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Citation: Midtgaard, Rune. RepFocus - A Survey of the Reptiles of the World. (www.repfocus.dk).
Latest update: December 31st, 2022.


Taxonomy of the family Leptotyphlopidae
Bibliography of the genus Trilepida
Biodiversity of the family Leptotyphlopidae








Genus
Trilepida

Three-scaled Thread Snakes

Dreischuppen-Fadenschlangen

Treskællede Trådslanger

2011 Trilepida Hedges (type species: Stenostoma macrolepis Peters 1858)
Contents: 16 species, of which 14 (87.5%) are endemic.
Endemism: 0% 100%
Remarks: Includes the species affinis, formerly assigned to the genus Rena, and the species acutirostris, formerly assigned to the genus Siagonodon. For a short period, the genus name Tricheilostoma was used for the species now placed in Trilepida, until Hedges (2011) resolved the taxonomic confusion regarding the type species of the former genus. Tricheilostoma is now used for the African species previously assigned to Guinea (a preoccupied, thus unavailable name for these species).
Distribution: S. Central America, N. South America.
Reported from: Brazil (Amazonas, Bahia, Ceara, Distrito Federal, Espirito Santo, Goias, Maranhao, Mato Grosso, Mato Grosso do Sul, Minas Gerais, Para, Paraiba, Pernambuco, Piaui, Rio de Janeiro, Rondonia, Roraima, Sao Paulo, Tocantins), Colombia, Ecuador, French Guiana, Guyana, Panama, Surinam, Venezuela.

Trilepida acutirostris

Brazilian Sharp-nosed Thread Snake

Brasilianische Spitznasen-Fadenschlange

Brasiliansk Spidssnudet Trådslange

2011 Siagonodon acutirostris Pinto & Curcio
Trilepida acutirostris Martins, Folly, Ferreira, Garcia da Silva, Koch, Fouquet, Machado, Lopes, Pinto, Rodrigues & Passos 2023

Distribution: Brazil (Tocantins).


Trilepida affinis

Venezuela Thread Snake

Venezuelanische Fadenschlange

Venezuelansk Trådslange

1884 Stenostoma affine Boulenger
Glauconia affinis Boulenger 1893
Leptotyphlops affinis Amaral 1929
Rena affinis Adalsteinsson, Branch, Trape, Vitt & Hedges 2009
Trilepida affinis Mumaw, González & Fernández 2015

Remarks: Previously assigned to the genus Rena (e.g., Adalsteinsson, Branch, Trape, Vitt & Hedges 2009). Wallach, Williams & Boundy (2014) listed this taxon as a synonym of Trilepida macrolepis, based on Pinto (2010), however, the authors omitted this reference in their literature list, so the synonymization has not been verifiable. It is now regarded as a valid species (e.g., Mumaw, González & Fernández 2015; Pinto & Fernandes 2017). The type specimen was collected in Tachira state in Venezuela, but the exact locality is unknown (Pinto & Fernandes 2017). The range map shows the approximate location.
Distribution: Venezuela.


Trilepida anthracina

Ecuadorian Thread Snake, Ecuadorian Lowland Thread Snake

Ecuadorianische Fadenschlange

Ecuadoriansk Trådslange

1946 Leptotyphlops anthracinus Bailey
Tricheilostoma anthracinum Adalsteinsson, Branch, Trape, Vitt & Hedges 2009
Trilepida anthracina Hedges 2011

Distribution: Ecuador.


Trilepida brasiliensis

Bahia Thread Snake, Brazilian Thread Snake

Bahia-Fadenschlange

Bahia-trådslange

1949 Leptotyphlops brasiliensis Laurent
Siagonodon brasiliensis Adalsteinsson, Branch, Trape, Vitt & Hedges 2009
Tricheilostoma brasiliensis Pinto & Curcio 2011
Trilepida brasiliensis Hedges 2011

Remarks: A record from Pernambuco (Cordeira & Hoge 1974) was based on a misidentified borapeliotes (Curcio, Zaher & Rodrigues 2002).
Distribution: Brazil (Bahia, Ceara, Goias, Maranhao, Mato Grosso, Mato Grosso do Sul, Minas Gerais, Piaui, Tocantins).


Trilepida brevissima

Caqueta Thread Snake

Caqueta-Fadenschlange

Caqueta-trådslange

1964 Leptotyphlops brevissimus Shreve
Tricheilostoma brevissimum Adalsteinsson, Branch, Trape, Vitt & Hedges 2009
Trilepida brevissima Hedges 2011

Distribution: Colombia.


Trilepida dimidiata

Dainty Thread Snake, Rupununi Savana Thread Snake

Rupununi-Fadenschlange

Rupununi-trådslange

1861 Stenostoma dimidiatum Jan
Glauconia dimidiata Boulenger 1893
Leptotyphlops dimidiata Amaral 1929
Rena dimidiata Adalsteinsson, Branch, Trape, Vitt & Hedges 2009
Tricheilostoma dimidiata Pinto & Fernandes 2012
Trilepida dimidiata (new combination, this work)

Remarks: When they moved dimidiata from Rena to Tricheilostoma, Pinto & Fernandes (2012) were apparently unaware of Hedges' (2011) reassignment to Trilepida of all South American species previously placed in Tricheilostoma. The latter genus is now restricted to African species. Records from Minas Gerais (e.g., Silveira, Pires & Cotta 2004; Passos, Caramaschi & Pinto 2006; São-Pedro & Pires 2009) refer to jani (Pinto & Fernandes 2012).
Distribution: Brazil (Roraima), Guyana, Surinam.


Trilepida dugandi

Junamina Thread Snake

Junamina-Fadenschlange

Junamina-trådslange

1944 Leptotyphlops dugandi Dunn
Tricheilostoma dugandi Adalsteinsson, Branch, Trape, Vitt & Hedges 2009
Trilepida dugandi Hedges 2011

Distribution: Colombia.


Trilepida fuliginosa

Preto River Thread Snake

Preto-Fadenschlange

Preto-trådslange

2006 Leptotyphlops fuliginosus Passos, Caramaschi & Pinto
Tricheilostoma fuliginosum Adalsteinsson, Branch, Trape, Vitt & Hedges 2009
Trilepida fuliginosa Hedges 2011

Remarks: Before its description, this species was reported by some authors (e.g., Nogueira 2001; Souza & Silva 2002) as koppesi (Passos, Caramaschi & Pinto 2006).
Distribution: Brazil (Bahia, Goias, Maranhao, Mato Grosso, Minas Gerais, Para, Tocantins).


Trilepida guayaquilensis

Guayaquil Thread Snake

Guayaquil-Fadenschlange

Guayaquil-trådslange

1970 Leptotyphlops guayaquilensis Orejas-Miranda & Peters
Tricheilostoma guayaquilensis Adalsteinsson, Branch, Trape, Vitt & Hedges 2009
Trilepida guayaquilensis Hedges 2011

Distribution: Ecuador.


Trilepida jani

Espinhaço Mountains Thread Snake

Espinhaço-Fadenschlange

Espinhaço-trådslange

2012 Tricheilostoma jani Pinto & Fernandes
Trilepida jani (new combination, this work)

Remarks: In describing this new species, the authors were apparently unaware of Hedges' (2011) reassignment to Trilepida of all South American species previously placed in Tricheilostoma. See remarks above (under the genus).
Distribution: Brazil (Minas Gerais).


Trilepida joshuai

Jericó Thread Snake

Jericó-Fadenschlange

Jericó-trådslange

1944 Leptotyphlops joshuai Dunn
Tricheilostoma joshuai Adalsteinsson, Branch, Trape, Vitt & Hedges 2009
Trilepida joshuai Hedges 2011

Remarks: Records from Panama (e.g., Perez-Santos, Moreno & Gearhart 1993) refer to macrolepis (Solís, Ibáñez & Jaramillo 1996).
Distribution: Colombia.


Trilepida koppesi

Terenos Thread Snake

Terenos-Fadenschlange

Terenos-trådslange

1955 Leptotyphlops koppesi Amaral
Tricheilostoma koppesi Adalsteinsson, Branch, Trape, Vitt & Hedges 2009
Trilepida koppesi Hedges 2011

Remarks: Previously confused with fuliginosum (Passos, Caramaschi & Pinto 2006). Records from Distrito Federal (e.g., Franca & Araújo 2006; Costa & Bérnils 2018; Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021) are tentatively referred to fuliginosum.
Distribution: Brazil (Bahia, Goias, Mato Grosso, Mato Grosso do Sul, Minas Gerais, Sao Paulo, Tocantins).


Trilepida macrolepis

Large-scaled Thread Snake, Big-eyed Thread Snake

Grossschuppige Fadenschlange

Storskællet Trådslange

1858 Stenostoma macrolepis Peters
Glauconia macrolepis Boulenger 1893
Leptotyphlops macrolepis Ruthven 1922
Tricheilostoma macrolepis Adalsteinsson, Branch, Trape, Vitt & Hedges 2009
Trilepida macrolepis Hedges 2011
1933 Leptotyphlops ihlei Brongersma (Hahn 1980)

Remarks: Pinto & Fernandes (2017) did not include any records from eastern Brazil for this species. Consequently, records from Bahia (Argôlo 2004), Espirito Santo (Ruschi 1966), and Rio de Janeiro (Rocha, Bergallo, Pombal, Geise, Sluys, Fernandes & Caramaschi 2004) are regarded as doubtful.
Distribution: Brazil (Amazonas, Maranhao, Para, Rondonia, Roraima), Colombia, Ecuador, French Guiana, Guyana, Panama, Surinam, Venezuela.


Trilepida nicefori

Santander Thread Snake, Mogotes Thread Snake

Santander-Fadenschlange

Santander-trådslange

1946 Leptotyphlops nicefori Dunn
Rena nicefori Adalsteinsson, Branch, Trape, Vitt & Hedges 2009
Tricheilostoma nicefori Pinto, Passos, Portilla, Arredondo & Fernandes 2010
Trilepida nicefori Hedges 2011

Distribution: Colombia.


Trilepida pastusa

Tulcán Thread Snake

Tulcán-Fadenschlange

Tulcan-trådslange

2015 Trilepida pastusa Salazar-Valenzuela, Martins, Amador-Oyola & Torres-Carvajal

Distribution: Ecuador.


Trilepida salgueiroi

Espirito Santo Thread Snake, Itá Thread Snake

Espirito-Santo-Fadenschlange

Espirito Santo-trådslange

1955 Leptotyphlops salgueiroi Amaral
Tricheilostoma salgueiroi Adalsteinsson, Branch, Trape, Vitt & Hedges 2009
Trilepida salgueiroi Hedges 2011

Distribution: Brazil (Bahia, Espirito Santo, Minas Gerais, Rio de Janeiro).