Citation: Midtgaard, Rune. RepFocus - A Survey of the Reptiles of the World. (www.repfocus.dk).
Latest update: December 31st, 2022.
 
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Genus
Microcephalophis
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Small-headed Sea Snakes
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Kleinkopf-Seeschlangen
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Småhovedede Havslanger
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1801 |  |
Microcephalophis Latreille (type species: Hydrus gracilis Shaw 1802) |
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1842 | |
Liopala Gray (type species: Hydrus gracilis Shaw 1802; syn. Sanders, Lee, Mumpuni, Bertozzi & Rasmussen 2013 [by implication]) |
Contents:
2 species, none of which are endemic.
Endemism: 0%  100%
Remarks:
Status of this genus has been controversial, regarded either as a valid genus (e.g., Gasperetti 1988; Stuebing 1991, 1994; Das 1994, 1996; Murphy, Cox & Voris 1999; Wallach, Williams & Boundy 2014) or as a synonym of Hydrophis (Williams & Wallach 1989). Validity confirmed by Sanders, Lee, Mumpuni, Bertozzi & Rasmussen (2013).
Distribution:
N. Indian Ocean, SE. Asia, Malay Archipelago.
Reported from:
Australia
(Queensland
[incl.
Torres Strait Islands]),
Bangladesh,
China
(Fujian,
Guangdong,
Guangxi,
Hainan,
Hong Kong),
India
(Andaman & Nicobar Islands
[Andaman Islands],
Andhra Pradesh,
Goa,
Gujarat,
Karnataka,
Kerala,
Odisha,
Tamil Nadu,
West Bengal),
Indonesia
(Bangka,
Java,
Kalimantan,
Madura,
Sumatra),
Iran,
Iraq,
Malaysia
(Sabah,
West Malaysia),
Myanmar,
Oman,
Pakistan,
Papua New Guinea
(Eastern New Guinea),
Singapore,
Sri Lanka,
Thailand,
United Arab Emirates,
Vietnam.
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Microcephalophis cantoris
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Spotted Small-headed Sea Snake, (Cantor's Small-headed Sea Snake, Günther’s Sea Snake)
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Gefleckter Kleinkopf-Seeschlange
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Plettet Småhovedet Havslange
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1864 | |
Hydrophis cantoris Günther |
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Distira cantoris Wall 1909 |
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Microcephalophis cantoris Wall 1921 |
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Disteira cantoris Witte 1933 |
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1899 | |
Distira gillespiae Boulenger (Golay & al. 1993) |
Remarks:
Not mentioned for Kerala by Palot (2015).
Distribution:
Bangladesh,
India
(Andaman & Nicobar Islands
[Andaman Islands],
Gujarat,
Karnataka,
Kerala,
Odisha,
Tamil Nadu),
Iran,
Myanmar,
Pakistan,
Thailand.
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Microcephalophis gracilis
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Graceful Small-headed Sea Snake, Common Small-headed Sea Snake, Small-headed Slender Sea Snake, Slender Sea Snake, Banded Small-headed Sea Snake, Gracile Small-headed Sea Snake, Graceful Sea Snake, Narrow-headed Sea Snake, (John's Sea Snake)
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Gebänderte Kleinkopf-Seeschlange
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Båndet Småhovedet Havslange
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1802 | |
Hydrus gracilis Shaw |
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Enhydris gracilis Merrem 1820 |
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Disteira gracilis Fitzinger 1826 |
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Pelamis gracilis Gray 1831 |
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Microcephalophis gracilis Lesson 1834 |
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Hydrophis gracilis Duméril, Bibron & Duméril 1854 |
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Distira gracilis Wall 1909 |
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1827 | |
Hydrophis kadell-nagam Boie (Golay & al. 1993) |
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1852 | |
Thalassophis microcephala Schmidt (Golay & al. 1993) |
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Hydrophis microcephala Duméril, Bibron & Duméril 1854 |
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Microcephalophis gracilis microcephalus Smith 1926 |
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1856 | |
Hydrophis leprogaster Duméril & Bibron in Fischer (Golay & al. 1993) |
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1868 | |
Hydrophis guentheri Theobald (Golay & al. 1993) |
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1917 | |
Hydrophis rostralis Smith (Golay & al. 1993) |
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Disteira rostralis Werner 1924 |
Remarks:
Not mentioned for Kerala by Palot (2015).
Presence in Kuwait, although reported by Geniez (2018), is regarded as doubtful herein, following Amr, Alenezi, Al-Sayegh & Baker (2021),
who did not include the species for the country.
Distribution:
Australia
(Queensland
[incl.
Torres Strait Islands]),
Bangladesh,
China
(Fujian,
Guangdong,
Guangxi,
Hainan,
Hong Kong),
India
(Andhra Pradesh,
Goa,
Gujarat,
Kerala,
Odisha,
Tamil Nadu,
West Bengal),
Indonesia
(Bangka,
Java,
Kalimantan,
Madura,
Sumatra),
Iran,
Iraq,
Malaysia
(Sabah,
West Malaysia),
Myanmar,
Oman,
Pakistan,
Papua New Guinea
(Eastern New Guinea),
Philippines
(Luzon),
Singapore,
Sri Lanka,
Thailand,
United Arab Emirates,
Vietnam.
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