Citation: Midtgaard, Rune. RepFocus - A Survey of the Reptiles of the World. (www.repfocus.dk).
Latest update:
July 16th, 2024.
 
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Genus
Trapelus
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Afro-Asian Ground Agamas, Plain Agamas
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Wüstenagamen
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Afro-Asiatiske Ørkenagamer
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1817 |  |
Trapelus Cuvier (type species: Agama mutabilis Merrem 1820) |
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1843 | |
Eremioplanis Fitzinger (type species: Trapelus aegyptius Duvernoy in Cuvier 1848; syn. Wermuth 1967) |
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1843 | |
Planodes Fitzinger [not Planodes Newman 1842 (Insecta: Coleoptera)] (type species: Agama agilis Olivier 1804; syn. Wermuth 1967) |
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1843 | |
Trapeloidis Fitzinger (type species: Lacerta sanguinolenta Pallas 1814; syn. Wermuth 1967) |
Contents:
12 species, of which 1 (8.3%) is endemic.
Endemism: 0%  100%
Remarks:
Previously included in the genus Agama (e.g., Wermuth 1967).
Distribution:
N. Africa, Middle East, C. Asia.
Reported from:
Afghanistan,
Algeria,
Azerbaijan,
Bahrain,
Chad,
China
(Xinjiang),
Djibouti,
Egypt
(incl.
Sinai),
India
(Gujarat,
Rajasthan),
Iran,
Iraq,
Israel,
Jordan,
Kazakhstan,
Kuwait,
Kyrgyzstan,
Lebanon,
Libya,
Mali,
Mauritania,
Morocco,
Niger,
Oman,
Pakistan,
Qatar,
Russia,
Saudi Arabia,
Sudan,
Syria,
Tajikistan,
Tunisia,
Turkey,
Turkmenistan,
United Arab Emirates,
Uzbekistan,
Western Sahara,
Yemen.
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Trapelus agilis
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Brilliant Ground Agama, Brilliant Agama, Slender Agama, Common Field Agama, (Desert Agama)
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Schlankagame, Steppenagame (sanguinolentus)
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Pragt-ørkenagam, Steppeagam (sanguinolentus)
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1804 | |
Agama agilis Olivier |
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Agama inermis agilis Doumergue 1901 |
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Trapelus agilis Moody 1980 |
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1814 | |
Lacerta sanguinolenta Pallas |
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Agama sanguinolenta Dvigubsky 1832 |
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Trapelus sanguinolentus Eichwald 1841 |
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Podorrhoa sanguinolenta Fitzinger 1943 |
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Agama agilis sanguinolenta Wettstein 1951 |
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Trapelus agilis sanguinolentus Sindaco & Jeremchenko 2008 |
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1823 | |
Agama aralensis Lichtenstein (Rastegar-Pouyani 1998) |
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Trapelus sanguinolentus aralensis Tuniyev, Dusej & Flärd 1999 |
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1831 | |
Agama oxiana Eichwald (syn. of sanguinolentus, fide Wermuth 1967) |
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1885 | |
Agama isolepis Boulenger (Rastegar-Pouyani 1998) |
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Agama agilis isolepis Boulenger 1885 |
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1899 | |
Agama kirmanensis Nikolsky (Rastegar-Pouyani 1998) |
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1907 | |
Agama kirmanensis var. brevicauda Nikolsky (Rastegar-Pouyani 1998) |
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2000 | |
Trapelus agilis khuzistanensis Rastegar-Pouyani |
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2000 | |
Trapelus agilis pakistanensis Rastegar-Pouyani |
Other common names:
khuzistanensis: Khuzistan Ground Agama
pakistanensis: Pakistan Ground Agama
sanguinolentus: Steppe Agama
Remarks:
Taxonomically a disputed species, which traditionally has been divided into three subspecies (agilis, isolepis, sanguinolentus) added by two more,
recently described, subspecies (khuzistanensis, pakistanensis).
Some authors have regarded the first three forms as separate species (e.g., Ananjeva 1981; Ananjeva, Guo & Wang 2011;
Ananjeva, Orlov, Khalikov, Darevsky, Ryabov & Barabanov 2006; Ananjeva & Tsaruk 1987; Boulenger 1885; Glandt 2010; Moody 1980; Nikolsky 1915; Szczerbak 2003;
Zhao & Adler 1993; Wagner, Bauer, Leviton, Wilms & Böhme 2016; Kamali 2020).
Four subspecies are currently considered valid (agilis, khuzistanensis, pakistanensis, sanguinolentus), while isolepis is regarded
as a synonym of the subspecies agilis (Rastegar-Pouyani 1999, 2000; Rastegar-Pouyani, Kami, Rajabzadeh, Shafiei & Anderson 2008).
The type locality given by Olivier (1804) as the vicinity of Baghdad, Iraq, is regarded as erroneous, since there has been no reliable records from Iraq since then
(Rastegar-Pouyani 1999).
Arabian records of agilis are apparently based on misidentified flavimaculatus or persicus (Arnold 1986; Leviton, Anderson, Adler & Minton 1992).
According to Anderson (1999), Schmidt's (1953) record from Yemen [as isolepis] is based on a misidentified Pseudotrapelus sinaitus, which
following current taxonomy corresponds to
Pseudotrapelus neumanni, the only member of this genus found in Yemen.
Distribution:
Afghanistan,
China
(Xinjiang),
India
(Gujarat,
Rajasthan),
Iran,
Kazakhstan,
Kyrgyzstan,
Pakistan,
Russia,
Tajikistan,
Turkmenistan,
Uzbekistan.
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Trapelus agnetae
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North Arabian Plain Agama, (Desert Agama)
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Nordarabische Wüstenagame
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Nordarabisk Ørkenagam
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1929 | |
Agama agnetae Werner |
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Trapelus pallidus agnetae Disi, Modrý, Necas & Rifai 2001 |
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Trapelus agnetae Wagner, Melville, Wilms & Schmitz 2011 |
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1971 | |
Agama pallida haasi Werner (Wagner, Melville, Wilms & Schmitz 2011) |
Remarks:
Revalidated as a separate species by Wagner, Melville, Wilms & Schmitz (2011), but still treated as a subspecies of pallidus by some authors
(e.g., Werner 2016).
Distribution:
Iraq,
Jordan,
Kuwait,
Saudi Arabia,
Syria.
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Trapelus boehmei
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Moroccan Plain Agama
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Marokkanische Wüstenagame
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Marokkansk Ørkenagam
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2011 | |
Trapelus boehmei Wagner, Melville, Wilms & Schmitz |
Distribution:
Algeria,
Mauritania,
Morocco,
Western Sahara.
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Trapelus flavimaculatus
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Yellow-spotted Agama, Blue-headed Agama
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Gelbfleckiger Wüstenagame
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Gulplettet Ørkenagam
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1835 | |
Trapelus flavimaculatus Rüppell |
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Agama flavimaculata Rüppell 1845 |
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1896 | |
Agama jayakari Anderson (Arnold 1980, 1986) |
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Trapelus jayakari Aloufi, Amr, Baker & Hamidan 2019 |
Remarks:
Reports from Egypt (e.g., Saleh 1997) refer to savignii (Baha el Din 2006).
Saleh (1997) synonymized flavimaculatus with savignii, but without discussion.
Wagner & Böhme (2007) rejected the synonymization.
Aloufi, Amr, Baker & Hamidan (2019) regarded Trapelus jayakari as a separate species, but without discussion.
Presence in Kuwait, although reported by Sindaco & Jeremchenko (2008), is regarded as doubtful herein, following Amr, Alenezi, Al-Sayegh & Baker (2021),
who did not include the species for the country.
Distribution:
Bahrain,
Oman,
Qatar,
Saudi Arabia,
United Arab Emirates,
Yemen.
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Trapelus megalonyx
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Afghan Ground Agama, Ocellate Ground Agama
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Afghanische Wüstenagame
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Afghansk Ørkenagam
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1864 | |
Trapelus megalonyx Günther |
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Agama megalonyx Boulenger 1885 |
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1935 | |
Agama ruderata baluchiana Smith (Rastegar-Pouyani 2000) |
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Trapelus ruderatus baluchiana Rastegar-Pouyani 1998 |
Other common names:
baluchianus: Baluch Ground Agama
Remarks:
A taxon with a history of confusion, previously regarded as either a synonym or subspecies of ruderatus, or as a separate species. Revalidated by Rastegar-Pouyani (2000).
Distribution:
Afghanistan,
Pakistan.
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Trapelus mutabilis
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North African Desert Agama, Changeable Agama
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Nordafrikanische Wüstenagame
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Nordafrikansk Ørkenagam
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1820 | |
Agama mutabilis Merrem |
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Trapelus mutabilis Wagler 1830 |
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1823 | |
Agama deserti Lichtenstein (Barts & Wilms 1997) |
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1833 | |
Agama gularis Reuss (Barts & Wilms 1997) |
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1833 | |
Agama inermis Reuss (Barts & Wilms 1997) |
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1833 | |
Agama leucostygma Reuss (Barts & Wilms 1997) |
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1833 | |
Agama loricata Reuss (Barts & Wilms 1997) |
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1833 | |
Agama nigrofasciata Reuss (Barts & Wilms 1997) |
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1833 | |
Agama pallida Reuss (Wagner, Melville, Wilms & Schmitz 2011) |
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Agama ruderata pallida Wettstein 1928 |
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Agama mutabilis pallida Mertens 1967 |
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Trapelus pallidus Leviton, Anderson, Adler & Minton 1992 |
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Trapelus mutabilis pallidus Wagner, Melville, Wilms & Schmitz 2011 |
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1848 | |
Trapelus aegyptius Duvernoy in Cuvier (Barts & Wilms 1997) |
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1885 | |
Agama latastii Boulenger (Barts & Wilms 1997) |
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1893 | |
Agama aspera Werner (Barts & Wilms 1997) |
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2011 | |
Trapelus mutabilis poppeki Wagner, Melville, Wilms & Schmitz |
Other common names:
pallidus: Pale Agama, Pallid Agama
Remarks:
Many authors have regarded mutabilis and pallidus as separate species, more or less provisionally (e.g., Leviton, Anderson, Adler & Minton 1992;
Schleich, Kästle & Kabish 1996; Baha el Din 2006; Sindaco & Jeremchenko 2008; Werner 2016), although some authors (e.g., Pasteur & Bons 1960, Wermuth 1967) have
regarded pallidus as a synonym or subspecies of mutabilis.
The two forms are here considered subspecies of mutabilis, following Wagner, Melville, Wilms & Schmitz (2011).
The ranges of the two forms are separated by the Nile, with mutabilis found to the west, and pallidus to the east
(Leviton, Anderson, Adler & Minton 1992; Baha el Din 2006; Wagner & Böhme 2007).
Records from east of Amman (Jordan) refer to agnetae, previous regarded as a synonym of pallidus.
Both species occur in Jordan, with pallidus reaching the eastern limit of its distribution south of the Dead Sea in the Arabah (=Arava) Valley, which forms
part of the border between Israel and Jordan (Disi, Modry, Necas & Rifai 2001).
Previously included the populations now assigned to boehmei.
Moroccan records refer to boehmei (Damas-Moreira, Tome, Harris, Maia & Salvi 2014), and this is presumably also the case with Mauritanian and Western Saharan records, which are treated as such herein.
Whether mutabilis is present in Algeria seems unclear, since at least some records represent boehmei, but old records of mutabilis are
provisionally retained as this species herein.
Not listed for Algeria by Rouag, Ziane & Sousa (2024).
Distribution:
Algeria,
Chad,
Djibouti,
Egypt
(incl.
Sinai),
Jordan,
Libya,
Mali,
Niger,
Sudan,
Tunisia.
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Trapelus persicus
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Persian Ground Agama, Persian Agama
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Persische Wüstenagame
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Persisk Ørkenagam
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1881 | |
Agama persica Blanford [not Stellio persicus Anderson 1872] (Arnold 1986) |
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Trapelus persicus Leviton, Anderson, Adler & Minton 1992 |
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1966 | |
Agama blanfordi Anderson [substitute name for Agama persica Blanford 1881] (Rastegar-Pouyani 1998) |
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1969 | |
Agama persica fieldi Haas & Werner |
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Agama blanfordi fieldi Werner 1971 |
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Trapelus fieldi Disi 2011 |
Remarks:
Taxonomic history confused. See remarks under ruderatus. Regarded as conspecific with agilis by Anderson (1966). Disi (2011) treated fieldi as a separate species.
Distribution:
Iran,
Iraq,
Jordan,
Kuwait,
Saudi Arabia,
Syria.
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Trapelus rubrigularis
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Red-throated Ground Agama, Red-throated Agama
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Rotkehl-Wüstenagame
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Rødstrubet Ørkenagam
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1875 | |
Trapelus rubrigularis Blanford |
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Agama rubrigularis Boulenger 1885 |
Distribution:
Pakistan.
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Trapelus ruderatus
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Horny-scaled Agama, Spotted Ground Agama, Syrian Agama, (Olivier's Agama)
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Rauhschuppen-Wüstenagame
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Ruskællet Ørkenagam
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1804 | |
Agama ruderata Olivier |
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Trapelus ruderatus Anderson 1872 |
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1865 | |
Agama lessonae De Filippi (Rastegar-Pouyani 1998) |
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Trapelus lessonae Hraoui-Bloquet, Sadek, Sindaco & Venchi 2002 |
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1895 | |
Agama microtympanum Werner (Rastegar-Pouyani 1998) |
Other common names:
lessonae: Lesson's Agama
Remarks:
Previously included megalonyx.
According to Rastegar-Pouyani (2000), the type specimen of ruderatus is a subadult persicus, for which reason he applied the next available name, lessonae,
to the species traditionally known as ruderatus, and the name ruderatus to the species traditionally known as persicus (ruderatus has priority over persicus).
Although some authors have followed this arrangement (e.g., Hraoui-Bloquet, Sadek, Sindaco & Venchi 2002; Rastegar-Pouyani, Kami, Rajabzadeh, Shafiei & Anderson 2008),
others have rejected it in order not to destabilize traditional taxonomy (e.g., Anderson 1999; Disi 2011; Ananjeva, David, Barabanov & Dubois 2013; Safaei-Mahroo & al. 2015).
The traditional taxonomy is followed herein.
A single record from Saudi Arabia (Anderson 1896) probably refers to T. pallidus haasi (Arnold 1986).
Sindaco, Venchi, Carpaneto & Bologna (2000) included Israel in the distribution of ruderatus, however, it was not listed by Bouskila (2004).
Distribution:
Azerbaijan,
Iran,
Iraq,
Jordan,
Lebanon,
Syria,
Turkey.
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Trapelus savignii
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Egyptian Sand Agama, (Savigny's Agama)
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Ägyptische Wüstenagame
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Ægyptisk Ørkenagam
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1837 | |
Agama savignii Dumeril & Bibron |
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Phrynopsis savignyi Fitzinger 1843 [substitute name for Agama savignii Duméril & Bibron 1837] |
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Trapelus savignii Moody 1981 |
Remarks:
For unknown reasons, Saleh (1997) synonymized savignii with flavimaculatus. His inclusion of the latter species in the fauna of Egypt must be referred to savignii (Baha el Din 2006).
Distribution:
Egypt
(incl.
Sinai),
Israel.
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Trapelus savignii
© Henrik Bringsøe
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Trapelus schmitzi
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Chadian Plain Agama, (Schmitz' Agama)
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Tschadische Wüstenagame
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Tchadisk Ørkenagam
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2007 | |
Trapelus schmitzi Wagner & Böhme |
Remarks:
Not mentioned for Algeria by Beddek (2017) or by Rouag & Ziane (2023).
Distribution:
Algeria,
Chad.
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Trapelus tournevillei
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Dune Agama, Erg Agama
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Dünenagame, Gescheckte Agame
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Klitagam
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1880 | |
Agama tournevillei Lataste |
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Agama flavimaculata tournevillei Pasteur & Bons 1960 |
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Trapelus tournevillei Moody 1981 |
Distribution:
Algeria,
Tunisia.
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