Reptiles of Singapore    Bibliography of the reptiles of Singapore Taxonomic history of the reptiles of Singapore Introduced species

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Citation: Midtgaard, Rune. RepFocus - A Survey of the Reptiles of the World. www.repfocus.dk (Compilation date: 26th June, 2023).

Checklist General remarks: The list includes only formally described species. Newly discovered, but still unnamed species are excluded. However, unnamed species or species unassigned to species level are included, if they are the only representatives of their genus in the region. Species counts exclude extinct and introduced species. Doubtful records, typically older voucher specimens of uncertain origin, have been excluded if considered questionable, as are records based on sources considered unreliable or controversial. Note: Your comments to the checklist (omissions, errors, etc.) are welcomed, preferably if they are provided with reliable references. If possible, please attach a pdf file of the relevant reference to an email addressed to:

	Crocodilians (Crocodylia)
	= endemicEX = extinct or assumed extinct Species References  Family Crocodylidae (Crocodiles) Genus Crocodylus (Typical Crocodiles)   Crocodylus porosus Saltwater Crocodile Baker & Lim 2008 Figueroa, Low & Lim 2023 Lim & Lim 1992 Rooij 1915

	Lizards (Sauria)
	= endemicEX = extinct or assumed extinct Species References  Family Agamidae (Agamas and Dragons) Genus Aphaniotis (Earless Agamas)   Aphaniotis fusca Blue-mouthed Earless Agama Baker & Lim 2008 Chan-ard, Grossmann, Gumprecht & Schulz 1999 Denzer & Manthey 1991 Figueroa, Low & Lim 2023 Grismer 2011 Lim & Lim 1992 Genus Bronchocela (Long-tailed Agamas)   Bronchocela cristatella Malayan Green Crested Agama Baker & Lim 2008 Chan-ard, Grossmann, Gumprecht & Schulz 1999 Denzer & Manthey 1991 Figueroa, Low & Lim 2023 Grismer 2011 Hallermann 2005 Lim & Lim 1992 Genus Draco (Gliding Dragons)   EX Draco abbreviatus Orange-bearded Gliding Dragon Baker & Lim 2008 [as D. fimbriatus] Denzer & Manthey 1991 [as D. fimbriatus] Figueroa, Low & Lim 2023 [as D. fimbriatus] Grismer 2011 Inger 1983 [as D. fimbriatus] Musters 1983 [as D. f. fimbriatus]   EX Draco maculatus Black-spotted Gliding Dragon Baker & Lim 2008   Draco melanopogon Black-bearded Gliding Dragon Baker & Lim 2008 Chan-ard, Grossmann, Gumprecht & Schulz 1999 Denzer & Manthey 1991 Figueroa, Low & Lim 2023 Grismer 2011   Draco quinquefasciatus Five-banded Gliding Dragon Baker & Lim 2008 Figueroa, Low & Lim 2023 Grismer 2011 Grismer, Powels & Youmans 2002 Musters 1983   Draco sumatranus Sumatran Gliding Dragon Baker & Lim 2008 Chan-ard, Grossmann, Gumprecht & Schulz 1999 [as volans] Denzer & Manthey 1991 Figueroa, Low & Lim 2023 Grismer 2011 Inger 1983 [as volans] Manthey 2008  Family Eublepharidae (Eyelid Geckos) Genus Aeluroscalabotes (Cat Gecko)   Aeluroscalabotes felinus Cat Gecko Baker & Lim 2008 Chan-ard, Grossmann, Gumprecht & Schulz 1999 Figueroa, Low & Lim 2023 Grismer 2011 Seufer, Kaverkin & Kirschner (eds.) 2005  Family Gekkonidae (Typical Geckos) Genus Cnemaspis (Asian Rock and Forest Geckos)   Cnemaspis peninsularis Peninsular Rock Gecko Baker & Lim 2008 [as kendallii] Bauer & Das 1998 [as kendallii] Chan-ard, Grossmann, Gumprecht & Schulz 1999 [as kendallii] Denzer & Manthey 1991 [as kendallii] Figueroa, Low & Lim 2023 Grismer 2011 [as kendallii] Grismer, Wood, Anuar, Riyanto, Ahmad, Muin, Sumontha, Grismer, Chan, Quah & Pauwels 2014 Lim & Lim 1992 [as kendallii] Genus Cyrtodactylus (Australasian Bent-toed Geckos)   Cyrtodactylus majulah Singapore Bent-toed Gecko Figueroa, Low & Lim 2023 Grismer, Wood & Lim 2012   Cyrtodactylus pantiensis Panti Mountain Bent-toed Gecko Figueroa, Low & Lim 2023   Cyrtodactylus quadrivirgatus Four-striped Bent-toed Gecko Baker & Lim 2008 Chan-ard, Grossmann, Gumprecht & Schulz 1999 Denzer & Manthey 1991 Figueroa, Low & Lim 2023 Grismer 2011 Lim & Lim 1992   Cyrtodactylus semenanjungensis Johor Bent-toed Gecko Figueroa, Low & Lim 2023 Genus Gehyra (Four-clawed Geckos)   Gehyra mutilata Common Four-clawed Gecko Baker & Lim 2008 Chan-ard, Grossmann, Gumprecht & Schulz 1999 Denzer & Manthey 1991 Figueroa, Low & Lim 2023 Grismer 2011 Lim & Lim 1992 Genus Gekko (Tokays)   Gekko browni West Malaysian Flap-legged Gecko Baker & Lim 2008 [as Luperosaurus browni] Figueroa, Low & Lim 2023 Grismer 2011 [as Luperosaurus browni] Lim & Lim 2006 [as Luperosaurus browni]   Gekko gecko Tokay Baker & Lim 2008 Chan-ard, Grossmann, Gumprecht & Schulz 1999 Denzer & Manthey 1991 Figueroa, Low & Lim 2023 Grismer 2011 Lim & Lim 1992 Roesler, Bauer, Heinicke, Greenbaum, Jackman, Nguyen & Ziegler 2011   Gekko horsfieldii Narrow-lobed Gliding Gecko Baker & Lim 2008 [as Ptychozoon horsfieldii] Figueroa, Low & Lim 2023 Grismer 2011 [as Ptychozoon horsfieldii]   Gekko hulk Southern Green-eyed Gecko Baker & Lim 2008 [as G. smithii] Chan-ard, Grossmann, Gumprecht & Schulz 1999 [as G. smithii] Denzer & Manthey 1991 [as G. smithii] Figueroa, Low & Lim 2023 Grismer 2011 [as G. smithii] Grismer, Pinto, Quah, Anuar, Cota, McGuire, Iskandar, Wood & Grismer 2022 Lim & Lim 1992 [as G. smithii] Roesler, Bauer, Heinicke, Greenbaum, Jackman, Nguyen & Ziegler 2011 [as G. smithii]   Gekko kuhli Wide-lobed Gliding Gecko Baker & Lim 2008 [as Ptychozoon kuhli] Chan-ard, Grossmann, Gumprecht & Schulz 1999 [as Ptychozoon kuhli] Figueroa, Low & Lim 2023 [as "G.cf. kuhli"] Grismer 2011 [as Ptychozoon kuhli]   Gekko monarchus Spotted House Gecko Baker & Lim 2008 Chan-ard, Grossmann, Gumprecht & Schulz 1999 Denzer & Manthey 1991 Figueroa, Low & Lim 2023 Grismer 2011 Lim & Lim 1992 Roesler, Bauer, Heinicke, Greenbaum, Jackman, Nguyen & Ziegler 2011 Genus Hemidactylus (Half-toed Geckos)   Hemidactylus craspedotus Malayan Frilled Gecko Baker & Lim 2008 Chan-ard, Grossmann, Gumprecht & Schulz 1999 Denzer & Manthey 1991 Figueroa, Low & Lim 2023 Grismer 2011 Lim & Lim 1992   Hemidactylus frenatus Asian House Gecko Baker & Lim 2008 Chan-ard, Grossmann, Gumprecht & Schulz 1999 Denzer & Manthey 1991 Figueroa, Low & Lim 2023 Grismer 2011 Lim & Lim 1992   Hemidactylus platyurus Flat-tailed Gecko Baker & Lim 2008 Chan-ard, Grossmann, Gumprecht & Schulz 1999 Denzer & Manthey 1991 Figueroa, Low & Lim 2023 Grismer 2011 Lim & Lim 1992 Genus Hemiphyllodactylus (Slender Geckos)   Hemiphyllodactylus typus Indo-Pacific Slender Gecko Baker & Lim 2008 Chan-ard, Grossmann, Gumprecht & Schulz 1999 Denzer & Manthey 1991 Figueroa, Low & Lim 2023 Grismer 2011 Lim & Lim 1992 Zug 2010 Genus Lepidodactylus (Scaly-toed Geckos)   Lepidodactylus lugubris Common Mourning Gecko Baker & Lim 2008 Denzer & Manthey 1991 Figueroa, Low & Lim 2023 Grismer 2011  Family Scincidae (Skinks) Genus Dasia (Indo-Malayan Tree Skinks)   Dasia grisea Grey Tree Skink Baker & Lim 2008 Figueroa, Low & Lim 2023 Grismer 2011   Dasia olivacea Olive Tree Skink Baker & Lim 2008 Chan-ard, Grossmann, Gumprecht & Schulz 1999 Denzer & Manthey 1991 Figueroa, Low & Lim 2023 Grismer 2011 Inger & Brown 1980 Lim & Lim 1992 Genus Emoia (Emo Skinks)   Emoia atrocostata Pacific Mangrove Skink Baker & Lim 2008 Brown 1991 Chan-ard, Grossmann, Gumprecht & Schulz 1999 Denzer & Manthey 1991 Figueroa, Low & Lim 2023 Grismer 2011 Lim & Lim 1992 Genus Eutropis (South Asian Sun Skinks)   Eutropis multifasciata Many-lined Sun Skink Baker & Lim 2008 Chan-ard, Grossmann, Gumprecht & Schulz 1999 Denzer & Manthey 1991 Figueroa, Low & Lim 2023 Grismer 2011 Lim & Lim 1992   Eutropis rugifera Rough-scaled Sun Skink Baker & Lim 2008 Chan-ard, Grossmann, Gumprecht & Schulz 1999 Denzer & Manthey 1991 Figueroa, Low & Lim 2023 Grismer 2011 Lim & Lim 1992 Genus Lipinia (Indo-Pacific Striped Skinks)   Lipinia vittigera Sipora Striped Skink Baker & Lim 2008 Figueroa, Low & Lim 2023 Grismer 2011 Genus Subdoluseps (Asian Agile Skinks)   Subdoluseps bowringii Short-legged Agile Skink Baker & Lim 2008 Chan-ard, Grossmann, Gumprecht & Schulz 1999 Denzer & Manthey 1991 Figueroa, Low & Lim 2023 Geissler, Nguyen, Phung, Van Devender, Hartmann, Farkas, Ziegler & Boehme 2011 Grismer 2011 Lim & Lim 1992 Genus Tytthoscincus (Dwarf Leaf-litter Skinks)   Tytthoscincus temasekensis Singapore Leaf-litter Skink Figueroa, Low & Lim 2023 Grismer, Muin, Wood, Anuar & Linkem 2016 [as "cf. sibuensis"] Grismer, Wood, Lim & Liang 2017  Family Varanidae (Monitor Lizards) Genus Varanus (Monitor Lizards)   Varanus dumerilii Harlequin Monitor Baker & Lim 2008 Figueroa, Low & Lim 2023 Grismer 2011 Yong, Fam & Ng 2008   Varanus nebulosus Clouded Monitor Baker & Lim 2008 Chan-ard, Grossmann, Gumprecht & Schulz 1999 Denzer & Manthey 1991 Figueroa, Low & Lim 2023 Grismer 2011 Lim & Lim 1992   Varanus salvator Asian Water Monitor Baker & Lim 2008 Chan-ard, Grossmann, Gumprecht & Schulz 1999 Denzer & Manthey 1991 Figueroa, Low & Lim 2023 Grismer 2011 Lim & Lim 1992

	Snakes (Serpentes)
	= endemicEX = extinct or assumed extinct Species References  Family Acrochordidae (Australasian File Snakes) Genus Acrochordus (Australasian File Snakes)   Acrochordus granulatus Lesser File Snake Baker & Lim 2008 Figueroa, Low & Lim 2023 Lim & Lim 1992 Rooij 1917 Wallach, Williams & Boundy 2014  Family Colubridae (Typical Snakes or Colubrids) Genus Ahaetulla (Oriental Whip Snakes)   Ahaetulla fasciolata Speckle-headed Whip Snake Baker & Lim 2008 Cox, Dijk, Nabhitabhata & Thirakhupt 1998 Figueroa, Low & Lim 2023 Lim & Lim 1992 Tweedie 1983 Wallach, Williams & Boundy 2014   Ahaetulla mycterizans Big-eyed Green Whip Snake Baker & Lim 2008 Figueroa, Low & Lim 2023 Grismer, Wood, Lim & Liang 2017 Midtgaard 2011   Ahaetulla prasina Short-nosed Whip Snake Baker & Lim 2008 Figueroa, Low & Lim 2023 Haas 1950 Leviton 1967 Lim & Lim 1992 Mertens 1930 Wallach, Williams & Boundy 2014 Genus Boiga (Australasian Cat Snakes)   Boiga cynodon Dog-toothed Cat Snake Baker & Lim 2008 Cox, Dijk, Nabhitabhata & Thirakhupt 1998 Figueroa, Low & Lim 2023 Haas 1950 Lim & Lim 1992 Orlov & Ryabov 2002   Boiga drapiezii White-spotted Cat Snake Baker & Lim 2008 Cox, Dijk, Nabhitabhata & Thirakhupt 1998 Figueroa, Low & Lim 2023 Leong, Lim & Baker 2009 Orlov & Ryabov 2002   Boiga jaspidea Jasper Cat Snake Baker & Lim 2008 Cox, Dijk, Nabhitabhata & Thirakhupt 1998 Figueroa, Low & Lim 2023 Haas 1950 Lim & Lim 1992 Orlov & Ryabov 2002 Tweedie 1983   Boiga melanota Western Mangrove Cat Snake Baker & Lim 2008 [as B. dendrophila] Brongersma 1934 Cox, Dijk, Nabhitabhata & Thirakhupt 1998 Figueroa, Low & Lim 2023 Haas 1950 Lim & Lim 1992 [as B. dendrophila] Orlov & Ryabov 2002 Genus Calamaria (Oriental Reed Snakes)   Calamaria albiventer White-bellied Reed Snake Baker & Lim 2008 Figueroa, Low & Lim 2023   Calamaria lovii Rejang River Reed Snake Baker & Lim 2008 [as gimletti] Figueroa, Low & Lim 2023   Calamaria lumbricoidea Variable Reed Snake Baker & Lim 2008 Cox, Dijk, Nabhitabhata & Thirakhupt 1998 Figueroa, Low & Lim 2023 Lim & Lim 1992   Calamaria schlegeli Pink-headed Reed Snake Baker & Lim 2008 Figueroa, Low & Lim 2023 Inger & Marx 1965 Lim & Lim 1992 Genus Chrysopelea (Flying Tree Snakes)   Chrysopelea paradisi Paradise Flying Tree Snake Baker & Lim 2008 Cox, Dijk, Nabhitabhata & Thirakhupt 1998 Figueroa, Low & Lim 2023 Haas 1950 Lim & Lim 1992 Mertens 1968   Chrysopelea pelias Twin-barred Flying Snake Baker & Lim 2008 Cox, Dijk, Nabhitabhata & Thirakhupt 1998 Figueroa, Low & Lim 2023 Haas 1950 Lim & Lim 1992 Mertens 1968 Genus Coelognathus (Oriental Rat Snakes)   Coelognathus flavolineatus Yellow-striped Rat Snake Baker & Lim 2008 Figueroa, Low & Lim 2023 Haas 1950 Lim & Lim 1992 Schulz 1996   Coelognathus radiatus Copper-headed Rat Snake Baker & Lim 2008 Haas 1950 Lim & Lim 1992 Schulz 1996 Tweedie 1983 Genus Dendrelaphis (Bronzebacks)   Dendrelaphis caudolineatus Malayan Stripe-tailed Bronzeback Baker & Lim 2008 Cox, Dijk, Nabhitabhata & Thirakhupt 1998 Figueroa, Low & Lim 2023 Haas 1950 Lim & Lim 1992   Dendrelaphis cyanochloris Green Bronzeback Figueroa, Low & Lim 2023 Leong 2005   Dendrelaphis formosus Elegant Bronzeback Baker & Lim 2008 Cox, Dijk, Nabhitabhata & Thirakhupt 1998 Figueroa, Low & Lim 2023 Haas 1950 Lim & Lim 1992   Dendrelaphis haasi Greater Sundas Bronzeback Figueroa, Low & Lim 2023 Lim & Cheong 2011   Dendrelaphis kopsteini Red-necked Bronzeback Baker & Lim 2008 Figueroa, Low & Lim 2023 Vogel & Rooijen 2007   Dendrelaphis pictus Southern Painted Bronzeback Baker & Lim 2008 Figueroa, Low & Lim 2023 Haas 1950 Lim & Lim 1992 Genus Dryophiops (Malayan Vine Snakes)   Dryophiops rubescens Keel-bellied Vine Snake Baker & Lim 2008 Cox, Dijk, Nabhitabhata & Thirakhupt 1998 Figueroa, Low & Lim 2023 Haas 1950 Lim & Lim 1992 Tweedie 1983 Genus Gongylosoma (Southeast Asian Ground Snakes)   Gongylosoma baliodeira Orange-bellied Ground Snake Baker & Lim 2008 Figueroa, Low & Lim 2023 Haas 1950 Lim & Lim 1992 Genus Gonyosoma (Oriental Green Rat Snakes and Rainbow Tree Snake)   Gonyosoma margaritatum Rainbow Tree Snake Baker & Lim 2008   Gonyosoma oxycephalum Red-tailed Green Rat Snake Baker & Lim 2008 Figueroa, Low & Lim 2023 Haas 1950 Lim & Lim 1992 Schulz 1996 Genus Hebius (Oriental Equatorial Keelbacks)   Hebius petersii Sarawak Spotted Keelback Baker & Lim 2008 Figueroa, Low & Lim 2023 Genus Liopeltis (Ringneck Snakes)   Liopeltis tricolor Malayan Ringneck Snake Baker & Lim 2008 Cox, Dijk, Nabhitabhata & Thirakhupt 1998 Figueroa, Low & Lim 2023 Genus Lycodon (Oriental Wolf Snakes)   Lycodon capucinus Island Wolf Snake Baker & Lim 2008 Figueroa, Low & Lim 2023 Iskandar & Colijn 2001 Leviton 1965 Lim & Lim 1992 [as aulicus] O'Shea, Kusuma & Kaiser 2018   Lycodon subannulatus Malayan Bridle Snake Baker & Lim 2008 Cox, Dijk, Nabhitabhata & Thirakhupt 1998 Figueroa, Low & Lim 2023 Haas 1950 Lee, Miller, Connette, Oo, Zug & Mulcahy 2018   Lycodon subcinctus Malayan Banded Wolf Snake Baker & Lim 2008 Figueroa, Low & Lim 2023 Lim 1989 Mertens 1930 Genus Oligodon (Kukri Snakes)   Oligodon octolineatus Eight-lined Kukri Snake Baker & Lim 2008 Figueroa, Low & Lim 2023 Lim & Lim 1992   Oligodon purpurascens Purple Kukri Snake Baker & Lim 2008 Cox, Dijk, Nabhitabhata & Thirakhupt 1998 Figueroa, Low & Lim 2023 Lim & Lim 1992   Oligodon signatus Barred Kukri Snake Baker & Lim 2008 Figueroa, Low & Lim 2023 Genus Pseudorabdion (Dwarf Reed Snakes)   Pseudorabdion longiceps Long-headed Dwarf Reed Snake Baker & Lim 2008 Figueroa, Low & Lim 2023 Grandison 1972 Haas 1950 Leviton & Brown 1959 Lim & Lim 1992 Genus Ptyas (Giant Rat Snakes and Oriental Green Snakes)   Ptyas carinata Malayan Keeled Rat Snake Baker & Lim 2008 Cox, Dijk, Nabhitabhata & Thirakhupt 1998 Figueroa, Low & Lim 2023 Haas 1950 Lim & Lim 1992 Taylor 1965   Ptyas fusca White-bellied Rat Snake Baker & Lim 2008 Cox, Dijk, Nabhitabhata & Thirakhupt 1998 Figueroa, Low & Lim 2023 Haas 1950   Ptyas korros Indochinese Rat Snake Baker & Lim 2008 Cox, Dijk, Nabhitabhata & Thirakhupt 1998 Figueroa, Low & Lim 2023 Haas 1950 Lim & Lim 1992   Ptyas mucosa Common Oriental Rat Snake Baker & Lim 2008 Haas 1950 Genus Rhabdophis (Asian Keelbacks)   Rhabdophis rhodomelas Blue-necked Keelback Baker & Lim 2008 Cox, Dijk, Nabhitabhata & Thirakhupt 1998 Figueroa, Low & Lim 2023 Grandison 1972 Haas 1950 Lim & Lim 1992 Taylor 1965   Rhabdophis siamensis Siamese Red-necked Keelback Baker & Lim 2008 [as subminiatus] Genus Sibynophis (Oriental Black-headed Snakes)   Sibynophis melanocephalus White-lipped Black-headed Snake Baker & Lim 2008 Cox, Dijk, Nabhitabhata & Thirakhupt 1998 Figueroa, Low & Lim 2023 Lim & Lim 1992 Genus Xenelaphis (Asian Brown Snakes)   Xenelaphis hexagonotus Sunda Brown Snake Baker & Lim 2008 Figueroa, Low & Lim 2023 Haas 1950 Lim & Lim 1992 Genus Xenochrophis (Oriental Painted Keelbacks)   Xenochrophis maculatus Malayan Spotted Keelback Baker & Lim 2008 Figueroa, Low & Lim 2023 Haas 1950 Lim & Lim 1992   Xenochrophis trianguligerus South Asian Triangle Keelback Baker & Lim 2008 Cox, Dijk, Nabhitabhata & Thirakhupt 1998 Figueroa, Low & Lim 2023 Grandison 1972 Haas 1950 Lim & Lim 1992  Family Cylindrophiidae (Asian Pipe Snakes) Genus Cylindrophis (Oriental Pipe Snakes)   Cylindrophis ruffus Red-tailed Pipe Snake Amarasinghe, Campbell, Hallermann, Sidik, Supriatna & Ineich 2015 [as C. mirzae] Baker & Lim 2008 Bernstein, Bauer, McGuire, Arida, Kaiser, Kieckbusch & Mecke 2020 Figueroa, Low & Lim 2023 Lim & Lim 1992 McDiarmid, Campbell & Toure 1999 Rooij 1917  Family Elapidae [part 1: terrestrial species] (Cobras, Mambas, etc.) Genus Bungarus (Kraits)   Bungarus candidus Malayan Krait Baker & Lim 2008 Cox, Dijk, Nabhitabhata & Thirakhupt 1998 Cox, Hoover, Chanhome, Thirakhupt & Pongcharoen 2018 Lim & Lim 1992   Bungarus fasciatus Banded Krait Baker & Lim 2008 Cox, Dijk, Nabhitabhata & Thirakhupt 1998 Cox, Hoover, Chanhome, Thirakhupt & Pongcharoen 2018 Figueroa, Low & Lim 2023 Haas 1950 Lim & Lim 1992 Genus Calliophis (South Asian Coral Snakes)   Calliophis bivirgatus Red-bellied Coral Snake Baker & Lim 2008 Cox, Dijk, Nabhitabhata & Thirakhupt 1998 Cox, Hoover, Chanhome, Thirakhupt & Pongcharoen 2018 Figueroa, Low & Lim 2023 Haas 1950 Iskandar & Colijn 2001 Lim & Lim 1992 Rooij 1917   Calliophis gracilis Graceful Coral Snake Baker & Lim 2008 Cox, Hoover, Chanhome, Thirakhupt & Pongcharoen 2018 Figueroa, Low & Lim 2023 Haas 1950 Rooij 1917   Calliophis intestinalis Malayan Striped Coral Snake Baker & Lim 2008 Cox, Hoover, Chanhome, Thirakhupt & Pongcharoen 2018 Figueroa, Low & Lim 2023 Haas 1950 Iskandar & Colijn 2001 Leviton 1963 Lim & Lim 1992 Rooij 1917 Genus Naja (Typical Cobras)   Naja sumatrana Sunda Spitting Cobra Baker & Lim 2008 Cox, Dijk, Nabhitabhata & Thirakhupt 1998 Cox, Hoover, Chanhome, Thirakhupt & Pongcharoen 2018 Figueroa, Low & Lim 2023 Lim & Lim 1992 Genus Ophiophagus (King Cobra)   Ophiophagus hannah King Cobra Baker & Lim 2008 Cox, Hoover, Chanhome, Thirakhupt & Pongcharoen 2018 Figueroa, Low & Lim 2023 Haas 1950 Leviton 1964 Lim & Lim 1992 Lim, Leong & Lim 2011 Tweedie 1983  Family Elapidae [part 2: marine species] (Sea Snakes) Genus Aipysurus (Olive Sea Snakes)   Aipysurus eydouxii White-spotted Sea Snake Figueroa, Low & Lim 2023 Haas 1950 Lim & Lim 1992 Rooij 1917 Sanders, Rasmussen, Elmberg, Mumpuni, Guinea, Blias, Lee & Fry 2012 Smith 1926 Wallach, Williams & Boundy 2014 Genus Hydrophis (Typical Sea Snakes)   Hydrophis curtus Short Sea Snake Figueroa, Low & Lim 2023 [as H. hardwickii] Gritis & Voris 1990 Iskandar & Colijn 2001 [as Lapemis hardwickii] Lim & Lim 1992 Rooij 1917 [as Lapemis hardwickii] Smith 1926 [as Lapemis hardwickii]   Hydrophis platurus Yellow-bellied Sea Snake Cox, Dijk, Nabhitabhata & Thirakhupt 1998 Figueroa, Low & Lim 2023   Hydrophis schistosus Beaked Sea Snake Cox, Dijk, Nabhitabhata & Thirakhupt 1998 Figueroa, Low & Lim 2023 Haas 1950 Lim & Lim 1992   Hydrophis stokesii Large-headed Sea Snake Figueroa, Low & Lim 2023 Gasperetti 1988 Haas 1950 Rooij 1917 Smith 1926 Smith 1943 Genus Laticauda (Sea Kraits)   Laticauda colubrina Yellow-lipped Sea Krait Baker & Lim 2008 Cox, Dijk, Nabhitabhata & Thirakhupt 1998 Cox, Hoover, Chanhome, Thirakhupt & Pongcharoen 2018 Figueroa, Low & Lim 2023 Heatwole, Busack & Cogger 2005 Haas 1950 Iskandar & Colijn 2001 Kharin, Roedel & Hallermann 2010 Lim & Lim 1992 Rooij 1917 Smith 1926 Smith 1943   Laticauda laticaudata Blue-lipped Sea Krait Kharin, Roedel & Hallermann 2010  Family Homalopsidae (Australasian Mud Snakes) Genus Bitia (Keel-bellied Estuarine Snake)   Bitia hydroides Keel-bellied Estuarine Snake Baker & Lim 2008 Figueroa, Low & Lim 2023 Gyi 1970 Murphy 2007 Genus Cantoria (Yellow-banded Mangrove Snake)   Cantoria violacea Yellow-banded Mangrove Snake Baker & Lim 2008 Figueroa, Low & Lim 2023 Gyi 1970 Murphy & Voris 2014 Murphy 2007 Smith 1943 Genus Cerberus (Dog-faced Water Snakes)   Cerberus schneiderii South East Asian Dog-faced Water Snake Baker & Lim 2008 [as C. rynchops] Chim & Diong 2013 Figueroa, Low & Lim 2023 Gyi 1970 [as C. rynchops] Lim & Lim 1992 [as C. rynchops] Murphy & Voris 2014 Murphy 2007 [as C. rynchops] Murphy, Voris & Karns 2012 Genus Enhydris (Asian Mud Snakes)   Enhydris enhydris Striped Mud Snake Baker & Lim 2008 Cox, Dijk, Nabhitabhata & Thirakhupt 1998 Figueroa, Low & Lim 2023 Gyi 1970 Lim & D'Rozario 2009 Genus Fordonia (White-bellied Mangrove Snake)   Fordonia leucobalia White-bellied Mangrove Snake Baker & Lim 2008 Cox, Dijk, Nabhitabhata & Thirakhupt 1998 Figueroa, Low & Lim 2023 Murphy & Voris 2014 Murphy 2007 Genus Gerarda (Glossy Marsh Snake)   Gerarda prevostiana Glossy Marsh Snake Baker & Lim 2008 Figueroa, Low & Lim 2023 Genus Homalopsis (Masked Water Snakes)   Homalopsis buccata Malayan Masked Water Snake Baker & Lim 2008 Figueroa, Low & Lim 2023 Gyi 1970 Lim & Lim 1992 Murphy & Voris 2014 Murphy 2007 Murphy, Voris, Murthy, Traub & Cumberbatch 2012 Genus Phytolopsis (Blackwater Mud Snake)   Phytolopsis punctata Blackwater Mud Snake Figueroa, Low & Lim 2023 Genus Raclitia (Selangor Mud Snake)   Raclitia indica Selangor Mud Snake Figueroa, Low & Lim 2023  Family Lamprophiidae (House Snakes, etc.) Genus Psammodynastes (Asian Mock Vipers)   Psammodynastes pictus Painted Mock Viper Baker & Lim 2008 Figueroa, Low & Lim 2023 Haas 1950 Lim & Lim 1992  Family Pareidae (Oriental Slug Eaters) Genus Asthenodipsas (Malayan Slug Eaters)   Asthenodipsas laevis Smooth Slug Eater Figueroa, Low & Lim 2023 Lim 2009 Quah, Grismer, Lim, Anuar & Imbun 2019  Family Pythonidae (Pythons) Genus Malayopython (Malayan Pythons)   Malayopython reticulatus Reticulated Python Baker & Lim 2008 Cox, Dijk, Nabhitabhata & Thirakhupt 1998 Figueroa, Low & Lim 2023 Lim & Lim 1992 Rooij 1917 Tweedie 1983 Genus Python (Typical Pythons)   EX Python brongersmai Blood Python Baker & Lim 2008 Cox, Dijk, Nabhitabhata & Thirakhupt 1998 Figueroa, Low & Lim 2023 Iskandar & Colijn 2001 Keogh, Barker & Shine 2001 Rooij 1917 [as curtus] Stimson 1969  Family Typhlopidae (Typical Blind Snakes) Genus Argyrophis (Southeast Asian Blind Snakes)   Argyrophis muelleri Malayan Bicoloured Blind Snake Baker & Lim 2008 Cox, Dijk, Nabhitabhata & Thirakhupt 1998 Figueroa, Low & Lim 2023 Hahn 1980 Lim & Lim 1992 Genus Ramphotyphlops (Western Pacific Blind Snakes)   Ramphotyphlops lineatus Striped Blind Snake Baker & Lim 2008 Figueroa, Low & Lim 2023 Hahn 1980 Iskandar & Colijn 2001 McDiarmid, Campbell & Toure 1999 Genus Virgotyphlops (Brahminy Blind Snake)   Virgotyphlops braminus Brahminy Blind Snake Baker & Lim 2008 Cox, Dijk, Nabhitabhata & Thirakhupt 1998 Figueroa, Low & Lim 2023 Hahn 1980 Lim & Lim 1992 McDiarmid, Campbell & Toure 1999 Wallach 2009 Wallach 2020  Family Viperidae (Vipers) Genus Calloselasma (Malayan Pitviper)   Calloselasma rhodostoma Malayan Pitviper Cox, Hoover, Chanhome, Thirakhupt & Pongcharoen 2018 Genus Parias (Malay Archipelago Pitvipers)   Parias hageni Bangka Green Pitviper Baker & Lim 2008 Cox, Hoover, Chanhome, Thirakhupt & Pongcharoen 2018 Figueroa, Low & Lim 2023 Gumprecht, Tillack, Orlov, Captain & Ryabov 2004 McDiarmid, Campbell & Toure 1999 Vogel, David & Sidik 2022 Genus Trimeresurus (Oriental Pitvipers)   Trimeresurus purpureomaculatus Mangrove Pitviper Baker & Lim 2008 Cox, Dijk, Nabhitabhata & Thirakhupt 1998 Cox, Hoover, Chanhome, Thirakhupt & Pongcharoen 2018 Figueroa, Low & Lim 2023 Gumprecht, Tillack, Orlov, Captain & Ryabov 2004 Haas 1950 Lim & Lim 1992 McDiarmid, Campbell & Toure 1999 Regenass & Kramer 1981 Genus Tropidolaemus (Temple Pitvipers)   Tropidolaemus wagleri Speckled Pitviper Baker & Lim 2008 Cox, Dijk, Nabhitabhata & Thirakhupt 1998 Cox, Hoover, Chanhome, Thirakhupt & Pongcharoen 2018 Figueroa, Low & Lim 2023 Gumprecht, Tillack, Orlov, Captain & Ryabov 2004 Haas 1950 Leviton 1964 Lim & Lim 1992 Vogel, David, Lutz, Rooijen & Vidal 2007  Family Xenopeltidae (Asian Sunbeam Snakes) Genus Xenopeltis (Asian Sunbeam Snakes)   Xenopeltis unicolor Common Asian Sunbeam Snake Baker & Lim 2008 Figueroa, Low & Lim 2023 Haas 1950 Lim & Lim 1992 McDiarmid, Campbell & Toure 1999 Orlov 2000 Rooij 1917

	Turtles (Testudines)
	= endemicEX = extinct or assumed extinct Species References  Family Carettochelyidae (Pig-nosed Turtle) Genus Caretta (Loggerhead Sea Turtle)   Caretta caretta Loggerhead Sea Turtle Figueroa, Low & Lim 2023 King & Burke 1989 Genus Chelonia (Green Sea Turtle)   Chelonia mydas Green Sea Turtle Figueroa, Low & Lim 2023 King & Burke 1989 Lim & Lim 1992 Rhodin, Iverson, Bour, Fritz, Georges, Shaffer & Dijk 2021 Genus Eretmochelys (Hawksbill Sea Turtle)   Eretmochelys imbricata Hawksbill Sea Turtle Figueroa, Low & Lim 2023 Lim & Lim 1992 Rhodin, Iverson, Bour, Fritz, Georges, Shaffer & Dijk 2021 Genus Lepidochelys (Ridley Sea Turtles)   Lepidochelys olivacea Olive Ridley Sea Turtle Figueroa, Low & Lim 2023 King & Burke 1989 Rhodin, Iverson, Bour, Fritz, Georges, Shaffer & Dijk 2021  Family Dermochelyidae (Leatherback Sea Turtle) Genus Dermochelys (Leatherback Sea Turtle)   Dermochelys coriacea Leatherback Sea Turtle Figueroa, Low & Lim 2023 King & Burke 1989 Lim & Lim 1992  Family Geoemydidae (Eastern Pond Turtles) Genus Batagur (River Terrapins)   EX Batagur affinis Southern River Terrapin Moll, Platt, Chan, Horne, Platt, Praschag, Chen & Dijk 2015 Rhodin, Iverson, Bour, Fritz, Georges, Shaffer & Dijk 2021   EX Batagur borneoensis Red-crowned Terrapin Baker & Lim 2008 Figueroa, Low & Lim 2023 Genus Cuora (Asian Box Turtles)   Cuora amboinensis Southeast Asian Box Turtle Baker & Lim 2008 Figueroa, Low & Lim 2023 Lim & Lim 1992 Rooij 1915 Schoppe & Das 2011 Genus Cyclemys (Asian Leaf Turtles)   Cyclemys dentata Common Leaf Turtle Baker & Lim 2008 Figueroa, Low & Lim 2023 Fritz, Gaulke & Lehr 1997 Rhodin, Iverson, Bour, Fritz, Georges, Shaffer & Dijk 2021 Genus Heosemys (Forest Turtles)   Heosemys spinosa Spiny Turtle Baker & Lim 2008 Figueroa, Low & Lim 2023 Lim & Lim 1992 Rhodin, Iverson, Bour, Fritz, Georges, Shaffer & Dijk 2021 Rooij 1915 Genus Notochelys (Malayan Flat-shelled Turtle)   Notochelys platynota Malayan Flat-shelled Turtle Baker & Lim 2008 Figueroa, Low & Lim 2023 King & Burke 1989 Lim & Lim 1992 Rhodin, Iverson, Bour, Fritz, Georges, Shaffer & Dijk 2021 Rooij 1915  Family Testudinidae (Tortoises) Genus Manouria (Indochinese Tortoises)   EX Manouria emys Asian Giant Tortoise Rhodin, Iverson, Bour, Fritz, Georges, Shaffer & Dijk 2021 Stanford, Wanchai, Schaffer, Schaffer & Thirakhupt 2015  Family Trionychidae (Softshell Turtles) Genus Amyda (Southeast Asian Softshell Turtles)   Amyda cartilaginea Sunda Softshell Turtle Auliya, Dijk, Moll & Meylan 2016 Baker & Lim 2008 Figueroa, Low & Lim 2023 [as "A. cf. cartilaginea"] Lim & Lim 1992 Genus Dogania (Malayan Softshell Turtle)   Dogania subplana Malayan Softshell Turtle Baker & Lim 2008 Cox, Dijk, Nabhitabhata & Thirakhupt 1998 Figueroa, Low & Lim 2023 Lim & Lim 1992 Rhodin, Iverson, Bour, Fritz, Georges, Shaffer & Dijk 2021 Rooij 1915 Genus Pelochelys (Indomalayan Giant Softshell Turtles)   EX Pelochelys cantorii Asian Giant Softshell Turtle Baker & Lim 2008 Figueroa, Low & Lim 2023 Rhodin, Iverson, Bour, Fritz, Georges, Shaffer & Dijk 2021