Citation: Midtgaard, Rune. RepFocus - A Survey of the Reptiles of the World. (www.repfocus.dk).
Latest update: December 31st, 2022.
 
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Genus
Mauremys
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Stripe-necked Turtles, Eurasian Freshwater Turtles
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Bachschildkröten, Eurasische Wasserschildkröten
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Asiatisk-Palæarktiske Sumpskildpadder
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1869 |  |
Mauremys Gray (type species: Emys fuliginosus Gray 1860) |
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1870 | |
Emmenia Gray (type species: Emys grayi Günther 1869; syn. Fritz & Havas 2006) |
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1870 | |
Eryma Gray [not Eryma Meyer 1840 (Crustacea); not Eryma Albers 1854 (Gastropoda); not Eryma Förster 1868 (Hymenoptera)] (type species: Emys laticeps Gray 1854; syn. Fritz & Havas 2006) |
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1870 | |
Ocadia Gray (type species: Emys sinensis Gray 1834; syn. Spinks, Shaffer, Iverson & McCord 2004) |
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1931 | |
Cathaiemys Lindholm (type species: Emys muticus Cantor 1842; syn. Fritz & Havas 2006) |
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1931 | |
Chinemys Smith (type species: Emys reevesii Gray 1831; syn. Spinks, Shaffer, Iverson & McCord 2004) |
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1931 | |
Pseudocadia Lindholm (type species: Testudo anyangensis Ping 1930; syn. Fritz & Havas 2006) |
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1939 | |
Annamemys Bourret (type species: Annamemys merkleni Bourret 1939; syn. Fritz & Havas 2006) |
Contents:
9 species, of which 2 (22.2%) are endemic.
Endemism: 0%  100%
Other common names:
Annamemys: Vietnamese Leaf Turtle
Chinemys: Chinese Pond Turtles
Ocadia: Chinese Stripe-necked Turtles, Thread Turtles
Remarks:
Two recently described species of Mauremys have turned out to be hybrids. Mauremys iversoni, described from Fujian, China, by Pritchard & McCord (1991) was based on a hybrid between Mauremys mutica and
Cuora trifasciata (Fritz & Havas 2006). Mauremys pritchardi, described by McCord (1997) was based on a hybrid between Mauremys mutica and Mauremys reevesii (Fritz & Havas 2006). Likewise, Ocadia glyphistoma (Guangxi Stripe-necked Turtle), described from Guangxi, China, by McCord & Iverson (1994), was based on a hybrid between Mauremys sinensis and M. annamensis (Vetter & Van Dijk 2006), and Ocadia philippeni (Philippen’s Stripe-necked Turtle), described from Hainan, China, by McCord & Iverson (1992), turned out to be a hybrid between Mauremys sinensis and
Cuora trifasciata (Vetter & Van Dijk 2006).
Distribution:
N. Africa, S. Europe, Middle East, E. Asia.
Reported from:
Albania,
Algeria,
Armenia,
Azerbaijan,
Bahrain,
Bosnia-Herzegovina,
Bulgaria,
China
(Anhui,
Chongqing,
Fujian,
Gansu,
Guangdong,
Guangxi,
Guizhou,
Hainan,
Hebei,
Henan,
Hong Kong
[incl.
Shek Kwu Chau Island],
Hubei,
Hunan,
Jiangsu,
Jiangxi,
Macau,
Shandong,
Shaanxi,
Shanxi,
Sichuan,
Yunnan,
Zhejiang),
Croatia,
Cyprus,
France,
Georgia,
Greece
(incl.
Aegean Islands
[incl.
Dodecanese Islands
(incl.
Rhodes)],
Crete),
Iran,
Iraq,
Israel,
Japan
(Honshu,
Kyushu,
Shikoku,
Tsushima Islands),
Jordan,
Lebanon,
Libya,
Montenegro,
Morocco,
North Korea,
North Macedonia,
Portugal,
Russia,
Saudi Arabia,
South Korea,
Spain,
Syria,
Taiwan,
Tunisia,
Turkey
(incl.
European Turkey),
Turkmenistan,
Vietnam.
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Mauremys annamensis
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Annam Leaf Turtle, Vietnamese Leaf Turtle, Vietnamese Pond Turtle
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Annam-Wasserschildkröte
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Vietnamesisk Bladskildpadde
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1903 | |
Cyclemys annamensis Siebenrock |
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Cuora annamensis Bourret 1927 |
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Annamemys annamensis Savage 1953 |
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Mauremys annamensis Iverson & McCord 1994 |
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Cathaiemys annamensis Vetter in Vetter & van Dijk 2006 |
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1939 | |
Annamemys merkleni Bourret (Fritz & Havas 2006) |
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1991 | |
Clemmys guangxiensis Qin (Hu, Huang, Xu, Zhang, Ma & Zhong 2013) |
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Mauremys guangxiensis Obst 2003 |
Remarks:
Presence of wild populations in Guangxi (China) is doubtful, since only documented specimens were found in a farmers' market (Farkas & Sasvári 1992).
Distribution:
Vietnam.
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Mauremys annamensis
© Rune Midtgaard
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Mauremys caspica
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Caspian Turtle, Stripe-necked Terrapin, (Eastern Caspian Turtle)
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Westasiatische Bachschildkröte
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Kaspisk Sumpskildpadde, Kaspisk Flodskildpadde
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1774 | |
Testudo caspica Gmelin |
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Emys caspica Schweigger 1812 |
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Clemmys caspica Wagler 1833 |
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Terrapene caspica Bonaparte 1832 |
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Mauremys caspica McDowell 1964 |
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1831 | |
Emys caspia Rüppell in Gray & Griffith [substitute name] (Fritz & Havas 2006) |
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1869 | |
Emys grayi Günther [not Emys grayi Bocourt 1868] (Fritz & Havas 2006) |
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Emmenia grayi Gray 1870 |
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1996 | |
Mauremys caspica ventrimaculata Wischuf & Fritz |
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1997 | |
Mauremys caspica siebenrocki Fritz & Wischuf |
Other common names:
caspica: Eastern Caspian Turtle
siebenrocki: Siebenrock's Caspian Turtle
ventrimaculata: Spot-bellied Caspian Turtle
Introduced to:
Latvia,
United Arab Emirates.
Distribution:
Armenia,
Azerbaijan,
Bahrain,
Georgia,
Iran,
Iraq,
Russia,
Saudi Arabia,
Syria,
Turkey,
Turkmenistan.
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Mauremys caspica
© Henrik Bringsøe
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Mauremys japonica
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Japanese Pond Turtle, Japanese Terrapin
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Japanische Streifenschildkröte, Japanische Wasserschildkröte
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Japansk Sumpskildpadde
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1833 | |
Emys vulgaris japonica Temminck & Schlegel |
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Emys japonica Gray 1844 |
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Emys caspica var. japonica Duméril & Bibron in Duméril & Duméril 1851 |
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Clemmys japonica Strauch 1862 |
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Mauremys japonica McDowell 1964 |
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Ocadia japonica Vetter in Vetter & van Dijk 2006 |
Distribution:
Japan
(Honshu,
Kyushu,
Shikoku,
Tsushima Islands).
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Mauremys leprosa
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Western Mediterranean Pond Turtle, Mediterranean Terrapin, Leprous Terrapin, Spanish Terrapin
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Maurische Bachschildkröte, Maurische Wasserschildkröte, Nordafrikanische Sumpfschildkröte
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Maurisk Sumpskildpadde
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1812 | |
Emys leprosa Schweigger |
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Clemmys leprosa Fitzinger 1835 |
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Emys caspica var. leprosa Boettger 1874 |
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Clemmys caspica leprosa Bedriaga 1890 |
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Mauremys caspica leprosa Wermuth & Mertens 1977 |
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Mauremys leprosa Bour 1978 |
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1812 | |
Emys lutescens Schweigger (Fritz & Havas 2006) |
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Clemmys lutescens Fitzinger 1835 |
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1824 | |
Emys marmorea Spix (Fritz & Havas 2006) |
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1829 | |
Clemmys sigriz Michahelles (Fritz & Havas 2006) |
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Emys sigritzii [sic] Gray 1831 |
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Terrapene sigriz Bonaparte 1832 |
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Clemmys caspica sigriz Bedriaga 1882 |
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1831 | |
Emys vulgaris Gray in Griffith & Pidgeon (Fritz & Havas 2006; Nowak-Kemp & Fritz 2010) |
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1854 | |
Emys laticeps Gray (Fritz & Havas 2006) |
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Clemmys laticeps Strauch 1862 |
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Eryma laticeps Gray 1870 |
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1860 | |
Emys fuliginosus Gray (Fritz & Havas 2006) |
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Clemmys fuliginosa Strauch 1862 |
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Mauremys fuliginosa Gray 1869 |
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1869 | |
Emys flavipes Gray (Fritz & Havas 2006) |
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1869 | |
Mauremys laniaria Gray (Fritz & Havas 2006) |
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Emys laniaria Gray 1870 |
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1996 | |
Mauremys leprosa atlantica Schleich (Fritz & Havas 2006) |
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1996 | |
Mauremys leprosa erhardi Schleich (Fritz & Havas 2006) |
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1996 | |
Mauremys leprosa marokkensis Schleich (Fritz & Havas 2006) |
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1996 | |
Mauremys leprosa saharica Schleich |
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1996 | |
Mauremys leprosa wernerkaestlei Schleich (Fritz & Havas 2006) |
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1996 | |
Mauremys leprosa zizi Schleich (Fritz & Havas 2006) |
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1999 | |
Mauremys leprosa vanmeerhaeghei Bour & Maran (Fritz & Havas 2006) |
Other common names:
leprosa: Common Western Mediterranean Pond Turtle
saharica: Sahara Pond Turtle
Remarks:
There are or were isolated populations in Mauritania, Niger, and Mali, however, they may represent prehistorical introductions (Bertolero & Busack 2017) and are
regarded as such herein.
There are, however, no recent records from Mali (Joger & Lambert 1996).
Records from Gambia, Senegal, and Benin are regarded as erroneous (Bertolero & Busack 2017).
Introduced to:
Gibraltar,
Italy,
Mauritania,
Niger,
Spain
(Balearic Islands
[Mallorca,
Minorca]).
Distribution:
Algeria,
France,
Libya,
Morocco,
Portugal,
Spain
(mainland),
Tunisia.
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Mauremys leprosa
© Henrik Bringsøe
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Mauremys mutica
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Yellow Pond Turtle, Asian Yellow Pond Turtle, Asian Brown Pond Turtle, Black Turtle, Chinese Pond Terrapin
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Dreikiel-Wasserschildkröte
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Gul Sumpskildpadde
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1842 | |
Emys muticus Cantor |
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Clemmys mutica Boettger 1888 |
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Damonia mutica Boulenger 1889 |
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Geoclemys mutica Siebenrock 1909 |
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Cathaiemys mutica Lindholm 1931 |
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Mauremys mutica McDowell 1964 |
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1894 | |
Clemmys schmackeri Boettger (Fritz & Havas 2006) |
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1957 | |
Annamemys grochovskiae Van Tien (Iverson & McCord 1994) |
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1996 | |
Mauremys mutica kami Yasukawa, Ota & Iverson |
Other common names:
kami: Riu Kiu Yellow Pond Turtle
mutica: Asian Yellow Pond Turtle
Remarks:
For decades known as Clemmys (or Mauremys) nigricans, however, Iverson & McCord (1989) demonstrated that Emys nigricans Gray, 1834 refers properly to the Mauremys (formerly Chinemys) nigricans (Gray, 1834), which was known before under its junior synonym Chinemys kwangtungensis (Pope, 1934). Synonymizing the genus Chinemys Smith, 1931 with Mauremys Gray, 1869 (Spinks, Shaffer, Iverson & McCord 2004) resulted again in combining the generic name Mauremys with the species name nigricans, but refers to another taxon (=Chinemys kwangtungensis auct.) as in its previous usage (=Mauremys mutica). It is expected that this will contribute to further substantial confusion regarding literature data for either species (Fritz & Havas 2006).
Introduced to:
China
(Hong Kong),
Japan
(Honshu,
Ryukyu Islands
[Okinawa Islands,
Sakishima Islands
(incl.
Yaeyama Islands)]).
Distribution:
China
(Anhui,
Fujian,
Guangdong,
Guangxi,
Hainan,
Hubei,
Jiangsu,
Zhejiang),
Taiwan,
Vietnam.
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Mauremys mutica
© Rune Midtgaard
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Mauremys nigricans
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Guangdong River Turtle, Chinese Red-necked Turtle, Chinese Dumb-headed Turtle, Red-necked Pond Turtle
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Chinesische Rothalsschildkröte
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Rødhalset Sumpskildpadde
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1834 | |
Emys nigricans Gray |
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Clemmys nigricans Strauch 1862 |
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Damonia nigricans Gray 1869 |
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Chinemys nigricans Fang 1934 |
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Mauremys nigricans Spinks, Shaffer, Iverson & McCord 2004 |
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1934 | |
Geoclemys kwangtungensis Pope (Iverson 1992; Zhao & Adler 1993) |
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Clemmys kuangtungensis [sic] Mell 1938 |
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Chinemys kwangtungensis Bourret 1941 |
Other common names:
kwangtungensis: Chinese Red-necked Pond Turtle
Remarks:
See remarks under mutica. Records from Vietnam refer to mutica (Fritz & Havas 2006), however, Nguyen, Ho & Nguyen (2009) still included nigricans for the country.
Distribution:
China
(Guangdong,
Guangxi),
Vietnam.
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Mauremys reevesii
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Chinese Three-keeled Pond Turtle, Chinese Pond Turtle, Golden Turtle, Japanese Coin Turtle, (Reeve's Pond Turtle, Reeve's Turtle)
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Chinesische Dreikielschildkröte
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Kinesisk Trekølskildpadde
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1831 | |
Emys reevesii Gray |
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Clemmys reevesii Fitzinger 1835 |
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Geoclemys reevesii Gray 1856 |
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Damonia reevesii Gray 1869 |
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Chinemys reevesii Smith 1931 |
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Mauremys reevesii Spinks, Shaffer, Iverson & McCord 2004 |
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1844 | |
Emys vulagris picta Schlegel (Fritz & Havas 2006) |
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1851 | |
Emys japonica Duméril & Bibron in Duméril & Duméril (Fritz & Havas 2006) |
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1873 | |
Damonia unicolor Gray (Fritz & Havas 2006) |
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Clemmys unicolor Sclater 1873 |
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Damonia reevesii var. unicolor Boulenger 1889 |
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Geoclemys reevesii unicolor Siebenrock 1907 |
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1925 | |
Geoclemys grangeri Schmidt (Fritz & Havas 2006) |
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Geoclemys reevesi grangeri [sic] Mell 1929 |
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Chinemys grangeri Pritchard 1979 |
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1929 | |
Geoclemys paracaretta Chang (Fritz & Havas 2006) |
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1934 | |
Chinemys megalocephala Fang (syn. Rhodin, Iverson, Bour, Fritz, Georges, Shaffer & Dijk 2017) |
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Chinemys macrocephala [sic] Bourret 1941 |
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Mauremys megalocephala Spinks, Shaffer, Iverson & McCord 2004 |
Other common names:
megalocephala: Chinese Broad-headed Pond Turtle
Remarks:
Status of megalocephala is uncertain.
Iverson, Ernst, Gotte & Lovich (1989) regarded megalocephala as a molluscivorous morph of reevesii, but Zhao & Adler (1993) and Fritz & Havas (2006) retained it as a full species.
See also Barth, D.A.; Bernhard, Guicking, Stoeck & Fritz (2003).
It is treated as a synonym of reevesii herein, following Rhodin, Iverson, Bour, Fritz, Georges, Shaffer & Dijk (2017).
Populations in Japan (incl. Riukiu Islands) and Taiwan are known or expected to be introduced, some in recent times, others possibly in prehistoric times (Lovich, Yasukawa & Ota 2011).
Reported from Palau on the basis of a photographed turtle of unknown origin, tentatively assigned to reevesii, and a captive specimen reported to have been collected locally,
but presence of reevesii in Palau is regarded as doubtful (Crombie & Pregill 1999; Zug 2013).
Extinct in:
China
(Beijing).
Introduced to:
Canada
(British Columbia),
China
(Hebei,
Macau,
Yunnan),
East Timor,
Guam,
Indonesia
(West Timor),
Japan
(Hokkaido,
Honshu,
Kyushu,
Shikoku,
Tsushima Islands,
Ryukyu Islands),
Palau,
Taiwan,
USA.
Distribution:
China
(Anhui,
Chongqing,
Fujian,
Gansu,
Guangdong,
Guangxi,
Hebei,
Guizhou,
Guangxi,
Henan,
Hong Kong
[incl.
Shek Kwu Chau Island],
Hubei,
Hunan,
Jiangsu,
Jiangxi,
Macau,
Shandong,
Shaanxi,
Shanxi,
Sichuan,
Zhejiang),
North Korea,
South Korea.
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Mauremys reevesii
© Rune Midtgaard
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Mauremys rivulata
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Balkan Pond Turtle, Balkan Terrapin, Eastern Mediterranean Pond Turtle, (Western Caspian Turtle)
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Ostmediterrane Bachschildkröte
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Balkan-sumpskildpadde
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1833 | |
Emys rivulata Valenciennes |
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Mauremys caspica rivulata Wermuth & Mertens 1977 |
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Mauremys rivulata Bour in David 1994 |
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Emmenia rivulata Vetter in Vetter & van Dijk 2006 |
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1869 | |
Emys tristrami Gray (Fritz & Havas 2006) |
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1870 | |
Emys caspica var. arabica Gray (Fritz & Havas 2006) |
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Emys arabica Gray 1873 |
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1870 | |
Emys pannonica Gray (Fritz & Havas 2006) |
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1881 | |
Clemmys caspica orientalis Bedriaga (Fritz & Havas 2006) |
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1912 | |
Clemmys caspica var. obsoleta Schreiber (Fritz & Havas 2006) |
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1946 | |
Clemmys caspica cretica Mertens (Fritz & Havas 2006) |
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Mauremys rivulata cretica Bonin, Devaux & Dupré 2006 |
Remarks:
Reported to occur in Serbia by Dijk, Iverson, Shaffer, Bour & Rhodin (2012) and Mantziou & Rifai (2014), although the latter authors excluded the country
in their distribution map.
Tomovic, Ajtic, Ljubisavljevic, Urosevic, Jovic, Krizmanic, Labus, Dordevic, Kalezic, Vukov & Dzukic (2014) did not include the species in their checklist of Serbian
reptiles, nor was Serbia mentioned in the distribution of the species by Rhodin, Iverson, Bour, Fritz, Georges, Shaffer & Dijk (2017).
The latter authors are followed herein.
Introduced to:
Italy
(½mainland),
Latvia.
Distribution:
Albania,
Bosnia-Herzegovina,
Bulgaria,
Croatia,
Cyprus,
Greece
(incl.
Aegean Islands
[incl.
Dodecanese Islands
(incl.
Rhodes)],
Crete),
Israel,
Jordan,
Lebanon,
Montenegro,
North Macedonia,
Syria,
Turkey
(incl.
European Turkey).
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Mauremys rivulata
© Henrik Bringsøe
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Mauremys sinensis
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Chinese Stripe-necked Turtle, Chinese Turtle, Green-headed Turtle, Common Thread Turtle
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Chinesische Streifenschildkröte
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Stribehalset Sumpskildpadde
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1834 | |
Emys sinensis Gray |
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Clemmys sinensis Strauch 1862 |
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Ocadia sinensis Gray 1870 |
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Mauremys sinensis Spinks, Shaffer, Iverson & McCord 2004 |
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1844 | |
Emys bennettii Gray (Fritz & Havas 2006) |
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Clemmys bennettii Strauch 1862 |
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1930 | |
Testudo anyangensis Ping (Fritz & Havas 2006) |
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Pseudocadia anyangensis Lindholm 1931 |
Remarks:
Presence of an introduced population in Guam remains unconfirmed, although some turtles kept by a local resident were said to have been collected in the island (Zug 2013).
Introduced to:
China
(Hong Kong),
Guam,
Micronesia
(Pohnpei).
Distribution:
China
(Fujian,
Guangdong,
Guangxi,
Hainan,
Jiangsu,
Zhejiang),
Taiwan,
Vietnam.
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Mauremys sinensis
© Rune Midtgaard
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