021 Geniez 2018 Habeeb & Rastegar-Pouyani 2016 Hofmann, Mebert, Schulz, Helfenberger, Goecmen & Boehme 2018 Sindaco, Venchi & Grieco 2013
 Family Elapidae [part 1: terrestrial species] (Cobras, Mambas, etc.)
Genus Walterinnesia (Black Desert Cobras)
 
Walterinnesia morgani
Eastern Black Desert Cobra
Al-Barazengy, Salman & Hameed 2015 [as W. aegyptia] Albarwari 2021 [as W. aegyptia] Amr 2009 [as W. aegyptia] Bosch 2003 [as W. aegyptia] Geniez 2018 Habeeb & Rastegar-Pouyani 2016 Nilson & Rastegar-Pouyani 2007 Sindaco, Venchi & Grieco 2013
 Family Elapidae [part 2: marine species] (Sea Snakes)
Genus Hydrophis (Typical Sea Snakes)
 
Hydrophis cyanocinctus
Blue-banded Sea Snake
Albarwari 2021 Geniez 2018
 
Hydrophis ornatus
Reef Sea Snake
Albarwari 2021 Geniez 2018
 
Hydrophis schistosus
Beaked Sea Snake
Al-Barazengy, Salman & Hameed 2015 Albarwari 2021 Amr 2009 Bosch 2003 Khalaf 1959
Genus Microcephalophis (Small-headed Sea Snakes)
 
Microcephalophis gracilis
Graceful Small-headed Sea Snake
Al-Barazengy, Salman & Hameed 2015 Albarwari 2021 Amr 2009 Bosch 2003 Gasperetti 1988 Geniez 2018 Khalaf 1959
 Family Lamprophiidae (House Snakes, etc.)
Genus Malpolon (Montpellier Snakes)
 
Malpolon insignitus
Eastern Montpellier Snake
Afrasiab & Mohamad 2011 Al-Barazengy, Salman & Hameed 2015 Albarwari 2021 [as M. monspessulanus] Amr 2009 [as M. monspessulanus] Bosch 2003 [as M. monspessulanus] Geniez 2018 Habeeb & Rastegar-Pouyani 2016 Khalaf 1959 Rhadi, Mohammed, Rastegar-Pouyani, Rastegar-Pouyani & Yousefkhani 2017 Sindaco, Venchi & Grieco 2013
 
Malpolon moilensis
Moila Snake
Al-Barazengy, Salman & Hameed 2015 Albarwari 2021 Amr 2009 Bosch 2003 Gasperetti 1988 Geniez 2018 Habeeb & Rastegar-Pouyani 2016 Khalaf 1959 Leviton, Anderson, Adler & Minton 1992 Rhadi, Mohammed, Rastegar-Pouyani, Rastegar-Pouyani & Yousefkhani 2017 Sindaco, Venchi & Grieco 2013
Genus Psammophis (Old World Sand Snakes and Grass Snakes)
 
Psammophis schokari
Arabian Sand Snake
Al-Barazengy, Salman & Hameed 2015 Albarwari 2021 Amr 2009 Bosch 2003 Geniez 2018 Habeeb & Rastegar-Pouyani 2016 Khalaf 1959 Kramer & Schnurrenberger 1963 Leviton & Anderson 1970 Rhadi, Mohammed, Rastegar-Pouyani, Rastegar-Pouyani & Yousefkhani 2017 Sindaco, Venchi & Grieco 2013
 Family Leptotyphlopidae (Thread Snakes)
Genus Myriopholis (Many-scaled Thread Snakes)
 
Myriopholis macrorhyncha
Large-snouted Thread Snake
Al-Barazengy, Salman & Hameed 2015 Albarwari 2021 Amr 2009 Bosch 2003 Geniez 2018 Habeeb & Rastegar-Pouyani 2016 Hahn 1978 Hahn 1980 Khalaf 1959 Rhadi, Mohammed, Rastegar-Pouyani, Rastegar-Pouyani & Yousefkhani 2017 Sindaco, Venchi & Grieco 2013
 Family Typhlopidae (Typical Blind Snakes)
Genus Xerotyphlops (Desert Blind Snakes)
 
Xerotyphlops vermicularis
European Worm Snake
Al-Barazengy, Salman & Hameed 2015 Albarwari 2021 Amr 2009 Bosch 2003 Geniez 2018 Grillitsch & Grillitsch in Boehme (ed.) 1993 Habeeb & Rastegar-Pouyani 2016 Hahn 1980 Khalaf 1959 Leviton, Anderson, Adler & Minton 1992 Rhadi, Mohammeda & Yousefkhani 2021
 Family Viperidae (Vipers)
Genus Cerastes (Horned Vipers)
 
Cerastes gasperettii
Middle Eastern Horned Viper
Al-Barazengy, Salman & Hameed 2015 Albarwari 2021 Amr 2009 Bosch 2003 Geniez 2018 Habeeb & Rastegar-Pouyani 2016 [as cerastes] Leviton, Anderson, Adler & Minton 1992 McDiarmid, Campbell & Toure 1999 Rhadi, Mohammed, Rastegar-Pouyani, Rastegar-Pouyani & Yousefkhani 2017 Sindaco, Venchi & Grieco 2013 Werner, Verdier, Rosenman & Sivan 1991
Genus Echis (Carpet Vipers)
 
Echis carinatus
Common Carpet Viper
Afrasiab, Al-Ganabi & Al-Fartosi 2012 Al-Barazengy, Salman & Hameed 2015 Albarwari 2021 Amr 2009 Bosch 2003 Geniez 2018 Habeeb & Rastegar-Pouyani 2016 Rhadi, Mohammed, Rastegar-Pouyani, Rastegar-Pouyani & Yousefkhani 2017 Sindaco, Venchi & Grieco 2013
Genus Macrovipera (Giant Vipers)
 
Macrovipera lebetinus
Blunt-nosed Viper
Al-Barazengy, Salman & Hameed 2015 Albarwari 2021 Amr 2009 Bosch 2003 David & Ineich 1999 Geniez 2018 Habeeb & Rastegar-Pouyani 2016 Khalaf 1959 Leviton, Anderson, Adler & Minton 1992 McDiarmid, Campbell & Toure 1999 Rhadi, Mohammed, Rastegar-Pouyani, Rastegar-Pouyani & Yousefkhani 2017 Sindaco, Venchi & Grieco 2013
Genus Montivipera (Middle East Mountain Vipers)
 
Montivipera raddei
Armenian Mountain Viper
Al-Barazengy, Salman & Hameed 2015 Albarwari 2021 Amr 2009 Boehme, Ahmand, Abdulzahra, Ararat, Haba, Ahmed & Al-Sheikly 2021 Bosch 2003 Habeeb & Rastegar-Pouyani 2016
Genus Pseudocerastes (False Horned Vipers)
 
Pseudocerastes fieldi
Western False Horned Viper
Al-Barazengy, Salman & Hameed 2015 Albarwari 2021 Amr 2009 Bosch 2003 Bostanchi, Anderson, Kami & Papenfuss 2006 Fathinia & Rastegar-Pouyani 2010 Gasperetti 1988 Geniez 2018 Habeeb & Rastegar-Pouyani 2016 Khalaf 1959 Leviton, Anderson, Adler & Minton 1992 Rhadi, Mohammed, Rastegar-Pouyani, Rastegar-Pouyani & Yousefkhani 2017 Sindaco, Venchi & Grieco 2013
 
Pseudocerastes persicus
Persian Horned Viper
Al-Barazengy, Salman & Hameed 2015 Albarwari 2021 Amr 2009 Bosch 2003 Gasperetti 1988 Habeeb & Rastegar-Pouyani 2016 Sindaco, Venchi & Grieco 2013
 
Pseudocerastes urarachnoides
Spider-tailed Viper
Al-Sheikly, Al-Barazengy & Al-Haideri 2019 Al-Sheikly, Haba, Al-Rikabi & Al-Haideri 2020 Fathinia, Roedder, Rastegar-Pouyani, Rastegar-Pouyani, Hosseinzadeh & Kazemi 2020

Turtles (Testudines)
= endemicEX = extinct or assumed extinct

Species
References
 Family Cheloniidae (Hard-shelled Sea Turtles)
Genus Caretta (Loggerhead Sea Turtle)
 
Caretta caretta
Loggerhead Sea Turtle
Al-Barazengy, Salman & Hameed 2015 Albarwari 2021 Amr 2009 Bosch 2003 Rhodin, Iverson, Bour, Fritz, Georges, Shaffer & Dijk 2021
Genus Chelonia (Green Sea Turtle)
 
Chelonia mydas
Green Sea Turtle
Al-Barazengy, Salman & Hameed 2015 Albarwari 2021 Al-Jaberi, Karamiani, Al-Fartosi & Jabber 20202 Amr 2009 Bosch 2003 King & Burke 1989 Rhodin, Iverson, Bour, Fritz, Georges, Shaffer & Dijk 2021
Genus Eretmochelys (Hawksbill Sea Turtle)
 
Eretmochelys imbricata
Hawksbill Sea Turtle
Al-Barazengy, Salman & Hameed 2015 Albarwari 2021 Amr 2009 Bosch 2003 Rhodin, Iverson, Bour, Fritz, Georges, Shaffer & Dijk 2021
Genus Lepidochelys (Ridley Sea Turtles)
 
Lepidochelys olivacea
Olive Ridley Sea Turtle
Al-Barazengy, Salman & Hameed 2015 Albarwari 2021 Amr 2009 Bosch 2003 Rhodin, Iverson, Bour, Fritz, Georges, Shaffer & Dijk 2021
 Family Dermochelyidae (Leatherback Sea Turtle)
Genus Dermochelys (Leatherback Sea Turtle)
 
Dermochelys coriacea
Leatherback Sea Turtle
Al-Barazengy, Salman & Hameed 2015 Albarwari 2021 Amr 2009 Bosch 2003 Rhodin, Iverson, Bour, Fritz, Georges, Shaffer & Dijk 2021
 Family Geoemydidae (Eastern Pond Turtles)
Genus Mauremys (Stripe-necked Turtles)
 
Mauremys caspica
Caspian Turtle
Al-Barazengy, Salman & Hameed 2015 Albarwari 2021 Amr 2009 Bosch 2003 Fritz & Havas 2006 Gasperetti, Stimson, Miller, Ross & Gasperetti 1993 Iverson 1992 King & Burke 1989 Leviton, Anderson, Adler & Minton 1992 Rhodin, Iverson, Bour, Fritz, Georges, Shaffer & Dijk 2021 Sindaco & Jeremchenko 2008 Wermuth & Mertens 1977
 Family Testudinidae (Tortoises)
Genus Testudo (Palearctic Tortoises)
 
Testudo graeca
Spur-thighed Tortoise
Al-Barazengy, Salman & Hameed 2015 Albarwari 2021 Amr 2009 Bosch 2003 Leviton, Anderson, Adler & Minton 1992 Rhodin, Iverson, Bour, Fritz, Georges, Shaffer & Dijk 2021
 Family Trionychidae (Softshell Turtles)
Genus Rafetus (Bicallosite Softshell Turtles)
 
Rafetus euphraticus
Euphrates Softshell Turtle
Al-Barazengy, Salman & Hameed 2015 Albarwari 2021 Amr 2009 Bosch 2003 Iverson 1992 King & Burke 1989 Leviton, Anderson, Adler & Minton 1992 Rhodin, Iverson, Bour, Fritz, Georges, Shaffer & Dijk 2021 Sindaco & Jeremchenko 2008 Stadtlander 1992 Taskavak, Atatur, Ghaffari & Meylan 2016 Wermuth & Mertens 1977