Reptiles of Afghanistan    Bibliography of the reptiles of Afghanistan Taxonomic history of the reptiles of Afghanistan Introduced species

Home - Taxonomy - Geography - Biodiversity - Literature - Purchase RepFocus

Recent updates

Citation: Midtgaard, Rune. RepFocus - A Survey of the Reptiles of the World. www.repfocus.dk (Compilation date: 14th April, 2023).

Checklist General remarks: The list includes only formally described species. Newly discovered, but still unnamed species are excluded. However, unnamed species or species unassigned to species level are included, if they are the only representatives of their genus in the region. Species counts exclude extinct and introduced species. Doubtful records, typically older voucher specimens of uncertain origin, have been excluded if considered questionable, as are records based on sources considered unreliable or controversial. Note: Your comments to the checklist (omissions, errors, etc.) are welcomed, preferably if they are provided with reliable references. If possible, please attach a pdf file of the relevant reference to an email addressed to:

	Lizards (Sauria)
	= endemicEX = extinct or assumed extinct Species References  Family Agamidae (Agamas and Dragons) Genus Calotes (South Asian Forest Agamas)   Calotes farooqi Pakistani Crested Agama Gowande, Pal, Jablonski, Masroor, Phansalkar, Dsouza, Jayarajan & Shanker 2021 Leviton & Anderson 1970 [as versicolor] Sindaco & Jeremchenko 2008 [as versicolor] Wagner, Bauer, Leviton, Wilms & Boehme 2016 Wermuth 1967 [as versicolor] Genus Laudakia (Asian Rock Agamas)   Laudakia agrorensis Agror Valley Rock Agama Ananjeva & Tuniev 1994 Baig, Wagner, Ananjeva & Boehme 2012 Leviton & Anderson 1970 Sindaco & Jeremchenko 2008 Wagner, Bauer, Leviton, Wilms & Boehme 2016   Laudakia badakhshana Badakhshan Rock Agama Ananjeva & Tuniev 1994 Baig, Wagner, Ananjeva & Boehme 2012 Jablonski, Urosevic, Andjelkovic & Dzukic 2019 Leviton & Anderson 1970 Sindaco & Jeremchenko 2008 Wagner, Bauer, Leviton, Wilms & Boehme 2016   Laudakia caucasia Caucasian Rock Agama Ananjeva & Tuniev 1994 Baig, Wagner, Ananjeva & Boehme 2012 Jablonski, Urosevic, Andjelkovic & Dzukic 2019 Leviton & Anderson 1970 Orlowa in Boehme (ed.) 1981 Sindaco & Jeremchenko 2008 Wagner, Bauer, Leviton, Wilms & Boehme 2016 Wermuth 1967 Yousefkhani, Ficetola, Rastegar-Pouyani, Ananjeva, Rastegar-Pouyani & Masroor 2013   Laudakia erythrogastra Khorasan Rock Agama Ananjeva & Tuniev 1994 Baig, Wagner, Ananjeva & Boehme 2012 Leviton & Anderson 1970 Sindaco & Jeremchenko 2008 Wagner, Bauer, Leviton, Wilms & Boehme 2016   Laudakia himalayana West Himalayan Rock Agama Ananjeva & Tuniev 1994 Baig, Wagner, Ananjeva & Boehme 2012 Leviton & Anderson 1970 Sindaco & Jeremchenko 2008 Wagner, Bauer, Leviton, Wilms & Boehme 2016   Laudakia lehmanni Turkmen Rock Agama Ananjeva & Tuniev 1994 Baig, Wagner, Ananjeva & Boehme 2012 Boehme, Esser & Wagner 2013 Leviton & Anderson 1970 Sindaco & Jeremchenko 2008 Wagner, Bauer, Leviton, Wilms & Boehme 2016   Laudakia melanura Black Rock Agama Baig, Wagner, Ananjeva & Boehme 2012 Sindaco & Jeremchenko 2008 Wagner, Bauer, Leviton, Wilms & Boehme 2016   Laudakia microlepis Small-scaled Rock Agama Ananjeva & Tuniev 1994 Anderson 1999 Baig, Wagner, Ananjeva & Boehme 2012 Sindaco & Jeremchenko 2008 Wagner, Bauer, Leviton, Wilms & Boehme 2016   Laudakia nupta Large-scaled Rock Agama Ananjeva & Tuniev 1994 Baig, Wagner, Ananjeva & Boehme 2012 Leviton & Anderson 1970 Sindaco & Jeremchenko 2008 Wagner, Bauer, Leviton, Wilms & Boehme 2016 Wermuth 1967   Laudakia nuristanica Nuristan Rock Agama Ananjeva & Tuniev 1994 Baig, Wagner, Ananjeva & Boehme 2012 Leviton & Anderson 1970 Sindaco & Jeremchenko 2008 Wagner, Bauer, Leviton, Wilms & Boehme 2016   Laudakia tuberculata Kashmir Rock Agama Ananjeva & Tuniev 1994 Baig, Wagner, Ananjeva & Boehme 2012 Leviton & Anderson 1970 Minton 1966 Sindaco & Jeremchenko 2008 Wagner, Bauer, Leviton, Wilms & Boehme 2016 Wermuth 1967 Genus Phrynocephalus (Toad-headed Agamas)   Phrynocephalus boettgeri Sherabad Toad-headed Agama Anderson 1999 [as P. raddei] Clark 1990 Khosravani, Khani, Oraie & Rasyegar-Pouyani 2014 [as P. raddei] Sindaco & Jeremchenko 2008 [as P. raddei] Wagner, Bauer, Leviton, Wilms & Boehme 2016 [as P. raddei]   Phrynocephalus clarkorum Afghan Toad-headed Agama Leviton & Anderson 1970 Sindaco & Jeremchenko 2008 Wagner, Bauer, Leviton, Wilms & Boehme 2016   Phrynocephalus euptilopus Darband Toad-headed Agama Barabanov & Ananjeva 2007 Leviton & Anderson 1970 Sindaco & Jeremchenko 2008 Wagner, Bauer, Leviton, Wilms & Boehme 2016   Phrynocephalus interscapularis Rose-shouldered Toad-headed Agama Leviton & Anderson 1970 Sindaco & Jeremchenko 2008   Phrynocephalus luteoguttatus Yellow-speckled Toad-headed Agama Barabanov & Ananjeva 2007 Leviton & Anderson 1970 Sindaco & Jeremchenko 2008 Wagner, Bauer, Leviton, Wilms & Boehme 2016   Phrynocephalus maculatus Black-tailed Toad-headed Agama Barabanov & Ananjeva 2007 Leviton & Anderson 1970 Minton 1966 Sindaco & Jeremchenko 2008 Wagner, Bauer, Leviton, Wilms & Boehme 2016   Phrynocephalus mystaceus Bearded Toad-headed Agama Barabanov & Ananjeva 2007 Clark 1990 Jablonski, Regan, Holzheuser, Farooqi, Basit & Masroor 2019 Leviton & Anderson 1970 Sindaco & Jeremchenko 2008 Solovyeva, Dunayev, Nazarov, Radjabizadeh & Poyarkov 2018 Szczerbak 2003 Wagner, Bauer, Leviton, Wilms & Boehme 2016   Phrynocephalus ornatus Southern Striped Toad-headed Agama Barabanov & Ananjeva 2007 Leviton & Anderson 1970 Sindaco & Jeremchenko 2008 Wagner, Bauer, Leviton, Wilms & Boehme 2016   Phrynocephalus scutellatus Grey Toad-headed Agama Barabanov & Ananjeva 2007 Leviton & Anderson 1970 Minton 1966 Sindaco & Jeremchenko 2008 Wagner, Bauer, Leviton, Wilms & Boehme 2016   Phrynocephalus sogdianus Tajik Toad-headed Agama Barabanov & Ananjeva 2007 Clark 1990 Jablonski, Bemmel & Masroor 2021 Sindaco & Jeremchenko 2008 Szczerbak 2003 Wagner, Bauer, Leviton, Wilms & Boehme 2016   Phrynocephalus tickelii - Solovyeva, Dunayev, Nazarov, Bondarenko & Poyarkov 2023 Genus Saara (Eastern Spiny-tailed Agamas)   Saara asmussi Persian Spiny-tailed Agama Leviton & Anderson 1970 Wagner, Bauer, Leviton, Wilms & Boehme 2016 Wilms 2001 Wilms, Boehme, Wagner, Lutzmann & Schmitz 2009   Saara hardwickii Indian Spiny-tailed Agama Leviton & Anderson 1970 Wagner, Bauer, Leviton, Wilms & Boehme 2016 Wilms 2001 Wilms, Boehme, Wagner, Lutzmann & Schmitz 2009 Genus Trapelus (Afro-Asian Ground Agamas)   Trapelus agilis Brilliant Ground Agama Ananjeva, Guo & Wang 2011 Jablonski, Bemmel & Masroor 2021 Jablonski, Regan, Holzheuser, Farooqi, Basit & Masroor 2019 Leviton & Anderson 1970 Minton 1966 Orlowa in Boehme (ed.) 1981 Rastegar-Pouyani 1999 Sindaco & Jeremchenko 2008 Szczerbak 2003 Wagner, Bauer, Leviton, Wilms & Boehme 2016   Trapelus megalonyx Afghan Ground Agama Jablonski, Regan, Holzheuser, Farooqi, Basit & Masroor 2019 Jablonski, Urosevic, Andjelkovic & Dzukic 2019 Leviton & Anderson 1970 [as ruderatus] Rastegar-Pouyani 1998 Rastegar-Pouyani 2000 Sindaco & Jeremchenko 2008 Wagner, Bauer, Leviton, Wilms & Boehme 2016 Wermuth 1967  Family Anguidae (Slowworms, etc.) Genus Pseudopus (Eurasian Glass Lizard)   Pseudopus apodus Eurasian Glass Lizard Leviton & Anderson 1970 Obst in Boehme (ed.) 1981 Sindaco & Jeremchenko 2008 Wagner, Bauer, Leviton, Wilms & Boehme 2016  Family Eublepharidae (Eyelid Geckos) Genus Eublepharis (Southwest Asian Fat-tailed Geckos)   Eublepharis macularius Common Asian Leopard Gecko Leviton & Anderson 1970 Sindaco & Jeremchenko 2008 Szczerbak & Golubev 1996  Family Gekkonidae (Typical Geckos) Genus Agamura (Persian Spider Geckos)   Agamura cruralis Eastern Spider Gecko Leviton & Anderson 1970 [as persica] Sindaco & Jeremchenko 2008 [as persica] Szczerbak & Golubev 1996 [as persica] Wagner, Bauer, Leviton, Wilms & Boehme 2016 [as persica] Wermuth 1965 [as persica] Yousefkhani, Aliabadian, Rastegar-Pouyani & Darvish 2017 Genus Altiphylax (Asian Mountain Pygmy Geckos)   * Altiphylax levitoni Afghan Dwarf Gecko Golubev & Szczerbak 1979 Jablonski, Regan, Holzheuser, Farooqi, Basit & Masroor 2019 Sindaco & Jeremchenko 2008 Szczerbak & Golubev 1996 Wagner, Bauer, Leviton, Wilms & Boehme 2016 Genus Bunopus (South West Asian Tuberculated Geckos)   Bunopus tuberculatus Southern Tuberculated Gecko Leviton & Anderson 1970 Minton 1966 Sindaco & Jeremchenko 2008 Smith 1935 Szczerbak & Golubev 1996 Wagner, Bauer, Leviton, Wilms & Boehme 2016 Wermuth 1965 Genus Crossobamon (Fringe-toed Geckos)   Crossobamon eversmanni Northern Fringe-toed Gecko Clark 1990 Leviton & Anderson 1970 Sindaco & Jeremchenko 2008 Szczerbak & Golubev 1996 Wagner, Bauer, Leviton, Wilms & Boehme 2016 Genus Cyrtopodion (Palearctic Bent-toed Geckos)   Cyrtopodion agamuroides Makran Spider Gecko Jablonski, Regan, Holzheuser, Farooqi, Basit & Masroor 2019 [as "C. agamuroides complex"]   Cyrtopodion scabrum Keeled Rock Gecko Arnold 1986 Jablonski, Regan, Holzheuser, Farooqi, Basit & Masroor 2019 Leviton & Anderson 1970 Szczerbak & Golubev 1996 Wagner, Bauer, Leviton, Wilms & Boehme 2016   Cyrtopodion watsoni Pakistani Thin-toed Gecko Jablonski, Regan, Holzheuser, Farooqi, Basit & Masroor 2019 Leviton & Anderson 1970 Sindaco & Jeremchenko 2008 Szczerbak & Golubev 1996 Wagner, Bauer, Leviton, Wilms & Boehme 2016 Genus Hemidactylus (Half-toed Geckos)   Hemidactylus brookii Spotted Half-toed Gecko Wagner, Bauer, Leviton, Wilms & Boehme 2016 [as "cf. brookii"]   Hemidactylus flaviviridis Yellow-bellied House Gecko Arnold 1986 Leviton & Anderson 1970 Sindaco & Jeremchenko 2008 Wagner, Bauer, Leviton, Wilms & Boehme 2016 Genus Mediodactylus (Mediterranean Bent-toed Geckos)   Mediodactylus spinicauda Spiny-tailed Thin-toed Gecko Wagner, Bauer, Leviton, Wilms & Boehme 2016 [as "aff. spinicaudus"] Genus Tenuidactylus (Central Asian Thin-toed Geckos)   Tenuidactylus caspius Caspian Thin-toed Gecko Clark 1990 Jablonski, Regan, Holzheuser, Farooqi, Basit & Masroor 2019 Leviton & Anderson 1970 Sindaco & Jeremchenko 2008 Szczerbak & Golubev 1996 Szczerbak in Boehme (ed.) 1981 Wagner, Bauer, Leviton, Wilms & Boehme 2016   Tenuidactylus longipes Long-legged Thin-toed Gecko Sindaco & Jeremchenko 2008 Szczerbak & Golubev 1996   Tenuidactylus turcmenicus Turkmen Thin-toed Gecko Clark 1990 Jablonski, Bemmel & Masroor 2021 Jablonski, Urosevic, Andjelkovic & Dzukic 2019 Sindaco & Jeremchenko 2008 Szczerbak & Golubev 1996 Wagner, Bauer, Leviton, Wilms & Boehme 2016   * Tenuidactylus voraginosus Afghan Thin-toed Gecko Clark 1990 Leviton & Anderson 1984 Sindaco & Jeremchenko 2008 Szczerbak & Golubev 1996 Wagner, Bauer, Leviton, Wilms & Boehme 2016  Family Lacertidae (Typical Lizards) Genus Acanthodactylus (Fringe-toed Lizards)   Acanthodactylus blanfordii Makran Fringe-toed Lizard Arnold 1983 Arnold 1986 Salvador 1982 Sindaco & Jeremchenko 2008 Wagner, Bauer, Leviton, Wilms & Boehme 2016   Acanthodactylus cantoris Indian Fringe-toed Lizard Arnold 1983 Leviton & Anderson 1970 Salvador 1982 Sindaco & Jeremchenko 2008 Wagner, Bauer, Leviton, Wilms & Boehme 2016 Genus Eremias (Desert and Steppe Runners)   Eremias acutirostris Lesser Reticulated Desert Runner Leviton & Anderson 1970 Minton 1966 Sindaco & Jeremchenko 2008 Wagner, Bauer, Leviton, Wilms & Boehme 2016   * Eremias afghanistanica Afghan Desert Runner Boehme & Szczerbak 1991 Sindaco & Jeremchenko 2008 Wagner, Bauer, Leviton, Wilms & Boehme 2016   * Eremias aria Jalalabad Desert Runner Leviton & Anderson 1970 Sindaco & Jeremchenko 2008 Wagner, Bauer, Leviton, Wilms & Boehme 2016   Eremias fasciata Kerman Striped Desert Runner Leviton & Anderson 1970 Sindaco & Jeremchenko 2008 Szczerbak 1974 Wagner, Bauer, Leviton, Wilms & Boehme 2016   Eremias grammica Karakumy Reticulated Desert Runner Leviton & Anderson 1970 Sindaco & Jeremchenko 2008 Terentjev & Chernov 1965 [1949] Wagner, Bauer, Leviton, Wilms & Boehme 2016   Eremias intermedia Aral-Caspian Desert Runner Anderson 1999 Leviton & Anderson 1970 Wagner, Bauer, Leviton, Wilms & Boehme 2016   Eremias kakari Balochistan Desert Runner Jablonski & Masroor 2021   Eremias lineolata Khorasan Striped Desert Runner Leviton & Anderson 1970 Sindaco & Jeremchenko 2008 Szczerbak 1974 Terentjev & Chernov 1965 [1949] Wagner, Bauer, Leviton, Wilms & Boehme 2016   Eremias nigrocellata Black-ocellated Desert Runner Jablonski, Bemmel & Masroor 2021 Jablonski, Regan, Holzheuser, Farooqi, Basit & Masroor 2019 Leviton & Anderson 1970 Sindaco & Jeremchenko 2008 Szczerbak 1974 Wagner, Bauer, Leviton, Wilms & Boehme 2016   Eremias persica Persian Desert Runner Jablonski, Regan, Holzheuser, Farooqi, Basit & Masroor 2019 Leviton & Anderson 1970 Leviton, Anderson, Adler & Minton 1992 Sindaco & Jeremchenko 2008 Szczerbak 1974 Wagner, Bauer, Leviton, Wilms & Boehme 2016   Eremias rafiqi Tanishpa Desert Runner Masroor, Khan, Nadeem, Amir, Khisroon & Jablonski 2022   Eremias regeli Tajik Desert Runner Leviton & Anderson 1970 Sindaco & Jeremchenko 2008 Szczerbak 1974 Wagner, Bauer, Leviton, Wilms & Boehme 2016   Eremias scripta Caspian Desert Runner Leviton & Anderson 1970 Sindaco & Jeremchenko 2008 Szczerbak 1974 Terentjev & Chernov 1965 [1949] Wagner, Bauer, Leviton, Wilms & Boehme 2016   Eremias velox Rapid Steppe Runner Clark 1990 Jablonski, Bemmel & Masroor 2021 Leviton & Anderson 1970 Sindaco & Jeremchenko 2008 Szczerbak in Boehme (ed.) 1981 Wagner, Bauer, Leviton, Wilms & Boehme 2016 Genus Mesalina (Afro-Asian Desert Lizards)   Mesalina watsonana Long-tailed Desert Lizard Bischoff 1991 Clark 1990 Jablonski, Regan, Holzheuser, Farooqi, Basit & Masroor 2019 Jablonski, Urosevic, Andjelkovic & Dzukic 2019 Leviton & Anderson 1970 Sindaco & Jeremchenko 2008 Szczerbak 1974 Szczerbak 1975 Wagner, Bauer, Leviton, Wilms & Boehme 2016 Yousefkhani, Marin & Rastegar-Pouyani 2015 Genus Ophisops (Snake-eyed Lizards)   Ophisops jerdonii Punjab Snake-eyed Lizard Leviton & Anderson 1970 Sindaco & Jeremchenko 2008 Wagner, Bauer, Leviton, Wilms & Boehme 2016  Family Scincidae (Skinks) Genus Ablepharus (Eurasian Snake-eyed Skinks)   Ablepharus grayanus Earless Snake-eyed Skink Fuhn 1969 Wagner, Bauer, Leviton, Wilms & Boehme 2016   Ablepharus himalayanus Himalayan Mountain Skink Leviton & Anderson 1970 Wagner, Bauer, Leviton, Wilms & Boehme 2016   * Ablepharus lindbergi Afghan Snake-eyed Skink Anderson 1999 Fuhn 1969 Jablonski, Urosevic, Andjelkovic & Dzukic 2019 Leviton & Anderson 1970 Sindaco & Jeremchenko 2008 Wagner, Bauer, Leviton, Wilms & Boehme 2016   Ablepharus pannonicus Southwest Asian Snake-eyed Skink Grossmann, Kowalski & Schillert 2013 Leviton & Anderson 1970 Wagner, Bauer, Leviton, Wilms & Boehme 2016 Genus Eumeces (Afro-Asian Long-legged Skinks)   Eumeces blythianus Afghan Long-legged Skink Darevsky in Boehme (ed.) 1981 Sindaco & Jeremchenko 2008 Wagner, Bauer, Leviton, Wilms & Boehme 2016   Eumeces zarudnyi Bazman Long-legged Skink Anderson 1999 Arnold 1986 [as princeps] Darevsky in Boehme (ed.) 1981 [as princeps] Leviton & Anderson 1970 [as princeps] Sindaco & Jeremchenko 2008 [as princeps] Wagner, Bauer, Leviton, Wilms & Boehme 2016 Genus Eurylepis (Asian Mole Skinks)   Eurylepis taeniolatus Yellow-bellied Mole Skink Arnold 1986 Jablonski, Urosevic, Andjelkovic & Dzukic 2019 Leviton & Anderson 1970 Sindaco & Jeremchenko 2008 Wagner, Bauer, Leviton, Wilms & Boehme 2016 Genus Eutropis (South Asian Sun Skinks)   Eutropis trivittata Three-striped Sun Skink Amarasinghe, Ganesh, Mirza, Campbell, Pauwels, Schweiger, Kupfer, Patel, Karunarathna, Deuti, Ineich, Hallermann, Abinawantoa & Supriatna 2021 Jablonski, Urosevic, Andjelkovic & Dzukic 2019 [as dissimilis] Leviton & Anderson 1970 [as dissimilis] Sindaco & Jeremchenko 2008 [as dissimilis] Wagner, Bauer, Leviton, Wilms & Boehme 2016 [as dissimilis] Genus Heremites (Western Palearctic Grass Skinks)   Heremites septemtaeniatus Seven-striped Grass Skink Moravec, Franzen & Boehme 2006 Wagner, Bauer, Leviton, Wilms & Boehme 2016 Genus Ophiomorus (South West Asian Snake Skinks)   Ophiomorus tridactylus Southwest Asian Three-toed Snake Skink Anderson & Leviton 1966 Leviton & Anderson 1970 Sindaco & Jeremchenko 2008 Wagner, Bauer, Leviton, Wilms & Boehme 2016  Family Sphaerodactylidae (Least Geckos, etc.) Genus Teratoscincus (Plate-tailed Geckos)   Teratoscincus bedriagai Persian Plate-tailed Gecko Leviton & Anderson 1970 Sindaco & Jeremchenko 2008 Szczerbak & Golubev 1996 Wagner, Bauer, Leviton, Wilms & Boehme 2016   Teratoscincus keyserlingii Southwestern Plate-tailed Gecko Clark 1990 Sindaco & Jeremchenko 2008 Szczerbak & Golubev 1996 Wagner, Bauer, Leviton, Wilms & Boehme 2016 Zwanzig & Grossmann 2015   Teratoscincus microlepis Balochistan Plate-tailed Gecko Anderson 1999 Leviton & Anderson 1970 Sindaco & Jeremchenko 2008 Wagner, Bauer, Leviton, Wilms & Boehme 2016   Teratoscincus scincus Central Asian Plate-tailed Gecko Clark 1990 Leviton & Anderson 1970 Wagner, Bauer, Leviton, Wilms & Boehme 2016  Family Varanidae (Monitor Lizards) Genus Varanus (Monitor Lizards)   Varanus bengalensis Bengal Monitor Auffenberg 1994 Boehme 2003 Leviton & Anderson 1970 Mertens 1963 Sindaco & Jeremchenko 2008 Wagner, Bauer, Leviton, Wilms & Boehme 2016   Varanus griseus Desert Monitor Clark 1990 Leviton & Anderson 1970 Sindaco & Jeremchenko 2008 Wagner, Bauer, Leviton, Wilms & Boehme 2016

	Snakes (Serpentes)
	= endemicEX = extinct or assumed extinct Species References  Family Boidae (Typical Boas) Genus Eryx (Sand Boas)   Eryx elegans Slender Sand Boa Kluge 1993 Leviton & Anderson 1970 McDiarmid, Campbell & Toure 1999 Sindaco, Venchi & Grieco 2013 Stimson 1969 Wagner, Bauer, Leviton, Wilms & Boehme 2016   Eryx tataricus Tatary Sand Boa Jablonski, Bemmel & Masroor 2021 Leviton & Anderson 1970 Sindaco, Venchi & Grieco 2013 Wagner, Bauer, Leviton, Wilms & Boehme 2016 Zhao & Adler 1993  Family Colubridae (Typical Snakes or Colubrids) Genus Boiga (Australasian Cat Snakes)   Boiga trigonata Western Gamma Cat Snake Leviton & Anderson 1970 Orlov & Ryabov 2002 Sindaco, Venchi & Grieco 2013 Wagner, Bauer, Leviton, Wilms & Boehme 2016 Genus Eirenis (Middle Eastern Dwarf Snakes)   Eirenis walteri Northern Dwarf Snake Gruber 1989 [as persicus] Leviton, Anderson, Adler & Minton 1992 [as persicus] Mahlow, Tillack, Schmidtler & Muller 2013 [as persicus] Rajabizadeh, Nagy, Adriaens, Avci, Masroor, Schmidtler, Nazarov, Esmaeili & Christiaens 2015 Sindaco, Venchi & Grieco 2013 [as persicus] Genus Elaphe (Palearctic-Oriental Rat Snakes)   Elaphe dione Dione Rat Snake Jablonski, Bemmel & Masroor 2021 Leviton & Anderson 1970 Schulz 1996 Sindaco, Venchi & Grieco 2013 Wagner, Bauer, Leviton, Wilms & Boehme 2016 Zhao & Adler 1993 Genus Fowlea (Fishing Keelbacks)   Fowlea piscator Checkered Keelback Leviton & Anderson 1970 Sindaco, Venchi & Grieco 2013 Vogel & David 2012 Wagner, Bauer, Leviton, Wilms & Boehme 2016 Genus Hemorrhois (Palearctic Whip Snakes)   Hemorrhois ravergieri Mountain Whip Snake Boehme in Boehme (ed.) 1993 Jablonski, Bemmel & Masroor 2021 Jablonski, Regan, Holzheuser, Farooqi, Basit & Masroor 2019 Leviton & Anderson 1970 Sindaco, Venchi & Grieco 2013 Wagner, Bauer, Leviton, Wilms & Boehme 2016 Zhao & Adler 1993 Genus Lytorhynchus (Awl-headed Snakes)   Lytorhynchus maynardi Balochistan Awl-headed Snake Leviton & Anderson 1970 Sindaco, Venchi & Grieco 2013 Wagner, Bauer, Leviton, Wilms & Boehme 2016   Lytorhynchus ridgewayi Afghan Awl-headed Snake Leviton & Anderson 1970 Leviton, Anderson, Adler & Minton 1992 Minton 1966 Sindaco, Venchi & Grieco 2013 Wagner, Bauer, Leviton, Wilms & Boehme 2016 Genus Natrix (Eurasian Keelbacks)   Natrix tessellata Dice Snake Gasperetti 1988 Jablonski, Bemmel & Masroor 2021 Leviton & Anderson 1970 Sindaco, Venchi & Grieco 2013 Wagner, Bauer, Leviton, Wilms & Boehme 2016 Zhao & Adler 1993 Genus Oligodon (Kukri Snakes)   Oligodon taeniolatus Variegated Kukri Snake Sindaco, Venchi & Grieco 2013 Wagner, Bauer, Leviton, Wilms & Boehme 2016 Genus Platyceps (Flat-headed Whip Snakes)   Platyceps karelini Spotted Desert Whip Snake Gasperetti 1988 Jablonski, Regan, Holzheuser, Farooqi, Basit & Masroor 2019 Leviton & Anderson 1970 Schatti, Kucharzewski, Masroor & Rastegar-Pouyani 2012 Sindaco, Venchi & Grieco 2013 Wagner, Bauer, Leviton, Wilms & Boehme 2016   Platyceps mintonorum Chagai Whip Snake Schatti & Stutz 2005 Sindaco, Venchi & Grieco 2013 Wagner, Bauer, Leviton, Wilms & Boehme 2016   Platyceps rhodorachis Wadi Whip Snake Gasperetti 1988 Gruber 1989 Jablonski, Bemmel & Masroor 2021 Jablonski, Regan, Holzheuser, Farooqi, Basit & Masroor 2019 Leviton & Anderson 1970 Leviton, Anderson, Adler & Minton 1992 Schatti, Tillack & Kucharzewski 2014 Sindaco, Venchi & Grieco 2013 Wagner, Bauer, Leviton, Wilms & Boehme 2016   Platyceps ventromaculatus Spotted Whip Snake Jablonski, Basit, Farooqi & Masroor 2022 Genus Ptyas (Giant Rat Snakes and Oriental Green Snakes)   Ptyas mucosa Common Oriental Rat Snake Jablonski, Regan, Holzheuser, Farooqi, Basit & Masroor 2019 Leviton & Anderson 1970 Nanhoe & Ouboter 1987 Sindaco, Venchi & Grieco 2013 Wagner, Bauer, Leviton, Wilms & Boehme 2016 Zhao & Adler 1993 Genus Spalerosophis (Diadem Snakes)   Spalerosophis diadema Common Diadem Snake Baig & Masroor 2008 Jablonski, Regan, Holzheuser, Farooqi, Basit & Masroor 2019 Wagner, Bauer, Leviton, Wilms & Boehme 2016 Genus Telescopus (Afro-Asian Cat Snakes)   Telescopus rhinopoma Persian Cat Snake Boehme 1977 Jablonski & Masroor 2019 Leviton, Anderson, Adler & Minton 1992 Sindaco, Venchi & Grieco 2013 Wagner, Bauer, Leviton, Wilms & Boehme 2016  Family Elapidae [part 1: terrestrial species] (Cobras, Mambas, etc.) Genus Bungarus (Kraits)   Bungarus sindanus Sind Krait Kral 1969 [as caeruleus] Kuch 2004 Sindaco, Venchi & Grieco 2013 [as caeruleus] Wagner, Bauer, Leviton, Wilms & Boehme 2016 Genus Naja (Typical Cobras)   Naja oxiana Central Asian Cobra David & Ineich 1999 Jablonski, Bemmel & Masroor 2021 Leviton & Anderson 1970 Minton 1966 Sindaco, Venchi & Grieco 2013 Wagner, Bauer, Leviton, Wilms & Boehme 2016 Wuster & Thorpe 1992 Wuster 1998  Family Lamprophiidae (House Snakes, etc.) Genus Psammophis (Old World Sand Snakes and Grass Snakes)   Psammophis leithii Pakistani Sand Snake Kral 1969 Sindaco, Venchi & Grieco 2013 Wagner, Bauer, Leviton, Wilms & Boehme 2016   Psammophis lineolatus Steppe Sand Snake Jablonski, Bemmel & Masroor 2021 Leviton & Anderson 1970 Sindaco, Venchi & Grieco 2013 Wagner, Bauer, Leviton, Wilms & Boehme 2016 Zhao & Adler 1993   Psammophis schokari Arabian Sand Snake Jablonski, Regan, Holzheuser, Farooqi, Basit & Masroor 2019 Leviton & Anderson 1970 Sindaco, Venchi & Grieco 2013 Wagner, Bauer, Leviton, Wilms & Boehme 2016  Family Leptotyphlopidae (Thread Snakes) Genus Myriopholis (Many-scaled Thread Snakes)   Myriopholis blanfordii Sind Thread Snake Hahn 1978 Hahn 1980 Leviton & Anderson 1970 McDiarmid, Campbell & Toure 1999 Sindaco, Venchi & Grieco 2013 Wagner, Bauer, Leviton, Wilms & Boehme 2016  Family Typhlopidae (Typical Blind Snakes) Genus Xerotyphlops (Desert Blind Snakes)   Xerotyphlops vermicularis European Worm Snake Grillitsch & Grillitsch in Boehme (ed.) 1993 Hahn 1980 Jablonski, Bemmel & Masroor 2021 Leviton & Anderson 1970 Sindaco, Venchi & Grieco 2013 Wagner, Bauer, Leviton, Wilms & Boehme 2016  Family Viperidae (Vipers) Genus Echis (Carpet Vipers)   Echis carinatus Common Carpet Viper Auffenberg & Rehman 1991 Jablonski, Regan, Holzheuser, Farooqi, Basit & Masroor 2019 Leviton & Anderson 1970 Sindaco, Venchi & Grieco 2013 Wagner, Bauer, Leviton, Wilms & Boehme 2016 Genus Eristicophis (Leaf-nosed Viper)   Eristicophis macmahonii Leaf-nosed Viper Leviton & Anderson 1970 Sindaco, Venchi & Grieco 2013 Wagner, Bauer, Leviton, Wilms & Boehme 2016 Genus Gloydius (Mamushis)   Gloydius caucasicus Caucasian Mamushi Asadi, Montgelard, Nazarizadeh, Moghaddasi, Fatemizadeh, Simonov, Kami & Kaboli 2019 Dirksen & Boehme 2005 Gloyd & Conant 1990 Gumprecht, Tillack, Orlov, Captain & Ryabov 2004 Sindaco, Venchi & Grieco 2013 Wagner, Bauer, Leviton, Wilms & Boehme 2016   Gloydius halys Central Asian Mamushi David & Vogel 2010 Dirksen & Boehme 2005 Gloyd & Conant 1990 Gumprecht, Tillack, Orlov, Captain & Ryabov 2004 Leviton & Anderson 1970 Sindaco, Venchi & Grieco 2013 Wagner, Bauer, Leviton, Wilms & Boehme 2016 Genus Macrovipera (Giant Vipers)   Macrovipera lebetinus Blunt-nosed Viper David & Ineich 1999 Leviton & Anderson 1970 McDiarmid, Campbell & Toure 1999 Minton 1966 Sindaco, Venchi & Grieco 2013 Wagner, Bauer, Leviton, Wilms & Boehme 2016

	Turtles (Testudines)
	= endemicEX = extinct or assumed extinct Species References  Family Testudinidae (Tortoises) Genus Testudo (Palearctic Tortoises)   Testudo horsfieldii Steppe Tortoise Fritz & Havas 2006 Iverson 1992 Jablonski, Bemmel & Masroor 2021 Jablonski, Regan, Holzheuser, Farooqi, Basit & Masroor 2019 King & Burke 1989 Leviton & Anderson 1970 Rhodin, Iverson, Bour, Fritz, Georges, Shaffer & Dijk 2021 Wagner, Bauer, Leviton, Wilms & Boehme 2016 Wermuth & Mertens 1977  Family Trionychidae (Softshell Turtles) Genus Nilssonia (South Asian Softshell Turtles)   Nilssonia gangetica Ganges Softshell Turtle King & Burke 1989 Rhodin, Iverson, Bour, Fritz, Georges, Shaffer & Dijk 2021 Wagner, Bauer, Leviton, Wilms & Boehme 2016 Wermuth & Mertens 1977