Citation: Midtgaard, Rune. RepFocus - A Survey of the Reptiles of the World. (www.repfocus.dk).
Latest update:
May 4th, 2025.
 
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Genus
Lachesis
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Bushmasters
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Buschmeister
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 |
Bushmastere, Stumme Klapperslanger
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1803 |  |
Lachesis Daudin (type species: Crotalus mutus Linnaeus 1766) |
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1811 | |
Trigonocephalus Oppel 1810 (type species: Scytale ammodytes Latreille in Sonnini & Latreille 1801 ["1801-02"]) |
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1815 | |
Trigalus Rafinesque [substitute name for Trigonocephalus Oppel 1811] |
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1820 | |
Cophias Merrem (type species: Coluber crotalinus Gmelin 1788) |
Contents:
5 species, of which 1 (20.0%) is endemic.
Endemism: 0%  100%
Distribution:
Central America, South America.
Reported from:
Bolivia,
Brazil
(Acre,
Alagoas,
Amapa,
Amazonas,
Bahia,
Ceara,
Espirito Santo,
Goias,
Maranhao,
Mato Grosso,
Minas Gerais,
Para
[incl.
Marajo Island],
Paraiba,
Pernambuco,
Piaui,
Rio de Janeiro,
Rio Grande do Norte,
Rondonia,
Roraima,
Sao Paulo,
Sergipe,
Tocantins),
Colombia,
Costa Rica,
Ecuador,
French Guiana,
Guyana,
Nicaragua,
Panama,
Peru,
Surinam,
Trinidad & Tobago
(Trinidad),
Venezuela.
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Meristic and other data
of the world's snakes.
Compiled by
V. Wallach
Key to abbreviations
Head drawings of the
genus Lachesis.
Compiled by V. Wallach
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Lachesis acrochorda
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Chocoan Bushmaster
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Choco-Buschmeister
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Chocó-bushmaster
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1896 | |
Bothrops acrochordus Garcia |
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1909 | |
Bothrops calcaratus Posada-Arango (syn. Campbell & Lamar 2004) |
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1909 | |
Bothrops verrucosus Posada-Arango (syn. Campbell & Lamar 2004) |
Remarks:
Previously regarded as a synonym of muta (e.g., Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970). Revalidated as a separate species by Campbell & Lamar (2004) and Ripa (2004).
Distribution:
Colombia,
Ecuador,
Panama.
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Lachesis acrochorda
© Henrik Bringsøe
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Lachesis melanocephala
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Black-headed Bushmaster, Costa Rican Bushmaster
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Schwarzkopf-Buschmeister
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Sorthovedet Bushmaster
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1986 | |
Lachesis muta melanocephala Solorzano & Cerdas |
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Lachesis melanocephala Zamudio & Greene 1997 |
Distribution:
Costa Rica,
Panama.
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Lachesis melanocephala
© Cesar Barrio Amorós
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Lachesis muta
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South American Bushmaster, Common Bushmaster
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Amazonische Buschmeister
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Sydamerikansk Bushmaster
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1766 | |
Crotalus mutus Linnaeus |
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Lachesis mutus Daudin 1803 |
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1788 | |
Coluber crotalinus Gmelin (syn. Campbell & Lamar 2004) |
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Cophias crotalinus Merrem 1820 |
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Trigonocephalus crotalinus Schinz 1822 |
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Crasedocephalus crotalinus [sic] Gray 1825 |
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1801 | |
Scytale ammodytes Latreille in Sonnini & Latreille [1801-02] (syn. Campbell & Lamar 2004) |
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1801 | |
Scytale catenatus Latreille in Sonnini & Latreille [1801-02] (syn. Campbell & Lamar 2004) |
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1802 | |
Coluber Alecto Shaw (syn. Campbell & Lamar 2004) |
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1803 | |
Lachesis ater Daudin (syn. Campbell & Lamar 2004) |
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1824 | |
Bothrops Surucucu Wagler (syn. Campbell & Lamar 2004) |
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1872 | |
Trigonocephalus brasiliensis Liais (syn. Campbell & Lamar 2004; Hamdan & al. 2024) |
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1966 | |
Lachesis muta noctivaga Hoge (syn. Hamdan & al. 2024) |
Remarks:
Previously included rhombeata.
Costa, Guedes & Bérnils (2021) did not include Piaui, Rio Grande do Norte, Sergipe, and Sao Paulo in the distribution, although reported from these states by other authors.
Distribution:
Bolivia,
Brazil
(Acre,
Amapa,
Amazonas,
Goias,
Maranhao,
Mato Grosso,
Para
[incl.
Marajo Island],
Rondonia,
Roraima,
Tocantins),
Colombia,
Ecuador,
French Guiana,
Guyana,
Peru,
Surinam,
Trinidad & Tobago
(Trinidad),
Venezuela.
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Lachesis muta
© Rune Midtgaard
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Lachesis rhombeata
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Atlantic Forest Bushmaster, Brazilian Bushmaster
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Ostbrasilianische Buschmeister
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Østbrasiliansk Bushmaster
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1824 | |
Lachesis rhombeata Wied |
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Trigonocephalus rhumbeatus [sic] Liais 1872 |
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Lachesis muta rhombeata Hoge & Romano 1978 |
Remarks:
Previously regarded as a subspecies of muta.
Revalidated as a separate species by Hamdan & al. (2024).
Distribution:
Brazil
(Alagoas,
Bahia,
Ceara,
Espirito Santo,
Minas Gerais,
Paraiba,
Pernambuco,
Rio de Janeiro).
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Lachesis stenophrys
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Central American Bushmaster
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Zentralamerikanischer Buschmeister
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Centralamerikansk Bushmaster
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1876 | |
Lachesis stenophrys Cope |
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Lachesis muta stenophrys Taylor 1951 |
Remarks:
Revalidated as a separate species by Zamudio & Greene (1997).
Although reported from Colombia (Pérez-Santos & Moreno 1988), presence in the country needs verification (see Cadle 1992).
Distribution:
Costa Rica,
Nicaragua,
Panama.
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Lachesis stenophrys
© Rune Midtgaard
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