Reptiles of Tocantins [Brazil] Related checklists:  Brazil Bibliography of the reptiles of Tocantins Taxonomic history of the reptiles of Tocantins Introduced species

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Citation: Midtgaard, Rune. RepFocus - A Survey of the Reptiles of the World. www.repfocus.dk (Compilation date: 14th April, 2023).

Checklist General remarks: The list includes only formally described species. Newly discovered, but still unnamed species are excluded. However, unnamed species or species unassigned to species level are included, if they are the only representatives of their genus in the region. Species counts exclude extinct and introduced species. Doubtful records, typically older voucher specimens of uncertain origin, have been excluded if considered questionable, as are records based on sources considered unreliable or controversial. Note: Your comments to the checklist (omissions, errors, etc.) are welcomed, preferably if they are provided with reliable references. If possible, please attach a pdf file of the relevant reference to an email addressed to:

	Worm Lizards (Amphisbaenia)
	= endemicEX = extinct or assumed extinct Species References  Family Amphisbaenidae (Typical Worm Lizards) Genus Amphisbaena (Neotropical Worm Lizards)   Amphisbaena alba Common Red Worm Lizard Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Mott & Vieites 2009 Mott 2006 Recoder, Junior, Camacho, Nunes, Mott, Valdujo, Ghellere, Nogueira & Rodrigues 2011 Ribeiro, Sa, Santos-Jr., Graboski, Zaher, Guedes, Andrade & Vaz-Silva 2019   Amphisbaena anaemariae Serra da Mesa Worm Lizard Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021   Amphisbaena filiformis Babaculandia Worm Lizard Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Ribeiro, Gomes, Silva, Cintra & Silva 2016   Amphisbaena leeseri Urucum Worm Lizard Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Mott & Vieites 2009 Recoder, Junior, Camacho, Nunes, Mott, Valdujo, Ghellere, Nogueira & Rodrigues 2011 Ribeiro, Sa, Santos-Jr., Graboski, Zaher, Guedes, Andrade & Vaz-Silva 2019   Amphisbaena miringoera Rio Tapirapes Worm Lizard Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021   Amphisbaena silvestrii Southern Mato Grosso Worm Lizard Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021   Amphisbaena talisiae Serra da Pitomba Worm Lizard Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021   Amphisbaena vermicularis Vermiculate Worm Lizard Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Gans & Amdur 1966 Mott & Vieites 2009 Recoder, Junior, Camacho, Nunes, Mott, Valdujo, Ghellere, Nogueira & Rodrigues 2011 Ribeiro, Gomides & Costa 2020 Ribeiro, Sa, Santos-Jr., Graboski, Zaher, Guedes, Andrade & Vaz-Silva 2019 Genus Anops (Keel-headed Worm Lizards)   * Anops acrobeles Jalapao Worm Lizard Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Recoder, Junior, Camacho, Nunes, Mott, Valdujo, Ghellere, Nogueira & Rodrigues 2011 Ribeiro, Castro-Mello & Nogueira 2009 Genus Aulura (Auro Worm Lizard)   Aulura anomala Auro Worm Lizard Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Genus Bronia (Brazilian Worm Lizards)   * Bronia kraoh Godias Worm Lizard Castro-Mello 2003 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Gans 2005 Mott & Vieites 2009 Pinna, Mendonca, Bocchiglieri & Fernandes 2010 Ribeiro, Sa, Santos-Jr., Graboski, Zaher, Guedes, Andrade & Vaz-Silva 2019 Vanzolini 1971   * Bronia saxosa Tocantins Worm Lizard Castro-Mello 2003 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Mott & Vieites 2009 Pinna, Mendonca, Bocchiglieri & Fernandes 2010 Ribeiro, Sa, Santos-Jr., Graboski, Zaher, Guedes, Andrade & Vaz-Silva 2019 Genus Cercolophia (Keel-tailed Worm Lizards)   Cercolophia roberti Ipiranga Worm Lizard Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Mott & Vieites 2009 Ribeiro, Sa, Santos-Jr., Graboski, Zaher, Guedes, Andrade & Vaz-Silva 2019 Genus Leposternon (South American Worm Lizards)   Leposternon infraorbitale Central Brazilian Worm Lizard Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021   Leposternon polystegum East Brazilian Worm Lizard Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Mott & Vieites 2009 Mott 2006 Ribeiro, Nogueira, Cintra, Silva & Zaher 2011 Ribeiro, Sa, Santos-Jr., Graboski, Zaher, Guedes, Andrade & Vaz-Silva 2019 Ribeiro, Vaz-Silva & Santos 2008 Tavares & Ribeiro 2014

	Crocodilians (Crocodylia)
	= endemicEX = extinct or assumed extinct Species References  Family Alligatoridae (Alligators and Caimans) Genus Caiman (Typical Caimans)   Caiman crocodilus Common Caiman Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Dornas, Silva, Silva & Malvasio 2021 Genus Melanosuchus (Black Caiman)   Melanosuchus niger Black Caiman Costa Pereira & Malvasio 2014 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Dornas, Silva, Silva & Malvasio 2021 Genus Paleosuchus (Dwarf Caimans)   Paleosuchus palpebrosus Cayenne Dwarf Caiman Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Dornas, Silva, Silva & Malvasio 2021 Recoder, Junior, Camacho, Nunes, Mott, Valdujo, Ghellere, Nogueira & Rodrigues 2011   Paleosuchus trigonatus Northwestern Dwarf Caiman Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021

	Lizards (Sauria)
	= endemicEX = extinct or assumed extinct Species References  Family Anolidae (Anoles) Genus Norops (Brilliant Anoles)   Norops brasiliensis Brazilian Golden-scaled Anole Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 D'Angiolella, Gamble, Avila-Pires, Colli, Noonan & Vitt 2011 Recoder, Junior, Camacho, Nunes, Mott, Valdujo, Ghellere, Nogueira & Rodrigues 2011 [as chrysolepis] Ribeiro-Junior & Amaral 2016 Ribeiro-Junior 2015 Vitt, Shepard, Vieira, Caldwell, Colli & Mesquita 2008   Norops meridionalis Paraguayan Anole Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 D'Angiolella, Gamble, Avila-Pires, Colli, Noonan & Vitt 2011 Ribeiro-Junior & Amaral 2016 Ribeiro-Junior 2015   Norops ortonii Amazon Bark Anole Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 d'Assuncao, Filho, Santos Araujo & Moura 2012  Family Gekkonidae (Typical Geckos) Genus Hemidactylus (Half-toed Geckos)   Hemidactylus brasilianus Brazilian Half-toed Gecko Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Mesquita, Colli, Franca & Vitt 2006 Recoder, Junior, Camacho, Nunes, Mott, Valdujo, Ghellere, Nogueira & Rodrigues 2011  Family Gymnophthalmidae (Scaly-tongued Spectacled Tejus) Genus Bachia (Earless Tejus)   Bachia bresslaui Sao Paulo Earless Teju Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021   * Bachia micromela Guarai Earless Teju Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Rodrigues, Pavan & Curcio 2007 Teixeira, Recoder, Camacho, Sena, Navas & Rodrigues 2013   * Bachia oxyrhina Mateiros Earless Teju Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Recoder, Junior, Camacho, Nunes, Mott, Valdujo, Ghellere, Nogueira & Rodrigues 2011 Rodrigues, Camacho, Nunes, Recoder, Teixeira, Valdujo, Ghellere, Mott & Nogueira 2008 Teixeira, Recoder, Camacho, Sena, Navas & Rodrigues 2013   * Bachia psamophila Porto Nacional Earless Teju Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Rodrigues, Pavan & Curcio 2007 Teixeira, Recoder, Camacho, Sena, Navas & Rodrigues 2013 Genus Cercosaura (Eastern Shade Tejus)   Cercosaura olivacea East Brazilian Shade Teju Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Dantas Sales, Silva Jorge, Meira-Ribeiro & Xavier Freire 2014 [as ocellata] Recoder, Junior, Camacho, Nunes, Mott, Valdujo, Ghellere, Nogueira & Rodrigues 2011 [as ocellata] Ribeiro-Junior & Amaral 2016 [as "C. ocellata ssp."] Sturaro, Rodrigues, Colli, Knowles & Avila-Pires 2018   Cercosaura schreibersii South Brazilian Shade Teju Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Ribeiro-Junior & Amaral 2016 Ribeiro-Junior & Amaral 2017 Genus Colobosaura (Short-thumbed Spectacled Tejus)   Colobosaura modesta Morro da Garcza Spectacled Teju Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Freire, Jorge & Ribeiro 2012 Mesquita, Colli, Franca & Vitt 2006 Recoder, Junior, Camacho, Nunes, Mott, Valdujo, Ghellere, Nogueira & Rodrigues 2011 Ribeiro-Junior & Amaral 2016 Ribeiro-Junior & Amaral 2017 Genus Loxopholis (Western Root Tejus)   Loxopholis percarinata Striped Root Teju Brunes, Silva, Marques-Souza, Rodrigues & Pellegrino 2019 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Ribeiro-Junior & Amaral 2016 Ribeiro-Junior & Amaral 2017 Genus Micrablepharus (Snake-eyed Glossy Tejus)   Micrablepharus atticolus Cerrado Snake-eyed Glossy Teju Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Ribeiro-Junior & Amaral 2016 Ribeiro-Junior & Amaral 2017   Micrablepharus maximiliani Blue-tailed Snake-eyed Glossy Teju Colli, Giugliano, Mesquita & Franca 2009 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Mesquita, Colli, Franca & Vitt 2006 Moura, Dayrell & Avelar Sao Pedro 2010 Recoder, Junior, Camacho, Nunes, Mott, Valdujo, Ghellere, Nogueira & Rodrigues 2011 Ribeiro-Junior & Amaral 2016 Ribeiro-Junior & Amaral 2017 Genus Neusticurus (Guianan Water Tejus)   Neusticurus bicarinatus Two-keeled Water Teju Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Marques-Souza, Prates, Fouquet, Camacho, Kok, Nunes, Vechio, Recoder, Mejia, Teixeira-Junior, Barrio-Amoros, Cassimiro, Lima, Sena & Rodrigues 2018 Ribeiro-Junior & Amaral 2016 Ribeiro-Junior & Amaral 2017 Genus Vanzosaura (Red-tailed Spectacled Tejus)   Vanzosaura savanicola Cerrado Red-tailed Spectacled Teju Colli, Giugliano, Mesquita & Franca 2009 [as rubricauda] Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Mesquita, Colli, Franca & Vitt 2006 [as rubricauda] Recoder, Junior, Camacho, Nunes, Mott, Valdujo, Ghellere, Nogueira & Rodrigues 2011 [as rubricauda] Recoder, Ribeiro & Rodrigues 2013 [as rubricauda] Recoder, Werneck, Teixeira, Colli, Sites & Rodrigues 2014  Family Hoplocercidae (Club-tailed Iguanas) Genus Hoplocercus (Eastern Club-tailed Iguana)   Hoplocercus spinosus Eastern Club-tailed Iguana Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Recoder, Junior, Camacho, Nunes, Mott, Valdujo, Ghellere, Nogueira & Rodrigues 2011 Ribeiro-Junior & Amaral 2016 Ribeiro-Junior 2015  Family Iguanidae (Greater Iguanas) Genus Iguana (Green Iguanas)   Iguana iguana South American Green Iguana Avila-Pires 1995 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Mesquita, Colli, Franca & Vitt 2006 Recoder, Junior, Camacho, Nunes, Mott, Valdujo, Ghellere, Nogueira & Rodrigues 2011 Ribeiro-Junior & Amaral 2016 Ribeiro-Junior 2015  Family Phyllodactylidae (Leaf-toed Geckos) Genus Gymnodactylus (Naked-toed Geckos)   Gymnodactylus amarali Maranhao Naked-toed Gecko Colli, Giugliano, Mesquita & Franca 2009 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Gamble, Colli, Rodrigues, Werneck & Simons 2012 Mesquita, Colli, Franca & Vitt 2006 [as carvalhoi] Recoder, Junior, Camacho, Nunes, Mott, Valdujo, Ghellere, Nogueira & Rodrigues 2011 Ribeiro-Junior & Amaral 2016 Ribeiro-Junior 2015 Vanzolini 2004 Vanzolini 2005 [as carvalhoi] Genus Phyllopezus (South American Robust Geckos)   Phyllopezus pollicaris Common Robust Gecko Condez, Tonini, Pereira-Ribeiro & Dubeux 2021 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Gamble, Colli, Rodrigues, Werneck & Simons 2012 Recoder, Junior, Camacho, Nunes, Mott, Valdujo, Ghellere, Nogueira & Rodrigues 2011 Ribeiro-Junior & Amaral 2016 Ribeiro-Junior 2015  Family Polychrotidae (Monkey Lizards) Genus Polychrus (Monkey Lizards)   Polychrus acutirostris Sharp-nosed Monkey Lizard Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Mesquita, Colli, Franca & Vitt 2006 Recoder, Junior, Camacho, Nunes, Mott, Valdujo, Ghellere, Nogueira & Rodrigues 2011 Ribeiro-Junior & Amaral 2016 Ribeiro-Junior 2015   Polychrus marmoratus Marbled Monkey Lizard Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Ribeiro-Junior & Amaral 2016 Ribeiro-Junior 2015  Family Scincidae (Skinks) Genus Aspronema (South American White-striped Skinks)   Aspronema dorsivittatum South American White-striped Skink Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Genus Brasiliscincus (Brazilian Small-headed Skinks)   Brasiliscincus heathi Caatinga Small-headed Skink Colli, Giugliano, Mesquita & Franca 2009 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Mesquita, Colli, Franca & Vitt 2006 Recoder, Junior, Camacho, Nunes, Mott, Valdujo, Ghellere, Nogueira & Rodrigues 2011 [as "cf. heathi"] Genus Copeoglossum (Neotropical Spotted Skinks)   Copeoglossum nigropunctatum Black-spotted Skink Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Mesquita, Colli, Franca & Vitt 2006 Miralles, Barrio-Amoros, Rivas & Chaparro-Auza 2006 Recoder, Junior, Camacho, Nunes, Mott, Valdujo, Ghellere, Nogueira & Rodrigues 2011 [as "cf. nigropunctatum"] Ribeiro-Junior & Amaral 2016 Genus Manciola (South American Small-handed Skink)   Manciola guaporicola South American Small-handed Skink Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Hedges & Conn 2012 Miralles & Carranza 2010 Ribeiro-Junior & Amaral 2016 Genus Notomabuya (Southern Neotropical Skink)   Notomabuya frenata Southern Neotropical Skink Caldeira Costa, Dias Fernandes, Vrcibradic & Neves Feio 2008 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Harvey, Aguayo & Miralles 2008 Hedges & Conn 2012 Miralles & Carranza 2010 Pinto & Araujo 2000 Recoder, Junior, Camacho, Nunes, Mott, Valdujo, Ghellere, Nogueira & Rodrigues 2011 Ribeiro-Junior & Amaral 2016 Vrcibradic, Almeida-Gomes, Borges-Junior, Kiefer, Sluys & Raocha 2006  Family Sphaerodactylidae (Least Geckos, etc.) Genus Coleodactylus (Sheath-toed Pygmy Geckos)   Coleodactylus brachystoma Cerrado Pygmy Gecko Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Freitas, Franca & Oliveira-Lima 2011 Geurgas, Rodrigues & Moritz 2008 Recoder, Junior, Camacho, Nunes, Mott, Valdujo, Ghellere, Nogueira & Rodrigues 2011   Coleodactylus meridionalis Atlantic Forest Pygmy Gecko Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Ribeiro-Junior & Amaral 2016 Ribeiro-Junior 2015 Genus Gonatodes (American Padless Geckos)   Gonatodes humeralis Bridled Forest Gecko Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Ribeiro-Junior & Amaral 2016 Ribeiro-Junior 2015  Family Teiidae (Greater Tejus) Genus Ameiva (South American Ameivas)   Ameiva ameiva South American Giant Ameiva Avila-Pires 1995 Colli, Giugliano, Mesquita & Franca 2009 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Mesquita, Colli, Franca & Vitt 2006 Recoder, Junior, Camacho, Nunes, Mott, Valdujo, Ghellere, Nogueira & Rodrigues 2011 Ribeiro-Junior & Amaral 2016 Vanzolini 1972 Genus Ameivula (Eastern South American Whiptails)   Ameivula jalapensis Jalapao Whiptail Arias, Carvalho, Rodrigues & Zaher 2011 Arias, Carvalho, Zaher & Rodrigues 2014 Arias, Recoder, Alvarez, Etchepare, Quipildor, Lobo & Rodrigues 2018 Arias, Teixeira Junior, Recoder, Morato de Carvalho, Zaher & Rodrigues 2014 Colli, Giugliano, Mesquita & Franca 2009 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Harvey, Ugueto & Gutberlet 2012 Recoder, Junior, Camacho, Nunes, Mott, Valdujo, Ghellere, Nogueira & Rodrigues 2011   Ameivula mumbuca Mateiros Whiptail Arias, Carvalho, Rodrigues & Zaher 2011 Arias, Carvalho, Zaher & Rodrigues 2014 Arias, Recoder, Alvarez, Etchepare, Quipildor, Lobo & Rodrigues 2018 Arias, Teixeira Junior, Recoder, Morato de Carvalho, Zaher & Rodrigues 2014 Colli, Caldwell, Costa, Gainsbury, Garda, Mesquita, Filho, Soares, Silva, Valdujo, Vieira, Vitt, Werneck, Wiederhecker & Zatz 2003 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Harvey, Ugueto & Gutberlet 2012 Mesquita, Colli, Franca & Vitt 2006 Recoder, Junior, Camacho, Nunes, Mott, Valdujo, Ghellere, Nogueira & Rodrigues 2011   Ameivula ocellifera Brazilian Ocellated Whiptail Aparicio, Avila-Pires, Moravec & Nogueira 2019 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Mesquita & Colli 2003 Genus Kentropyx (Spurred Whiptails)   Kentropyx calcarata Striped Forest Whiptail Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Gallagher & Dixon 1992 Ribeiro-Junior & Amaral 2016   Kentropyx paulensis Sao Paulo Whiptail Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Gallagher & Dixon 1992 Recoder, Junior, Camacho, Nunes, Mott, Valdujo, Ghellere, Nogueira & Rodrigues 2011 [as "cf. paulensis"] Genus Salvator (Southern Tejus)   Salvator duseni Parana Teju Campos, Oda, Custodio, Koppe & Dartora 2011 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021   Salvator merianae Southern Black-and-White Teju Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Ribeiro-Junior & Amaral 2016 Genus Tupinambis (Northern Tejus)   Tupinambis quadrilineatus Four-striped Teju Abrahao-Morato, Meer, Bornschein, Vieira Capela, Almeida Ulandowski & Zampier 2015 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Freitas, Oliveira-Lima & Franca 2011 Koehler & Langerwerf 2000 Manzani & Abe 1997 Mesquita, Colli, Franca & Vitt 2006 Ribeiro-Junior & Amaral 2016 Silva, Ribeiro-Junior & Avila-Pires 2018 Silveira 2009   Tupinambis teguixin Amazonian Black-and-White Teju Avila-Pires 1995 Colli, Peres & Cunha 1998 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Harvey, Ugueto & Gutberlet 2012 Murphy, Jowers, Lehtinen, Charles, Colli, Peres, Hendry & Pyron 2016 [based on map] Passos, Lima-Araujo, Melo & Borges-Nojosa 2013 Ribeiro-Junior & Amaral 2016 Silva, Ribeiro-Junior & Avila-Pires 2018  Family Tropiduridae (Rough-tailed Iguanas) Genus Plica (Tree Runners)   Plica umbra Smooth-necked Tree Runner Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Ribeiro-Junior & Amaral 2016 Ribeiro-Junior 2015 Genus Stenocercus (Whorl-tailed Iguanas)   Stenocercus dumerilii Para Whorl-tailed Iguana Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021   Stenocercus quinarius Five-crested Whorl-tailed Iguana Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Genus Tropidurus (Eastern Keel-tailed Iguanas)   Tropidurus hispidus Spotted Keel-tailed Iguana Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Ribeiro-Junior 2015   Tropidurus insulanus Cachimbo Keel-tailed Iguana Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Ribeiro-Junior & Amaral 2016 Ribeiro-Junior 2015   Tropidurus itambere Sorocaba Keel-tailed Iguana Carvalho 2013 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021   Tropidurus oreadicus Cerrado Keel-tailed Iguana Carvalho 2013 Colli, Giugliano, Mesquita & Franca 2009 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Mesquita, Colli, Franca & Vitt 2006 Recoder, Junior, Camacho, Nunes, Mott, Valdujo, Ghellere, Nogueira & Rodrigues 2011 [as "cf. oreadicus"] Ribeiro-Junior 2015 Rodrigues 1987   Tropidurus torquatus Collared Keel-tailed Iguana Carvalho 2013 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Kunz & Borges-Martins 2013 Genus Uranoscodon (Mop-headed Iguana)   Uranoscodon superciliosus Mop-headed Iguana Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Ribeiro-Junior & Amaral 2016 Ribeiro-Junior 2015

	Snakes (Serpentes)
	= endemicEX = extinct or assumed extinct Species References  Family Aniliidae (South American Pipe Snake) Genus Anilius (South American Pipe Snake)   Anilius scytale South American Pipe Snake Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Silva, Souza & Puorto 2001  Family Anomalepididae (Neotropical Blind Snakes) Genus Liotyphlops (Smooth Blind Snakes)   Liotyphlops ternetzii Paraguayan Blind Snake Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Cruz-Centeno, Swaya & Germano 2010  Family Boidae (Typical Boas) Genus Boa (Red-tailed Boas)   Boa constrictor South American Red-tailed Boa Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Genus Corallus (Tree Boas)   Corallus batesii Southern Emerald Tree Boa Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021   Corallus hortulana Amazon Tree Boa Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Genus Epicrates (Rainbow Boas)   Epicrates cenchria Common Rainbow Boa Andrade-Junior, Soares Franca, Sudre & Passos 2020 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Passos & Fernandes 2008   Epicrates crassus Paraguayan Rainbow Boa Andrade-Junior, Soares Franca, Sudre & Passos 2020 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Passos & Fernandes 2008 Recoder, Junior, Camacho, Nunes, Mott, Valdujo, Ghellere, Nogueira & Rodrigues 2011 Genus Eunectes (Anacondas)   Eunectes murinus Green Anaconda Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021  Family Colubridae (Typical Snakes or Colubrids) Genus Adelphostigma (Twin-spotted Leaf-litter Snakes)   Adelphostigma occipitalis Bahia Leaf-litter Snake Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Genus Apostolepis (Black-tailed Blackheads)   * Apostolepis adhara Sao Salvador Blackhead Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Franca, Barbo, Silva-Junior, Silva & Zaher   Apostolepis flavotorquata Yellow-collared Blackhead Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Lema & Renner 2005 Lema 2001 Lema 2002 Lima Silveira 2014 Wallach, Williams & Boundy 2014   Apostolepis longicaudata Piaui Blackhead Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Curcio, Nunes, Harvey & Rodrigues 2011 Entiauspe-Neto, Koch, Guedes & Tiutenko 2020 Recoder, Junior, Camacho, Nunes, Mott, Valdujo, Ghellere, Nogueira & Rodrigues 2011 [as "cf. longicaudata"] Wallach, Williams & Boundy 2014   Apostolepis nelsonjorgei Minacu Blackhead Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Curcio, Nunes, Harvey & Rodrigues 2011 Entiauspe-Neto, Koch, Guedes & Tiutenko 2020 Lema & Renner 2004 Lema & Renner 2012 Recoder, Junior, Camacho, Nunes, Mott, Valdujo, Ghellere, Nogueira & Rodrigues 2011 Wallach, Williams & Boundy 2014   Apostolepis polylepis Hawkbeak Blackhead Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021   Apostolepis sanctaeritae Tocantins Blackhead Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Entiauspe-Neto, Koch, Guedes & Tiutenko 2020 Ferrarezzi, Barbo & Albuquerque 2005 [as ammodites] Lema & Renner 2007 [as ammodites] Lema & Renner 2012 [as ammodites] Nogueira, Barbo & Ferrarezzi 2012 [as ammodites] Recoder, Junior, Camacho, Nunes, Mott, Valdujo, Ghellere, Nogueira & Rodrigues 2011 [as ammodites] Wallach, Williams & Boundy 2014 [as ammodites] Genus Atractus (Spindle Snakes)   Atractus albuquerquei Guama River Spindle Snake Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Passos, Azevedo, Nogueira, Fernandes & Sawaya 2019   Atractus pantostictus Sao Paulo Spindle Snake Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Fernandes & Puorto 1993 Passos, Fernandes, Bernils & Moura-Leite 2010 Recoder, Junior, Camacho, Nunes, Mott, Valdujo, Ghellere, Nogueira & Rodrigues 2011 Genus Boiruna (Southern Snake Eaters)   Boiruna maculata South American Spotted Snake Eater Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021   Boiruna sertaneja Sertao Snake Eater Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Recoder, Junior, Camacho, Nunes, Mott, Valdujo, Ghellere, Nogueira & Rodrigues 2011 [as "cf. sertaneja"] Souto de Brito & Goncalves 2012 Genus Chironius (Sipos)   Chironius carinatus Yellow-lipped Sipo Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021   Chironius exoletus Green Sipo Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Dixon, Wiest & Cei 1993   Chironius flavolineatus Yellow-striped Sipo Albuquerque & Freitas 2011 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Dixon, Wiest & Cei 1993 Hamdan & Fernandes 2015 Hamdan, Scali & Fernandes 2014 Pinto, Fernandes & Marques 2008 Pinto, Marques & Fernandes 2010   Chironius quadricarinatus Paraguayan Sipo Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Dixon, Wiest & Cei 1993 Pinto, Fernandes & Marques 2008 Pinto, Marques & Fernandes 2010   Chironius scurrulus Rusty Sipo Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Genus Chlorosoma (Green Bush Racers)   Chlorosoma viridissimum Emerald Bush Racer Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Genus Clelia (Northern Snake Eaters)   Clelia clelia Common Snake Eater Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021   Clelia plumbea Plumbeous Snake Eater Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Genus Dipsas (Neotropical Snail Eaters)   Dipsas catesbyi Ornate Snail Eater Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Lima & Prudente 2009 Sanchez-Martinez, Franca & Trevine 2022   Dipsas mikanii Brazilian White-collared Snail Eater Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Giraudo & Scrocchi 2002 Genus Drymarchon (Indigo Snakes and Cribos)   Drymarchon corais Yellow-tailed Cribo Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Recoder, Junior, Camacho, Nunes, Mott, Valdujo, Ghellere, Nogueira & Rodrigues 2011 Genus Drymoluber (Glossy Racers)   Drymoluber brazili Southern Glossy Racer Caldeira-Costa, Ribeiro-Moura & Neves-Feio 2013 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Genus Dryophylax (Northern Mock Vipers)   Dryophylax hypoconia Southern Mock Viper Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Franco, Trevine, Montingelli & Zaher 2017 Recoder, Junior, Camacho, Nunes, Mott, Valdujo, Ghellere, Nogueira & Rodrigues 2011 Trevine, Caicedo-Portilla, Hoogmoed, Thomas, Franco, Montingelli, Osorno-Munoz & Zaher 2021   Dryophylax phoenix Petrolina Mock Viper Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Franco, Trevine, Montingelli & Zaher 2017 Trevine, Caicedo-Portilla, Hoogmoed, Thomas, Franco, Montingelli, Osorno-Munoz & Zaher 2021 Genus Erythrolamprus (Neotropical Smooth Snakes)   Erythrolamprus aesculapii Southern Mock Coral Snake Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Curcio, Scali & Rodrigues 2015   Erythrolamprus almadensis Almada Smooth Snake Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021   Erythrolamprus maryellenae Goias Smooth Snake Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Franca 2004   Erythrolamprus poecilogyrus Yellow-bellied Smooth Snake Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021   Erythrolamprus reginae Northern Royal Smooth Snake Ascenso, Costa & Prudente 2019 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Torres-Carvajal & Hinojosa 2020   Erythrolamprus taeniogaster Banded Smooth Snake Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Dixon 1989   Erythrolamprus viridis Brazilian Green Smooth Snake Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Walterman, Moraes-da-Silva & Curcio 2021 Genus Helicops (South American Keelbacks)   Helicops angulatus Brown-banded Keelback Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Roberto, Ribeiro, Sousa-Delfino & Oliveira-Almeida 2009   Helicops leopardinus Leopard Keelback Campos Nogueira 2001 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Moraes-da-Silva, Amaro, Sales Nunes, Rodrigues & Curcio 2021 Recoder, Junior, Camacho, Nunes, Mott, Valdujo, Ghellere, Nogueira & Rodrigues 2011   Helicops phantasma Phantom Keelback Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Moraes-da-Silva, Amaro, Sales Nunes, Rodrigues & Curcio 2021   Helicops polylepis South American Many-scaled Keelback Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021   Helicops trivittatus Three-striped Keelback Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Moraes-da-Silva, Amaro, Sales Nunes, Rodrigues & Curcio 2021 Moraes-da-Silva, Amaro, Sales Nunes, Strussmann, Teixeira, Andrade, Sudre, Recoder, Rodrigues & Curcio 2019 Oliveira, Silva, Santos, Barriga, Gabriel & Costa-Campos 2015 Genus Hydrodynastes (False Water Cobras)   Hydrodynastes bicinctus Two-banded False Water Cobra Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Franco, Fernandes & Bentim 2007   Hydrodynastes gigas Giant False Water Cobra Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021   Hydrodynastes melanogigas Black False Water Cobra Franco, Fernandes & Bentim 2007 Santos-Junior, Adams, Buhler, Ribeiro & Carvalho 2017 Silva, Hamdan, Tonial, Silva & Cintra 2012 Genus Hydrops (South American Mud Snakes)   Hydrops triangularis Red-sided Mud Snake Albuquerque & Lema 2008 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Genus Imantodes (American Blunt-headed Tree Snakes)   Imantodes cenchoa Common Blunt-headed Tree Snake Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Genus Leptodeira (Typical Cat-eyed Snakes)   Leptodeira annulata South American Banded Cat-eyed Snake Barrio-Amoros 2019 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Genus Leptophis (Neotropical Parrot Snakes)   Leptophis ahaetulla Common Green Parrot Snake Albuquerque & Fernandes 2022 Albuquerque, Santos, Borges-Nojosa & Avila 2022 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Torres-Carvajal & Teran 2021   Leptophis marginatus Paraguayan Parrot Snake Murphy, Charles, Lehtinen & Koeller 2013 Genus Lygophis (South American Striped Ground Snakes)   Lygophis meridionalis Paraguayan Striped Ground Snake Castro & Oliveira 2017 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021   Lygophis paucidens Cerrado Striped Ground Snake Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Serrano, Vieira-Alencar, Diaz-Ricaurte & Nogueira 2020 Genus Mastigodryas (Neotropical Lizard Eaters)   Mastigodryas boddaerti Brown Lizard Eater Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Montingelli 2009 Montingelli, Grazziotin, Battilana, Murphy, Zhang & Zaher 2019 Montingelli, Valencia, Benavides & Zaher 2011 Siqueira, Nascimento, Montingelli & Santos-Costa 2013 Genus Oxybelis (Neotropical Vine Snakes)   Oxybelis aeneus Brown Vine Snake Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Recoder, Junior, Camacho, Nunes, Mott, Valdujo, Ghellere, Nogueira & Rodrigues 2011   Oxybelis fulgidus Green Vine Snake Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Scartozzoni, Salomao & Almeida-Santos 2009 Genus Oxyrhopus (Calico Snakes)   Oxyrhopus guibei Parana Calico Snake Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021   Oxyrhopus melanogenys Black-headed Calico Snake Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021   Oxyrhopus rhombifer Rhombic Calico Snake Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021   Oxyrhopus trigeminus Northern Brazilian Calico Snake Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Recoder, Junior, Camacho, Nunes, Mott, Valdujo, Ghellere, Nogueira & Rodrigues 2011 Genus Palusophis (Eastern Lizard Eater)   Palusophis bifossatus Eastern Lizard Eater Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Marques & Muriel 2007 Montingelli 2009 Montingelli, Grazziotin, Battilana, Murphy, Zhang & Zaher 2019 Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 Genus Phalotris (South American Collared Snakes)   Phalotris labiomaculatus Lip-spotted Collared Snake Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Franca, Mesquita & Garda 2005 Hamdan, Silva, Silva, Cintra & Lema 2013 Genus Philodryas (South American Bush Racers)   Philodryas nattereri Paraguay Bush Racer Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Recoder, Junior, Camacho, Nunes, Mott, Valdujo, Ghellere, Nogueira & Rodrigues 2011 Smith, Scott, Cacciali, Atkinson & Pheasey 2013 Thomas 1976   Philodryas olfersii Common Green Bush Racer Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Genus Phimophis (South American Shovel-nosed Snakes)   Phimophis guerini Argentine Shovel-nosed Snake Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Filho, Santana, Vieira, Alves, Montenegro & Freitas 2012 Marques, Tinoco, Browne-Ribeiro & Fazolato 2012 Genus Pseudablabes (Reticulated Bush Racers)   Pseudablabes patagoniensis Patagonian Bush Racer Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Gouveia, Novelli, Vieira & Sousa 2017 Genus Pseudoboa (Neotropical Scarlet Snakes)   Pseudoboa coronata Black-headed Scarlet Snake Caldeira Costa, Cotta & MacCulloch 2015 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Zaher, Oliveira & Franco 2008   Pseudoboa nigra Blackish Scarlet Snake Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Orofino, Pizzatto & Marques 2010 Zaher, Oliveira & Franco 2008 Genus Psomophis (Smooth Ground Snakes)   Psomophis joberti Brazilian Ground Snake Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Myers & Cadle 1994 Genus Rodriguesophis (Collared Sharp-nosed Snakes)   Rodriguesophis iglesiasi Piaui Sharp-nosed Snake Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Lima Silveira 2014 Recoder, Junior, Camacho, Nunes, Mott, Valdujo, Ghellere, Nogueira & Rodrigues 2011 Genus Siphlophis (Liana Snakes)   Siphlophis compressus Red-headed Liana Snake Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021   Siphlophis worontzowi Amazon Liana Snake Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Prudente, Silva, Santos Meireles & Puorto 2017 Vechio, Teixeira-Junior, Neto & Rodrigues 2015 Genus Spilotes (Chicken Snakes)   Spilotes pullatus Chicken Snake Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021   Spilotes sulphureus Yellow-bellied Puffing Snake Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Genus Tantilla (American Centipede Snakes)   Tantilla melanocephala South American Black-headed Centipede Snake Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Recoder, Junior, Camacho, Nunes, Mott, Valdujo, Ghellere, Nogueira & Rodrigues 2011 Wilson & Mena 1980 Genus Thamnodynastes (South American Mock Vipers)   Thamnodynastes pallidus Common South American Mock Viper Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Trevine, Caicedo-Portilla, Hoogmoed, Thomas, Franco, Montingelli, Osorno-Munoz & Zaher 2021 Genus Xenodon (Northern Mock Lanceheads and South American Hognose Snakes)   Xenodon merremii Toad-eating Mock Lancehead Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Recoder, Junior, Camacho, Nunes, Mott, Valdujo, Ghellere, Nogueira & Rodrigues 2011   Xenodon nattereri Banded Hognose Snake Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021   Xenodon severus Giant Mock Lancehead Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Genus Xenopholis (South American Flat-headed Snakes)   Xenopholis undulatus Southern Flat-headed Snake Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Loebmann 2009  Family Elapidae [part 1: terrestrial species] (Cobras, Mambas, etc.) Genus Micrurus (American Coral Snakes)   Micrurus brasiliensis Brazilian Coral Snake Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 David, Dobiey & Vogel 2018 Pires, Silva, Feitosa, Prudente, Filho & Zaher 2014 Recoder, Junior, Camacho, Nunes, Mott, Valdujo, Ghellere, Nogueira & Rodrigues 2011 Silva & Sites 1999   Micrurus carvalhoi Brazilian Ribbon Coral Snake Castro, Oliveira, Gonzalez, Curcio & Feitosa 2017 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Pires, Silva, Feitosa, Prudente, Filho & Zaher 2014   Micrurus hemprichii Worm-eating Coral Snake Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021   Micrurus lemniscatus Northern Ribbon Coral Snake Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021   Micrurus spixii Central Amazonian Coral Snake Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Nascimento, Silva, Feitosa & Prudente 2019   Micrurus surinamensis Amazonian Aquatic Coral Snake Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021  Family Leptotyphlopidae (Thread Snakes) Genus Trilepida (Three-scaled Thread Snakes)   * Trilepida acutirostris Brazilian Sharp-nosed Thread Snake Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Francisco, Pinto & Fernandes 2018 Pinto & Curcio 2011 Recoder, Junior, Camacho, Nunes, Mott, Valdujo, Ghellere, Nogueira & Rodrigues 2011   Trilepida brasiliensis Bahia Thread Snake Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Pinto & Curcio 2011 Pinto & Fernandes 2012   Trilepida fuliginosa Preto River Thread Snake Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Guedes, Queiroz, Sousa & Hamdan 2020 Passos, Caramaschi & Pinto 2006 Pinto & Fernandes 2012   Trilepida koppesi Terenos Thread Snake Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Filogonio & Canelas 2015 Martins, Koch, Pinto, Folly, Fouquet & Passos 2019 Pinto & Fernandes 2012  Family Typhlopidae (Typical Blind Snakes) Genus Amerotyphlops (American Blind Snakes)   Amerotyphlops brongersmianus Bahia Blind Snake Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Recoder, Junior, Camacho, Nunes, Mott, Valdujo, Ghellere, Nogueira & Rodrigues 2011   Amerotyphlops reticulatus Reticulated Blind Snake Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021  Family Viperidae (Vipers) Genus Bothrops (American Lanceheads)   Bothrops atrox Common Lancehead Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021   Bothrops lutzi Cerrado Lancehead Carrasco, Grazziotin, Farfan, Koch, Ochoa, Scrocchi, Leynaud & Chaparro 2019 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Loebmann 2009 Recoder, Junior, Camacho, Nunes, Mott, Valdujo, Ghellere, Nogueira & Rodrigues 2011 Vechio, Prates, Grazziotin, Graboski & Rodrigues 2021   Bothrops marmoratus Marbled Lancehead Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 David, Dobiey & Vogel 2018 Silva & Rodrigues 2008   Bothrops mattogrossensis Mato Grosso Lancehead Campbell & Lamar 2004 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Silva & Rodrigues 2008   Bothrops moojeni Brazilian Lancehead Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Recoder, Junior, Camacho, Nunes, Mott, Valdujo, Ghellere, Nogueira & Rodrigues 2011 Genus Crotalus (Typical Rattlesnakes)   Crotalus durissus South American Rattlesnake Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Genus Lachesis (Bushmasters)   Lachesis muta South American Bushmaster Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021

	Turtles (Testudines)
	= endemicEX = extinct or assumed extinct Species References  Family Chelidae (Austro-American Side-necked Turtles) Genus Chelus (Matamatas)   Chelus fimbriata Southern Matamata Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Lima Silveira 2011 Rhodin, Iverson, Bour, Fritz, Georges, Shaffer & Dijk 2021 Vargas-Ramirez, Caballero, Morales-Betancourt, Lasso, Amaya, Martinez, Silva Viana, Vogt, Pires Farias, Hrbek, Campbell & Fritz 2020 Genus Mesoclemmys (Hump-backed Toad-headed Turtles)   Mesoclemmys gibba Gibba Toad-headed Turtle Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Rhodin, Iverson, Bour, Fritz, Georges, Shaffer & Dijk 2021   Mesoclemmys vanderhaegei Tobati Toad-headed Turtle Brito, Strussmann, Kawashita-Ribeiro, Morais, Avila & Campos 2012 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Maffei, Nascimento, Moya & Donatelli 2016 Marques, Boehm, Brito, Cabrera & Verdade 2014 Rhodin, Iverson, Bour, Fritz, Georges, Shaffer & Dijk 2021 Genus Phrynops (Lesser Toad-headed Turtles)   Phrynops geoffroanus Brazilian Toad-headed Turtle Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Rhodin, Iverson, Bour, Fritz, Georges, Shaffer & Dijk 2021  Family Geoemydidae (Eastern Pond Turtles) Genus Rhinoclemmys (Neotropical Wood Turtles)   Rhinoclemmys punctularia Eastern Spotted-legged Turtle Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Dornas, Malvasio & Pinheiro 2011 Pereira, Santos, Vasconcelos & Oda 2013 Rhodin, Iverson, Bour, Fritz, Georges, Shaffer & Dijk 2021  Family Kinosternidae (American Mud and Musk Turtles) Genus Kinosternon (American Mud Turtles)   Kinosternon scorpioides Scorpion Mud Turtle Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Rhodin, Iverson, Bour, Fritz, Georges, Shaffer & Dijk 2021  Family Podocnemididae (Giant Side-necked Turtles) Genus Podocnemis (South American Side-necked River Turtles)   Podocnemis expansa Giant South American River Turtle Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Lubiana & Ferreira-Junior 2009 Portelinha, Malvasio, Pina & Bertoluci 2013 Rhodin, Iverson, Bour, Fritz, Georges, Shaffer & Dijk 2021 Salera-Junior, Goncalves Portelinha & Malvasio 2009 Salera-Junior, Malvasio & Goncalves Portelinha 2009   Podocnemis unifilis Yellow-spotted Amazon River Turtle Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Rhodin, Iverson, Bour, Fritz, Georges, Shaffer & Dijk 2021 Salera-Junior, Malvasio & Goncalves Portelinha 2009  Family Testudinidae (Tortoises) Genus Chelonoidis (South American Tortoises)   Chelonoidis carbonarius South American Red-footed Tortoise Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021   Chelonoidis denticulatus South American Yellow-footed Tortoise Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Rhodin, Iverson, Bour, Fritz, Georges, Shaffer & Dijk 2021