Reptiles of Kuwait    Bibliography of the reptiles of Kuwait Taxonomic history of the reptiles of Kuwait Introduced species

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Citation: Midtgaard, Rune. RepFocus - A Survey of the Reptiles of the World. www.repfocus.dk (Compilation date: 14th April, 2023).

Checklist General remarks: The list includes only formally described species. Newly discovered, but still unnamed species are excluded. However, unnamed species or species unassigned to species level are included, if they are the only representatives of their genus in the region. Species counts exclude extinct and introduced species. Doubtful records, typically older voucher specimens of uncertain origin, have been excluded if considered questionable, as are records based on sources considered unreliable or controversial. Note: Your comments to the checklist (omissions, errors, etc.) are welcomed, preferably if they are provided with reliable references. If possible, please attach a pdf file of the relevant reference to an email addressed to:

	Worm Lizards (Amphisbaenia)
	= endemicEX = extinct or assumed extinct Species References  Family Trogonophidae (Short-headed Worm Lizards) Genus Diplometopon (Arabian Speckled Worm Lizard)   Diplometopon zarudnyi Arabian Speckled Worm Lizard Alsdirawi 1989 Amr, Alenezi, Al-Sayegh & Baker 2021 Arnold 1986 Gans 1967 Gans 2005 Leviton, Anderson, Adler & Minton 1992

	Lizards (Sauria)
	= endemicEX = extinct or assumed extinct Species References  Family Agamidae (Agamas and Dragons) Genus Phrynocephalus (Toad-headed Agamas)   Phrynocephalus ahvazicus Ahvaz Toad-headed Agama Al-Sirhan & Brown 2010 [as arabicus] Amr, Alenezi, Al-Sayegh & Baker 2021 [as arabicus]   Phrynocephalus longicaudatus Long-tailed Toad-headed Agama Alsdirawi 1989 [as maculatus] Al-Sirhan & Brown 2010 [as maculatus] Amr, Alenezi, Al-Sayegh & Baker 2021 [as maculatus] Genus Trapelus (Afro-Asian Ground Agamas)   Trapelus agnetae North Arabian Plain Agama Amr, Alenezi, Al-Sayegh & Baker 2021 Arnold 1986 [as Agama pallida haasi] Bar & Haimovitch 2011 Leviton, Anderson, Adler & Minton 1992 [as pallidus haasi] Sindaco & Jeremchenko 2008   Trapelus persicus Persian Ground Agama Alsdirawi 1989 Amr, Alenezi, Al-Sayegh & Baker 2021 Arnold 1986 Leviton, Anderson, Adler & Minton 1992 Rastegar-Pouyani 1998 Rastegar-Pouyani 2000 Sindaco & Jeremchenko 2008 [as ruderatus] Genus Uromastyx (Western Spiny-tailed Agamas)   Uromastyx aegyptia Egyptian Spiny-tailed Agama Alsdirawi 1989 Amr, Alenezi, Al-Sayegh & Baker 2021 Anderson 1999 Wilms & Boehme 2000 Wilms & Boehme 2007 Wilms, Boehme, Wagner, Lutzmann & Schmitz 2009  Family Gekkonidae (Typical Geckos) Genus Bunopus (South West Asian Tuberculated Geckos)   Bunopus tuberculatus Southern Tuberculated Gecko Alsdirawi 1989 Amr, Alenezi, Al-Sayegh & Baker 2021 Leviton, Anderson, Adler & Minton 1992 Genus Cyrtopodion (Palearctic Bent-toed Geckos)   Cyrtopodion scabrum Keeled Rock Gecko Alsdirawi 1989 Amr, Alenezi, Al-Sayegh & Baker 2021 Genus Hemidactylus (Half-toed Geckos)   Hemidactylus flaviviridis Yellow-bellied House Gecko Alsdirawi 1989 Amr, Alenezi, Al-Sayegh & Baker 2021   Hemidactylus persicus Persian Half-toed Gecko Alsdirawi 1989 Amr, Alenezi, Al-Sayegh & Baker 2021 Arnold & Gallagher 1977 Genus Pseudoceramodactylus (Gulf Sand Gecko)   Pseudoceramodactylus khobarensis Gulf Sand Gecko Al-Sirhan 2009 Amr, Alenezi, Al-Sayegh & Baker 2021 Genus Stenodactylus (Afro-Asian Thin-toed Geckos)   Stenodactylus affinis Persian Thin-toed Gecko Al-Sirhan 2009 Amr, Alenezi, Al-Sayegh & Baker 2021   Stenodactylus doriae Middle Eastern Thin-toed Gecko Alsdirawi 1989 Amr, Alenezi, Al-Sayegh & Baker 2021 Arnold 1980   Stenodactylus slevini Dharan Thin-toed Gecko Alsdirawi 1989 Amr, Alenezi, Al-Sayegh & Baker 2021 Arnold 1980 Arnold 1986 Leviton, Anderson, Adler & Minton 1992 Genus Trigonodactylus (Triangle-scaled Geckos)   Trigonodactylus arabicus Arabian Triangle-scaled Gecko Amr, Alenezi, Al-Sayegh & Baker 2021 Delima & Al-Nasser 2007 Metallinou & Carranza 2013  Family Lacertidae (Typical Lizards) Genus Acanthodactylus (Fringe-toed Lizards)   Acanthodactylus boskianus Afro-Arabian Fringe-toed Lizard Alsdirawi 1989 Amr, Alenezi, Al-Sayegh & Baker 2021   Acanthodactylus hardyi Hirmas Fringe-toed Lizard Alsdirawi 1989 Amr, Alenezi, Al-Sayegh & Baker 2021 Arnold 1986 Crochet, Geniez & Ineich 2003 Leviton, Anderson, Adler & Minton 1992 Salvador 1982   Acanthodactylus opheodurus Snake-tailed Fringe-toed Lizard Alsdirawi 1989 Amr, Alenezi, Al-Sayegh & Baker 2021 Salvador 1982   Acanthodactylus schmidti Middle East Fringe-toed Lizard Alsdirawi 1989 Amr, Alenezi, Al-Sayegh & Baker 2021 Genus Mesalina (Afro-Asian Desert Lizards)   Mesalina bernoullii Syrian Desert Lizard Alsdirawi 1989 [as brevirostris] Amr, Alenezi, Al-Sayegh & Baker 2021 [as brevirostris] Arnold 1986 [as brevirostris] Leviton, Anderson, Adler & Minton 1992 [as brevirostris] Smid, Moravec, Gvozdik, Stundl, Frynta, Lymberakis, Kapli, Wilms, Schmitz, Shobrak, Yousefkhani, Rastegar-Pouyani, Castilla, Els & Mayer 2017   Mesalina guttulata Common Small-spotted Desert Lizard Al-Sirhan 2008 Amr, Alenezi, Al-Sayegh & Baker 2021  Family Scincidae (Skinks) Genus Ablepharus (Eurasian Snake-eyed Skinks)   Ablepharus pannonicus Southwest Asian Snake-eyed Skink Alsdirawi 1989 Amr, Alenezi, Al-Sayegh & Baker 2021 Arnold 1986 Leviton, Anderson, Adler & Minton 1992 Genus Chalcides (Cylindrical Skinks)   Chalcides ocellatus Mediterranean Ocellated Skink Al-Sadoon 1988 Amr, Alenezi, Al-Sayegh & Baker 2021 Eissa & El-Assy 1975 Genus Scincus (Sand Fish)   Scincus conirostris Persian Sand Fish Alsdirawi 1989 Amr, Alenezi, Al-Sayegh & Baker 2021 Arnold & Leviton 1977 Arnold 1986 Leviton, Anderson, Adler & Minton 1992   Scincus mitranus Eastern Arabian Sand Fish Alsdirawi 1989 Amr, Alenezi, Al-Sayegh & Baker 2021 Arnold & Leviton 1977 Arnold 1986 Leviton, Anderson, Adler & Minton 1992 Sindaco & Jeremchenko 2008  Family Varanidae (Monitor Lizards) Genus Varanus (Monitor Lizards)   Varanus griseus Desert Monitor Alsdirawi 1989 Amr, Alenezi, Al-Sayegh & Baker 2021 Boehme, Ehrlich, Milto, Orlov & Scholz 2015

	Snakes (Serpentes)
	= endemicEX = extinct or assumed extinct Species References  Family Boidae (Typical Boas) Genus Eryx (Sand Boas)   Eryx jayakari Arabian Sand Boa Alsdirawi 1989 Amr, Alenezi, Al-Sayegh & Baker 2021 Gasperetti 1988 Geniez 2018 Leviton, Anderson, Adler & Minton 1992 Stimson 1969  Family Colubridae (Typical Snakes or Colubrids) Genus Dolichophis (Greater Whip Snakes)   Dolichophis jugularis Large Whip Snake Al-Mohanna, Jaman & Meakins 1997 Amr, Alenezi, Al-Sayegh & Baker 2021 Sindaco, Venchi & Grieco 2013 Venchi & Sindaco 2007 Genus Lytorhynchus (Awl-headed Snakes)   Lytorhynchus gaddi Iranian Awl-headed Snake Alsdirawi 1989 Amr, Alenezi, Al-Sayegh & Baker 2021 Genus Platyceps (Flat-headed Whip Snakes)   Platyceps karelini Spotted Desert Whip Snake Alsdirawi 1989 [as ventromaculatus] Amr, Alenezi, Al-Sayegh & Baker 2021 [as P. ventromaculatus] Gasperetti 1988 [as ventromaculatus] Geniez 2018 [as chesneii] Leviton, Anderson, Adler & Minton 1992 [as ventromaculatus] Schatti 2006 [as "cf. ventromaculatus"] Schatti, Kucharzewski, Masroor & Rastegar-Pouyani 2012 Genus Spalerosophis (Diadem Snakes)   Spalerosophis diadema Common Diadem Snake Amr, Alenezi, Al-Sayegh & Baker 2021 Gasperetti 1988 Geniez 2018  Family Elapidae [part 1: terrestrial species] (Cobras, Mambas, etc.) Genus Walterinnesia (Black Desert Cobras)   Walterinnesia morgani Eastern Black Desert Cobra Alsdirawi 1989 [as W. aegyptia] Geniez 2018 Golay, Smith, Broadley, Dixon, McCarthy, Rage, Schatti & Toriba 1993 [as W. aegyptia] Leviton, Anderson, Adler & Minton 1992 [as W. aegyptia]  Family Elapidae [part 2: marine species] (Sea Snakes) Genus Hydrophis (Typical Sea Snakes)   Hydrophis cyanocinctus Blue-banded Sea Snake Alsdirawi 1989 Amr, Alenezi, Al-Sayegh & Baker 2021 Gasperetti 1988 Geniez 2018   Hydrophis lapemoides Persian Gulf Sea Snake Alsdirawi 1989 Amr, Alenezi, Al-Sayegh & Baker 2021   Hydrophis platurus Yellow-bellied Sea Snake Alsdirawi 1989 Amr, Alenezi, Al-Sayegh & Baker 2021 Gasperetti 1988   Hydrophis viperinus Viperine Sea Snake Amr, Alenezi, Al-Sayegh & Baker 2021  Family Lamprophiidae (House Snakes, etc.) Genus Malpolon (Montpellier Snakes)   Malpolon moilensis Moila Snake Alsdirawi 1989 Amr, Alenezi, Al-Sayegh & Baker 2021 Gasperetti 1988 Geniez 2018 Genus Psammophis (Old World Sand Snakes and Grass Snakes)   Psammophis schokari Arabian Sand Snake Alsdirawi 1989 Amr, Alenezi, Al-Sayegh & Baker 2021 Gasperetti 1988 Geniez 2018 Marx 1988  Family Viperidae (Vipers) Genus Cerastes (Horned Vipers)   Cerastes gasperettii Middle Eastern Horned Viper Alsdirawi 1989 [as cerastes] Amr, Alenezi, Al-Sayegh & Baker 2021 Gasperetti 1988 Geniez 2018 Leviton, Anderson, Adler & Minton 1992 McDiarmid, Campbell & Toure 1999 Werner & Sivan 1992 Werner, Verdier, Rosenman & Sivan 1991 Genus Echis (Carpet Vipers)

	Turtles (Testudines)
	= endemicEX = extinct or assumed extinct Species References  Family Cheloniidae (Hard-shelled Sea Turtles) Genus Caretta (Loggerhead Sea Turtle)   Caretta caretta Loggerhead Sea Turtle Al-Mohanna & George 2010 Alsdirawi 1989 Amr, Alenezi, Al-Sayegh & Baker 2021 Rhodin, Iverson, Bour, Fritz, Georges, Shaffer & Dijk 2021 Genus Chelonia (Green Sea Turtle)   Chelonia mydas Green Sea Turtle Alsdirawi 1989 Amr, Alenezi, Al-Sayegh & Baker 2021 King & Burke 1989 Rees, Al Hafez, Lloyd, Papathanasopoulou & Godley 2013 Rhodin, Iverson, Bour, Fritz, Georges, Shaffer & Dijk 2021 Ross & Barwani in Bjorndal (ed.) 1982 Genus Eretmochelys (Hawksbill Sea Turtle)   Eretmochelys imbricata Hawksbill Sea Turtle Alsdirawi 1989 Amr, Alenezi, Al-Sayegh & Baker 2021 King & Burke 1989 Papathanasopoulou 2010 Rees, Al Hafez & Papathanasopoulou 2013 Rhodin, Iverson, Bour, Fritz, Georges, Shaffer & Dijk 2021 Genus Lepidochelys (Ridley Sea Turtles)   Lepidochelys olivacea Olive Ridley Sea Turtle Amr, Alenezi, Al-Sayegh & Baker 2021 Bishop, Deshti & Al-Ayoub 2007 Rhodin, Iverson, Bour, Fritz, Georges, Shaffer & Dijk 2021 Tollab, Dakhteh, Zaferani, Hesni, Ahmadi, Langari, Alavian & Rezaie-Atagholipour 2015  Family Dermochelyidae (Leatherback Sea Turtle) Genus Dermochelys (Leatherback Sea Turtle)   Dermochelys coriacea Leatherback Sea Turtle Al-Mohanna & Meakins 2000 Amr, Alenezi, Al-Sayegh & Baker 2021 Rhodin, Iverson, Bour, Fritz, Georges, Shaffer & Dijk 2021