Turtles of Brazil   Related checklists:  Brazil (main menu) - Acre - Alagoas - Amapa - Amazonas - Bahia - Ceara - Distrito Federal - Espirito Santo - Goias - Maranhao - Mato Grosso - Mato Grosso do Sul - Minas Gerais - Para - Paraiba - Parana - Pernambuco - Piaui - Rio de Janeiro - Rio Grande do Norte - Rio Grande do Sul - Rondonia - Roraima - Santa Catarina - Sao Paulo - Sergipe - Tocantins Bibliography of the reptiles of Brazil

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Citation: Midtgaard, Rune. RepFocus - A Survey of the Reptiles of the World. www.repfocus.dk (Compilation date: 14th April, 2023).

Checklist General remarks: The list includes only formally described species. Newly discovered, but still unnamed species are excluded. However, unnamed species or species unassigned to species level are included, if they are the only representatives of their genus in the region. Species counts exclude extinct and introduced species. Doubtful records, typically older voucher specimens of uncertain origin, have been excluded if considered questionable, as are records based on sources considered unreliable or controversial. Note: Your comments to the checklist (omissions, errors, etc.) are welcomed, preferably if they are provided with reliable references. If possible, please attach a pdf file of the relevant reference to an email addressed to:

	Turtles (Testudines)
	= endemicEX = extinct or assumed extinct Species References  Family Chelidae (Austro-American Side-necked Turtles) Genus Acanthochelys (South American Side-necked Swamp Turtles)   Acanthochelys macrocephala Large-headed Pantanal Swamp Turtle Arruda Mauro, Aurelio Kinas & Leandro Souza 2004 Avila, Souza, Landgref-Filho & Campos 2006 Cintra & Yamashita 1989 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Ferreira, Terra, Piatti, Delatorre, Strussmann, Beda, Kawashita-Ribeiro, Landgref-Filho, Aoki, Campos, Souza, Avila, Duleba, Martins, Rita & Albuquerque 2017 Fritz & Havas 2006 Iverson 1992 Kinas, Mauro & Souza 2005 King & Burke 1989 Oliveira-Ferronato & Barros-Molina 2009 Rhodin, Iverson, Bour, Fritz, Georges, Shaffer & Dijk 2021 Rhodin, Metrailler, Vinke, Vinke, Artner & Mittermeier 2009 Rhodin, Mittermeier & McMorris 1984 Souza, Uetanabaro, Landgref-Filho, Piatti & Prado 2010   * Acanthochelys radiolata Brazilian Radiated Swamp Turtle Castro & Teixeira 2007 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Freitas, Abegg, Ribeiro Dias & Figueiredo Moraes 2018 Freitas, Santos Silva, Mendes Fonseca, Hamdan, Filadelfo & Abegg 2019 Fritz & Havas 2006 Garbin, Karlguth, Fernandes & Pinto 2016 King & Burke 1989 Oliveira Lima, Andrade, Lima da Silva & Reis Dias 2022 Oliveira, Gonzalez, Passos, Vrcibradic & Rocha 2020 Pereira-Ribeiro, Ferreguetti, Bergallo & Rocha 2022 Rhodin, Iverson, Bour, Fritz, Georges, Shaffer & Dijk 2021 Rhodin, Silva & Mittermeier 1984 Rocha, Bergallo, Pombal, Geise, Sluys, Fernandes & Caramaschi 2004 Ruschi 1966 Schiavetti, Batista, Sousa Ferreira & Sole 2021 Silva-Soares, Ferreira, Salles & Rocha 2011 Sousa, Nascimento, Gomides, Rios, Hudson & Novelli 2010   Acanthochelys spixii Black Spiny-necked Swamp Turtle Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Fritz & Havas 2006 Ghizoni, Kunz, Cherem & Bernils 2009 Iverson 1992 King & Burke 1989 Lema 1994 Marques, Pereira, Barbo, Germano & Sawaya 2009 Quintela, Medvedovsky, Ibarra, Neves & Figueiredo 2011 Rhodin, Iverson, Bour, Fritz, Georges, Shaffer & Dijk 2021 Rhodin, Silva & Mittermeier 1984 Ribas & Monteiro-Filho 2002 Souza Filho & Verrastro 2012 Zaher, Barbo, Martinez, Nogueira, Rodrigues & Sawaya 2011 Genus Chelus (Matamatas)   Chelus fimbriata Southern Matamata Avila-Pires 2005 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Fachin-Teran, Vogt & Gomez 1995 Fachin-Teran, Vogt, Gomez & Soares 1995 Keller, Villamarin, Bernhard & Silva 2016 Lima Silveira 2011 Muller 1976 Nascimento, Avila-Pires, Santos & Lima 1991 Pritchard 2008 Rhodin, Iverson, Bour, Fritz, Georges, Shaffer & Dijk 2021 Schneider, Vogt, Santos-Junior & Ferrara 2009 Souza 2004 Vargas-Ramirez, Caballero, Morales-Betancourt, Lasso, Amaya, Martinez, Silva Viana, Vogt, Pires Farias, Hrbek, Campbell & Fritz 2020   Chelus orinocensis Orinoco Matamata Avila-Pires 2005 [as fimbriata] Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Nascimento, Carvalho & Farias 2012 [as fimbriata] O'Shea 1990 [as fimbriata] Rhodin, Iverson, Bour, Fritz, Georges, Shaffer & Dijk 2021 Vargas-Ramirez, Caballero, Morales-Betancourt, Lasso, Amaya, Martinez, Silva Viana, Vogt, Pires Farias, Hrbek, Campbell & Fritz 2020 Genus Hydromedusa (South American Snake-necked Turtles)   * Hydromedusa maximiliani Brazilian Snake-necked Turtle Almeida-Gomes, Siqueira, Borges-Junior, Vrcibradic, Fusinatto & Rocha 2014 Almeida-Gomes, Siquiera, Borges-Junior, Vrcibradic, Fusinatto & Rocha 2014 Argolo & Freitas 2002 Bonin, Devaux & Dupre 2006 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Costa, Rezende, Molina, Nascimento, Leite & Fernandes 2015 Cruz-Forlani, Bernardo, Haddad & Zaher 2010 Freitas, Abegg, Ribeiro Dias & Figueiredo Moraes 2018 Freitas, Santos Silva, Mendes Fonseca, Hamdan, Filadelfo & Abegg 2019 Fritz & Havas 2006 Iverson 1992 King & Burke 1989 Moura, Motta, Fernandes & Feio 2012 Oliveira, Gonzalez, Passos, Vrcibradic & Rocha 2020 Oliveira, Santos, Lopes-Silva, Vasconcelos Barros, Risse-Quaioto, Militao, Fatorelli, Belmoch, Marcial de Castro & Rocha 2020 Rhodin, Iverson, Bour, Fritz, Georges, Shaffer & Dijk 2021 Rocha, Bergallo, Pombal, Geise, Sluys, Fernandes & Caramaschi 2004 Rojas-Padilla, Menezes, Dias, Argolo, Sole & Orrico 2020 Salles & Silva-Soares 2010 Silva Cozer, Pereira-Ribeiro, Meirelles Linause, Colombo Ferreguetti, Godoy Bergallo & Rocha 2020 Sousa, Gomides, Hudson, Ribeiro & Novelli 2012 Souza & Martins 2009 Souza 2004 Souza, Cunha, Oliveira, Pereira & Reis 2003 Tonini, Carao, Pinto, Gasparini, Leite & Costa 2010 Trevine, Forlani, Haddad & Zaher 2014 Wermuth & Mertens 1977 Zaher, Barbo, Martinez, Nogueira, Rodrigues & Sawaya 2011   Hydromedusa tectifera Uruguayan Snake-necked Turtle Alcalde, Sanchez & Pritchard 2021 Bonin, Devaux & Dupre 2006 Cardoso 2001 Cavalheri, Siqueira, Brasil-Godinho, Fadel, Trevine, Sartori & Santana 2021 Condez, Sawaya & Dixo 2009 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Entiauspe-Neto, Perleberg & Freitas 2016 Fritz & Havas 2006 Gutsche, Kwet, Kucharzewski & Hallermann 2007 Iverson 1992 King & Burke 1989 Kunz, Ghizoni, Santos & Hartmann 2007 Lema 1994 Luling 1984 Marques, Pereira, Barbo, Germano & Sawaya 2009 Marquez & Sazima 2004 Oliveira, Gonzalez, Passos, Vrcibradic & Rocha 2020 Pontes, Pontes, Vrcibradic & Figueiredo 2006 Pritchard 1979 Quintela, Medvedovsky, Ibarra, Neves & Figueiredo 2011 Reis Martins, Carvalho-Garbin & Freire Bruno 2011 Rhodin, Iverson, Bour, Fritz, Georges, Shaffer & Dijk 2021 Ribas & Monteiro-Filho 2002 Rocha, Bergallo, Pombal, Geise, Sluys, Fernandes & Caramaschi 2004 Salles & Silva-Soares 2010 Sousa & Novelli 2009 Sousa, Nascimento, Gomides, Rios, Hudson & Novelli 2010 Souza Filho & Verrastro 2012 Souza-Filho, Plombon & Capela 2015 Trevine, Forlani, Haddad & Zaher 2014 Zaher, Barbo, Martinez, Nogueira, Rodrigues & Sawaya 2011 Genus Mesoclemmys (Hump-backed Toad-headed Turtles)   Mesoclemmys gibba Gibba Toad-headed Turtle Avila-Pires 2005 Avila-Pires, Hoogmoed & Rocha 2010 Bernarde, Machado & Turci 2011 Brito, Fagundes, Strussmann, Pignati & Vogt 2012 Brito, Strussmann, Kawashita-Ribeiro, Morais, Avila & Campos 2012 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Costa-Campos, Ribeiro Sanches, Pedroso-Santos, Figueiredo, Tavares-Pinheiro & Almeida-Santos 2021 Franca, Freitas, Ramalho & Bernarde 2017 Fritz & Havas 2006 Iverson 1992 Keller, Villamarin, Bernhard & Silva 2016 King & Burke 1989 Lima Silveira 2011 Mittermeier, Rhodin, Medem, Soini, Hoogmoed & Espinoza 1978 Moraes, Almeida, Fraga, Rojas, Pirani, Silva, Carvalho, Gordo & Werneck 2017 Nascimento, Avila-Pires, Santos & Lima 1991 Nascimento, Carvalho & Farias 2012 Rhodin, Iverson, Bour, Fritz, Georges, Shaffer & Dijk 2021 Ribeiro Sanches, Pedroso-Santos, Figueiredo, Tavares-Pinheiro & Costa-Campos 2020 Schneider, Ferrara, Vogt & Santos-Junior 2009 Souza 2004 Wermuth & Mertens 1977   Mesoclemmys nasuta Guianan Toad-headed Turtle Bonin, Devaux & Dupre 2006 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Rhodin, Iverson, Bour, Fritz, Georges, Shaffer & Dijk 2021   * Mesoclemmys perplexa Piaui Toad-headed Turtle Bour & Zaher 2005 Campos & Lage 2013 Campos, Moraes & Pereira 2011 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Fritz & Havas 2006 Loebmann & Haddad 2010 Loebmann 2008 Rhodin, Iverson, Bour, Fritz, Georges, Shaffer & Dijk 2021 Roberto & Loebmann 2016 Vechio, Teixeira Junior, Recoder, Rodrigues & Zaher 2016   Mesoclemmys raniceps Amazon Toad-headed Turtle Avila-Pires 2005 [as heliostemma] Balensiefer & Vogt 2012 Brito, Martins Valadao, Cunha, Araujo, Viana & Fernandes Medice 2019 Brito, Strussmann, Kawashita-Ribeiro, Morais, Avila & Campos 2012 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Fachin-Teran, Vogt & Gomez 1995 Fachin-Teran, Vogt, Gomez & Soares 1995 Fonseca, Silva, Abegg, Rosa & Bernarde 2019 Fritz & Havas 2006 Keller, Villamarin, Bernhard & Silva 2016 Molina, Machado & Zaher 2012 [as heliostemma] Morcatty & Cobra 2015 [as heliostemma] Morcatty 2015 Rhodin, Iverson, Bour, Fritz, Georges, Shaffer & Dijk 2021 Silva, Nascimento Oliveira, Silva Vasconcelos, Silva, Lopes-Filho, Silva, Silva, Silveira & Pinheiro Caniso 2019 Wermuth & Mertens 1977   * Mesoclemmys tuberculata Tuberculate Toad-headed Turtle Abrahao-Morato, Lima, Pries Staut, Faria, Souza-Alves, Feitosa Gouveia, Cavilha Scupino, Gomes & Silva 2011 Alves Benicio, Mesquita, Cavalcante & Fonseca 2015 Araujo, Ribeiro, Andrade, Pereira, Guzzi & Avila 2020 Assis & Pereira 2019 Batistella, Poetter, Barreto & Vogt 2008 Bonin, Devaux & Dupre 2006 Borges-Leite, Rodrigues & Borges-Nojosa 2014 Castro, Mangia, Medeiros Magalhaes, Roehr, Camurugi, Silveira Filho, Silva, Andrade-Oliveira, Sousa, Rodrigues Franca, Harris, Garda & Borges-Nojosa 2019 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Costa, Laranjeiras, Caldas, Santana, Silva, Alcantara, Brito, Galdino, Mesquita, Faria, Franca, Avila & Garda 2018 Fernandes-Ferreira, Mendonca, Cruz, Borges-Nojosa & Alves 2013 Freitas, Abegg, Ribeiro Dias & Figueiredo Moraes 2018 Freitas, Abegg, Silva Araujo, Almeida Coelho, Santos Azevedo, Frazao Chaves & Barbosa de Moura 2019 Fritz & Havas 2006 Iverson 1992 King & Burke 1989 Lima Silveira & Valinhas e Valinhas 2010 Loebmann & Haddad 2010 Loebmann, Giacometti Mai & Garcia 2006 Madella-Auricchio, Auricchio & Soares 2017 Oliveira Lima, Andrade, Lima da Silva & Reis Dias 2022 Pritchard 1979 Queiroga Cavalcanti, Borges Costa, Rinaldi Colli, Correa Costa, Rodrigues Franca, Oliveira-Mesquita, Silva Palmeira, Pelegrin, Bello Soares, Tucker & Garda 2014 Rhodin, Iverson, Bour, Fritz, Georges, Shaffer & Dijk 2021 Ribeiro Barbosa, Nishida, Silva Costa & Ramos Caze 2007 Ribeiro, Roberto, Sales, Avila & Almeida 2012 Roberto & Loebmann 2016 Santana, Marques, Vieira, Moura, Faria & Mesquita 2016 Santos Caldas, Borges Costa, Laranjeiras, Oliveira Mesquita & Garda 2016 Silva, Silva, Sena & Nascimento 2006 Souza 2004 Tavares Mendonca, Silva Vieira & Nobrega Alves 2014 Vechio, Teixeira Junior, Recoder, Rodrigues & Zaher 2016 Wermuth & Mertens 1977   Mesoclemmys vanderhaegei Tobati Toad-headed Turtle Brito, Strussmann & Penha 2009 Brito, Strussmann, Kawashita-Ribeiro, Morais, Avila & Campos 2012 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Etchepare 2007 Ferreira, Terra, Piatti, Delatorre, Strussmann, Beda, Kawashita-Ribeiro, Landgref-Filho, Aoki, Campos, Souza, Avila, Duleba, Martins, Rita & Albuquerque 2017 Fritz & Havas 2006 King & Burke 1989 Lima-Silveira 2009 Maffei, Nascimento, Moya & Donatelli 2016 Marques, Boehm, Brito, Cabrera & Verdade 2014 Rhodin, Iverson, Bour, Fritz, Georges, Shaffer & Dijk 2021 Silva Brito, Dorado-Rodrigues & Martins Valadao 2019 Souza 2004 Strussmann, Almeida-Prado, Uetanabaro & Ferreira 2000 Vaz-Silva, Guimaraes-Guedes, Azevedo-Silva, Gontijo, Barbosa, Aloisio & Oliveira 2007 Zaher, Barbo, Martinez, Nogueira, Rodrigues & Sawaya 2011   Mesoclemmys wermuthi Black-lined Toad-headed Turtle Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Rhodin, Iverson, Bour, Fritz, Georges, Shaffer & Dijk 2021 Genus Phrynops (Lesser Toad-headed Turtles)   Phrynops geoffroanus Brazilian Toad-headed Turtle Alves Benicio, Mesquita, Cavalcante & Fonseca 2015 Avila & Kawashita-Ribeiro 2011 Bertoluci, Canelas, Eisemberg, Palmuti & Montingelli 2009 Borges-Nojosa & Santos 2005 [as "cf. geoffroanus"] Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Costa, Laranjeiras, Caldas, Santana, Silva, Alcantara, Brito, Galdino, Mesquita, Faria, Franca, Avila & Garda 2018 Cunha, Nascimento & Avila-Pires 1985 Fachin-Teran, Vogt & Gomez 1995 Fachin-Teran, Vogt, Gomez & Soares 1995 Ferreira, Terra, Piatti, Delatorre, Strussmann, Beda, Kawashita-Ribeiro, Landgref-Filho, Aoki, Campos, Souza, Avila, Duleba, Martins, Rita & Albuquerque 2017 Ferreira-Junior, Balestra, Moreira, Freitas, Lustosa, Jorge, Rosa, Sampaio & Gomes 2011 Ferronato, Marques, Souza, Verdade & Matushima 2009 Fritz & Havas 2006 Iverson 1992 King & Burke 1989 Lema 1994 Lima-Verde & Cascon 1990 Lopes Santos, Pereira de Andrade, Victor-Junior & Vaz-Silva 2014 Madella-Auricchio, Auricchio & Soares 2017 Mendes-Pinto & Miranda 2011 Mesquita, Alves, Pedro, Laranjeiras, Caldas, Pedrosa, Rodrigues, Drummond, Cavalcanti, Wachlevski, Nogueira-Costa, Franca & Franca 2018 Nascimento-Barbosa, Silva-Amaral, Pereira-Alcantara & Santos 2018 Oliveira Lima, Andrade, Lima da Silva & Reis Dias 2022 Oliveira Neves, Yves, Almeida Pereira, Alves, Bonfim Vasques, Teixeira Coelho & Santos Silva 2019 Oliveira, Araujo, Oliveira & Avila 2021 Oliveira, Gonzalez, Passos, Vrcibradic & Rocha 2020 Oliveira, Muniz & Moura 2016 Pereira Ramalho, Fagundes Franca, Guerra, Marciano, Vale & Rodrigues Silva 2018 Protazio, Protazio, Silva, Conceicao, Braga, Santos, Ribeiro, Almeida, Gama, Vieira & Silva 2021 Rhodin, Iverson, Bour, Fritz, Georges, Shaffer & Dijk 2021 Ribas & Monteiro-Filho 2002 Ribeiro, Roberto, Sales, Avila & Almeida 2012 [as "cf. geoffroanus"] Roberto & Loebmann 2016 [as "aff. geoffroanus"] Ruschi 1966 Salles & Silva-Soares 2010 Santana, Vieira, Pereira-Filho, Delfim, Lima & Vieira 2008 Shibatta, Galves, Carmo, Lima, Lopes & Machado 2009 Silva, Cintra, Silva, Costa, Amaral-Souza, Pacheco & Goncalves 2009 Silva, Oliveira, Morais, Kawashita-Ribeiro, Brito & Avila 2015 Silva, Rocha & Nogueira-Paranhos 2016 Sousa, Gomides, Hudson, Ribeiro & Novelli 2012 Souza, Uetanabaro, Landgref-Filho, Piatti & Prado 2010 Vanzolini 1994 Vanzolini, Ramos-Costa & Vitt 1980 Wermuth & Mertens 1977 Zaher, Barbo, Martinez, Nogueira, Rodrigues & Sawaya 2011   Phrynops hilarii Spotted-bellied Toad-headed Turtle Bonin, Devaux & Dupre 2006 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Entiauspe-Neto, Perleberg & Freitas 2016 Fritz & Havas 2006 Iverson 1992 King & Burke 1989 Lema 1994 Rhodin, Iverson, Bour, Fritz, Georges, Shaffer & Dijk 2021 Souza Filho & Verrastro 2012 Tortato 2007 Wermuth & Mertens 1977   Phrynops tuberosus Spotted Toad-headed Turtle Avila-Pires 2005 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Fritz & Havas 2006 Rhodin, Iverson, Bour, Fritz, Georges, Shaffer & Dijk 2021   Phrynops williamsi Rio Cadea Toad-headed Turtle Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Fritz & Havas 2006 Iverson 1992 King & Burke 1989 Kunz, Ghizoni-Junior, Cherem, Bressan, Leonardi & Zanotelli 2018 Lema 1994 Moura-Leite, Morato & Bernils 1996 Rhodin & Mittermeier 1983 Rhodin, Iverson, Bour, Fritz, Georges, Shaffer & Dijk 2021 Ribas & Monteiro-Filho 2002 Souza-Filho, Plombon & Capela 2015 Genus Platemys (Twist-necked Turtle)   Platemys platycephala Twist-necked Turtle Avila-Pires 2005 Avila-Pires, Hoogmoed & Rocha 2010 Barros-Molina, Costa, Sao Pedro & Feio 2009 Bernarde, Machado & Turci 2011 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Dias-Lima 2008 Ferrao, Filho & Silva 2012 Ferrara, Schneider, Vogt & Santos-Junior 2009 Fonseca, Silva, Abegg, Rosa & Bernarde 2019 Freitas, Mendes Venancio, Abegg, Santos Azevedo, Oliveira Pereira, Pinheiro Zanotti, Veloso, Schwarzbach, Oliveira e Sousa, Cruz-da-Silva, Goncalves de Amorim & Barbosa de Moura 2020 Freitas, Vieira, Entiauspe-Neto, Oliveira-e-Sousa, Farias, Sousa & Moura 2017 Keller, Villamarin, Bernhard & Silva 2016 King & Burke 1989 Mendes-Pinto & Souza 2011 Moraes, Almeida, Fraga, Rojas, Pirani, Silva, Carvalho, Gordo & Werneck 2017 Morcatty, Valsecchi & Rocha 2014 Nascimento, Avila-Pires, Santos & Lima 1991 Nascimento, Carvalho & Farias 2012 O'Shea 1990 Rhodin, Iverson, Bour, Fritz, Georges, Shaffer & Dijk 2021 Santos Azevedo, Oliveira & Costa 2021 Souza 2004 Genus Ranacephala (Rio Pequena Side-necked Turtle)   * Ranacephala hogei Rio Pequena Side-necked Turtle Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Fritz & Havas 2006 Iverson 1992 King & Burke 1989 McCord & Joseph-Ouni 2002 Oliveira, Gonzalez, Passos, Vrcibradic & Rocha 2020 Rhodin, Iverson, Bour, Fritz, Georges, Shaffer & Dijk 2021 Rocha, Bergallo, Pombal, Geise, Sluys, Fernandes & Caramaschi 2004 Genus Rhinemys (Red Amazon Side-necked Turtle)   Rhinemys rufipes Red Amazon Side-necked Turtle Avila-Pires 2005 Bonin, Devaux & Dupre 2006 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Fritz & Havas 2006 King & Burke 1989 Lima, Magnusson & Costa 1997 Magnusson & Vogt 2014 Muller 1976 Pritchard 1979 Rhodin, Iverson, Bour, Fritz, Georges, Shaffer & Dijk 2021 Souza 2004  Family Cheloniidae (Hard-shelled Sea Turtles) Genus Caretta (Loggerhead Sea Turtle)   Caretta caretta Loggerhead Sea Turtle Araujo, Ribeiro, Andrade, Pereira, Guzzi & Avila 2020 Bellini & Sanches 1998 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Damasio & Carvalho 2010 Fadini, Silva & Ferreira-Junior 2011 Fernandes-Ferreira, Mendonca, Cruz, Borges-Nojosa & Alves 2013 King & Burke 1989 Lema 1994 Lima-Verde & Cascon 1990 Marcovaldi & Chaloupka 2007 Oliveira Lima, Andrade, Lima da Silva & Reis Dias 2022 Oliveira, Gonzalez, Passos, Vrcibradic & Rocha 2020 Parente, Lontra & Araujo 2006 Poli, Lopez, Mesquita, Saska & Mascarenhas 2014 Pritchard 1979 Rhodin, Iverson, Bour, Fritz, Georges, Shaffer & Dijk 2021 Roberto & Loebmann 2016 Rocha, Bergallo, Pombal, Geise, Sluys, Fernandes & Caramaschi 2004 Ruschi 1966 Santos Camillo, Mei Romero, Leone, Guedes Batista, Sa Velozo & Nogueira-Filho 2009 Santos, Soares-e-Soares, Marcovaldi, Silveira-Monteiro, Giffoni & Padua-Almeida 2011 Serafini, Padua Almeida & Lima 2006 Silva-Soares, Ferreira, Salles & Rocha 2011 Soto, Beheregaray & Rebello 1997 Stahelin, Fiedler, Lima, Sales & Wanderlinde 2012 Zaher, Barbo, Martinez, Nogueira, Rodrigues & Sawaya 2011 Genus Chelonia (Green Sea Turtle)   Chelonia mydas Green Sea Turtle Araujo, Ribeiro, Andrade, Pereira, Guzzi & Avila 2020 Avila-Pires 2005 Bellini, Santos Armando, Grossman, Marcovaldi & Barata 2013 Bjorndal, Bolten, Moreira, Bellini & Marcovaldi 2006 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Damasio & Carvalho 2010 Fernandes-Ferreira, Mendonca, Cruz, Borges-Nojosa & Alves 2013 Guebert-Bartholo, Barletta, Costa & Monteiro-Filho 2011 King & Burke 1989 Lema 1994 Lima-Verde & Cascon 1990 Lopez-Barrera, Longo & Monteiro-Filho 2012 Mascarenhas, Santos & Zeppelini 2004 Mascarenhas, Santos & Zeppelini 2005 Mascarenhas, Zeppelini & Moreira 2003 Mausfeld, Schmitz, Boehme, Misof, Vrcibradic & Rocha 2002 Miranda, Costa & Rocha 2012 Moll 1983 Moreira, Baptistotti, Scalfone, Thome & Almeida 1995 Nascimento, Avila-Pires, Santos & Lima 1991 Oliveira Lima, Andrade, Lima da Silva & Reis Dias 2022 Oliveira, Gonzalez, Passos, Vrcibradic & Rocha 2020 Padua-Almeida, Santos, Thome, Belini, Baptistotte, Marcovaldi, Santos & Lopez 2011 Parente, Lontra & Araujo 2006 Poli, Lopez, Mesquita, Saska & Mascarenhas 2014 Pritchard 1979 Rhodin, Iverson, Bour, Fritz, Georges, Shaffer & Dijk 2021 Roberto & Loebmann 2016 Rocha, Bergallo, Pombal, Geise, Sluys, Fernandes & Caramaschi 2004 Rodrigues, Soto, Serafini & Corbetta 2012 Ruschi 1966 Santos & Mariano 2007 Santos Camillo, Mei Romero, Leone, Guedes Batista, Sa Velozo & Nogueira-Filho 2009 Serafini, Lopez & Rocha 2009 Silva-Soares, Ferreira, Salles & Rocha 2011 Soto & Beheregaray 1997 Stahelin, Fiedler, Lima, Sales & Wanderlinde 2012 Torezani, Baptistotte, Mendes & Barata 2010 Zaher, Barbo, Martinez, Nogueira, Rodrigues & Sawaya 2011 Genus Eretmochelys (Hawksbill Sea Turtle)   Eretmochelys imbricata Hawksbill Sea Turtle Araujo, Ribeiro, Andrade, Pereira, Guzzi & Avila 2020 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Damasio & Carvalho 2010 Fernandes, Bondioli, Kienle & Schiavetti 2015 Fernandes-Ferreira, Mendonca, Cruz, Borges-Nojosa & Alves 2013 King & Burke 1989 Lema 1994 Lima-Verde & Cascon 1990 Marcovaldi, Lopez, Soares, Santos, Bellini, Santos & Lopez 2011 Mascarenhas, Santos & Zeppelini 2005 Mascarenhas, Santos, Santos & Zeppelini 2004 Mascarenhas, Zeppelini & Moreira 2003 Mausfeld, Schmitz, Boehme, Misof, Vrcibradic & Rocha 2002 Oliveira Lima, Andrade, Lima da Silva & Reis Dias 2022 Oliveira, Gonzalez, Passos, Vrcibradic & Rocha 2020 Poli, Lopez, Mesquita, Saska & Mascarenhas 2014 Rhodin, Iverson, Bour, Fritz, Georges, Shaffer & Dijk 2021 Roberto & Loebmann 2016 Rocha, Bergallo, Pombal, Geise, Sluys, Fernandes & Caramaschi 2004 Ruschi 1966 Santana, Silva-Leite, Silva & Machado 2009 Santos Camillo, Mei Romero, Leone, Guedes Batista, Sa Velozo & Nogueira-Filho 2009 Santos, Freire, Bellini & Corso 2010 Serafini, Lopez & Rocha 2009 Silva-Soares, Ferreira, Salles & Rocha 2011 Soto & Beheregaray 1997 Stahelin, Fiedler, Lima, Sales & Wanderlinde 2012 Valls-Fernanda, Basiler, Bobsin, Scherer, Scherer, Marchetto & Petry 2011 Zaher, Barbo, Martinez, Nogueira, Rodrigues & Sawaya 2011 Genus Lepidochelys (Ridley Sea Turtles)   Lepidochelys olivacea Olive Ridley Sea Turtle Araujo, Ribeiro, Andrade, Pereira, Guzzi & Avila 2020 Castilhos & Tiwari 2006 Castilhos, Coelho, Argolo, Santos, Marcovaldi, Santos & Lopez 2011 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Damasio & Carvalho 2010 Fernandes-Ferreira, Mendonca, Cruz, Borges-Nojosa & Alves 2013 King & Burke 1989 Lema 1994 Lima, Melo & Barata 2003 Lima-Verde & Cascon 1990 Mascarenhas, Santos & Zeppelini 2004 Mascarenhas, Santos & Zeppelini 2005 Nascimento, Avila-Pires, Santos & Lima 1991 Oliveira Lima, Andrade, Lima da Silva & Reis Dias 2022 Oliveira, Gonzalez, Passos, Vrcibradic & Rocha 2020 Parente, Lontra & Araujo 2006 Poli, Lopez, Mesquita, Saska & Mascarenhas 2014 Rhodin, Iverson, Bour, Fritz, Georges, Shaffer & Dijk 2021 Roberto & Loebmann 2016 Santana, Silva-Leite, Silva & Machado 2009 Santos, Bellini, Bortolon & Coluchi 2012 Silva-Soares, Ferreira, Salles & Rocha 2011 Soto & Beheregaray 1997 Stahelin, Fiedler, Lima, Sales & Wanderlinde 2012 Zaher, Barbo, Martinez, Nogueira, Rodrigues & Sawaya 2011  Family Dermochelyidae (Leatherback Sea Turtle) Genus Dermochelys (Leatherback Sea Turtle)   Dermochelys coriacea Leatherback Sea Turtle Araujo, Ribeiro, Andrade, Pereira, Guzzi & Avila 2020 Barata & Fabiano 2002 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Costa-Campos, Lima, Lima & Barboza 2013 Damasio & Carvalho 2010 Fernandes-Ferreira, Mendonca, Cruz, Borges-Nojosa & Alves 2013 Gandu, Goldberg, Lopez & Tognin 2014 King & Burke 1989 Lema 1994 Lima, Melo & Godfrey 2007 Lima-Verde & Cascon 1990 Loebmann, Legat, Legat, De Camargo, Erthal, Machado & De Goes 2008 Miranda, Costa & Rocha 2012 Nascimento, Avila-Pires, Santos & Lima 1991 Oliveira, Gonzalez, Passos, Vrcibradic & Rocha 2020 Padua Almeida, Eckert, Bruno, Scalfoni, Barros Giffoni, Lopez-Mendilaharsu & Thome 2011 Padua-Almeida, Thome, Baptistotte, Marcovaldi, Santos & Lopez 2011 Rhodin, Iverson, Bour, Fritz, Georges, Shaffer & Dijk 2021 Roberto & Loebmann 2016 Rocha, Bergallo, Pombal, Geise, Sluys, Fernandes & Caramaschi 2004 Ruschi 1966 Santos & Ferreira-Junior 2009 Silva-Soares, Ferreira, Salles & Rocha 2011 Soto, Beheregaray & Rebello 1997 Stahelin, Fiedler, Lima, Sales & Wanderlinde 2012 Thome, Baptistotte, Moreira, Scalfoni, Almeida, Riethi & Barata 2007 Zaher, Barbo, Martinez, Nogueira, Rodrigues & Sawaya 2011  Family Emydidae (Western Pond Turtles) Genus Trachemys (Slider Turtles)   * Trachemys adiutrix Maranhao Slider Araujo, Costa, Santos, Sena, Silva & Barroso de Andrade 2021 Araujo, Ribeiro, Andrade, Pereira, Guzzi & Avila 2020 Batistella, Poetter & Vogt 2008 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Fritz & Havas 2006 Miranda, Costa & Rocha 2012 Rhodin, Iverson, Bour, Fritz, Georges, Shaffer & Dijk 2021 Vanzolini 1995   Trachemys dorbigni South Brazilian Slider Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Entiauspe-Neto, Perleberg & Freitas 2016 Fritz & Havas 2006 Iverson 1992 Lema 1994 Quintela, Medvedovsky, Ibarra, Neves & Figueiredo 2011 Rhodin, Iverson, Bour, Fritz, Georges, Shaffer & Dijk 2021 Souza Filho & Verrastro 2012 Tortato, Bressan & Kunz 2014 Wermuth & Mertens 1977  Family Geoemydidae (Eastern Pond Turtles) Genus Rhinoclemmys (Neotropical Wood Turtles)   Rhinoclemmys punctularia Eastern Spotted-legged Turtle Avila-Pires 2005 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Cunha, Nascimento & Avila-Pires 1985 Dornas, Malvasio & Pinheiro 2011 Farias do Valle, Marques & Santos Tinoco 2016 Freitas, Vieira, Entiauspe-Neto, Oliveira-e-Sousa, Farias, Sousa & Moura 2017 Fritz & Havas 2006 Iverson 1992 King & Burke 1989 Mendes-Pinto & Souza 2011 Nascimento, Avila-Pires, Santos & Lima 1991 Nascimento, Carvalho & Farias 2012 Novaes-e-Fagundes, Zina & Sole 2017 O'Shea 1990 Pereira, Santos, Vasconcelos & Oda 2013 Pereira-Ribeiro, Ferreguetti, Bergallo & Rocha 2022 Pritchard 1979 Rhodin, Iverson, Bour, Fritz, Georges, Shaffer & Dijk 2017 Rhodin, Iverson, Bour, Fritz, Georges, Shaffer & Dijk 2021 Schneider, Ferrara, Vogt & Santos-Junior 2009 Siciliano, Moura, Tavares, Amorim & Matias 2014 Silva, Resende, Paranhos & Barreto 2011 Silva, Rocha & Nogueira-Paranhos 2016 Wermuth & Mertens 1977  Family Kinosternidae (American Mud and Musk Turtles) Genus Kinosternon (American Mud Turtles)   Kinosternon scorpioides Scorpion Mud Turtle Avila-Pires 2005 Barreto, Lima & Barbosa 2009 Berry & Iverson 2011 Borges-Nojosa & Santos 2005 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Costa, Laranjeiras, Caldas, Santana, Silva, Alcantara, Brito, Galdino, Mesquita, Faria, Franca, Avila & Garda 2018 Cunha, Nascimento & Avila-Pires 1985 Fernandes-Ferreira, Mendonca, Cruz, Borges-Nojosa & Alves 2013 Ferrara, Schneider, Vogt & Santos-Junior 2009 Ferreira, Terra, Piatti, Delatorre, Strussmann, Beda, Kawashita-Ribeiro, Landgref-Filho, Aoki, Campos, Souza, Avila, Duleba, Martins, Rita & Albuquerque 2017 Freitas, Abegg, Silva Araujo, Almeida Coelho, Santos Azevedo, Frazao Chaves & Barbosa de Moura 2019 Freitas, Vieira, Entiauspe-Neto, Oliveira-e-Sousa, Farias, Sousa & Moura 2017 Fritz & Havas 2006 Iverson 1992 King & Burke 1989 Lima Silveira, Machado Balestra, Ferreira, Ferreira Luz, Pena & Coutinho 2011 Lima-Verde & Cascon 1990 Loebmann & Haddad 2010 Magnusson, Lima & Araujo 1998 Melo, Moura, Freitas, Andrade, Casal, Abegg & Kokubum 2018 Nascimento, Avila-Pires, Santos & Lima 1991 Nascimento, Carvalho & Farias 2012 Oliveira, Araujo, Oliveira & Avila 2021 Pedrosa, Costa, Faria, Franca, Laranjeiras, Oliveira, Palmeira, Torquata, Mott, Vieira & Garda 2014 Rhodin, Iverson, Bour, Fritz, Georges, Shaffer & Dijk 2021 Ribeiro, Roberto, Sales, Avila & Almeida 2012 Roberto & Loebmann 2016 Silva, Nascimento Oliveira, Silva Vasconcelos, Silva, Silva, Silva & Barbosa de Souza 2020 Silva, Silva, Sena & Nascimento 2006 Tomas, Chiaravalotti, Camilo & Freitas 2015 Vanzolini, Ramos-Costa & Vitt 1980 Vogt, Lima, Souza & Fagundes 2019 Wermuth & Mertens 1977  Family Podocnemididae (Giant Side-necked Turtles) Genus Peltocephalus (Big-headed Amazon River Turtle)   Peltocephalus dumerilianus Big-headed Amazon River Turtle Avila-Pires 2005 Batista Dezincourt & Rodriques Maia 2004 Bonin, Devaux & Dupre 2006 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Fritz & Havas 2006 Iverson 1992 Keller, Villamarin, Bernhard & Silva 2016 King & Burke 1989 Nascimento, Avila-Pires, Santos & Lima 1991 Nascimento, Carvalho & Farias 2012 Ossa-Velasquez & Vogt 2011 Pritchard 1979 Rhodin, Iverson, Bour, Fritz, Georges, Shaffer & Dijk 2021 Wermuth & Mertens 1977 Genus Podocnemis (South American Side-necked River Turtles)   Podocnemis erythrocephala Red-headed Amazon River Turtle Avila-Pires 2005 Avila-Pires, Hoogmoed & Rocha 2010 Bernhard & Vogt 2012 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Fritz & Havas 2006 Iverson 1992 King & Burke 1989 McCord & Joseph-Ouni 2002 Mittermeier, Vogt, Bernhard & Ferrara 2015 Nascimento, Carvalho & Farias 2012 Pritchard 1979 Rhodin, Iverson, Bour, Fritz, Georges, Shaffer & Dijk 2021 Vogt & al. 1991 Wermuth & Mertens 1977   Podocnemis expansa Giant South American River Turtle Alves & Santana 2008 Alves-Junior, Lustosa, Bosso, Balestra, Bastos, Miranda & Santos 2012 Avila-Pires 2005 Cabral, Mattos & Rosas 2008 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Fachin Teran 2005 Fachin-Teran, Vogt & Gomez 1995 Ferreira-Junior & Amorim Castro 2006 Ferreira-Junior & Castro 2005 Iverson 1992 Keller, Villamarin, Bernhard & Silva 2016 King & Burke 1989 Lubiana & Ferreira-Junior 2009 Muller 1976 Nascimento 2002 Nascimento, Avila-Pires, Santos & Lima 1991 Nascimento, Carvalho & Farias 2012 Portelinha, Malvasio, Pina & Bertoluci 2013 Rhodin, Iverson, Bour, Fritz, Georges, Shaffer & Dijk 2021 Salera-Junior, Goncalves Portelinha & Malvasio 2009 Salera-Junior, Malvasio & Goncalves Portelinha 2009   Podocnemis sextuberculata Six-tubercled Amazon River Turtle Avila-Pires 2005 Bonin, Devaux & Dupre 2006 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Fachin Teran 2005 Fachin-Teran, Vogt & Thorbjarnarson 2003 Fritz & Havas 2006 Iverson 1992 Keller, Villamarin, Bernhard & Silva 2016 King & Burke 1989 McCord & Joseph-Ouni 2002 Nascimento 2002 Nascimento, Carvalho & Farias 2012 Rhodin, Iverson, Bour, Fritz, Georges, Shaffer & Dijk 2021 Santos Azevedo, Oliveira & Costa 2021 Silva, Jaco, Silva, Fagundes, Lopes & Vogt 2016 Wermuth & Mertens 1977   Podocnemis unifilis Yellow-spotted Amazon River Turtle Avila-Pires 2005 Bernarde, Machado & Turci 2011 Bernardo, Guerra-Fuentes, Matiazzi & Zaher 2012 Cabral, Mattos & Rosas 2008 Caramaschi 2020 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Cunha, Nascimento & Avila-Pires 1985 Dias-Lima 2008 Fachin Teran 2005 Fachin-Teran & Vogt 2004 Fachin-Teran, Vogt & Gomez 1995 Franca, Freitas, Ramalho & Bernarde 2017 Freitas, Mendes Venancio, Abegg, Santos Azevedo, Oliveira Pereira, Pinheiro Zanotti, Veloso, Schwarzbach, Oliveira e Sousa, Cruz-da-Silva, Goncalves de Amorim & Barbosa de Moura 2020 Freitas, Vieira, Entiauspe-Neto, Oliveira-e-Sousa, Farias, Sousa & Moura 2017 Fritz & Havas 2006 Haller & Rodrigues 2005 Iverson 1992 Keller, Villamarin, Bernhard & Silva 2016 King & Burke 1989 Nascimento 2002 Nascimento, Avila-Pires, Santos & Lima 1991 Nascimento, Carvalho & Farias 2012 O'Shea 1990 Pantoja & Fraga 2012 Pignati, Dattilo & Pezzuti 2011 Rhodin, Iverson, Bour, Fritz, Georges, Shaffer & Dijk 2021 Rodrigues-Franca & Mendes Venancio 2010 Salera-Junior, Malvasio & Goncalves Portelinha 2009 Santos 2019  Family Testudinidae (Tortoises) Genus Chelonoidis (South American Tortoises)   Chelonoidis carbonarius South American Red-footed Tortoise Avila-Pires 2005 Avila-Pires, Hoogmoed & Rocha 2010 Bernardo, Guerra-Fuentes, Matiazzi & Zaher 2012 Borges-Nojosa & Santos 2005 Castro, Mangia, Medeiros Magalhaes, Roehr, Camurugi, Silveira Filho, Silva, Andrade-Oliveira, Sousa, Rodrigues Franca, Harris, Garda & Borges-Nojosa 2019 Coimbra-Filho & Maia 1979 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Costa-Campos, Ribeiro Sanches, Pedroso-Santos, Figueiredo, Tavares-Pinheiro & Almeida-Santos 2021 Dias-Lima 2008 Fernandes-Ferreira, Mendonca, Cruz, Borges-Nojosa & Alves 2013 Ferreira, Terra, Piatti, Delatorre, Strussmann, Beda, Kawashita-Ribeiro, Landgref-Filho, Aoki, Campos, Souza, Avila, Duleba, Martins, Rita & Albuquerque 2017 Freitas, Abegg, Ribeiro Dias & Figueiredo Moraes 2018 Freitas, Abegg, Silva Araujo, Almeida Coelho, Santos Azevedo, Frazao Chaves & Barbosa de Moura 2019 Freitas, Vieira, Entiauspe-Neto, Oliveira-e-Sousa, Farias, Sousa & Moura 2017 Fritz & Havas 2006 Iverson 1992 King & Burke 1989 Loebmann & Haddad 2010 Lopes Santos, Pereira de Andrade, Victor-Junior & Vaz-Silva 2014 McCord & Joseph-Ouni 2004 Mendes-Pinto & Souza 2011 Moreira 1991 Nascimento, Carvalho & Farias 2012 Oliveira Lima, Andrade, Lima da Silva & Reis Dias 2022 O'Shea 1990 Pereira Ramalho, Fagundes Franca, Guerra, Marciano, Vale & Rodrigues Silva 2018 Pereira-Ribeiro, Ferreguetti, Bergallo & Rocha 2022 Pritchard 1979 Protazio, Protazio, Silva, Conceicao, Braga, Santos, Ribeiro, Almeida, Gama, Vieira & Silva 2021 Rhodin, Iverson, Bour, Fritz, Georges, Shaffer & Dijk 2021 Ribeiro Barbosa, Nishida, Silva Costa & Ramos Caze 2007 Roberto & Loebmann 2016 Santana, Vieira, Pereira-Filho, Delfim, Lima & Vieira 2008 Santos Azevedo, Oliveira & Costa 2021 Silva Pinto & Yuki 1999 Silva, Cintra, Silva, Costa, Amaral-Souza, Pacheco & Goncalves 2009 Silva-Soares, Ferreira, Salles & Rocha 2011 Souza, Uetanabaro, Landgref-Filho, Piatti & Prado 2010 Strong & Fragoso 2006 Strong & Walde 2006 Tavares Mendonca, Silva Vieira & Nobrega Alves 2014 Uetanabaro, Souza, Filho, Beda & Brandao 2007 Vanzolini 1994 Vaz-Silva, Guimaraes-Guedes, Azevedo-Silva, Gontijo, Barbosa, Aloisio & Oliveira 2007 Wang, Donatti, Ferreira, Raizer & Himmelstein 2011 Wermuth & Mertens 1977   Chelonoidis denticulatus South American Yellow-footed Tortoise Avila-Pires 2005 Avila-Pires, Hoogmoed & Rocha 2010 Bernarde, Machado & Turci 2011 Bernardo, Guerra-Fuentes, Matiazzi & Zaher 2012 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Cunha, Nascimento & Avila-Pires 1985 Dias-Lima 2008 Ferreira, Sturaro & Peloso 2017 Ferreira, Terra, Piatti, Delatorre, Strussmann, Beda, Kawashita-Ribeiro, Landgref-Filho, Aoki, Campos, Souza, Avila, Duleba, Martins, Rita & Albuquerque 2017 Fonseca, Silva, Abegg, Rosa & Bernarde 2019 Franca, Freitas, Ramalho & Bernarde 2017 Freitas, Mendes Venancio, Abegg, Santos Azevedo, Oliveira Pereira, Pinheiro Zanotti, Veloso, Schwarzbach, Oliveira e Sousa, Cruz-da-Silva, Goncalves de Amorim & Barbosa de Moura 2020 Freitas, Vieira, Entiauspe-Neto, Oliveira-e-Sousa, Farias, Sousa & Moura 2017 Iverson 1992 Keller, Villamarin, Bernhard & Silva 2016 King & Burke 1989 McCord & Joseph-Ouni 2004 Mendes-Pinto & Souza 2011 Moraes, Almeida, Fraga, Rojas, Pirani, Silva, Carvalho, Gordo & Werneck 2017 Moreira 1991 Muller 1976 Nascimento, Avila-Pires, Santos & Lima 1991 Nascimento, Carvalho & Farias 2012 O'Shea 1990 Rhodin, Iverson, Bour, Fritz, Georges, Shaffer & Dijk 2021 Rodrigues-Franca & Mendes Venancio 2010 Strong & Fragoso 2006 Turci & Bernarde 2008 Wermuth & Mertens 1977