Citation: Midtgaard, Rune. RepFocus - A Survey of the Reptiles of the World. (www.repfocus.dk).
Latest update:
August 27th, 2024.
 
|
Genus
Crotalus
 |
Typical Rattlesnakes
|
 |
Klapperschlangen
|
 |
Egentlige Klapperslanger
|
|
1758 |  |
Crotalus Linnaeus (type species: Crotalus horridus Linnaeus 1758) |
|
| |
Crotalinus Rafinesque 1815 [emendation of Crotalus; Klauber 1956 erroneously listed it as a new genus with type species Crotalinus cyanurus Rafinesque 1818] |
|
1764 | |
Crotalophorus Houttuyn (type species: Crotalus horridus Linnaeus 1758) |
|
1768 | |
Caudisona Laurenti (type species: Caudisona terrifica Laurenti 1768) |
|
1820 | |
Crotalurus Rafinesque [substitute name or emendation of Crotalinus Rafinesque 1815] |
|
1830 | |
Uropsophus Wagler (type species: Uropsophus triseriatus Wagler 1830) |
|
1843 | |
Urocrotalon Fitzinger (type species: Crotalus durissus Linnaeus 1758) |
|
1867 | |
Aploaspis Cope 1866 (type species: Caudisona lepida Kennicott 1861) |
|
1875 | |
Aechmophrys Coues in Wheeler (type species: Crotalus cerastes Hallowell 1854) |
|
1884 | |
Haploaspis Cope 1883 [emendation of Aploaspis Cope 1867] |
|
1930 | |
Paracrotalus Reuss (type species: Caudisona terrifica Laurenti 1768) |
|
2009 | |
Cottonus Hoser (type species: Crotalus intermedius Troschel 1865) |
|
2009 | |
Crutchfieldus Hoser (type species: Crotalus catalinensis Cliff 1954) |
|
2009 | |
Cummingea Hoser (type species: Crotalus stejnegeri Dunn 1919) |
|
2009 | |
Edwardsus Hoser (type species: Crotalus adamanteus Beauvois 1799) |
|
2009 | |
Hoserea Hoser (type species: Crotalus atrox Baird & Girard 1853) |
|
2009 | |
Matteoea Hoser (type species: Caudisona mitchellii Cope 1861) |
|
2009 | |
Mullinsus Hoser (type species: Crotalus adamanteus ruber Cope 1892) |
|
2009 | |
Piersonus Hoser (type species: Crotalus ravus Cope 1865) |
|
2009 | |
Pillotus Hoser (type species: Caudisona enyo Cope 1861) |
|
2009 | |
Sayersus Hoser (type species: Crotalinus viridis Rafinesque 1818) |
|
2009 | |
Smythus Hoser (type species: Crotalus molossus Baird & Girard 1853) |
Contents:
59 species, of which 41 (69.5%) are endemic.
Endemism: 0%  100%
Remarks:
Hoser (2009b) revalidated Aechmophrys, Caudisona, and Urosophus as separate genera and described four new genera and seven new subgenera.
His publication has generally been ignored, as it is herein, and some authors have recommended not to use his taxonomy
(e.g., Zaher, Grazziotin, Cadle, Murphy, Moura-Leite & Bonatto 2009; Wüster & Bernils 2011).
A case is pending before the International Committee on Zoological Nomenclature regarding the validity of Hoser's works.
Distribution:
North America, Central America, South America.
Reported from:
Argentina,
Aruba,
Belize,
Bolivia,
Brazil
(Alagoas,
Amapa,
Amazonas,
Bahia,
Ceara,
Distrito Federal,
Goias,
Maranhao,
Mato Grosso,
Mato Grosso do Sul,
Minas Gerais,
Para
[incl.
Marajo Island],
Paraiba,
Parana,
Pernambuco,
Piaui,
Rio de Janeiro,
Rio Grande do Norte,
Rio Grande do Sul,
Rondonia,
Roraima,
Santa Catarina,
Sao Paulo,
Sergipe,
Tocantins),
Canada
(Alberta,
British Columbia,
Saskatchewan),
Colombia,
Costa Rica,
El Salvador,
French Guiana,
Guatemala,
Guyana,
Honduras,
Mexico
(Aguascalientes,
Baja California Norte
[incl.
Isla Angel de la Guarda,
Isla Cedros,
Isla San Lorenzo Sur,
Islas Coronados
(incl.
Isla Coronado Sur),
Islas Las Encantadas
[incl.
Isla El Muerto],
Baja California Sur
[incl.
Isla Carmen,
Isla Cerralvo,
Isla San Francisco,
Isla San Jose,
Isla San Marcos,
Isla Santa Catalina,
Isla Tortuga],
Campeche,
Chiapas,
Chihuahua,
Coahuila,
Colima,
Distrito Federal,
Durango,
Guanajuato,
Guerrero,
Hidalgo,
Jalisco,
Mexico State,
Michoacan,
Morelos,
Nayarit,
Nuevo Leon,
Oaxaca,
Puebla,
Queretaro,
Quintana Roo,
San Luis Potosi,
Sinaloa,
Sonora
[incl.
Isla San Esteban,
Isla San Pedro Martir],
Tabasco,
Tamaulipas,
Tlaxcala,
Veracruz,
Yucatan,
Zacatecas),
Nicaragua,
Paraguay,
Peru,
Surinam,
Uruguay,
USA
(Alabama,
Arizona,
Arkansas,
California
[incl.
Channel Islands],
Colorado,
Connecticut,
Florida,
Georgia,
Idaho,
Illinois,
Indiana,
Iowa,
Kansas,
Kentucky,
Louisiana,
Maryland,
Massachusetts,
Minnesota,
Mississippi,
Missouri,
Montana,
Nebraska,
Nevada,
New Hampshire,
New Jersey,
New Mexico,
New York,
North Carolina,
North Dakota,
Ohio,
Oklahoma,
Oregon,
Pennsylvania,
Rhode Island,
South Carolina,
South Dakota,
Tennessee,
Texas,
Utah,
Vermont,
Virginia,
Washington,
West Virginia,
Wisconsin,
Wyoming),
Venezuela
(incl.
Margarita).
| |
|
Crotalus abyssus
|
Grand Canyon Rattlesnake
|
|
Grand-Canyon-Klapperschlange
|
|
Grand Canyon-klapperslange
|
|
1930 | |
Crotalus confluentus abyssus Klauber |
|
| |
Crotalus viridis abyssus Klauber 1936 |
|
| |
Crotalus abyssus Douglas, Douglas, Schuett, Porras & Holycross 2002 |
|
| |
Crotalus oreganus abyssus Ashton & Queiroz 2001 |
Remarks:
Previously treated as a subspecies of viridis or, more recently, of oreganus.
Revalidated by Douglas, Douglas, Schuett, Porras & Holycross (2002), followed by other works (e.g., Wallach, Williams & Boundy 2014).
However, Davis, Douglas, Collyer & Douglas (2016) recommended treating abyssus as part of lutosus.
Distribution:
USA
(Arizona,
Utah).
|
Crotalus abyssus
© Rune Midtgaard
|
|
Crotalus adamanteus
|
Eastern Diamondback Rattlesnake
|
|
Östliche Diamantklapperschlange
|
|
Østlig Diamantklapperslange
|
|
1799 | |
Crotalus adamanteus Beauvois |
|
| |
Caudisona adamantea Cope 1867 |
|
1801 | |
Crotalus rhombifer Latreille in Sonnini & Latreille [1801-02] (Campbell & Lamar 2004) |
|
1954 | |
Crotalus adamanteus pleistofloridensis Brattstrom (Campbell & Lamar 2004) |
|
1954 | |
Crotalus giganteus Brattstrom (Campbell & Lamar 2004) |
Distribution:
USA
(Alabama,
Florida,
Georgia,
Louisiana,
Mississippi,
North Carolina,
South Carolina).
|
Crotalus adamanteus
© Rune Midtgaard
|
|
Crotalus angelensis
|
Angel de la Guarda Island Speckled Rattlesnake
|
|
Angel de la Guarda-Klapperschlange
|
|
Angel de la Guarda-klapperslange
|
|
1963 | |
Crotalus mitchelli angelensis Klauber |
|
| |
Crotalus angelensis Grismer 1999 |
Remarks:
Previously regarded as a subspecies of mitchellii.
Treated as a separate species herein, following Grismer (1999) and several subsequent works (e.g., Liner 2007; Enderson, Quijada-Mascarenas, Turner, Rosen & Bezy 2009;
Meik, Streicher, Lawing, Flores-Villela & Fujita 2015; Meik, Streicher, Lawing, Flores-Villela & Fujita 2015).
Regarded as a synonym of mitchellii by other authors (e.g., Wallach, Williams & Boundy 2014; Campbell & Lamar 2004).
Distribution:
Mexico
(Baja California Norte:
Isla Angel de la Guarda).
|
|
|
Crotalus aquilus
|
Queretaran Dusky Rattlesnake, Queretaran Blotched Rattlesnake
|
|
Queretaro-Plateau-Klapperschlange
|
|
Queretaro-klapperslange
|
|
1952 | |
Crotalus triseriatus aquilus Klauber |
|
| |
Crotalus aquilus Harris 1978 |
|
1978 | |
Crotalus triseriatus quadrangularis Harris & Smith (Campbell & Lamar 2004) |
Other common names:
quadrangularis: Hidalgan Dusky Rattlesnake
Remarks:
Previously regarded as a subspecies of triseriatus. Revalidated by Dorcas (1992).
Distribution:
Mexico
(Aguascalientes,
Distrito Federal,
Guanajuato,
Hidalgo,
Jalisco,
Mexico State,
Michoacan,
Queretaro,
San Luis Potosi,
Veracruz,
Zacatecas).
|
Crotalus aquilus
© Rune Midtgaard
|
|
Crotalus armstrongi
|
Western Dusky Rattlesnake, (Armstrong's Dusky Rattlesnake)
|
|
Westliche Plateau-Klapperschlange
|
|
Vestlig Mørk Klapperslange
|
|
1978 | |
Crotalus triseriatus armstrongi Campbell |
|
| |
Crotalus armstrongi Reyes-Velasco, Meik, Smith & Castoe 2013 |
Remarks:
Previously included the population now assigned to campbelli.
Listed as likely to occur in Colima by Lemos-Espinal, Smith, Pierce & Painter (2020), although recorded already by Reyes-Velasco, Hermosillo-Lopez, Grünwald & Avila-Lopez (2009).
Distribution:
Mexico
(Colima,
Jalisco,
Michoacan,
Nayarit).
|
|
|
Crotalus atrox
|
Western Diamondback Rattlesnake
|
|
Westliche Diamantklapperschlange, Texas-Klapperschlange
|
|
Vestlig Diamantklapperslange, Texas-klapperslange
|
|
1852 | |
Crotalus cinereous Le Conte in Hallowell [suppressed] (International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature 1955; Campbell & Lamar 2004) |
|
1853 | |
Crotalus atrox Baird & Girard |
|
| |
Crotalus adamanteus atrox Jan 1859 |
|
1861 | |
Crotalus atrox var. sonoraensis Kennicott (Campbell & Lamar 2004) |
|
| |
Crotalus adamanteus var. sonoriensis Jan 1863 [unjustified emendation] |
|
| |
Crotalus sonoriensis Golay & al. 1993 [cited in the synonymy of atrox] |
Remarks:
Previously included tortugensis.
Recorded from several places in Kansas, where it may have been introduced, and although at least one of the records may represent a reproducing population,
presence in the state needs confirmation (Campbell & Lamar 2004).
Reports from Missouri are questionable (Campbell & Lamar 2004).
Also older, isolated records from Oaxaca (Mexico), where it may be extirpated.
Distribution:
Mexico
(Aguascalientes,
Baja California Norte,
Baja California Sur,
Chihuahua,
Coahuila,
Durango,
Guanajuato,
Hidalgo,
Jalisco,
Mexico State,
Nuevo Leon,
Oaxaca,
Queretaro,
San Luis Potosi,
Sinaloa,
Sonora
[incl.
Isla San Pedro Martir],
Tamaulipas,
Veracruz,
Zacatecas),
USA
(Arizona,
Arkansas,
California,
Nevada,
New Mexico,
Oklahoma,
Texas).
|
Crotalus atrox
© Rune Midtgaard
|
|
Crotalus basiliscus
|
Mexican West Coast Rattlesnake, Mexican Green Rattlesnake
|
|
Mexikanische Westküsten-Klapperschlange, Basilisken-Klapperschlange
|
|
Vestmexicansk Klapperslange
|
|
1864 | |
Caudisona basilisca Cope |
|
| |
Crotalus basiliscus Cope 1875 |
|
| |
Crotalus durissus basiliscus Garman 1884 |
|
| |
Crotalus terrificus basiliscus Amaral 1929 |
Remarks:
Previously included totonacus and the subspecies oaxacus, now considered a subspecies of molossus.
Distribution:
Mexico
(Aguascalientes,
Chihuahua,
Colima,
Jalisco,
Michoacan,
Nayarit,
Sinaloa,
Sonora,
Zacatecas).
|
Crotalus basiliscus
© Rune Midtgaard
|
|
Crotalus brunneus
|
Oaxacan Pygmy Rattlesnake
|
|
Oaxaca-Zwergklapperschlange
|
|
Oaxaca-dværgklapperslange
|
|
1978 | |
Sistrurus ravus brunneus Harris & Simmons |
|
| |
Crotalus ravus brunneus Bryson 2007 |
|
| |
Crotalus brunneus Blair, Bryson, Linkem, Lazcano, Klicka & McCormack 2018 |
Distribution:
Mexico
(Oaxaca).
|
|
|
Crotalus caliginis
|
Coronado Sur Island Rattlesnake
|
|
Coronado-Klapperschlange
|
|
Coronado-klapperslange
|
|
1949 | |
Crotalus viridis caliginis Klauber |
|
| |
Crotalus caliginis Grismer 2001 |
|
| |
Crotalus oreganus caliginis Ashton & Queiroz 2001 |
Remarks:
Previously regarded as a subspecies or synonym of viridis (e.g., Golay & al. 1993; Liner 1994), of helleri
(e.g., Schuett, Porras & Holycross 2002; Ashton & Queiroz 2001; Flores-Villela & Marquez 2004) or of oreganus (e.g., Campbell & Lamar 2004).
It is here treated as a separate species, following several recent works (e.g., Grismer 2001; Liner 2007; Enderson, Quijada-Mascarenas, Turner, Rosen & Bezy 2009; Wallach, Williams & Boundy 2014).
However, Davis, Douglas, Collyer & Douglas (2016) recommended treating caliginis as an insular population of helleri.
Distribution:
Mexico
(Baja California Norte:
Islas Coronados:
Isla Coronado Sur).
|
|
|
Crotalus campbelli
|
Guerreran Dusky Rattlesnake
|
|
Guerrero-Plateau-Klapperschlange
|
|
Mørk Guerrero-klapperslange
|
|
2014 | |
Crotalus campbelli Bryson, Linkem, Dorcas, Lathrop, Jones, Alvarado-Díaz, Grünwald & Murphy |
Remarks:
Previously regarded as a population of triseriatus (e.g., Boulenger 1896) or of armstrongi (e.g., Dorcas 1992).
Distribution:
Mexico
(Colima,
Jalisco,
Nayarit).
|
|
|
Crotalus catalinensis
|
Santa Catalina Rattlesnake, Santa Catalina Island Rattleless Rattlesnake
|
|
Santa Catalina-Klapperschlange
|
|
Santa Catalina-klapperslange
|
|
1954 | |
Crotalus catalinensis Cliff |
Distribution:
Mexico
(Baja California Sur:
Isla Santa Catalina).
|
Crotalus catalinensis
© Rune Midtgaard
|
|
Crotalus cerastes
|
Sidewinder
|
|
Seitenwinder-Klapperschlange, Gehörnte Klapperschlange
|
|
Sideruller
|
|
1854 | |
Crotalus cerastes Hallowell |
|
| |
Caudisona cerastes Cope 1867 |
|
| |
Aechmophrys cerastes Coues 1875 |
|
1944 | |
Crotalus cerastes laterorepens Klauber |
|
1953 | |
Crotalus cerastes cercobombus Savage & Cliff |
Other common names:
cerastes: Mojave Desert Sidewinder
cercobombus: Sonora Desert Sidewinder
laterorepens: Colorado Desert Sidewinder
Distribution:
Mexico
(Baja California Norte,
Sonora),
USA
(Arizona,
California,
Nevada,
Utah).
|
Crotalus cerastes
© Rune Midtgaard
|
|
Crotalus cerberus
|
Arizona Black Rattlesnake
|
|
Schwarze Klapperschlange
|
|
Sort Klapperslange
|
|
1875 | |
Caudisona lucifer cerberus Coues |
|
| |
Crotalus oregonus cerberus [sic] Garman 1884 |
|
| |
Crotalus viridis cerberus Klauber 1949 |
|
| |
Crotalus oreganus cerberus Ashton & Queiroz 2001 |
|
| |
Crotalus cerberus Douglas, Douglas, Schuett, Porras & Holycross 2002 |
Remarks:
Regarded as a separate species by many authors (e.g., Douglas, Douglas, Schuett, Porras & Holycross 2002; Brennan & Holycross 2006; Crother (ed.) 2008, 2012;
Enderson, Quijada-Mascarenas, Turner, Rosen & Bezy 2009), but retained as a subspecies of oreganus by others
(e.g., Crother, Boundy & al. 2003; Campbell & Lamar 2004).
Validity as a separate species supported by Davis, Douglas, Collyer & Douglas (2016).
Introduced to:
USA
(Iowa).
Distribution:
USA
(Arizona,
New Mexico).
|
Crotalus cerberus
© Rune Midtgaard
|
|
Crotalus concolor
|
Midget Faded Rattlesnake
|
|
Utah-Klapperschlange
|
|
Utah-klapperslange
|
|
1929 | |
Crotalus concolor Woodbury [not Crotalus durissus var. concolor Jan 1859] |
|
| |
Crotalus confluentus concolor Woodbury 1930 |
|
| |
Crotalus viridis concolor Klauber 1936 |
|
| |
Crotalus oreganus concolor Ashton & Queiroz 2001 |
Remarks:
Previously treated as a subspecies of viridis or, more recently, oreganus.
Revalidated as a separate species by Douglas, Douglas, Schuett, Porras & Holycross (2002), followed by others (e.g., Wallach, Williams & Boundy 2014).
Validity as a separate species supported by Davis, Douglas, Collyer & Douglas (2016).
Distribution:
USA
(Arizona,
Colorado,
Utah,
Wyoming).
|
Crotalus concolor
© Rune Midtgaard
|
|
Crotalus culminatus
|
Northwestern Neotropical Rattlesnake, Northwestern Middle American Rattlesnake
|
|
Nordwestliche Neotropische Klapperschlange
|
|
Nordvestlig Neotropisk Klapperslange
|
|
1952 | |
Crotalus durissus culminatus Klauber |
|
| |
Crotalus simus culminatus Campbell & Lamar 2004 |
|
| |
Crotalus culminatus Wüster, Ferguson, Quijada-Mascareñas, Pook, Graca-Salomão & Thorpe 2005 |
Remarks:
Reyes Velasco, Cox, Jones, Borja & Campbell (2022) presented evidence suggesting that ehecatl may be a synonym of culminatus.
Distribution:
Mexico
(Guerrero,
Mexico State,
Michoacan,
Morelos,
Puebla).
|
Crotalus culminatus
© Rune Midtgaard
|
|
Crotalus durissus
|
South American Rattlesnake, Neotropical Rattlesnake
|
|
Tropische Klapperschlange, Rautenklapperschlange, Schauer-Klapperschlange, Cascabel
|
|
Sydamerikansk Klapperslange
|
|
1758 | |
Crotalus Durissus Linnaeus |
|
| |
Urocrotalon durissus Fitzinger 1843 |
|
| |
Crotalus terrificus durissus Amaral 1929 |
|
1758 | |
Crotalus Dryinas Linnaeus [suppressed by Principle of the First Revisor (Art. 24)] (Campbell & Lamar 2004) |
|
| |
Crotalus strepitans dryinas Daudin 1803 |
|
| |
Crotalus durissus dryinus Hoge 1966 |
|
1768 | |
Caudisona Gronovii Laurenti (Campbell & Lamar 2004) |
|
1768 | |
Caudisona orientalis Laurenti (Campbell & Lamar 2004) |
|
| |
Crotalus orientalis Gmelin 1788 |
|
1768 | |
Caudisona terrifica Laurenti |
|
| |
Crotalus terrificus Cope 1875 |
|
| |
Crotalus durissus terrificus Klauber 1936 |
|
| |
Paracrotalus terrificus Reuss 1930 |
|
1778 | |
Crotalus exalbidus Boddaert (Campbell & Lamar 2004) |
|
1801 | |
Crotalus immaculatus Latreille in Sonnini & Latreille (Campbell & Lamar 2004) |
|
1803 | |
Crotalus strepitans Daudin (Campbell & Lamar 2004) |
|
1813 | |
Crotalus loeflingii Humboldt in Humboldt & Bonpland (Campbell & Lamar 2004) |
|
1824 | |
Crotalus cascavella Wagler (Wüster, Ferguson, Quijada-Mascareñas, Pook, Graca-Salomão & Thorpe 2005; Campbell & Lamar 2004) |
|
| |
Crotalus durissus cascavella Hoge 1966 |
|
1833 | |
Crotalus cumanensis Humboldt |
|
| |
Crotalus durissus cumanensis Hoge 1966 |
|
1905 | |
Crotalus pulvis Ditmars "1904" (status uncertain; Campbell & Lamar 2004) |
|
1926 | |
Crotalus terrificus var. collilineatus Amaral (Wüster, Ferguson, Quijada-Mascareñas, Pook, Graca-Salomão & Thorpe 2005; Campbell & Lamar 2004) |
|
| |
Crotalus durissus collilineatus Hoge 1966 |
|
1926 | |
Crotalus terrificus var. collirhombeatus Amaral (Campbell & Lamar 2004) |
|
1956 | |
Crotalus durissus crotaminicus Moura Goncalves [nomen nudum] (Klauber 1972; Campbell & Lamar 2004) |
|
1966 | |
Crotalus durissus marajoensis Hoge "1965" |
|
1966 | |
Crotalus durissus ruruima Hoge "1965" |
|
| |
Crotalus territicus ruruima Sandner-Montilla 1980 |
|
1978 | |
Crotalus durissus trigonicus Harris & Simmons "1976-77" |
|
1980 | |
Crotalus pifanorum Sandner-Montilla (status uncertain; McCranie 1993; Campbell & Lamar 2004) |
|
| |
Crotalus durissus pifanorum Campbell & Lamar 2004 |
|
1995 | |
Crotalus maricelae Garcia-Perez (status uncertain; Campbell & Lamar 2004) |
Other common names:
cascavella: Northeastern Brazilian Rattlesnake
collilineatus: Central Brazilian Rattlesnake
cumanensis: Venezuelan Rattlesnake
dryinus: Amazonian Rattlesnake, Guianan Rattlesnake
durissus: Central American Rattlesnake
marajoensis: Marajo Island Rattlesnake, Marajoan Rattlesnake
ruruima: Mount Roraima Rattlesnake
terrificus: South American Rattlesnake, Tropical Rattlesnake
trigonicus: Rupununi Savanna Rattlesnake
Remarks:
Now restricted to South America.
Previously included culminatus, simus, totonacus, tzabcan, unicolor, and vegrandis.
The two latter forms are still sometimes regarded as subspecies of durissus (e.g., Campbell & Lamar 2004).
Records from Mexico and Central America refer to the first four species.
Distribution:
Argentina,
Bolivia,
Brazil
(Alagoas,
Amapa,
Amazonas,
Bahia,
Ceara,
Distrito Federal,
Goias,
Maranhao,
Mato Grosso,
Mato Grosso do Sul,
Minas Gerais,
Para
[incl.
Marajo Island],
Paraiba,
Parana,
Pernambuco,
Piaui,
Rio de Janeiro,
Rio Grande do Norte,
Rio Grande do Sul,
Rondonia,
Roraima,
Santa Catarina,
Sao Paulo,
Sergipe,
Tocantins),
Colombia,
French Guiana,
Guyana,
Paraguay,
Peru,
Surinam,
Uruguay,
Venezuela
(incl.
Isla Margarita).
|
Crotalus durissus
© Rune Midtgaard
|
|
Crotalus ehecatl
|
Chiapas Rattlesnake
|
|
Chiapas-Klapperschlange
|
|
Chiapas-klapperslange
|
|
2020 | |
Crotalus ehecatl Carbajal-Márquez, Cedeño-Vázquez, Martínez-Arce, Neri-Castro & Machkour-M'Rabet |
Remarks:
Suggested to be a synonym of culminatus by Reyes Velasco, Cox, Jones, Borja & Campbell (2022).
Distribution:
Mexico
(Chiapas,
Oaxaca).
|
|
|
Crotalus enyo
|
Baja California Rattlesnake
|
|
Niederkalifornische Klapperschlange
|
|
Baja California-klapperslange
|
|
1861 | |
Caudisona enyo Cope |
|
| |
Crotalus enyo Cope 1875 |
|
| |
Crotalus oregonus enyo Garman 1884 |
|
| |
Crotalus confluentus enyo Amaral 1929 |
|
1954 | |
Crotalus enyo cerralvensis Cliff |
|
1954 | |
Crotalus enyo furvus Lowe & Norris |
Other common names:
cerralvensis: Cerralvo Island Rattlesnake
enyo: Lower California Rattlesnake
furvus: Rosario Rattlesnake
Distribution:
Mexico
(Baja California Norte
[incl.
Islas Coronados],
Baja California Sur
[incl.
Isla Carmen,
Isla Cerralvo,
Isla San Francisco,
Isla San Jose]).
|
Crotalus enyo
© Rune Midtgaard
|
|
Crotalus ericsmithi
|
Southern Long-tailed Rattlesnake, Guerreran Long-tailed Rattlesnake
|
|
Südliche Langschwanz-Klapperschlange
|
|
Sydlig Langhalet Klapperslange
|
|
2008 | |
Crotalus ericsmithi Campbell & Flores-Villela |
Distribution:
Mexico
(Guerrero).
|
|
|
Crotalus estebanensis
|
San Esteban Island Black-tailed Rattlesnake
|
|
San Esteban-Klapperschlange
|
|
San Esteban-klapperslange
|
|
1949 | |
Crotalus molossus estebanensis Klauber |
|
| |
Crotalus estebanensis Grismer 1999 |
Remarks:
Previously regarded as a subspecies of molossus. Treated as a separate species here, following Grismer (1999) and several subsequent works (e.g., Liner 2007; Enderson, Quijada-Mascarenas, Turner, Rosen & Bezy 2009).
Distribution:
Mexico
(Sonora:
Isla San Esteban).
|
|
|
Crotalus exiguus
|
Guerreran Pygmy Rattlesnake
|
|
Guerrero-Zwergklapperschlange
|
|
Guerrero-dværgklapperslange
|
|
1979 | |
Sistrurus ravus exiguus Campbell & Armstrong |
|
| |
Crotalus ravus exiguus Bryson 2007 |
|
| |
Crotalus exiguus Blair, Bryson, Linkem, Lazcano, Klicka & McCormack 2018 |
Distribution:
Mexico
(Guerrero).
|
|
|
Crotalus helleri
|
Southern Pacific Rattlesnake
|
|
Südliche Pazifik-Klapperschlange
|
|
Sydvestlig Klapperslange
|
|
1905 | |
Crotalus helleri Meek |
|
| |
Crotalus viridis helleri Klauber 1949 |
|
| |
Crotalus oreganus helleri Ashton & Queiroz 2001 |
Remarks:
Previously treated as a subspecies of viridis or, more recently, oreganus.
Revalidated as a separate species by Douglas, Douglas, Schuett, Porras & Holycross (2002), followed by several other works (e.g., Wallach, Williams & Boundy 2014).
Validity as a separate species supported by Davis, Douglas, Collyer & Douglas (2016).
See remarks under caliginis.
Distribution:
Mexico
(Baja California Norte,
Baja California Sur),
USA
(California
[incl.
Channel Islands]).
|
Crotalus helleri
© Rune Midtgaard
|
|
Crotalus horridus
|
Timber Rattlesnake
|
|
Wald-Klapperschlange
|
|
Skovklapperslange
|
|
1758 | |
Crotalus horridus Linnaeus |
|
| |
Caudisona horrida Fleming 1822 |
|
1789 | |
Crotalus boiquira Lacepede "1788-89" (International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature 1987 (Opinion 1463); Campbell & Lamar 2004) |
|
1801 | |
Crotalus atricaudatus Latreille in Sonnini & Latreille (Clark, Moler, Possardt, Savitzky, Brown & Bowen 2003; Campbell & Lamar 2004) |
|
| |
Crotalus horridus atricaudatus Garman 1884 |
|
1805 | |
Crotalus zetazomae Brickell (Campbell & Lamar 2004) |
|
1818 | |
Crotalinus cyanurus Rafinesque (Campbell & Lamar 2004) |
|
| |
Crotalurus cyanurus Rafinesque 1820 |
|
1820 | |
Crotalus catesbaei Hemprich (Campbell & Lamar 2004) |
|
1859 | |
Crotalus durissus var. concolor Jan [suppressed; not Crotalus concolor Woodbury 1929] (International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature 1955 (Opinion 339); Campbell & Lamar 2004) |
|
1859 | |
Crotalus durissus var. melanurus Jan (Campbell & Lamar 2004) |
|
1863 | |
Crotalus durissus var. mexicana Jan (Campbell & Lamar 2004) |
|
1873 | |
Crotalus fasciatus Higgins (Campbell & Lamar 2004) |
Other common names:
atricaudatus: Canebrake Rattlesnake
Remarks:
Presumably extinct in Ontario (Canada), since last report was in 1941 (Cook 1984). Previously known from Rhode Island, but may be extirpated, since there are no recent reports from the state (Klemens 1993). There are undocumented reports from Delaware, but even if true, the species is presumably extirpated from the entire Delmarva Peninsula (White & White 2002).
Extinct in:
Canada
(Ontario),
USA
(Maine,
Rhode Island).
Distribution:
USA
(Alabama,
Arkansas,
Connecticut,
Florida,
Georgia,
Illinois,
Indiana,
Iowa,
Kansas,
Kentucky,
Louisiana,
Maryland,
Massachusetts,
Minnesota,
Mississippi,
Missouri,
Nebraska,
New Hampshire,
New Jersey,
New York,
North Carolina,
Ohio,
Oklahoma,
Pennsylvania,
South Carolina,
Tennessee,
Texas,
Vermont,
Virginia,
West Virginia,
Wisconsin).
|
Crotalus horridus
© Rune Midtgaard
|
|
Crotalus intermedius
|
Mexican Small-headed Rattlesnake
|
|
Kleinkopf-Klapperschlange
|
|
Mexicansk Smalhovedet Klapperslange
|
|
1865 | |
Crotalus intermedius Troschel in Müller |
|
| |
Sistrurus intermedius Garman 1884 |
|
1895 | |
Crotalus omiltemanus Gunther |
|
| |
Crotalus intermedius omiltemanus Klauber 1952 |
|
1941 | |
Crotalus triseriatus gloydi Taylor |
|
| |
Crotalus gloydi Smith & Taylor 1945 |
|
| |
Crotalus intermedius gloydi Davis & Dixon 1957 |
|
1946 | |
Crotalus gloydi lautus Smith (Campbell & Lamar 2004) |
Other common names:
gloydi: Oaxacan Small-headed Rattlesnake
intermedius: Totalcan Small-headed Rattlesnake
omiltemanus: Omilteman Small-headed Rattlesnake
Distribution:
Mexico
(Guerrero,
Hidalgo,
Oaxaca,
Puebla,
Tlaxcala,
Veracruz).
|
|
|
Crotalus lannomi
|
Autlán Rattlesnake
|
|
Autlán-Klapperschlange
|
|
Autlán-klapperslange
|
|
1966 | |
Crotalus lannomi Tanner |
Distribution:
Mexico
(Colima,
Jalisco).
|
|
|
Crotalus lepidus
|
Common Rock Rattlesnake
|
|
Gewöhnliche Felsen-Klapperschlange
|
|
Almindelig Bjergklapperslange
|
|
1861 | |
Caudisona lepida Kennicott |
|
| |
Aploaspis lepida Cope 1867 |
|
| |
Crotalus lepidus Cope 1884 |
|
1887 | |
Crotalus tigris var. palmeri Garman (Campbell & Lamar 2004) |
|
| |
Crotalus palmeri Günther 1895 |
|
1936 | |
Crotalus lepidus klauberi Gloyd |
|
1944 | |
Crotalus semicornutus Taylor (Campbell & Lamar 2004) |
|
1972 | |
Crotalus lepidus maculosus Tanner, Dixon & Harris |
|
1978 | |
Crotalus lepidus castaneus Juliá-Zertuche & Treviño |
Other common names:
klauberi: Banded Rock Rattlesnake
lepidus: Mottled Rock Rattlesnake
maculosus: Durangan Rock Rattlesnake
Remarks:
Previously included morulus.
Distribution:
Mexico
(Aguascalientes,
Chihuahua,
Coahuila,
Durango,
Jalisco,
Nayarit,
Nuevo Leon,
San Luis Potosi,
Sinaloa,
Sonora,
Zacatecas),
USA
(Arizona,
New Mexico,
Texas).
|
Crotalus lepidus
© Rune Midtgaard
|
|
Crotalus lorenzoensis
|
San Lorenzo Sur Island Red Diamond Rattlesnake
|
|
San Lorenzo-Klapperschlange
|
|
San Lorenzo-klapperslange
|
|
1975 | |
Crotalus ruber lorenzoensis Radcliffe & Maslin |
|
| |
Crotalus exsul lorenzoensis Grismer, McGuire & Hollingsworth 1994 |
|
| |
Crotalus lorenzoensis Grismer 1999 |
Remarks:
Previously regarded as a subspecies of ruber. Treated as a separate species here, following Grismer (1999) and several subsequent works (e.g., Liner 2007; Enderson, Quijada-Mascarenas, Turner, Rosen & Bezy 2009). Regarded as a synonym of ruber by Wallach, Williams & Boundy (2014).
Distribution:
Mexico
(Baja California Norte:
Isla San Lorenzo Sur).
|
|
|
Crotalus lutosus
|
Great Basin Rattlesnake
|
|
Great-Basin-Klapperschlange
|
|
Great Basin-klapperslange
|
|
1930 | |
Crotalus confluentus lutosus Klauber |
|
| |
Crotalus viridis lutosus Klauber 1936 |
|
| |
Crotalus oreganus lutosus Ashton & Queiroz 2001 |
|
| |
Crotalus lutosus Arizona Game and Fish Department 2002 |
Remarks:
Previously treated as a subspecies of viridis or, more recently, oreganus.
Regarded as a separate species by Douglas, Douglas, Schuett, Porras & Holycross (2002) and several other works (e.g., Wallach, Williams & Boundy 2014).
Validity as a separate species supported by Davis, Douglas, Collyer & Douglas (2016).
See remarks under abyssus.
Distribution:
USA
(Arizona,
California,
Idaho,
Nevada,
Oregon,
Utah).
|
Crotalus lutosus
© Rune Midtgaard
|
|
Crotalus mictlantecuhtli
|
Veracruz Rattlesnake
|
|
Veracruz-Klapperschlange
|
|
Veracruz-klapperslange
|
|
2020 | |
Crotalus mictlantecuhtli Carbajal-Márquez, Cedeño-Vázquez, Martínez-Arce, Neri-Castro & Machkour-M'Rabet |
Distribution:
Mexico
(Veracruz).
|
|
|
Crotalus mitchellii
|
San Lucan Speckled Rattlesnake, (Speckled Rattlesnake)
|
|
San-Lucas-Klapperschlange
|
|
San Lucas-klapperslange
|
|
1861 | |
Caudisona mitchellii Cope |
|
| |
Crotalus mitchellii Cope 1875 |
|
| |
Crotalus oregonus mitchellii Garman 1884 |
|
| |
Crotalus tigris mitchellii Amaral 1929 |
|
| |
Crotalus confluentus mitchellii Klauber 1930 |
|
1922 | |
Crotalus goldmani Schmidt (Campbell & Lamar 2004) |
Remarks:
Now restricted to Mexico.
Previously included angelensis, muertensis, pyrrhus, and stephensi.
Records from USA, Sonora, and most of Baja California Norte refer to pyrrhus and stephensi.
Distribution:
Mexico
(Baja California Norte,
Baja California Sur
[incl.
Isla Carmen,
Isla Cerralvo,
Isla San Jose]).
|
|
|
Crotalus molossus
|
Western Black-tailed Rattlesnake
|
|
Westliche Schwarzschwanz-Klapperschlange
|
|
Vestlig Sorthalet Klapperslange
|
|
1853 | |
Crotalus molossus Baird & Girard |
|
| |
Caudisona molossus Cope 1860 |
|
| |
Crotalus durissus molossus Garman 1884 |
|
1936 | |
Crotalus molossus nigrescens Gloyd |
|
1948 | |
Crotalus basiliscus oaxacus Gloyd |
|
| |
Crotalus molossus oaxacus Campbell & Lamar 1989 |
Other common names:
molossus: Northern Black-tailed Rattlesnake
nigrescens: Mexican Black-tailed Rattlesnake
oaxacus: Oaxacan Black-tailed Rattlesnake
Remarks:
Previously included estebanensis and ornatus. The Oaxacan Black-tailed Rattlesnake (oaxacus) was previously regarded as a subspecies of basiliscus.
Distribution:
Mexico
(Aguascalientes,
Chihuahua,
Coahuila,
Distrito Federal,
Durango,
Guanajuato,
Hidalgo,
Jalisco,
Mexico State,
Michoacan,
Morelos,
Nayarit,
Nuevo Leon,
Oaxaca,
Puebla,
Queretaro,
San Luis Potosi,
Sinaloa,
Sonora,
Tamaulipas,
Tlaxcala,
Veracruz,
Zacatecas),
USA
(Arizona,
New Mexico).
|
Crotalus molossus
© Rune Midtgaard
|
|
Crotalus morulus
|
Tamaulipan Rock Rattlesnake
|
|
Tamaulipas-Felsen-Klapperschlange
|
|
Tamaulipas-bjergklapperslange
|
|
1952 | |
Crotalus lepidus morulus Klauber |
|
| |
Crotalus morulus Bryson, Linkem, Dorcas, Lathrop, Jones, Alvarado-Díaz, Grünwald & Murphy 2014 |
Distribution:
Mexico
(Coahuila,
Nuevo Leon,
Tamaulipas).
|
|
|
Crotalus muertensis
|
El Muerto Island Speckled Rattlesnake
|
|
El Muerto-Klapperschlange
|
|
El Muerto-klapperslange
|
|
1949 | |
Crotalus mitchelli muertensis Klauber |
|
| |
Crotalus muertensis Grismer 1999 |
Remarks:
Previously regarded as a subspecies of mitchelli.
Treated as a separate species here, following Grismer (1999) and several subsequent works (e.g., Liner 2007; Enderson, Quijada-Mascarenas, Turner, Rosen & Bezy 2009).
Regarded as a synonym of mitchelli by some authors (e.g., Campbell & Lamar 2004; Wallach, Williams & Boundy 2014;
Meik, Streicher, Lawing, Flores-Villela & Fujita 2015).
Distribution:
Mexico
(Baja California Norte:
Islas Las Encantadas:
Isla El Muerto).
|
|
|
Crotalus oreganus
|
Northern Pacific Rattlesnake, Western Rattlesnake
|
|
Nördliche Pazifik-Klapperschlange
|
|
Nordvestlig Klapperslange
|
|
1840 | |
Crotalus oreganus Holbrook |
|
| |
Crotalus confluentus oreganus Amaral 1929 |
|
| |
Crotalus viridis oreganus Klauber 1936 |
|
1852 | |
Crotalus lucifer Baird & Girard (Campbell & Lamar 2004) |
|
| |
Crotalus adamanteus lucifer Jan 1863 |
|
| |
Caudisona lucifer Cope 1867 |
|
| |
Crotalus confluentus lucifer Cope 1884 |
|
| |
Crotalus oregonus lucifer Garman 1884 |
|
1868 | |
Crotalus hallowelli Cooper in Cronise (Campbell & Lamar 2004) |
|
1927 | |
Crotalus oreganus niger Kallert [nomen nudum] (Campbell & Lamar 2004) |
|
1930 | |
Crotalus confluentus decolor Klauber (Campbell & Lamar 2004) |
|
| |
Crotalus viridis decolor Gloyd 1940 |
Remarks:
Previously included abyssus, caliginis, cerberus, concolor, helleri, and lutosus. Regarded as a subspecies of viridis for more than half a century. Revalidated as a distinct species by Pook, Wüster & Thorpe (2000); Ashton & de Quieroz (2001); Douglas, Douglas, Schuett, Porras & Holycross (2002); and Campbell & Lamar (2004).
Distribution:
Canada
(British Columbia),
USA
(California,
Idaho,
Oregon,
Washington).
|
Crotalus oreganus
© Rune Midtgaard
|
|
Crotalus ornatus
|
Northeastern Black-tailed Rattlesnake, Eastern Black-tailed Rattlesnake
|
|
Nordöstliche Schwarzschwanz-Klapperschlange
|
|
Nordøstlig Sorthalet Klapperslange
|
|
1854 | |
Crotalus ornatus Hallowell |
Remarks:
Previously regarded as a synonym of molossus (e.g., Campbell & Lamar 2004). Revalidated as a separate species by Anderson & Greenbaum (2012).
Distribution:
Mexico
(Chihuahua,
Coahuila,
Nuevo Leon),
USA
(New Mexico,
Texas).
|
|
|
Crotalus polisi
|
Isla Cabeza de Caballo Speckled Rattlesnake, Horsehead Island Speckled Rattlesnake
|
|
Isla-Cabeza-de-Caballo-Klapperschlange
|
|
Isla Cabeza de Caballo-klapperslange
|
|
2018 | |
Crotalus polisi Meik, Schaack, Flores-Villela & Streicher |
Distribution:
Mexico
(Baja California Norte:
Isla Cabeza de Caballo).
|
|
|
Crotalus polystictus
|
Mexican Lance-headed Rattlesnake
|
|
Mexikanische Lanzenkopf-Klapperschlange
|
|
Lansehovedet Klapperslange
|
|
1859 | |
Crotalus lugubris Jan [part] (Campbell & Lamar 2004) |
|
1863 | |
Crotalus lugubris var. multimaculata Jan [suppressed] (International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature 1955 (Opinion 366); Campbell & Lamar 2004) |
|
1865 | |
Caudisona polysticta Cope |
|
| |
Crotalus polystictus Cope 1875 |
|
1877 | |
Crotalus Jimenezii Dugès (Campbell & Lamar 2004) |
|
| |
Crotalus triseriatus jimenezii Garman 1884 |
Distribution:
Mexico
(Aguascalientes,
Distrito Federal,
Guanajuato,
Hidalgo,
Jalisco,
Mexico State,
Michoacan,
Morelos,
Puebla,
Queretaro,
Veracruz,
Zacatecas).
|
Crotalus polystictus
© Rune Midtgaard
|
|
Crotalus pricei
|
Twin-spotted Rattlesnake
|
|
Prices Klapperschlange
|
|
Dobbeltplettet Klapperslange
|
|
1895 | |
Crotalus pricei Van Denburgh |
|
| |
Crotalus triseriatus pricei Klauber 1931 |
|
1940 | |
Crotalus triseriatus miquihuanus Gloyd |
Other common names:
miquihuanus: Eastern Twin-spotted Rattlesnake, Miquihuanan Rattlesnake
pricei: Western Twin-spotted Rattlesnake
Remarks:
Reyes-Velasco, Grünwald, Jones, Price & Fisher (2012) provided the first vouchered record from San Luis Potosí, since Campbell & Lamar's (2004) inclusion of the state in the distribution was without references, and since no specimen from the state was found in collections (J. Reyes-Velasco, pers. comm., Oct. 9, 2012).
Distribution:
Mexico
(Aguascalientes,
Chihuahua,
Coahuila,
Durango,
Jalisco,
Nayarit,
Nuevo Leon,
San Luis Potosi,
Sonora,
Tamaulipas,
Zacatecas),
USA
(Arizona).
|
|
|
Crotalus pusillus
|
Tancitaran Dusky Rattlesnake, Southwestern Mexican Dusky Rattlesnake
|
|
Tancitaro-Klapperschlange
|
|
Sydvestmexicansk Mørk Klapperslange
|
|
1952 | |
Crotalus pusillus Klauber |
Remarks:
Campbell & Lamar (1989) did not include the two Mexican states Mexico and Morelos in the distribution of the species, although McCranie (1976) listed both states.
Distribution:
Mexico
(Colima,
Jalisco,
Michoacan).
|
|
|
Crotalus pyrrhus
|
Southwestern Speckled Rattlesnake
|
|
Südwestliche Gefleckte Klapperschlange
|
|
Sydvestlig Spættet Klapperslange
|
|
1867 | |
Caudisona pyrrha Cope "1866" |
|
| |
Crotalus pyrrhus Yarrow 1875 |
|
| |
Crotalus confluentus pyrrhus Garman 1884 |
|
| |
Crotalus mitchellii pyrrhus Stejneger 1895 |
Remarks:
Previously regarded as a subspecies of mitchelli.
Revalidated as a separate species by Meik, Streicher, Lawing, Flores-Villela & Fujita (2015).
Distribution:
Mexico
(Baja California Norte),
USA
(Arizona,
California,
Nevada,
Utah).
|
Crotalus pyrrhus
© Rune Midtgaard
|
|
Crotalus ravus
|
Central Plateau Pygmy Rattlesnake, (Mexican Pygmy Rattlesnake)
|
|
Zentralmexikanische Zwergklapperschlange
|
|
Centralmexicansk Dværgklapperslange
|
|
1865 | |
Crotalus ravus Cope |
|
| |
Caudisona rava Cope 1875 |
|
| |
Crotalus miliarius var. ravus Garman 1884 |
|
| |
Crotalophorus ravus Cope 1885 |
|
| |
Sistrurus ravus Boulenger 1896 |
|
1978 | |
Sistrurus ravus lutescens Harris & Simmons (Campbell & Armstrong 1979; Campbell & Lamar 2004) |
|
1982 | |
Sistrurus ravus sinaloensis Juliá-Zertuche [invalid name] (Campbell & Lamar 2004) |
Other common names:
lutescens: Montane Pygmy Rattlesnake
ravus: Central Plateau Pygmy Rattlesnake, Mexican Massasauga
Remarks:
Previously included brunneus and exiguus.
Records from Guerrero and Oaxaca refer to exiguus and brunneus, respectively.
Transferred back to the genus Crotalus by Murphy, Fu, Lathrop, Feltham & Kovac (2002), after having been considered a member of the genus
Sistrurus for more than a century.
Distribution:
Mexico
(Distrito Federal,
Hidalgo,
Mexico State,
Morelos,
Puebla,
Tlaxcala,
Veracruz).
|
|
|
Crotalus ruber
|
Red Diamond Rattlesnake
|
|
Rote Diamantklapperschlange
|
|
Rød Diamantklapperslange, Rød Klapperslange
|
|
1884 | |
Crotalus exsul Garman "1883" (International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature 2000: Opinion 1960; Campbell & Lamar 2004) |
|
1892 | |
Crotalus adamanteus ruber Cope |
|
| |
Crotalus ruber Van Denburgh 1896 |
|
| |
Crotalus atrox ruber Stejneger 1895 |
|
| |
Crotalus exsul ruber Kallert 1927 |
|
1920 | |
Crotalus lucasensis Van Denburgh |
|
| |
Crotalus atrox lucasensis Schmidt 1922 |
|
| |
Crotalus ruber lucasensis Klauber 1949 |
|
| |
Crotalus exsul lucasensis Grismer, McGuire & Hollingsworth 1994 |
|
1922 | |
Crotalus atrox elegans Schmidt (Campbell & Lamar 2004) |
|
| |
Crotalus ruber elegans Harris & Simmons 1978 |
|
1978 | |
Crotalus ruber monserratensis Harris & Simmons (Campbell & Lamar 2004) |
Other common names:
elegans: Angel de la Guarda Island Red Diamond Rattlesnake
exsul: Cedros Island Diamond Rattlesnake
lucasensis: San Lucan Red Diamond Rattlesnake
monserratensis: Monserrate Island Red Diamond Rattlesnake
ruber: Common Red Diamond Rattlesnake
Remarks:
Previously included lorenzoensis. Although the name exsul has priority over ruber, the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature has ruled that ruber should have precedence over exsul (International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature 2000: Opinion 1960).
Distribution:
Mexico
(Baja California Norte
[incl.
Isla Angel de la Guarda,
Isla Cedros],
Baja California Sur
[incl.
Isla San Jose,
Isla San Marcos]),
USA
(California).
|
Crotalus ruber
© Rune Midtgaard
|
|
Crotalus scutulatus
|
Mojave Rattlesnake
|
|
Mojave-Klapperschlange
|
|
Mojave-klapperslange
|
|
1861 | |
Caudisona scutulata Kennicott |
|
| |
Crotalus scutulatus Cope 1875 |
|
| |
Crotalus adamanteus scutulatus Cope 1875 |
|
1895 | |
Crotalus salvini Günther |
|
| |
Crotalus scutulatus salvini Gloyd 1940 |
|
1929 | |
Crotalus confluentus kellyi Amaral (Campbell & Lamar 2004) |
Other common names:
salvini: Huamantlan Rattlesnake, (Salvin's Rattlesnake)
scutulatus: Northern Mojave Rattlesnake, Mojave Green Rattlesnake
Distribution:
Mexico
(Aguascalientes,
Chihuahua,
Coahuila,
Durango,
Guanajuato,
Hidalgo,
Jalisco,
Mexico State,
Nuevo Leon,
Puebla,
Queretaro,
San Luis Potosi,
Sonora,
Tamaulipas,
Tlaxcala,
Veracruz,
Zacatecas),
USA
(Arizona,
California,
Nevada,
New Mexico,
Texas,
Utah).
|
Crotalus scutulatus
© Rune Midtgaard
|
|
Crotalus simus
|
Central American Rattlesnake
|
|
Zentralamerikanische Klapperschlange
|
|
Centralamerikansk Klapperslange
|
|
1801 | |
Crotalus simus Latreille in Sonnini & Latreille |
|
1937 | |
Crotalus terrificus copeanus Amaral [substitute name for Crotalus durissus Linnaeus 1758] (Campbell & Lamar 2004) |
|
1978 | |
Crotalus durissus neoleonensis Juliá-Zertuche & Treviño-Saldaña [nomen nudum] (Campbell & Lamar 2004) |
Remarks:
Previously included culminatus and tzabcan.
Distribution:
Costa Rica,
El Salvador,
Guatemala,
Honduras,
Mexico
(Chiapas),
Nicaragua.
|
|
|
Crotalus stejnegeri
|
Northern Long-tailed Rattlesnake, Sinaloan Long-tailed Rattlesnake
|
|
Nördliche Langschwanz-Klapperschlange
|
|
Nordlig Langhalet Klapperslange
|
|
1919 | |
Crotalus stejnegeri Dunn |
Distribution:
Mexico
(Durango,
Sinaloa).
|
|
|
Crotalus stephensi
|
Panamint Rattlesnake, Panamint Speckled Rattlesnake
|
|
Panamint-Klapperschlange
|
|
Panamint-klapperslange
|
|
1930 | |
Crotalus confluentus stephensi Klauber |
|
| |
Crotalus mitchellii stephensi Klauber 1936 |
|
| |
Crotalus stephensi Douglas, Douglas, Schuett, Porras & Thomason 2007 |
Distribution:
USA
(California,
Nevada).
|
|
|
Crotalus tancitarensis
|
Tancitaro Rattlesnake
|
|
Tancitaro-Klapperschlange
|
|
Tancitaro-klapperslange
|
|
2004 | |
Crotalus tancitarensis Alvarado-Díaz & Campbell |
Distribution:
Mexico
(Michoacan).
|
|
|
Crotalus thalassoporus
|
Isla Piojo Speckled Rattlesnake, Louse Island Speckled Rattlesnake
|
|
Isla-Piojo-Klapperschlange
|
|
Isla Piojo-klapperslange
|
|
2018 | |
Crotalus thalassoporus Meik, Schaack, Flores-Villela & Streicher |
Distribution:
Mexico
(Baja California Norte:
Isla Piojo).
|
|
|
Crotalus tigris
|
Tiger Rattlesnake
|
|
Tigerklapperschlange
|
|
Tiger-klapperslange
|
|
1859 | |
Crotalus tigris Kennicott |
|
| |
Caudisona tigris Cope 1867 |
Distribution:
Mexico
(Sonora),
USA
(Arizona,
New Mexico).
|
|
|
Crotalus tlaloci
|
Jaliscan Dusky Rattlesnake
|
|
Jalisco-Plateau-Klapperschlange
|
|
Mørk Jalisco-klapperslange
|
|
2014 | |
Crotalus tlaloci Bryson, Linkem, Dorcas, Lathrop, Jones, Alvarado-Díaz, Grünwald & Murphy |
Remarks:
Previously regarded as a population of triseriatus (e.g., Campbell & Lamar 2004).
Distribution:
Mexico
(Guerrero,
Mexico State,
Michoacan,
Morelos).
|
|
|
Crotalus tortugensis
|
Tortuga Island Diamondback Rattlesnake
|
|
Tortuga-Klapperschlange
|
|
Tortuga-diamantklapperslange
|
|
1921 | |
Crotalus tortugensis Van Denburgh & Slevin |
|
| |
Crotalus atrox tortugensis Stejneger & Barbour 1933 |
Remarks:
Regarded as a synonym of atrox by some authors (e.g., Castoe, Spencer & Parkinson 2007; Wilson & Johnson 2010; Wallach, Williams & Boundy 2014).
Distribution:
Mexico
(Baja California Sur:
Isla Tortuga).
|
|
|
Crotalus totonacus
|
Totonacan Rattlesnake
|
|
Totonac-Klapperschlange
|
|
Totonac-klapperslange
|
|
1940 | |
Crotalus totonacus Gloyd & Kauffeld |
|
| |
Crotalus durissus totonacus Smith & Taylor 1945 |
|
| |
Crotalus basiliscus totonacus Taylor 1950 |
|
1978 | |
Crotalus durissus neoleonensis Juliá-Zertuche & Treviño-Saldaña [nomen nudum] (Campbell & Lamar 2004) |
Distribution:
Mexico
(Hidalgo,
Nuevo Leon,
Queretaro,
San Luis Potosi,
Tamaulipas,
Veracruz).
|
|
|
Crotalus transversus
|
Cross-banded Mountain Rattlesnake
|
|
Quergebänderte Berg-Klapperschlange
|
|
Tværbåndet Klapperslange
|
|
1944 | |
Crotalus transversus Taylor |
Distribution:
Mexico
(Distrito Federal,
Mexico State,
Morelos).
|
|
|
Crotalus triseriatus
|
Mexican Dusky Rattlesnake
|
|
Mexikanische Plateau-Klapperschlange
|
|
Mexicansk Mørk Klapperslange
|
|
1830 | |
Uropsophus triseriatus Wagler |
|
| |
Crotalus triseriatus Gray 1831 |
|
| |
Caudisona triseriata Cope 1867 |
|
1859 | |
Crotalus lugubris Jan [part] (Campbell & Lamar 2004) |
|
| |
Caudisona lugubris Cope 1860 |
|
1895 | |
Crotalus pallidus Günther (Campbell & Lamar 2004) |
|
1940 | |
Crotalus triseriatus anahuacus Gloyd (part) (Campbell & Lamar 2004) |
Other common names:
anahuacus: Montane Dusky Rattlesnake
quadrangularis: Hidalgan Dusky Rattlesnake
triseriatus: Central Plateau Dusky Rattlesnake
Remarks:
Previously included aquilus, armstrongi and the populations now known as campbelli and tlaloci (Bryson, Linkem, Dorcas, Lathrop, Jones, Alvarado-Díaz, Grünwald & Murphy 2014).
Distribution:
Mexico
(Distrito Federal,
Hidalgo,
Mexico State,
Michoacan,
Morelos,
Puebla,
Queretaro,
Tlaxcala,
Veracruz).
|
|
|
Crotalus tzabcan
|
Yucatan Rattlesnake, Yucatan Neotropical Rattlesnake
|
|
Yucatan-Klapperschlange
|
|
Yucatan-klapperslange
|
|
1952 | |
Crotalus durissus tzabcan Klauber |
|
| |
Crotalus simus tzabcan Campbell & Lamar 2004 |
|
| |
Crotalus tzabcan Wüster, Ferguson, Quijada-Mascareñas, Pook, Graca-Salomão & Thorpe 2005 |
Distribution:
Belize,
Guatemala,
Mexico
(Campeche,
Quintana Roo,
Tabasco,
Yucatan).
|
|
|
Crotalus unicolor
|
Aruba Rattlesnake, Aruba Dwarf Rattlesnake, Aruba Cascabel
|
|
Aruba-Klapperschlange
|
|
Aruba-klapperslange
|
|
1887 | |
Crotalus horridus var. unicolor Van Lidth de Jeude |
|
| |
Crotalus unicolor Klauber 1936 |
|
| |
Crotalus durissus unicolor Brongersma 1940 |
Remarks:
Regarded by some authors as a subspecies of durissus (e.g., Campbell & Lamar 2004; Wallach, Williams & Boundy 2014; David, Dobiey & Vogel 2018), but treated as a valid species here,
following Buurt (2005).
Reports from Nicaragua (e.g., Golay & al. 1993) must be in error.
Distribution:
Aruba.
|
Crotalus unicolor
© Rune Midtgaard
|
|
Crotalus vegrandis
|
Uracoan Rattlesnake
|
|
Uracoan-Klapperschlange
|
|
Venezuelansk Klapperslange
|
|
1941 | |
Crotalus vegrandis Klauber |
|
| |
Crotalus durissus vegrandis Klauber 1956 |
Remarks:
Regarded by some authors as a subspecies of durissus (e.g., Campbell & Lamar 2004; David, Dobiey & Vogel 2018), but treated as a valid species here, following
Rivas, Molina, Ugueto, Barros, Barrio-Amorós & Kok (2012).
Not listed for Venezuela by Mumaw, González & Fernández (2015), who presumably considered the taxon a synonym of durissus.
Distribution:
Venezuela.
|
Crotalus vegrandis
© Rune Midtgaard
|
|
Crotalus viridis
|
Prairie Rattlesnake
|
|
Prärie-Klapperschlange, (Westliche Klapperschlange)
|
|
Prærieklapperslange
|
|
1818 | |
Crotalinus viridis Rafinesque |
|
| |
Crotalurus viridis Rafinesque 1820 |
|
1823 | |
Crotalus confluentus Say in James (Campbell & Lamar 2004) |
|
| |
Caudisona confluenta Cope 1867 |
|
1852 | |
Crotalus Lecontei Hallowell (Campbell & Lamar 2004) |
|
| |
Caudisona confluenta lecontei Cope 1867 |
|
| |
Crotalus confluentus lecontei Cope 1892 |
|
1883 | |
Crotalus confluentus var. pulverulentus Cope (Campbell & Lamar 2004) |
|
1935 | |
Crotalus confluentus nuntius Klauber |
|
| |
Crotalus viridis nuntius Klauber 1936 |
Other common names:
nuntius: Hopi Rattlesnake
viridis: Prairie Rattlesnake
Remarks:
Previously included abyssus, caliginis, cerberus, concolor, helleri, lutosus, and oreganus.
Distribution:
Canada
(Alberta,
Saskatchewan),
Mexico
(Chihuahua,
Coahuila,
Sonora),
USA
(Arizona,
California,
Colorado,
Idaho,
Iowa,
Kansas,
Montana,
Nebraska,
New Mexico,
North Dakota,
Oklahoma,
Oregon,
South Dakota,
Texas,
Utah,
Washington,
Wyoming).
|
Crotalus viridis
© Rune Midtgaard
|
|
Crotalus willardi
|
Ridge-nosed Rattlesnake
|
|
Kantenkopf-Klapperschlange
|
|
Spidssnudet Klapperslange
|
|
1905 | |
Crotalus willardi Meek |
|
1949 | |
Crotalus willardi meridionalis Klauber |
|
1949 | |
Crotalus willardi silus Klauber |
|
1962 | |
Crotalus willardi amabilis Anderson |
|
1974 | |
Crotalus willardi obscurus Harris |
Other common names:
amabilis: Del Nido Ridge-nosed Rattlesnake
meridionalis: Southern Ridge-nosed Rattlesnake
obscurus: Animas Ridge-nosed Rattlesnake, New Mexico Ridge-nosed Rattlesnake
silus: Chihuahua Ridge-nosed Rattlesnake
willardi: Arizona Ridge-nosed Rattlesnake
Distribution:
Mexico
(Chihuahua,
Durango,
Nayarit,
Sonora,
Zacatecas),
USA
(Arizona,
New Mexico).
|
Crotalus willardi
© Rune Midtgaard
|
|