Home - Taxonomy - Geography - Biodiversity - Literature - Purchase RepFocus Recent updates Citation: Midtgaard, Rune. RepFocus - A Survey of the Reptiles of the World. (www.repfocus.dk). Latest update: December 31st, 2022. Taxonomy of the family Scincidae Bibliography of the genus Plestiodon Biodiversity of the family Scincidae Genus Plestiodon Blue-tailed Skinks, Toothy Skinks, Long Skinks, (Long-legged Skinks) Zahnskinke Tandskinker 1839 Plestiodon Dumeril & Bibron (type species: Lacerta quinquelineata Linnaeus 1766) 1843 Pariocela Fitzinger (type species: Scincus laticeps Schneider 1801; syn. Smith 2005) 1843 Pleistodon Fitzinger [emendation] 1848 Plistodon Agassiz [emendation] 1852 Lamprosaurus Hallowell (type species: Lamprosaurus guttulatus Hallowell 1852; syn. Taylor 1935) 1910 Neoseps Stejneger (type species: Neoseps reynoldsi Stejneger 1910; syn. Schmitz, Mausfeld & Embert 2004) Contents: 50 species, of which 36 (72.0%) are endemic. Endemism: 0% 100% Remarks: Previously included in Eumeces (e.g., Taylor 1935). Revalidated (as Pariocela) by Griffith, Ngo & Murphy (2000). Subsequently, it was demonstrated that Pariocela is a junior synonym of Plestiodon (Smith 2005). Distribution: North America, N. Central America, Bermuda, E. and SE. Asia. Reported from: Belize, Bermuda, Cambodia, Canada (British Columbia, Manitoba, Ontario), China (Anhui, Beijing, Chongqing, Fujian, Gansu, Guangdong [incl. Nan Ao Island], Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Hebei, Henan, Hong Kong [incl. Shek Kwu Chau Island], Hubei, Hunan, Inner Mongolia, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Liaoning, Macau, Ningxia, Shaanxi, Shandong, Shanxi, Sichuan, Yunnan, Zhejiang), Guatemala, Honduras, Japan (Hokkaido, Honshu, Kyushu, Shikoku, Izu Islands, Ryukyu Islands [incl. Okinawa Islands, Sakishima Islands (incl. Miyako Islands, Yaeyama Islands), Satsunan Islands [incl. Tokara Islands (incl. Kuchinoshima)]), Laos, Mexico (Aguascalientes, Baja California Norte [incl. Islas Coronados [incl. Isla Coronado Sur], Baja California Sur, Campeche, Chiapas, Chihuahua, Coahuila, Colima, Distrito Federal, Durango, Guanajuato, Guerrero, Hidalgo, Jalisco, Mexico State, Michoacan, Morelos, Nayarit, Nuevo Leon, Oaxaca, Puebla, Queretaro, Quintana Roo, San Luis Potosi, Sinaloa, Sonora, Tabasco, Tamaulipas, Tlaxcala, Veracruz, Yucatan, Zacatecas), North Korea, Russia (incl. Kuril Islands), Taiwan, Thailand, USA (Alabama, Arizona, Arkansas, California, Colorado, Connecticut, Delaware, Florida, Georgia, Idaho, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Michigan, Minnesota, Mississippi, Missouri, Montana, Nebraska, Nevada, New Jersey, New Mexico, New York, North Carolina, North Dakota, Ohio, Oklahoma, Oregon, Pennsylvania, South Carolina, South Dakota, Tennessee, Texas, Utah, Vermont, Virginia, Washington, Washington, D.C., West Virginia, Wisconsin, Wyoming), Vietnam (incl. Cat Ba Island). Plestiodon anthracinus Coal Skink Kohlenskink Kulskink 1849 Plestiodon anthracinus Baird Eumeces anthracinus Cope 1875 Pariocela anthracinus Schmitz, Mausfeld & Embert 2004 [by implication] 1880 Eumeces pluvialis Cope (Schmidt 1953) Eumeces anthracinus pluvialis Smith 1946 Plestiodon anthracinus pluvialis Queiroz & Reeder in Crother (ed.) 2008 Other common names: anthracinus: Northern Coal Skink pluvialis: Southern Coal Skink Distribution: USA (Alabama, Arkansas, Florida, Georgia, Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, Missouri, New York, North Carolina, Ohio, Oklahoma, Pennsylvania, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, West Virginia). Plestiodon barbouri Amami Islands Blue-tailed Skink, (Barbour's Skink) Amami-Blauschwanzskink Amami-blåhaleskink 1912 Eumeces barbouri Van Denburgh Pariocela barbouri Schmitz, Mausfeld & Embert 2004 [by implication] Plestiodon barbouri Smith 2005 [by implication] Distribution: Japan (Ryukyu Islands [incl. Okinawa Islands, Satsunan Islands]). Plestiodon bilineatus Two-lined Short-nosed Skink Zweistreifiger Blauschwanzskink Tostribet Blåhaleskink 1958 Eumeces brevirostris bilineatus Tanner Plestiodon bilineatus Brandley, Ota, Hikida, Montes de Oca, Fería-Ortíz, Guo & Wang 2012 Remarks: Previously regarded as a subspecies of brevirostris (e.g., Dixon 1969). Distribution: Mexico (Chihuahua, Durango, Jalisco, Zacatecas), Plestiodon brevirostris Short-nosed Skink, (Chihuahua Short-nosed Skink) Kurzschnäuziger Blauschwanzskink Kortsnudet Blåhaleskink 1860 Mabouia brevirostris Günther Eumeces brevirostris Bocourt 1879 Pariocela brevirostris Schmitz, Mausfeld & Embert 2004 [by implication] Plestiodon brevirostris Smith 2005 [by implication] 1960 Eumeces dicei pineus Axtell (status uncertain; Brandley, Ota, Hikida, Montes-de-Oca, Fería-Ortíz, Guo & Wang 2012) Eumeces brevirostris pineus Dixon 1969 Other common names: brevirostris: Eastern Short-nosed Skink pineus: Pine Woods Short-nosed Skink Remarks: Previously included bilineatus, dicei, and indubitus. The status of pineus is uncertain. The type locality is in Coahuila, however, brevirostris was not listed for the state by neither Lemos-Espinal & Smith (2016), nor Lazcano, Nevárez-de los Reyes, García-Padilla, Johnson, Mata-Silva, DeSantis & Wilson (2019), presumably because of the uncertain status of the form. The same is probably the case for Nuevo Leon, from where pineus has also been reported, however, brevirostris was not listed for the state by Nevárez-de los Reyes, Lazcano, García-Padilla, Mata-Silva, Johnson & Wilson (2016). Intergrades between pineus and dicei (status uncertain) have been recorded in Tamaulipas (Dixon 1969), but brevirostris was not listed for the state by Nevárez-de-los-Reyes, Lazcano, García-Padilla, Mata-Silva, Johnson & Wilson (2016). Not listed for Jalisco by Cruz-Sáenz, Muñoz-Nolasco, Mata-Silva, Johnson, García-Padilla & Wilson (2017). Records from Chihuahua (e.g., Zweifel 1954; Jones & Lovich (eds.) 2009) refer to bilineatus. The species was not included for the state by Lemos-Espinal, Smith, Woolrich-Piña & Cruz (2017). Not listed for Colima by Lemos-Espinal, Smith, Pierce & Painter (2020) or Reyes-Velasco, Grünwald, Jones & Ahumada-Carrillo (2020), although reported by Canseco-Márquez, Mendoza-Quijano, Ponce-Campos (2007). Distribution: Mexico (Coahuila, Colima, Distrito Federal, Durango, Guerrero, Jalisco, Mexico State, Michoacan, Morelos, Nuevo Leon, Oaxaca, Puebla, San Luis Potosi, Tamaulipas, Tlaxcala, Veracruz, Zacatecas). Plestiodon callicephalus North American Mountain Skink Nordamerikanischer Gebirgsskink Nordamerikansk Bjergskink 1879 Eumeces callicephalus Bocourt Eumeces tetragrammus callicephalus Lieb 1985 Plestiodon callicephalus Tanner 1987 Remarks: This species has been treated variously as a separate species (e.g., Tanner 1987, Queiroz & Reeder in Crother (ed.) 2008; Echegoyen 2009) or as a subspecies of tetragrammus (e.g., Lieb 1985, 1990). A record from Queretaro (e.g., Smith & Taylor 1950; Zweifel 1962) is considered doubtful (Dixon, Ketchersid & Lieb 1972). Distribution: Mexico (Chihuahua, Durango, Jalisco, Nayarit, Sinaloa, Sonora, Zacatecas), USA (Arizona, New Mexico). Plestiodon capito Northern Chinese Blue-tailed Skink Nordchinesischer Blauschwanzskink Nordkinesisk Blåhaleskink 1879 Eumeces capito Bocourt Pariocela capito Schmitz, Mausfeld & Embert 2004 [by implication] Plestiodon capito Smith 2005 [by implication] 1889 Eumeces xanthi Günther (Zhao & Adler 1993) 1924 Eumeces pekinensis Stejneger (Zhao & Adler 1993) Distribution: China (Beijing, Gansu, Guizhou, Hebei, Henan, Hubei, Inner Mongolia, Liaoning, Ningxia, Shaanxi, Sichuan, Tianjin). Plestiodon chinensis Eastern Chinese Long Skink, Chinese Skink, Chinese Blue-tailed Skink Ostchinesischer Blauschwanzskink, Chinaskink Østkinesisk Blåhaleskink 1838 Tiliqua chinensis Gray Plestiodon chinensis Gray 1845 Mabouia chinensis Swinhoe 1863 Eumeces chinensis Müller 1879 Pariocela chinensis Schmitz, Mausfeld & Embert 2004 [by implication] 1839 Plestiodon pulchrum Duméril & Bibron (Zhao & Adler 1993) Eumeces pulcher Schmidt 1927 Eumeces chinensis pulcher Pope 1935 1839 Plestiodon sinense Duméril & Bibron (Taylor 1935) 1842 Tiliqua rufo-guttata Cantor (Stejneger 1907) 1912 Eumeces chinensis formosensis Denburgh 1983 Eumeces chinensis daishanensis Mao Remarks: Previously included leucostictus. The eastern Taiwanese populations previously referred to chinensis, are now assigned to leucostictus, however, chinensis is still present in the western part of the island (Kurita, Nakamura, Okamoto, Lin & Hikida 2017). Distribution: China (Anhui, Chongqing, Fujian, Guangdong [incl. Nan Ao Island], Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Hong Kong, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Liaoning, Macau, Shaanxi, Shandong, Shanghai, Sichuan, Yunnan, Zhejiang), Taiwan, Vietnam. Plestiodon chinensis © Rune Midtgaard Plestiodon colimensis Colima Skink Colimaskink Colimaskink 1935 Eumeces colimensis Taylor Pariocela colimensis Schmitz, Mausfeld & Embert 2004 [by implication] Plestiodon colimensis Smith 2005 [by implication] Distribution: Mexico (Colima, Jalisco, Michoacan, Sinaloa). Plestiodon copei Central Mexican Blue-tailed Skink, (Cope's Skink) Zentralamerikanischer Blauschwanzskink Centralamerikansk Blåhaleskink 1933 Eumeces copei Taylor Pariocela copei Schmitz, Mausfeld & Embert 2004 [by implication] Plestiodon copei Smith 2005 [by implication] Remarks: Although included for Jalisco by Cruz-Sáenz, Guerrero, Lazcano & Télles-López (2009), presence in the state is considered undocumented herein, following Cruz-Sáenz, Muñoz-Nolasco, Mata-Silva, Johnson, García-Padilla & Wilson (2017), who did not list the species for Jalisco. Distribution: Mexico (Distrito Federal, Mexico State, Michoacan, Morelos, Puebla, Tlaxcala, Veracruz). Plestiodon coreensis Korean Skink Koreaskink Koreaskink 1937 Eumeces coreensis Doi & Kamita Pariocela coreensis Schmitz, Mausfeld & Embert 2004 [by implication] Plestiodon coreensis Smith 2005 [by implication] Distribution: North Korea. Plestiodon dicei Tamaulipan Blue-tailed Skink, (Dice's Short-nosed Skink) Tamaulipas-Blauschwanzskink Tamaulipas-blåhaleskink 1933 Eumeces dicei Ruthven & Gaige Eumeces brevirostris dicei Dixon 1969 Plestiodon dicei Brandley, Ota, Hikida, Montes de Oca, Fería-Ortíz, Guo & Wang 2012 Remarks: Previously regarded as a subspecies of brevirostris (e.g., Dixon 1969; Robinson 1979). Revalidated as a separate species by Brandley, Ota, Hikida, Montes de Oca, Fería-Ortíz, Guo & Wang (2012). Distribution: Mexico (Coahuila, Nuevo Leon, San Luis Potosi, Tamaulipas). Plestiodon dugesii Guanajuato Blue-tailed Skink, (Dugès' Skink) Guanajuato-Blauschwanzskink Guanajuato-blåhaleskink 1883 Eumeces dugesii Thominot Pariocela dugesii Schmitz, Mausfeld & Embert 2004 [by implication] Plestiodon dugesii Smith 2005 [by implication] Distribution: Mexico (Guanajuato, Jalisco, Mexico State, Michoacan). Plestiodon egregius North American Mole Skink Nordamerikanischer Maulwurfskink Nordamerikansk Muldvarpeskink 1858 Plestiodon egregius Baird Eumeces egregius Cope 1875 Pariocela egregius Schmitz, Mausfeld & Embert 2004 [by implication] 1871 Plistodon onocrepis Cope (Mount 1965) Eumeces egregius onocrepis Taylor 1935 Plestiodon egregius onocrepis Queiroz & Reeder in Crother (ed.) 2008 1957 Eumeces egregius similis McConkey Plestiodon egregius similis Queiroz & Reeder in Crother (ed.) 2008 1965 Eumeces egregius insularis Mount Eumeces insularis Collins 1991 Plestiodon egregius insularis Queiroz & Reeder in Crother (ed.) 2008 1965 Eumeces egregius lividus Mount Plestiodon egregius lividus Queiroz & Reeder in Crother (ed.) 2008 Other common names: egregius: Florida Keys Mole Skink insularis: Cedar Key Mole Skink lividus: Blue-tailed Mole Skink onocrepis: Peninsula Mole Skink similis: Northern Mole Skink Remarks: Collins (1991) suggested recognition of insularis as a separate species. Distribution: USA (Alabama, Florida, Georgia). Plestiodon elegans Elegant Five-lined Skink, Elegant Blue-tailed Skink, Five-striped Blue-tailed Skink, Shanghai Elegant Skink Chinesischer Fünfstreifiger Skink Kinesisk Femstribet Skink 1887 Eumeces elegans Boulenger Lygosoma elegans Günther 1888 Plestiodon elegans Sun 1926 Pariocela elegans Schmitz, Mausfeld & Embert 2004 [by implication] 1863 Mabouia chinensis Swinhoe [not Tiliqua chinensis Gray 1838] (Stejneger 1907) 1879 Eumeces pulchra Bocourt [not Plestiodon pulchrum Duméril & Bibron] (Stejneger 1907) Distribution: China (Anhui, Beijing, Chongqing, Fujian, Guangdong [incl. Nan Ao Island], Guangxi, Guizhou, Hebei, Henan, Hong Kong, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Shandong, Shaanxi, Shanghai, Shanxi, Sichuan, Tianjin, Yunnan, Zhejiang), Japan (Ryukyu Islands [incl. Sakishima Islands]), Taiwan, Vietnam. Plestiodon fasciatus North American Five-lined Skink Amerikanischer Streifenskink Nordamerikansk Femstribet Skink, (Båndskink) 1758 Lacerta fasciata Linnaeus Scincus fasciatus DeKay 1842 Plestiodon fasciatus Baird 1859 Eumeces fasciata Cope 1875 Pariocela fasciatus Schmitz, Mausfeld & Embert 2004 [by implication] 1766 Lacerta quinquelineata Linnaeus (Schmidt 1953) 1856 Plestiodon vittigerum Hallowell (Schmidt 1953) 1868 Plistodon striatus Abbott (Schmidt 1953) 1871 Plistodon lineatus Cope (Schmidt 1953) Remarks: Reported twice from Massachusetts during 19th century. Apparently extirpated, but may still exist in the western part of the state (Klemens 1993). Extinct in: USA (Massachusetts). Distribution: Canada (Ontario), USA (Alabama, Arkansas, Connecticut, Delaware, Florida, Georgia, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Michigan, Minnesota, Mississippi, Missouri, Nebraska, New Jersey, New York, North Carolina, Ohio, Oklahoma, Pennsylvania, South Carolina, South Dakota, Tennessee, Texas, Vermont, Virginia, Washington, D.C., West Virginia, Wisconsin). Plestiodon finitimus Northern Japanese Blue-tailed Skink Nordjapanischer Blauschwanzskink Nordjapansk Blåhaleskink 2012 Plestiodon finitimus Okamoto & Hikida Remarks: Records of latiscutatus from Kunashir Island (Kuril Islands, Russia [but claimed by Japan]) are here tentatively regarded as a population of finitimus, following Okamoto & Hikida (2012). Distribution: Japan (Hokkaido, Honshu), Russia (Kuril Islands). Plestiodon gilberti North American Brown Skink, (Gilbert's Skink) Nordamerikanischer Brauner Skink Nordamerikansk Brun Skink 1896 Eumeces gilberti Van Denburgh Pariocela gilberti Schmitz, Mausfeld & Embert 2004 [by implication] Plestiodon gilberti Smith 2005 [by implication] 1900 Eumeces skiltonianus brevipes Cope (Jones 1985) 1935 Eumeces gilberti rubricaudatus Taylor Eumeces rubricaudatus Smith 1946 Plestiodon gilberti rubricaudatus Queiroz & Reeder in Crother (ed.) 2008 1944 Eumeces gilberti placerensis Rodgers Plestiodon gilberti placerensis Queiroz & Reeder in Crother (ed.) 2008 1947 Eumeces gilberti cancellosus Rodgers & Fitch Plestiodon gilberti cancellosus Queiroz & Reeder in Crother (ed.) 2008 1954 Eumeces gilberti arizonensis Lowe & Shannon Eumeces arizonensis Collins 1991 Plestiodon gilberti arizonensis Queiroz & Reeder in Crother (ed.) 2008 Other common names: arizonensis: Arizona Skink cancellosus: Variegated Skink gilberti: Greater Brown Skink placerensis: Northern Brown Skink rubricaudatus: Western Red-tailed Skink Remarks: Richmond & Reeder (2002) presented evidence that gilberti consists os three separate species, but no formal taxonomic decisions were made by the authors (Crother, Boundy & al. 2003). Collins (1991) suggested recognition of arizonensis as a separate species. Distribution: Mexico (Baja California Norte [incl. Islas Coronados]), USA (Arizona, California, Nevada). Plestiodon indubitus Mexican Short-nosed Skink Mexicanischer Blauschwanzskink Mexicansk Blåhaleskink 1933 Eumeces indubitus Taylor Eumeces brevirostris indubitus Dixon 1969 Plestiodon indubitus Brandley, Ota, Hikida, Montes de Oca, Fería-Ortíz, Guo & Wang 2012 Remarks: Previously regarded as a subspecies of brevirostris (e.g., Dixon 1969). Revalidated as a separate species by Brandley, Ota, Hikida, Montes de Oca, Fería-Ortíz, Guo & Wang (2012). Presence in Distrito Federal not considered verified by Lemos-Espinal & Smith (2020). Distribution: Mexico (Colima, Distrito Federal, Durango, Guerrero, Jalisco, Mexico State, Michoacan, Morelos). Plestiodon inexpectatus Southeastern Five-lined Skink Südöstlicher Fünfstreifiger Skink Sydøstlig Femstribet Skink 1932 Eumeces inexpectatus Taylor Pariocela inexpectatus Schmitz, Mausfeld & Embert 2004 [by implication] Plestiodon inexpectatus Smith 2005 [by implication] Distribution: USA (Alabama, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Ohio, South Carolina, Tennessee, Virginia). Plestiodon japonicus Japanese Five-lined Skink, Far Eastern Skink Japanischer Fünfstreifiger Skink Japansk Femstribet Skink 1838 Scincus quinquelineatus Schlegel [not Lacerta quinquelineata Linnaeus 1766] 1864 Eumeces quinquelineatus japonicus Peters Eumeces japonicus Goris & Maeda 2004 Pariocela japonicus Schmitz, Mausfeld & Embert 2004 [by implication] Plestiodon japonicus Smith 2005 [by implication] Remarks: For a long time, this species was known as latiscutatus (e.g., Stejneger 1907; Taylor 1935), however, this name has been shown to correspond to the species previously known as okadae. Introduced to: Japan (Izu Islands). Distribution: Japan (Honshu, Kyushu, Shikoku, Ryukyu Islands [incl. Satsunan Islands]). Plestiodon kishinouyei Ryukyu Islands Giant Skink, (Kishinoue's Giant Skink) Ryukyu-Riesenskink Ryukyu-kæmpeskink 1901 Eumeces kishinouyei Stejneger Pariocela kishninouyei Schmitz, Mausfeld & Embert 2004 [by implication] Plestiodon kishinouyei Smith 2005 [by implication] Distribution: Japan (Ryukyu Islands: Sakishima Islands [incl. Miyako Islands, Yaeyama Islands]). Plestiodon kuchinoshimensis Kuchinoshima Five-lined Skink Kuchinoshima-Blauschwanzskink Kuchinoshima-blåhaleskink 2014 Plestiodon kuchinoshimensis Kurita & Hikida Distribution: Japan (Ryukyu Islands: Satsunan Islands: Tokara Islands: Kuchinoshima). Plestiodon lagunensis San Lucan Skink San-Lucas-Skink San Lucas-skink 1895 Eumeces lagunensis Van Denburgh Plestiodon lagunensis Van Denburgh & Slevin 1921 Plestiodon skiltonianus lagunensis Nelson 1922 Eumeces skiltonianus lagunensis Linsdale 1932 Pariocela lagunensis Schmitz, Mausfeld & Embert 2004 [by implication] Remarks: Status uncertain. Most recent authors seem to recognise it as a separate species from skiltonianus (e.g., Flores-Villela 1993; Liner 1994). Distribution: Mexico (Baja California Sur). Plestiodon laticeps North American Broad-headed Skink Breitkopfskink, Rotkopfskink Nordamerikansk Bredhovedskink 1801 Scincus laticeps Schneider Plestiodon laticeps Duméril & Bibron 1839 Eumeces laticeps Peters 1864 Pariocela laticeps Schmitz, Mausfeld & Embert 2004 [by implication] 1801 Lacerta tristata Latreille (Cooper 1988) 1818 Scincus erythrocephalus Gilliams (Cooper 1988) 1824 Scincus bicolor Harlan (Cooper 1988) 1835 Scincus americanus Harlan (Cooper 1988) 1900 Eumeces polygrammus Cope (Cooper 1988) Remarks: Presence in Pennsylvania needs confirmation. Only two records, one from 1905 and one from 1985 (Hulse, McCoy & Censky 2001). Distribution: USA (Alabama, Arkansas, Florida, Georgia, Illinois, Indiana, Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, Missouri, North Carolina, Ohio, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, West Virginia). Plestiodon latiscutatus Izu Islands Five-lined Skink, (Okada's Five-lined Skink) Izu-Blauschwanzskink Izu-blåhaleskink 1860 Plestiodon latiscutatus Hallowell Eumeces latiscutatus Goris & Maeda 2004 Pariocela latiscutatus Schmitz, Mausfeld & Embert 2004 [by implication] 1907 Eumeces latiscutatus okadae Stejneger (Goris & Maeda 2004) Eumeces okadae Taylor 1935 Remarks: Now restricted to the Izu Peninsula of Honshu and Izu Islands, as records from remaining parts of Honshu represent finitimus (Okamoto & Hikida 2012). Records from Kunashir Island (Kuril Islands, Russia) are here tentatively regarded as a population of finitimus, following Okamoto & Hikida (2012). Distribution: Japan (Honshu, Izu Islands). Plestiodon leucostictus Taiwanese Long Skink Taiwanischer Blauschwanzskink Taiwansk Blåhaleskink 1988 Eumeces chinensis leucostictus Hikida Pariocela chinensis leucosticta Schmitz, Mausfeld & Embert 2004 (by implication) Plestiodon chinensis leucostictus Smith 2005 (by implication) Plestiodon leucostictus Kurita, Nakamura, Okamoto, Lin & Hikida 2017 Remarks: Includes the eastern Taiwanese populations previously assigned to P. chinesis formosensis. Distribution: Taiwan (incl. Lutao Island). Plestiodon liui Jiangsu Blue-tailed Skink Jiangsu-Blauschwanzskink Jiangsu-blåhaleskink 1989 Eumeces liui Hikida & Zhao Pariocela liui Schmitz, Mausfeld & Embert 2004 [by implication] Plestiodon liui Smith 2005 [by implication] Distribution: China (Guangdong [incl. Nan Ao Island], Henan, Hubei, Jiangsu, Zhejiang). Plestiodon longiartus South Guerreran Blue-tailed Skink Südlicher Guerrero-Blauschwanzskink Sydlig Guerrero-blåhaleskink 2021 Plestiodon longiartus García-Vázquez, Pavón-Vázquez, Feria-Ortiz & Nieto-Montes de Oca Distribution: Mexico (Guerrero, Oaxaca). Plestiodon longirostris Bermuda Rock Skink, Bermuda Rock Lizard Bermudaskink Bermudaskink 1861 Plestiodon longirostris Cope Eumeces longirostris Cope 1875 Pariocela longirostris Schmitz, Mausfeld & Embert 2004 [by implication] Distribution: Bermuda. Plestiodon lotus Balsas Blue-tailed Skink Balsas-Blauschwanzskink Balsas-blåhaleskink 2017 Plestiodon lotus Pavón-Vázquez, Nieto-Montes de Oca, Mendoza-Hernández, Centenero-Alcalá, Santa Cruz-Padilla & Jiménez-Arcos Distribution: Mexico (Guerrero, Morelos, Oaxaca, Puebla). Plestiodon lynxe Oak Forest Skink Eichenskink Egeskovsskink 1834 Euprepes lynxe Wiegmann Eumeces lynxe Peters 1864 Pariocela lynxe Schmitz, Mausfeld & Embert 2004 [by implication] Plestiodon lynxe Smith 2005 [by implication] 1845 Plestiodon bellii Gray (Smith & Taylor 1950) Eumeces lynxe belli Parker 1960 1885 Eumeces furcirostris Cope (Smith & Taylor 1950) Eumeces lynxe furcirostris Smith & Taylor 1950 1958 Eumeces lynxe durangoensis Tanner (Legler & Webb 1960) Other common names: belli: Bell's Oak Forest Skink lynxe: Eastern Oak Forest Skink Distribution: Mexico (Aguascalientes, Durango, Guanajuato, Hidalgo, Jalisco, Mexico State, Nayarit, Nuevo Leon, Puebla, Queretaro, San Luis Potosi, Tamaulipas, Tlaxcala, Veracruz, Zacatecas). Plestiodon marginatus Ryukyu Five-lined Skink Ryukyu-Blauschwanzskink Ryukyu-blåhaleskink 1860 Plestiodon marginatus Hallowell Eumeces marginatus Boulenger 1887 Pariocela marginatus Schmitz, Mausfeld & Embert 2004 [by implication] 1912 Eumeces oshimensis Thompson (Motokawa, Toyama & Hikida 2001) Eumeces marginatus oshimensis Nakamura & Uéno 1963 1912 Eumeces marginatus amamiensis Van Denburgh (Taylor 1935) 1912 Eumeces marginatus kikaigensis Van Denburgh (Taylor 1935) Remarks: Includes the subspecies oshimensis, previously regarded as separate species. Distribution: Japan (Ryukyu Islands [incl. Okinawa Islands, Satsunan Islands (incl. Tokara Islands)]). Plestiodon multilineatus Chihuahua Skink Chihuahuaskink Chihuahuaskink 1957 Eumeces multilineatus Tanner Pariocela multilineatus Schmitz, Mausfeld & Embert 2004 [by implication] Plestiodon multilineatus Smith 2005 [by implication] 1959 Eumeces multivirgatus mexicanus Anderson & Wilhoft (Legler & Webb 1960) Distribution: Mexico (Chihuahua). Plestiodon multivirgatus North American Many-lined Skink Vielstreifiger Blauschwanzskink Mangestribet Blåhaleskink 1857 Plestiodon multivirgatum Hallowell Eumeces multivirgatus Cope 1875 Pariocela multivirgatus Schmitz, Mausfeld & Embert 2004 [by implication] 1858 Plestiodon inornatus Baird (Mecham 1980) 1858 Plestiodon leptogrammus Baird (Mecham 1980) 1880 Eumeces epipleurotis Cope (Mecham 1980) Plestiodon multivirgatus epipleurotis Queiroz & Reeder in Crother (ed.) 2008 1935 Eumeces gaigei Taylor (Mecham 1957, 1980; Axtell & Smith 2004) Eumeces gaigeae Maslin 1959 [emendation of incorrect original spelling] Eumeces multivirgatus gaigei Lowe 1955 1942 Eumeces taylori Smith (Mecham 1957, 1980) Eumeces multivirgatus taylori Lowe 1955 Other common names: gaigeae: Variable Skink multivirgatus: Northern Many-lined Skink Remarks: Hammerson (1999) suggested that epipleurotis (under the name gaigeae) is a different species than multivirgatus. Crother, Boundy & al. (2003) retained the traditional taxonomy, pending further studies. Distribution: Mexico (Chihuahua), USA (Arizona, Colorado, Nebraska, New Mexico, South Dakota, Texas, Utah, Wyoming). Plestiodon nietoi La Llave Blue-tailed Skink La-Llave-Blauschwanzskink La Llave-blåhaleskink 2012 Plestiodon nietoi Feria-Ortiz & García-Vázquez Distribution: Mexico (Guerrero). Plestiodon obsoletus Great Plains Skink Nordamerikanischer Ebeneskink Nordamerikansk Sletteskink 1852 Plestiodon obsoletum Baird & Girard Eumeces obsoletus Cope 1875 Pariocela obsoletus Schmitz, Mausfeld & Embert 2004 [by implication] 1852 Lamprosaurus guttulatus Hallowell (Taylor 1935) Distribution: Mexico (Chihuahua, Coahuila, Durango, Nuevo Leon, San Luis Potosi, Sonora, Tamaulipas), USA (Arizona, Arkansas, Colorado, Iowa, Kansas, Missouri, Nebraska, New Mexico, Oklahoma, Texas). Plestiodon ochoterenae West Guerreran Blue-tailed Skink, (Guerreran Skink) Westlicher Guerrero-Blauschwanzskink Vestlig Guerrero-blåhaleskink 1933 Eumeces ochoterenae Taylor Eumeces ochoterenai Smith & Taylor 1950 [emendation] Pariocela ochoterenae Schmitz, Mausfeld & Embert 2004 [by implication] Plestiodon ochoterenae Smith 2005 [by implication] Distribution: Mexico (Guerrero, Oaxaca). Plestiodon parviauriculatus Northern Pygmy Skink Nordmexicanischer Zwerg-Blauschwanzskink Nordmexicansk Dværg-blåhaleskink 1933 Eumeces parviauriculatus Taylor Pariocela parviauriculatus Schmitz, Mausfeld & Embert 2004 [by implication] Plestiodon parviauriculatus Smith 2005 [by implication] Distribution: Mexico (Chihuahua, Nayarit, Sinaloa, Sonora). Plestiodon parvulus Southern Pygmy Skink Südmexicanischer Zwerg-Blauschwanzskink Sydmexicansk Dværg-blåhaleskink 1933 Eumeces parvulus Taylor Pariocela parvulus Schmitz, Mausfeld & Embert 2004 [by implication] Plestiodon parvulus Smith 2005 [by implication] Distribution: Mexico (Colima, Jalisco, Michoacan, Nayarit, Sinaloa). Plestiodon popei Fujian Blue-tailed Skink Fujian-Blauschwanzskink Fujian-blåhaleskink 1989 Eumeces popei Hikida Pariocela popei Schmitz, Mausfeld & Embert 2004 [by implication] Plestiodon popei Smith 2005 [by implication] Distribution: China (Fujian). Plestiodon quadrilineatus Four-striped Long Skink, Four-striped Skink, Four-lined Blue-tailed Skink, Four-lined Asian Skink, Hong Kong Skink, (Four-striped Skink, Blue-tailed Skink) Südostasiatischer Vierstreifiger Blauschwanzskink Sydøstasiatisk Firstribet Blåhaleskink 1853 Plestiodon quadrilineatum Blyth Mabouia quadrilineata Günther 1864 Eumeces quadrilineatus Bocourt 1870 Pariocela quadrilineatus Schmitz, Mausfeld & Embert 2004 [by implication] 1861 Eumeces quadrivirgatus Hallowell (Zhao & Adler 1993) Distribution: Cambodia, China (Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan, Hong Kong [incl. Shek Kwu Chau Island], Macau), Laos, Thailand, Vietnam (incl. Cat Ba Island). Plestiodon reynoldsi Florida Sand Skink Florida-Sandskink Florida-sandskink 1910 Neoseps reynoldsi Stejneger Pariocela reynoldsi Schmitz, Mausfeld & Embert 2004 Plestiodon reynoldsi Smith 2005 [by implication] Remarks: Already Richmond & Reeder (2002) suggested that reynoldsi is nested within Plestiodon (then Eumeces), but no taxonomic changes were proposed by these authors. Distribution: USA (Florida). Plestiodon septentrionalis Prairie Skink Prärieskink Prærieskink 1858 Plestiodon septentrionalis Baird Eumeces septentrionalis Cope 1875 Pariocela septentrionalis Schmitz, Mausfeld & Embert 2004 [by implication] 1879 Eumeces obtusirostris Bocourt (Schmidt 1953) Eumeces septentrionalis obtusirostris Taylor 1935 Plestiodon septentrionalis obtusirostris Queiroz & Reeder in Crother (ed.) 2008 Plestiodon obtusirostris Ballinger, Lynch & Smith 2010 1880 Eumeces pachyurus Cope (Schmidt 1953) 1949 Eumeces septentrionalis pallidus Smith & Slater Plestiodon septentrionalis pallidus Queiroz & Reeder in Crother (ed.) 2008 Plestiodon obtusirostris pallidus Ballinger, Lynch & Smith 2010 Other common names: obtusirostris: Southern Prairie Skink pallidus: Pallid Skink septentrionalis: Northern Prairie Skink Remarks: Collins (1991) suggested recognition of obtusirostris as a separate species. This has been followed by some authors (e.g., Toal & Reiserer 1992; Daniel & Edmond 2006), and Fuerst & Austin's (2004) results supported Collins' suggestion, although they stated that further studies are needed to resolve the matter. Distribution: Canada (Manitoba), USA (Arkansas, Iowa, Kansas, Louisiana, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Oklahoma, South Dakota, Texas, Wisconsin). Plestiodon skiltonianus Western Skink Westamerikanischer Blauschwanzskink Vestamerikansk Blåhaleskink 1852 Plestiodon skiltonianum Baird & Girard Eumeces skiltonianus Cope 1875 Pariocela skiltonianus Schmitz, Mausfeld & Embert 2004 [by implication] 1859 Eumeces quadrilineatus Hallowell (Tanner 1988) 1879 Eumeces hallowellii Bocourt (Tanner 1988) 1900 Eumeces skiltonianus amblygrammus Cope (Tanner 1988) 1958 Eumeces skiltonianus interparietalis Tanner Plestiodon skiltonianus interparietalis Queiroz & Reeder in Crother (ed.) 2008 1958 Eumeces skiltonianus utahensis Tanner Plestiodon skiltonianus utahensis Queiroz & Reeder in Crother (ed.) 2008 Other common names: interparietalis: Coronado Island Skink skiltonianus: Skilton's Skink, (Great Basin Skink) utahensis: Great Basin Skink, (Western Skink) Remarks: Some authors regard lagunensis as a subspecies of skiltonianus (e.g., Tanner 1988). Distribution: Canada (British Columbia), Mexico (Baja California Norte [incl. Islas Coronados (incl. Isla Coronado Sur)]), USA (Arizona, California, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, Oregon, Utah, Washington, Wyoming). Plestiodon stimpsonii Yaeyama Seven-lined Skink Siebenstreifiger Blauschwanzskink Syvstribet Blåhaleskink 1912 Eumeces stimpsonii Thompson Eumeces marginatus stimpsonii Welch, Cooke & Wright 1990 Pariocela stimpsoni Schmitz, Mausfeld & Embert 2004 [by implication] Plestiodon stimpsoni Smith 2005 [by implication] 1912 Eumeces ishigakiensis Van Denburgh (Taylor 1935) Distribution: Japan (Ryukyu Islands: Sakishima Islands: Yaeyama Islands). Plestiodon sumichrasti Veracruz Blue-tailed Skink, (Sumichrast's Skink) Veracruz-Blauschwanzskink Veracruz-blåhaleskink 1867 Plistodon sumichrasti Cope Eumeces sumichrasti Bocourt 1879 Pariocela sumichrasti Schmitz, Mausfeld & Embert 2004 [by implication] Plestiodon sumichrasti Smith 2005 [by implication] 1895 Eumeces rovirosae Dugès (Peters & Donoso-Barros 1970) 1932 Eumeces schmidti Dunn (Peters & Donoso-Barros 1970) Distribution: Belize, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico (Campeche, Chiapas, Oaxaca, Quintana Roo, Tabasco, Veracruz, Yucatan). Plestiodon takarai Senkaku Skink Senkakuskink Senkaku-skink 2017 Plestiodon takarai Kurita, Ota & Hikida Remarks: Previously regarded as a population of elegans (e.g., Goris & Maeda 2005). Distribution: Japan (Ryukyu Islands: Sakishima Islands: Senkaku Islands). Plestiodon tamdaoensis Tamdao Blue-tailed Skink, (Vietnamese Skink) Tamdao-Blauschwanzskink Tamdao-blåhaleskink 1937 Eumeces tamdaoensis Bourret Pariocela tamdaoensis Schmitz, Mausfeld & Embert 2004 [by implication] Plestiodon tamdaoensis Smith 2005 [by implication] Distribution: China (Hong Kong), Vietnam. Plestiodon tetragrammus North American Four-lined Skink Nordamerikanischer Vierstreifiger Blauschwanzskink Nordamerikansk Firstribet Blåhaleskink 1858 Plestiodon tetragrammus Baird Eumeces tetragrammus Cope 1875 Pariocela tetragrammus Schmitz, Mausfeld & Embert 2004 [by implication] 1880 Eumeces brevilineatus Cope (Lieb 1990) Eumeces tetragrammus brevilineatus Lieb 1985 Plestiodon tetragrammus brevilineatus Queiroz & Reeder in Crother (ed.) 2008 1883 Eumeces bocourtii Boulenger [not Brocchi 1876] (Lieb 1990) 1887 Eumeces humilis Boulenger (Lieb 1990) 1900 Eumeces tetragrammus funebrosus Cope (Lieb 1990) Other common names: brevilineatus: Short-lined Skink tetragrammus: Long-lined Skink Remarks: Previously included callicephalus. Also brevilineatus is considered a distinct species by some authors (e.g., Tanner 1987). Jones & Lovich (eds.) (2009) erroneously listed tetragrammus from Baja California Sur. Distribution: Mexico (Chihuahua, Coahuila, Guanajuato, Hidalgo, Nuevo Leon, Queretaro, San Luis Potosi, Tamaulipas, Veracruz), USA (Texas). Plestiodon tunganus Sichuan Blue-tailed Skink Sichuan-Blauschwanzskink Sichuan-blåhaleskink 1924 Eumeces tunganus Stejneger Pariocela tunganus Schmitz, Mausfeld & Embert 2004 [by implication] Plestiodon tunganus Smith 2005 [by implication] Distribution: China (Sichuan).