Reptiles of Saudi Arabia  Related checklists:  Farasan Islands Bibliography of the reptiles of Saudi Arabia Taxonomic history of the reptiles of Saudi Arabia Introduced species

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Citation: Midtgaard, Rune. RepFocus - A Survey of the Reptiles of the World. www.repfocus.dk (Compilation date: 14th April, 2023).

Checklist General remarks: The list includes only formally described species. Newly discovered, but still unnamed species are excluded. However, unnamed species or species unassigned to species level are included, if they are the only representatives of their genus in the region. Species counts exclude extinct and introduced species. Doubtful records, typically older voucher specimens of uncertain origin, have been excluded if considered questionable, as are records based on sources considered unreliable or controversial. Note: Your comments to the checklist (omissions, errors, etc.) are welcomed, preferably if they are provided with reliable references. If possible, please attach a pdf file of the relevant reference to an email addressed to:

	Worm Lizards (Amphisbaenia)
	= endemicEX = extinct or assumed extinct Species References  Family Trogonophidae (Short-headed Worm Lizards) Genus Diplometopon (Arabian Speckled Worm Lizard)   Diplometopon zarudnyi Arabian Speckled Worm Lizard Aloufi & Amr 2015 Aloufi, Amr, Baker & Hamidan 2019 Al-Sadoon 1988 Al-Sadoon, Al-Farraj & Abdo 1991 Al-Shammari 2012 Gans 1967 Gans 2005 Kordges 1998 Tilbury 1988

	Lizards (Sauria)
	= endemicEX = extinct or assumed extinct Species References  Family Agamidae (Agamas and Dragons) Genus Acanthocercus (Ridgeback Agamas)   Acanthocercus adramitanus Hadhramaut Ridgeback Agama Aloufi, Amr, Baker & Hamidan 2019 Arnold 1986 Schatti & Gasperetti 1994 Sindaco & Jeremchenko 2008   Acanthocercus yemenensis Yemen Ridgeback Agama Aloufi, Amr, Baker & Hamidan 2019 Arnold 1986 Genus Laudakia (Asian Rock Agamas)   Laudakia vulgaris Eastern Starred Agama Aloufi & Amr 2015 Aloufi, Amr, Baker & Hamidan 2019 [as Stellagama stellio] Al-Sadoon 1988 Al-Shammari 2012 Arnold 1986 Baig, Wagner, Ananjeva & Boehme 2012 Kordges 1998 Leviton, Anderson, Adler & Minton 1992 Genus Phrynocephalus (Toad-headed Agamas)   Phrynocephalus arabicus Arabian Toad-headed Agama Aloufi, Amr & Baker 2022 Aloufi, Amr, Baker & Hamidan 2019 Al-Sadoon 1988 Al-Sadoon, Al-Farraj & Abdo 1991 Al-Shammari 2012 Arnold 1986 Kordges 1998 Melnikov, Melnikova, Nazarov, Rajabizadeh, Al-Johany, Amr & Ananjeva 2014 Tilbury 1988   Phrynocephalus longicaudatus Long-tailed Toad-headed Agama Aloufi, Amr, Baker & Hamidan 2019 [as maculatus] Al-Sadoon 1988 [as maculatus] Barabanov & Ananjeva 2007 Haas 1957 Kordges 1998 [as maculatus] Leviton, Anderson, Adler & Minton 1992 Tilbury 1988   Phrynocephalus macropeltis Dhahran Toad-headed Agama Aloufi, Amr, Baker & Hamidan 2019 Haas 1957 Melnikov, Melnikova, Nazarov, Rajabizadeh, Al-Johany, Amr & Ananjeva 2014   Phrynocephalus nejdensis Nejd Toad-headed Agama Aloufi, Amr, Baker & Hamidan 2019 Haas 1957 Melnikov, Melnikova, Nazarov, Rajabizadeh, Al-Johany, Amr & Ananjeva 2014 Genus Pseudotrapelus (Afro-Arabian Desert Agamas)   Pseudotrapelus aqabensis Aqaba Desert Agama Aloufi & Amr 2015 Aloufi, Amr & Baker 2022 Aloufi, Amr, Baker & Hamidan 2019 Tamar, Scholz, Crochet, Geniez, Meiri, Schmitz, Wilms & Carranza 2016   Pseudotrapelus sinaitus Sinai Desert Agama Aloufi & Amr 2015 Aloufi, Amr & Baker 2022 Aloufi, Amr, Baker & Hamidan 2019 Al-Sadoon 1988 Al-Sadoon, Al-Farraj & Abdo 1991 Kordges 1998 Leviton, Anderson, Adler & Minton 1992 Tamar, Scholz, Crochet, Geniez, Meiri, Schmitz, Wilms & Carranza 2016 Tilbury 1988 Genus Trapelus (Afro-Asian Ground Agamas)   Trapelus agnetae North Arabian Plain Agama Aloufi, Amr & Baker 2022 Aloufi, Amr, Baker & Hamidan 2019 Al-Sadoon 1988 [as Agama pallida haasi] Al-Sadoon, Paray & Al-Otaibi 2016 [as pallidus haasi] Al-Shammari 2012 [as pallidus haasi] Arnold 1986 [as Agama pallida haasi] Bar & Haimovitch 2011 Cunningham 2008 Kordges 1998 [as mutabilis] Leviton, Anderson, Adler & Minton 1992 [as pallidus haasi] Sindaco & Jeremchenko 2008 Tilbury 1988 [as mutabilis]   Trapelus flavimaculatus Yellow-spotted Agama Aloufi & Amr 2015 Aloufi, Amr & Baker 2022 Aloufi, Amr, Baker & Hamidan 2019 Al-Sadoon 1988 Arnold 1986 Rastegar-Pouyani 1998 Schatti & Gasperetti 1994 Tilbury 1988 Wermuth 1967   Trapelus persicus Persian Ground Agama Aloufi, Amr, Baker & Hamidan 2019 Al-Sadoon 1988 Al-Sadoon, Al-Farraj & Abdo 1991 Al-Shammari 2012 Arnold 1986 Kordges 1998 Leviton, Anderson, Adler & Minton 1992 Rastegar-Pouyani 1998 Rastegar-Pouyani 2000 Sindaco & Jeremchenko 2008 [as ruderatus] Tilbury 1988 Genus Uromastyx (Western Spiny-tailed Agamas)   Uromastyx aegyptia Egyptian Spiny-tailed Agama Aloufi & Amr 2015 Aloufi, Amr & Baker 2022 Aloufi, Amr, Baker & Hamidan 2019 Al-Sadoon 1988 Al-Sadoon, Al-Farraj & Abdo 1991 Al-Sadoon, Paray & Al-Otaibi 2016 Al-Shammari 2012 Kordges 1998 Schatti & Gasperetti 1994 Tilbury 1988 Wilms & Boehme 2000 Wilms & Boehme 2007 Wilms 2001 Wilms, Boehme, Wagner, Lutzmann & Schmitz 2009   Uromastyx ornata Ornate Spiny-tailed Agama Aloufi, Amr, Baker & Hamidan 2019 Arnold 1986 Leviton, Anderson, Adler & Minton 1992 Wermuth 1967 Wilms & Boehme 2000 Wilms & Boehme 2007 Wilms 2001  Family Chamaeleonidae (Chameleons) Genus Chamaeleo (Typical Chameleons)   Chamaeleo calyptratus Veiled Chameleon Aloufi, Amr, Baker & Hamidan 2019 Arnold 1986 Glaw 2015 Klaver & Boehme 1997 Schatti & Gasperetti 1994 Sindaco & Jeremchenko 2008 Tilbury 2010   Chamaeleo chamaeleon Mediterranean Chameleon Aloufi & Amr 2015 Aloufi, Amr, Baker & Hamidan 2019 Arnold 1986 Glaw 2015 Klaver & Boehme 1997 Schatti & Gasperetti 1994 Tilbury 2010  Family Gekkonidae (Typical Geckos) Genus Bunopus (South West Asian Tuberculated Geckos)   Bunopus tuberculatus Southern Tuberculated Gecko Aloufi & Amr 2015 Aloufi, Amr & Baker 2022 Aloufi, Amr, Baker & Hamidan 2019 Al-Sadoon 1988 Al-Sadoon, Al-Farraj & Abdo 1991 Al-Sadoon, Paray & Al-Otaibi 2016 Al-Shammari 2012 Kordges 1998 Schatti & Gasperetti 1994 Szczerbak & Golubev 1996 Tilbury 1988 Genus Cyrtopodion (Palearctic Bent-toed Geckos)   Cyrtopodion scabrum Keeled Rock Gecko Aloufi & Amr 2015 Aloufi, Amr & Baker 2022 Aloufi, Amr, Baker & Hamidan 2019 Al-Sadoon 1988 Arnold 1986 Kordges 1998 Szczerbak & Golubev 1996 Tilbury 1988 Genus Hemidactylus (Half-toed Geckos)   * Hemidactylus alfarraji Najran Half-toed Gecko Aloufi, Amr, Baker & Hamidan 2019 Smid, Shobrak, Wilms, Joger & Carranza 2016   * Hemidactylus almakhwah Al Makhwah Half-toed Gecko Smid, Uvizl, Shobrak, Busais, Salim, AlGethami, AlGethami, Alanazi, Alsubaie, Rovatsos, Novakova, Mazuch & Carranza 2022   * Hemidactylus asirensis Asir Mountains Half-toed Gecko Aloufi, Amr, Baker & Hamidan 2019 Smid, Shobrak, Wilms, Joger & Carranza 2016   * Hemidactylus farasani Farasan Islands Half-toed Gecko Smid, Uvizl, Shobrak, Busais, Salim, AlGethami, AlGethami, Alanazi, Alsubaie, Rovatsos, Novakova, Mazuch & Carranza 2022   Hemidactylus flaviviridis Yellow-bellied House Gecko Aloufi & Amr 2015 Aloufi, Amr, Baker & Hamidan 2019 Cunningham 2010 Ross 1993   Hemidactylus granosus West Arabian Half-toed Gecko Aloufi, Amr, Baker & Hamidan 2019 Smid, Moravec, Kratochvil, Gvozdik, Nasher, Busais, Wilms, Shobrak & Carranza 2013   Hemidactylus mindiae Mount Sinai Half-toed Gecko Aloufi & Amr 2015 Aloufi, Amr, Baker & Hamidan 2019   Hemidactylus montanus Mountain Half-toed Gecko Aloufi, Amr, Baker & Hamidan 2019   Hemidactylus persicus Persian Half-toed Gecko Aloufi, Amr, Baker & Hamidan 2019 Arnold 1986 Carranza & Arnold 2012 Leviton, Anderson, Adler & Minton 1992 Tilbury 1988   Hemidactylus robustus Red Sea Half-toed Gecko Aloufi, Amr, Baker & Hamidan 2019 Al-Sadoon 1988 [as turcicus] Al-Sadoon, Al-Farraj & Abdo 1991 [as turcicus] Al-Shammari 2012 [as turcicus] Arnold 1986 [as turcicus] Carranza & Arnold 2012 Cunningham 2010 [as turcicus] Kordges 1998 [as "cf. turcicus"] Mertens 1965 [as t. turcicus] Schatti & Gasperetti 1994 [as turcicus] Smid, Uvizl, Shobrak, Busais, Salim, AlGethami, AlGethami, Alanazi, Alsubaie, Rovatsos, Novakova, Mazuch & Carranza 2022 Genus Pseudoceramodactylus (Gulf Sand Gecko)   Pseudoceramodactylus khobarensis Gulf Sand Gecko Aloufi, Amr, Baker & Hamidan 2019 Arnold 1980 Arnold 1986 Sindaco & Jeremchenko 2008 Wermuth 1965 Genus Stenodactylus (Afro-Asian Thin-toed Geckos)   Stenodactylus doriae Middle Eastern Thin-toed Gecko Aloufi & Amr 2015 Aloufi, Amr & Baker 2022 Aloufi, Amr, Baker & Hamidan 2019 Al-Sadoon, Al-Farraj & Abdo 1991 Al-Shammari 2012 Arnold 1980 Kordges 1998 Tilbury 1988   Stenodactylus grandiceps Large-headed Thin-toed Gecko Aloufi, Amr & Baker 2022 Aloufi, Amr, Baker & Hamidan 2019 Arnold 1986 Leviton, Anderson, Adler & Minton 1992   Stenodactylus slevini Dharan Thin-toed Gecko Aloufi, Amr, Baker & Hamidan 2019 Al-Sadoon 1988 Al-Sadoon, Paray & Al-Otaibi 2016 Al-Shammari 2012 Arnold 1980 Arnold 1986 Kordges 1998 Leviton, Anderson, Adler & Minton 1992 Schatti & Gasperetti 1994 Tilbury 1988 Wermuth 1965   Stenodactylus yemenensis Yemen Thin-toed Gecko Aloufi, Amr, Baker & Hamidan 2019 Arnold 1980 Arnold 1986 Sindaco & Jeremchenko 2008 Genus Trigonodactylus (Triangle-scaled Geckos)   Trigonodactylus arabicus Arabian Triangle-scaled Gecko Aloufi, Amr & Baker 2022 Aloufi, Amr, Baker & Hamidan 2019 Al-Sadoon 1988 Arnold 1980 Arnold 1986 Kordges 1998 Leviton, Anderson, Adler & Minton 1992 Metallinou & Carranza 2013 Nazarov, Melnikov, Radjabizadeh & Poyarkov 2018 Sindaco & Jeremchenko 2008 Tilbury 1988 Wermuth 1965 Genus Tropiocolotes (Afro-Asian Desert Dwarf Geckos)   Tropiocolotes nattereri Sinai Dwarf Gecko Aloufi, Amr, Baker & Hamidan 2019 Ribeiro Junior, Tamar, Maza, Flecks, Wagner, Shacham, Calvo, Geniez, Crochet, Koch & Meiri 2022 Shifman, Shacham & Werner 1999 Sindaco & Jeremchenko 2008 Wilms, Shobrak & Wagner 2010   Tropiocolotes scorteccii Yemen Dwarf Gecko Schatti & Gasperetti 1994   * Tropiocolotes wolfgangboehmei Saudi Arabian Dwarf Gecko Aloufi, Amr, Baker & Hamidan 2019 Arnold 1986 [as steudneri] Kordges 1998 [as steudneri] Sindaco, Venchi & Grieco 2013 Tilbury 1988 [as steudneri] Wilms, Shobrak & Wagner 2010   Tropiocolotes yomtovi Eilat Dwarf Gecko Ribeiro Junior, Tamar, Maza, Flecks, Wagner, Shacham, Calvo, Geniez, Crochet, Koch & Meiri 2022  Family Lacertidae (Typical Lizards) Genus Acanthodactylus (Fringe-toed Lizards)   Acanthodactylus boskianus Afro-Arabian Fringe-toed Lizard Aloufi & Amr 2015 Aloufi, Amr & Baker 2022 Aloufi, Amr, Baker & Hamidan 2019 Al-Sadoon 1988 Al-Sadoon, Al-Farraj & Abdo 1991 Al-Sadoon, Paray & Al-Otaibi 2016 Al-Shammari 2012 Kordges 1998 Salvador 1982 Schatti & Gasperetti 1994 Tilbury 1988   Acanthodactylus gongrorhynchatus Saudi Fringe-toed Lizard Aloufi, Amr, Baker & Hamidan 2019 Arnold 1986 Kordges 1998 Leviton, Anderson, Adler & Minton 1992 Salvador 1982 Sindaco & Jeremchenko 2008 Tilbury 1988   Acanthodactylus grandis Giant Fringe-toed Lizard Aloufi, Amr, Baker & Hamidan 2019 Al-Sadoon, Paray & Al-Otaibi 2016 Al-Shammari 2012 Arnold 1986 Leviton, Anderson, Adler & Minton 1992 Salvador 1982   Acanthodactylus hardyi Hirmas Fringe-toed Lizard Arnold 1986 Crochet, Geniez & Ineich 2003 Leviton, Anderson, Adler & Minton 1992 Salvador 1982 Sindaco & Jeremchenko 2008   Acanthodactylus haasi Eastern Saudi Fringe-toed Lizard Aloufi, Amr, Baker & Hamidan 2019 Arnold 1986 Leviton, Anderson, Adler & Minton 1992 Salvador 1982 Sindaco & Jeremchenko 2008   Acanthodactylus opheodurus Snake-tailed Fringe-toed Lizard Aloufi & Amr 2015 Aloufi, Amr & Baker 2022 Aloufi, Amr, Baker & Hamidan 2019 Al-Sadoon 1988 Al-Sadoon, Al-Farraj & Abdo 1991 Al-Sadoon, Paray & Al-Otaibi 2016 Al-Shammari 2012 Kordges 1998 Salvador 1982 Schatti & Gasperetti 1994 Sindaco & Jeremchenko 2008 Tilbury 1988   Acanthodactylus orientalis Syrian Fringe-toed Lizard Aloufi, Amr, Baker & Hamidan 2019 Al-Sadoon, Paray & Al-Otaibi 2016   Acanthodactylus robustus Robust Fringe-toed Lizard Aloufi, Amr & Baker 2022 Aloufi, Amr, Baker & Hamidan 2019 Al-Sadoon, Paray & Al-Otaibi 2016 Arnold 1986 Leviton, Anderson, Adler & Minton 1992   Acanthodactylus schmidti Middle East Fringe-toed Lizard Aloufi & Amr 2015 Aloufi, Amr & Baker 2022 Aloufi, Amr, Baker & Hamidan 2019 Al-Sadoon 1988 Al-Sadoon, Al-Farraj & Abdo 1991 Al-Sadoon, Paray & Al-Otaibi 2016 Al-Shammari 2012 Arnold 1986 Kordges 1998 Leviton, Anderson, Adler & Minton 1992 Salvador 1982 Schatti & Gasperetti 1994 Tilbury 1988   Acanthodactylus scutellatus Nidua Fringe-toed Lizard Aloufi, Amr, Baker & Hamidan 2019 Al-Sadoon, Paray & Al-Otaibi 2016   Acanthodactylus tilburyi Riyadh Fringe-toed Lizard Aloufi, Amr, Baker & Hamidan 2019 Arnold 1986 Kordges 1998 Leviton, Anderson, Adler & Minton 1992 Sindaco & Jeremchenko 2008 Tilbury 1988 Genus Mesalina (Afro-Asian Desert Lizards)   Mesalina adramitana Hadramaut Desert Lizard Aloufi, Amr, Baker & Hamidan 2019 Arnold 1986 Leviton, Anderson, Adler & Minton 1992 Sindaco & Jeremchenko 2008 Yousefkhani, Marin & Rastegar-Pouyani 2015   Mesalina arnoldi Yemen Desert Lizard Aloufi, Amr, Baker & Hamidan 2019 Cunningham 2010 [as guttulata] Sindaco, Simo-Riudalbas, Sacchi & Carranza 2018   Mesalina bahaeldini Mount Sinai Desert Lizard Sindaco, Simo-Riudalbas, Sacchi & Carranza 2018   Mesalina bernoullii Syrian Desert Lizard Aloufi, Amr, Baker & Hamidan 2019 Smid, Moravec, Gvozdik, Stundl, Frynta, Lymberakis, Kapli, Wilms, Schmitz, Shobrak, Yousefkhani, Rastegar-Pouyani, Castilla, Els & Mayer 2017   Mesalina brevirostris Short-nosed Desert Lizard Aloufi, Amr, Baker & Hamidan 2019 Al-Sadoon, Paray & Al-Otaibi 2016 Smid, Moravec, Gvozdik, Stundl, Frynta, Lymberakis, Kapli, Wilms, Schmitz, Shobrak, Yousefkhani, Rastegar-Pouyani, Castilla, Els & Mayer 2017   Mesalina guttulata Common Small-spotted Desert Lizard Aloufi, Amr, Baker & Hamidan 2019 Al-Sadoon 1988 Al-Sadoon, Al-Farraj & Abdo 1991 Al-Sadoon, Paray & Al-Otaibi 2016 Al-Shammari 2012 Arnold 1986 Kordges 1998 Leviton, Anderson, Adler & Minton 1992 Moravec & Modry 1994 Schatti & Gasperetti 1994 Schleich, Kastle & Kabisch 1996 Sindaco & Jeremchenko 2008 Szczerbak 1975 Tilbury 1988   Mesalina olivieri Egyptian Small-spotted Desert Lizard Aloufi, Amr, Baker & Hamidan 2019 Arnold 1986 Leviton, Anderson, Adler & Minton 1992 Sindaco & Jeremchenko 2008 Szczerbak 1975 Yousefkhani, Marin & Rastegar-Pouyani 2015   * Mesalina saudiarabica West Arabian Desert Lizard Aloufi, Amr, Baker & Hamidan 2019 Smid, Moravec, Gvozdik, Stundl, Frynta, Lymberakis, Kapli, Wilms, Schmitz, Shobrak, Yousefkhani, Rastegar-Pouyani, Castilla, Els & Mayer 2017 Genus Ophisops (Snake-eyed Lizards)   Ophisops elbaensis Mount Elba Snake-eyed Lizard Aloufi, Amr, Baker & Hamidan 2019 Schatti & Gasperetti 1994 Sindaco & Jeremchenko 2008   Ophisops elegans Elegant Snake-eyed Lizard Aloufi & Amr 2015 Genus Philochortus (Shield-backed Ground Lizards)   Philochortus neumanni Arabian Shield-backed Ground Lizard Aloufi, Amr, Baker & Hamidan 2019 Arnold 1986 Sindaco & Jeremchenko 2008 Genus Phoenicolacerta (Phoenician Lizards)   Phoenicolacerta kulzeri Lebanese Rock Lizard Aloufi & Amr 2015 Aloufi, Amr, Baker & Hamidan 2019  Family Phyllodactylidae (Leaf-toed Geckos) Genus Ptyodactylus (Fan-toed Geckos)   Ptyodactylus hasselquistii Egyptian Fan-toed Gecko Aloufi & Amr 2015 Aloufi, Amr, Baker & Hamidan 2019 Al-Sadoon 1988 Al-Sadoon, Al-Farraj & Abdo 1991 Al-Sadoon, Paray & Al-Otaibi 2016 Al-Shammari 2012 Cunningham 2010 Heimes 1987 Kordges 1998 Leviton, Anderson, Adler & Minton 1992 Metallinou, Cervenka, Crochet, Kratochvil, Wilms, Geniez, Shobrak, Brito & Carranza 2015 Schatti & Gasperetti 1994 Tilbury 1988   Ptyodactylus puiseuxi Levant Fan-toed Gecko Aloufi, Amr & Baker 2022  Family Scincidae (Skinks) Genus Ablepharus (Eurasian Snake-eyed Skinks)   Ablepharus pannonicus Southwest Asian Snake-eyed Skink Aloufi, Amr, Baker & Hamidan 2019 Arnold 1986 Grossmann, Kowalski & Schillert 2013 Leviton, Anderson, Adler & Minton 1992 Schatti & Gasperetti 1994 Schatti 1989 Genus Chalcides (Cylindrical Skinks)   * Chalcides levitoni Southwest Arabian Cylindrical Skink Aloufi, Amr, Baker & Hamidan 2019 Al-Sadoon 1988 Arnold 1986 Kordges 1998 Leviton, Anderson, Adler & Minton 1992 Pasteur 1978 Sindaco & Jeremchenko 2008   Chalcides ocellatus Mediterranean Ocellated Skink Aloufi & Amr 2015 [as "cf. ocellatus"] Aloufi, Amr, Baker & Hamidan 2019 Al-Sadoon 1988 Al-Sadoon, Al-Farraj & Abdo 1991 Arnold 1986 Greenbaum, Campbell & Raxworthy 2006 Kordges 1998 Leviton, Anderson, Adler & Minton 1992 Pasteur 1978 Schatti & Gasperetti 1994 Tilbury 1988 Genus Eumeces (Afro-Asian Long-legged Skinks)   Eumeces princeps Southwest Asian Long-legged Skink Arnold 1986 Leviton, Anderson, Adler & Minton 1992   Eumeces schneiderii Golden Long-legged Skink Aloufi, Amr, Baker & Hamidan 2019 Cunningham 2010 Kordges 1998 Tilbury 1988 Genus Eurylepis (Asian Mole Skinks)   Eurylepis taeniolatus Yellow-bellied Mole Skink Aloufi, Amr, Baker & Hamidan 2019 Arnold 1986 Leviton, Anderson, Adler & Minton 1992 Schatti & Gasperetti 1994 Genus Heremites (Western Palearctic Grass Skinks)   Heremites septemtaeniatus Seven-striped Grass Skink Aloufi, Amr, Baker & Hamidan 2019 Arnold 1986 Cunningham 2008 Cunningham 2010 Leviton, Anderson, Adler & Minton 1992 [as auratus] Moravec, Franzen & Boehme 2006 Genus Scincus (Sand Fish)   Scincus conirostris Persian Sand Fish Aloufi, Amr & Baker 2022 Al-Sadoon 1988 Al-Sadoon, Al-Farraj & Abdo 1991 Al-Sadoon, Paray & Al-Otaibi 2016 Arnold & Leviton 1977 Arnold 1986 Kordges 1998 Leviton, Anderson, Adler & Minton 1992 Schatti & Gasperetti 1994   Scincus hemprichii Western Arabian Sand Fish Aloufi, Amr, Baker & Hamidan 2019 Arnold & Leviton 1977 Arnold 1986 Schatti & Gasperetti 1994 Sindaco & Jeremchenko 2008 Smid, Uvizl, Shobrak, Salim, AlGethami, Algethami, Alanazi, Alsubaie, Busais & Carranza 2021   Scincus mitranus Eastern Arabian Sand Fish Aloufi & Amr 2015 Aloufi, Amr & Baker 2022 Aloufi, Amr, Baker & Hamidan 2019 Al-Sadoon 1988 Al-Sadoon, Al-Farraj & Abdo 1991 Arnold & Leviton 1977 Arnold 1986 Kordges 1998 Sindaco & Jeremchenko 2008 Tilbury 1988   Scincus scincus Common Sand Fish Aloufi & Amr 2015 Aloufi, Amr, Baker & Hamidan 2019 Al-Shammari 2012 Arnold & Leviton 1977 Arnold 1986 Leviton, Anderson, Adler & Minton 1992 Schatti & Gasperetti 1994 Schleich, Kastle & Kabisch 1996 Genus Trachylepis (African-American Grass and Forest Skinks)   Trachylepis brevicollis Short-necked Skink Aloufi & Amr 2015 Aloufi, Amr, Baker & Hamidan 2019 Al-Sadoon 1988 Al-Sadoon, Al-Farraj & Abdo 1991 Arnold 1986 Kordges 1998 Leviton, Anderson, Adler & Minton 1992 Tilbury 1988  Family Sphaerodactylidae (Least Geckos, etc.) Genus Pristurus (Semaphore Geckos)   Pristurus carteri Masirah Semaphore Gecko Aloufi, Amr, Baker & Hamidan 2019   Pristurus flavipunctatus Yellow-spotted Semaphore Gecko Aloufi, Amr, Baker & Hamidan 2019 Arnold 1986 Arnold 1993 Arnold 2009 Cunningham 2010 Schatti & Gasperetti 1994 Sindaco & Jeremchenko 2008   Pristurus minimus Lesser Semaphore gecko Aloufi, Amr, Baker & Hamidan 2019 Arnold 1993 Arnold 2009 Tamar, Mitsi, Simo-Riudalbas, Tejero-Cicuendez, Al-Sariri & Carranza 2019   Pristurus popovi Asir Semaphore Gecko Aloufi, Amr, Baker & Hamidan 2019 Arnold 1986 Arnold 2009 Sindaco & Jeremchenko 2008   Pristurus rupestris Rock Semaphore Gecko Aloufi & Amr 2015 Aloufi, Amr, Baker & Hamidan 2019 Al-Sadoon 1988 Arnold 1993 Arnold 2009 Kordges 1998 Mertens 1965 Schatti & Gasperetti 1994 Tilbury 1988  Family Varanidae (Monitor Lizards) Genus Varanus (Monitor Lizards)   Varanus griseus Desert Monitor Aloufi & Amr 2015 Aloufi, Amr & Baker 2022 Aloufi, Amr, Baker & Hamidan 2019 Al-Sadoon 1988 Al-Sadoon, Al-Farraj & Abdo 1991 Al-Sadoon, Paray & Al-Otaibi 2016 Al-Shammari 2012 Kordges 1998 Schatti & Gasperetti 1994 Tilbury 1988   Varanus yemenensis Yemen Monitor Aloufi, Amr, Baker & Hamidan 2019 Boehme 2003 Boehme, Joger & Schatti 1989 Schatti & Gasperetti 1994 Sindaco & Jeremchenko 2008

	Snakes (Serpentes)
	= endemicEX = extinct or assumed extinct Species References  Family Boidae (Typical Boas) Genus Eryx (Sand Boas)   Eryx jaculus Western Sand Boa Aloufi & Amr 2015 Aloufi, Amr, Baker & Hamidan 2019 Gasperetti 1988 Geniez 2018 Leviton, Anderson, Adler & Minton 1992 Sindaco, Venchi & Grieco 2013 Stimson 1969 Tokar & Obst in Boehme (ed.) 1993   Eryx jayakari Arabian Sand Boa Aloufi, Amr & Baker 2022 Aloufi, Amr, Baker & Hamidan 2019 Al-Sadoon 1989 Al-Sadoon, Al-Farraj & Abdo 1991 Alshammari, Busais & Ibrahim 2017 Al-Shammari, Busais & Ibrahim 2017 Gasperetti 1988 Geniez 2018 Kordges 1998 Schatti & Gasperetti 1994 Sindaco, Venchi & Grieco 2013 Stimson 1969 Tilbury 1988  Family Colubridae (Typical Snakes or Colubrids) Genus Dasypeltis (African Egg Eaters)   Dasypeltis arabica Arabian Egg Eater Aloufi, Amr, Baker & Hamidan 2019 [as D. scabra] Bates & Broadley 2018 Gasperetti 1988 [as scabra] Schatti & Gasperetti 1994 [as scabra] Sindaco, Venchi & Grieco 2013 [as scabra] Genus Eirenis (Middle Eastern Dwarf Snakes)   Eirenis coronella Crowned Dwarf Snake Aloufi, Amr, Baker & Hamidan 2019 Gasperetti 1988 Geniez 2018 Leviton, Anderson, Adler & Minton 1992 Mahlow, Tillack, Schmidtler & Muller 2013 Schatti & Gasperetti 1994 Sindaco, Venchi & Grieco 2013 Sivan & Werner 2003 Genus Lytorhynchus (Awl-headed Snakes)   Lytorhynchus diadema Crowned Awl-headed Snake Aloufi, Amr, Baker & Hamidan 2019 Al-Sadoon, Al-Farraj & Abdo 1991 Al-Sadoon, Paray & Al-Otaibi 2017 Alshammari, Badry, Busais, Ibrahim & El-Abd 2021 Alshammari, Busais & Ibrahim 2017 Al-Shammari, Busais & Ibrahim 2017 Gasperetti 1988 Geniez 2018 Kordges 1998 Schatti & Gasperetti 1994   Lytorhynchus gaddi Iranian Awl-headed Snake Al-Sadoon 1989   * Lytorhynchus gasperetti Arabian Awl-headed Snake Aloufi, Amr, Baker & Hamidan 2019 Gasperetti 1988 Leviton 1977 Sindaco, Venchi & Grieco 2013   Lytorhynchus kennedyi Syrian Awl-headed Snake Alshammari 2021 Genus Platyceps (Flat-headed Whip Snakes)   Platyceps elegantissimus Elegant Whip Snake Aloufi, Amr, Baker & Hamidan 2019 Al-Sadoon 1989 Al-Sadoon, Al-Farraj & Abdo 1991 Alshammari, Busais & Ibrahim 2017 Al-Shammari, Busais & Ibrahim 2017 Gasperetti 1988 Geniez 2018 Kordges 1998 Leviton, Anderson, Adler & Minton 1992 Schatti & Gasperetti 1994 Sindaco, Venchi & Grieco 2013   * Platyceps insulanus Farasan Whip Snake Aloufi, Amr, Baker & Hamidan 2019 Cunningham 2010 Gasperetti 1988 Sindaco, Venchi & Grieco 2013   Platyceps karelini Spotted Desert Whip Snake Aloufi, Amr, Baker & Hamidan 2019 [as P. ventromaculatus] Al-Sadoon 1989 [as ventromaculatus] Gasperetti 1988 [as ventromaculatus] Geniez 2018 [as chesneii] Leviton, Anderson, Adler & Minton 1992 [as ventromaculatus] Schatti 2006 [as "cf. ventromaculatus"] Schatti, Kucharzewski, Masroor & Rastegar-Pouyani 2012   Platyceps rhodorachis Wadi Whip Snake Aloufi, Amr, Baker & Hamidan 2019 Al-Shammari, Busais & Ibrahim 2017 Cunningham 2010 Gasperetti 1988 Kordges 1998 Schatti & Gasperetti 1994 Tilbury 1988   Platyceps saharicus Saharan Cliff Racer Aloufi, Amr, Baker & Hamidan 2019 Geniez 2018 Perry 2012 [as tesselata] Schatti & McCarthy 2004   Platyceps variabilis Arabian Whip Snake Aloufi, Abu-Baker & Amr 2020 Aloufi, Amr, Baker & Hamidan 2019 Gasperetti 1988 Schatti & Gasperetti 1994 Genus Spalerosophis (Diadem Snakes)   Spalerosophis diadema Common Diadem Snake Aloufi & Amr 2015 Aloufi, Amr & Baker 2022 Aloufi, Amr, Baker & Hamidan 2019 Al-Sadoon 1989 Al-Sadoon, Paray & Al-Otaibi 2017 Alshammari, Busais & Ibrahim 2017 Al-Shammari, Busais & Ibrahim 2017 Gasperetti 1988 Geniez 2018 Kordges 1998 Schatti & Gasperetti 1994 Tilbury 1988 Genus Telescopus (Afro-Asian Cat Snakes)   Telescopus dhara Arabian Cat Snake Aloufi, Amr, Baker & Hamidan 2019 Al-Sadoon 1989 Alshammari, Busais & Ibrahim 2017 Al-Shammari, Busais & Ibrahim 2017 Els, Al-Johany, Amr, Baha-el-Din, Disi, Boehme, Geniez & Werner 2021 Gasperetti 1988 Kordges 1998 Leviton, Anderson, Adler & Minton 1992 Schatti & Gasperetti 1994  Family Elapidae [part 1: terrestrial species] (Cobras, Mambas, etc.) Genus Naja (Typical Cobras)   Naja arabica Arabian Cobra Aloufi, Amr, Baker & Hamidan 2019 David & Vogel 2010 Gasperetti 1988 Schatti & Gasperetti 1994 Shi, Vogel, Ding, Rao, Liu, Zhang, Wu & Chen 2022 Trape, Chirio, Broadley & Wuster 2009 Genus Walterinnesia (Black Desert Cobras)   Walterinnesia aegyptia Western Black Desert Cobra Aloufi & Amr 2015 Aloufi, Amr, Baker & Hamidan 2019 Al-Sadoon, Paray & Al-Otaibi 2017 Alshammari, Busais & Ibrahim 2017 Al-Shammari, Busais & Ibrahim 2017 Geniez 2018 Kordges 1998 Nilson & Rastegar-Pouyani 2007 Tilbury 1988   Walterinnesia morgani Eastern Black Desert Cobra Aloufi, Amr, Baker & Hamidan 2019 Al-Sadoon 1989 [as W. aegyptia] Al-Sadoon, Paray & Al-Otaibi 2017 David & Vogel 2010 Geniez 2018 Nilson & Rastegar-Pouyani 2007 Sindaco, Venchi & Grieco 2013  Family Elapidae [part 2: marine species] (Sea Snakes) Genus Hydrophis (Typical Sea Snakes)   Hydrophis curtus Short Sea Snake Aloufi, Amr, Baker & Hamidan 2019   Hydrophis cyanocinctus Blue-banded Sea Snake Aloufi, Amr, Baker & Hamidan 2019 Gasperetti 1988 Geniez 2018   Hydrophis lapemoides Persian Gulf Sea Snake Aloufi, Amr, Baker & Hamidan 2019 Gasperetti 1988 Rasmussen 1993   Hydrophis ornatus Reef Sea Snake Gasperetti 1988   Hydrophis platurus Yellow-bellied Sea Snake Aloufi, Amr, Baker & Hamidan 2019 David & Ineich 1999 Gasperetti 1988   Hydrophis schistosus Beaked Sea Snake Aloufi, Amr, Baker & Hamidan 2019   Hydrophis spiralis Narrow-banded Sea Snake Aloufi, Amr, Baker & Hamidan 2019 Gasperetti 1988   Hydrophis viperinus Viperine Sea Snake Aloufi, Amr, Baker & Hamidan 2019 Genus Microcephalophis (Small-headed Sea Snakes)   Microcephalophis gracilis Graceful Small-headed Sea Snake Aloufi, Amr, Baker & Hamidan 2019  Family Lamprophiidae (House Snakes, etc.) Genus Atractaspis (Stiletto Snakes)   Atractaspis andersonii Arabian Stiletto Snake Aloufi, Amr, Baker & Hamidan 2019 David & Vogel 2010 Gasperetti 1988 Schatti & Gasperetti 1994 Sindaco, Venchi & Grieco 2013 Wallach, Williams & Boundy 2014   Atractaspis engaddensis Palestine Stiletto Snake Aloufi, Amr, Baker & Hamidan 2019 Al-Sadoon 1989 Al-Sadoon, Al-Farraj & Abdo 1991 Al-Sadoon, Paray & Al-Otaibi 2017 Alshammari, Busais & Ibrahim 2017 Al-Shammari, Busais & Ibrahim 2017 Gasperetti 1988 Leviton, Anderson, Adler & Minton 1992 Sindaco, Venchi & Grieco 2013 Wallach, Williams & Boundy 2014 Genus Malpolon (Montpellier Snakes)   Malpolon insignitus Eastern Montpellier Snake Cunningham 2010   Malpolon moilensis Moila Snake Aloufi & Amr 2015 Aloufi, Amr & Baker 2022 Aloufi, Amr, Baker & Hamidan 2019 Al-Sadoon 1989 Al-Sadoon, Al-Farraj & Abdo 1991 Al-Sadoon, Paray & Al-Otaibi 2017 Alshammari, Busais & Ibrahim 2017 Al-Shammari, Busais & Ibrahim 2017 Gasperetti 1988 Geniez 2018 Kordges 1998 Schatti & Gasperetti 1994 Tilbury 1988 Genus Psammophis (Old World Sand Snakes and Grass Snakes)   Psammophis schokari Arabian Sand Snake Aloufi & Amr 2015 Aloufi, Amr & Baker 2022 Aloufi, Amr, Baker & Hamidan 2019 Al-Sadoon 1989 Al-Sadoon, Al-Farraj & Abdo 1991 Al-Sadoon, Paray & Al-Otaibi 2017 Alshammari, Busais & Ibrahim 2017 Al-Shammari, Busais & Ibrahim 2017 Cunningham 2010 Gasperetti 1988 Geniez 2018 Kordges 1998 Marx 1988 Schatti & Gasperetti 1994 Tilbury 1988  Family Leptotyphlopidae (Thread Snakes) Genus Myriopholis (Many-scaled Thread Snakes)   Myriopholis burii Arabian Thread Snake Hahn 1978 Hahn 1980 McDiarmid, Campbell & Toure 1999   Myriopholis macrorhyncha Large-snouted Thread Snake Aloufi, Amr, Baker & Hamidan 2019 Al-Sadoon 1989 Gasperetti 1988 Hahn 1978 Hahn 1980 Kordges 1998   Myriopholis nursii Aden Thread Snake Aloufi, Amr, Baker & Hamidan 2019 Broadley & Wallach 2007 Hahn 1978 McDiarmid, Campbell & Toure 1999 Schatti & Gasperetti 1994 Sindaco, Venchi & Grieco 2013  Family Viperidae (Vipers) Genus Bitis (African Adders)   Bitis arietans Common Puff Adder Aloufi, Amr, Baker & Hamidan 2019 David & Ineich 1999 David & Vogel 2010 Gasperetti 1988 McDiarmid, Campbell & Toure 1999 Schatti & Gasperetti 1994 Genus Cerastes (Horned Vipers)   Cerastes cerastes Sahara Horned Viper Aloufi, Amr, Baker & Hamidan 2019 David & Vogel 2010 McDiarmid, Campbell & Toure 1999 Werner, Sivan, Kushnir & Motro 1999   Cerastes gasperettii Middle Eastern Horned Viper Aloufi & Amr 2015 Aloufi, Amr & Baker 2022 Aloufi, Amr, Baker & Hamidan 2019 Al-Sadoon 1989 Al-Sadoon, Al-Farraj & Abdo 1991 Al-Sadoon, Paray & Al-Otaibi 2017 Alshammari, Busais & Ibrahim 2017 Al-Shammari, Busais & Ibrahim 2017 Gasperetti 1988 Geniez 2018 Kordges 1998 McDiarmid, Campbell & Toure 1999 Schatti & Gasperetti 1994 Werner, Verdier, Rosenman & Sivan 1991 Genus Echis (Carpet Vipers)   Echis borkini Yemen Carpet Viper Aloufi, Amr, Baker & Hamidan 2019 Cunningham 2010 [as pyramidum] David & Ineich 1999 [as pyramidum] Gasperetti 1988 [as pyramidum] McDiarmid, Campbell & Toure 1999 [as pyramidum] Pook, Joger, Stumpel & Wuster 2009 Schatti & Gasperetti 1994 [as pyramidum] Sindaco, Venchi & Grieco 2013   Echis coloratus Painted Carpet Viper Aloufi & Amr 2015 Aloufi, Amr, Baker & Hamidan 2019 Al-Sadoon 1989 Al-Sadoon, Paray & Al-Otaibi 2017 Alshammari, Busais & Ibrahim 2017 Al-Shammari, Busais & Ibrahim 2017 Gasperetti 1988 Geniez 2018 Kordges 1998 Leviton, Anderson, Adler & Minton 1992 McDiarmid, Campbell & Toure 1999 Schatti & Gasperetti 1994 Tilbury 1988 Genus Pseudocerastes (False Horned Vipers)   Pseudocerastes fieldi Western False Horned Viper Aloufi, Amr & Baker 2022 Aloufi, Amr, Baker & Hamidan 2019 Al-Sadoon, Paray & Al-Otaibi 2017 Arnold & Gallagher 1977 Gasperetti 1988 Geniez 2018 Leviton & Anderson 1970 [as persicus] Sindaco, Venchi & Grieco 2013

	Turtles (Testudines)
	= endemicEX = extinct or assumed extinct Species References  Family Cheloniidae (Hard-shelled Sea Turtles) Genus Caretta (Loggerhead Sea Turtle)   Caretta caretta Loggerhead Sea Turtle Aloufi, Amr, Baker & Hamidan 2019 Gasperetti, Stimson, Miller, Ross & Gasperetti 1993 King & Burke 1989 Rhodin, Iverson, Bour, Fritz, Georges, Shaffer & Dijk 2021 Genus Chelonia (Green Sea Turtle)   Chelonia mydas Green Sea Turtle Al-Mansi 2016 Aloufi, Amr, Baker & Hamidan 2019 Cunningham 2010 Gasperetti, Stimson, Miller, Ross & Gasperetti 1993 King & Burke 1989 Pritchard 1979 Rhodin, Iverson, Bour, Fritz, Georges, Shaffer & Dijk 2021 Ross & Barwani in Bjorndal (ed.) 1982 Genus Eretmochelys (Hawksbill Sea Turtle)   Eretmochelys imbricata Hawksbill Sea Turtle Al-Mansi 2016 Aloufi & Amr 2015 Aloufi, Amr, Baker & Hamidan 2019 Cunningham 2010 Gasperetti, Stimson, Miller, Ross & Gasperetti 1993 King & Burke 1989 Rhodin, Iverson, Bour, Fritz, Georges, Shaffer & Dijk 2021 Ross & Barwani in Bjorndal (ed.) 1982 Genus Lepidochelys (Ridley Sea Turtles)   Lepidochelys olivacea Olive Ridley Sea Turtle Aloufi, Amr, Baker & Hamidan 2019 King & Burke 1989 Rhodin, Iverson, Bour, Fritz, Georges, Shaffer & Dijk 2021  Family Dermochelyidae (Leatherback Sea Turtle) Genus Dermochelys (Leatherback Sea Turtle)   Dermochelys coriacea Leatherback Sea Turtle Aloufi, Amr, Baker & Hamidan 2019 Cunningham 2010 King & Burke 1989 Rhodin, Iverson, Bour, Fritz, Georges, Shaffer & Dijk 2021  Family Geoemydidae (Eastern Pond Turtles) Genus Mauremys (Stripe-necked Turtles)   Mauremys caspica Caspian Turtle Aloufi, Amr, Baker & Hamidan 2019 Fritz & Havas 2006 Gasperetti, Stimson, Miller, Ross & Gasperetti 1993 Iverson 1992 King & Burke 1989 Leviton, Anderson, Adler & Minton 1992 Rhodin, Iverson, Bour, Fritz, Georges, Shaffer & Dijk 2021  Family Pelomedusidae (African Side-necked Turtles) Genus Pelomedusa (African Helmeted Turtles)   Pelomedusa barbata Arabian Helmeted Turtle Aloufi, Amr, Baker & Hamidan 2019 Boycott & Bourquin 2008 [as subrufa] Els, Alqahtani, Fritz, Shobrak, Busais & Burriel-Carranza 2022 Gasperetti, Stimson, Miller, Ross & Gasperetti 1993 [as subrufa] Iverson 1992 [as subrufa] McCord, Joseph-Ouni & Bour 2004 [as subrufa] Petzold, Vargas-Ramirez, Kehlmaier, Vamberger, Branch, Preez, Hofmeyr, Meyer, Schleicher, Siroky & Fritz 2014 Rhodin, Iverson, Bour, Fritz, Georges, Shaffer & Dijk 2021  Family Testudinidae (Tortoises) Genus Centrochelys (African Spurred Tortoise)   Centrochelys sulcata African Spurred Tortoise Rhodin, Iverson, Bour, Fritz, Georges, Shaffer & Dijk 2021