Citation: Midtgaard, Rune. RepFocus - A Survey of the Reptiles of the World. (www.repfocus.dk).
Latest update:
November 14th, 2024.
 
|
Genus
Bungarus
|
1803 |  |
Bungarus Daudin (type species: Bungarus annularis Daudin 1803) |
|
1811 | |
Pseudoboa Oppel [not Pseudoboa Schneider 1801 (Serpentes)] (type species: Pseudoboa fasciata Schneider 1801; syn. Golay & al. 1993) |
|
1828 | |
Aspidoclonion Wagler (type species: Bungarus semifasciatus Boie 1827; syn. Golay & al. 1993) |
|
| |
Aspidoclonium Agassiz 1844 [emendation] |
|
1849 | |
Megaerophis Gray (type species: Megaerophis formosus Gray 1849; syn. Golay & al. 1993) |
|
1864 | |
Xenurelaps Günther (type species: Elaps bungaroides Cantor 1839; syn. Golay & al. 1993) |
Contents:
18 species, of which 5 (27.8%) are endemic.
Endemism: 0%  100%
Remarks:
The genus was reported from the Nicobar Islands by Daniel & David (1996), but without reference to voucher specimens.
Presence in these islands needs confirmation (Vijayakumar & David 2006).
Distribution:
S. Asia, Malay Archipelago.
Reported from:
Afghanistan,
Bangladesh,
Bhutan,
Brunei,
Cambodia,
China
(Anhui,
Chongqing,
Fujian,
Guangdong,
Guangxi,
Guizhou,
Hainan,
Hong Kong
[incl.
Shek Kwu Chau Island],
Hubei,
Hunan,
Jiangxi,
Macau,
Sichuan,
Tibet,
Yunnan,
Zhejiang),
India
(Andaman & Nicobar Islands
[Andaman Islands],
Andhra Pradesh,
Arunachal Pradesh,
Assam,
Bihar,
Chhattisgarh,
Delhi,
Goa,
Gujarat,
Himachal Pradesh,
Jammu & Kashmir,
Jharkhand,
Karnataka,
Kerala,
Madhya Pradesh,
Maharashtra,
Manipur,
Meghalaya,
Mizoram,
Nagaland,
Odisha,
Punjab,
Rajasthan,
Sikkim,
Tamil Nadu,
Telangana,
Tripura,
Uttar Pradesh,
Uttarakhand,
West Bengal),
Indonesia
(Bali,
Bangka,
Bawean Islands,
Belitung,
Java,
Kalimantan,
Karimunjawa Islands,
Nias,
Sumatra),
Iran,
Laos,
Malaysia
(Sabah,
Sarawak,
West Malaysia
[incl.
Langkawi Archipelago,
Seribuat Archipelago
(incl.
Tioman)]),
Myanmar,
Nepal,
Pakistan,
Singapore,
Sri Lanka,
Taiwan,
Thailand,
Vietnam
(incl.
Cat Ba Island).
| |
|
Bungarus andamanensis
 |
Andaman Krait
|
 |
Andamanischer Krait
|
 |
Andamansk Krait
|
|
1978 | |
Bungarus andamanensis Biswas & Sanyal |
Distribution:
India
(Andaman Islands).
|
|
|
Bungarus bungaroides
|
Northeastern Hill Krait, Himalayan Krait, (Cantor's Krait)
|
|
Cantors Krait
|
|
Himalayakrait
|
|
1839 | |
Elaps bungaroides Cantor |
|
| |
Xenurelaps bungaroides Günther 1864 |
|
| |
Bungarus bungaroides Boulenger 1890 |
Remarks:
Records from Vietnam (e.g., Orlov, Ryabov, Ngyuen & Nguyen 2003) refer to slowinskii (Kuch, Kizirian, Nguyen, Lawson, Donnelly & Mebs 2005; Nguyen, Ho & Nguyen 2009).
Distribution:
Bhutan,
China
(Tibet),
India
(Arunachal Pradesh,
Meghalaya,
Nagaland,
Sikkim,
West Bengal),
Myanmar,
Nepal.
|
|
|
Bungarus caeruleus
|
Blue Krait, Common Krait, Indian Krait
|
|
Indischer Krait
|
|
Indisk Blå Krait, (Almindelig Krait)
|
|
1801 | |
Pseudoboa caerulea Schneider |
|
| |
Bungarus caeruleus Müller 1890 |
|
| |
Bungarus candidus caeruleus Boulenger 1896 |
|
1801 | |
Pseudoboa krait Schneider (syn. David, Teynié & Vogel 2023) |
|
1801 | |
Boa lineata Shaw (syn. Golay & al. 1993) |
|
1854 | |
Bungarus arcuatus Duméril, Bibron & Duméril (syn. Golay & al. 1993) |
Remarks:
Previously included sindanus.
Reports from the Andaman Islands probably refer to andamanensis (Das 1999).
A record from Afghanistan (Král 1969; repeated by Sindaco, Venchi & Grieco 2013) is regarded as representing sindanus, following
Wagner, Bauer, Leviton, Wilms & Böhme (2016), however, the presence of the species in the country is not unlikely.
Although recorded from Bhutan by Tshewang & Letro (2018), it was apparently omitted by Wangyal & Das (2021).
Distribution:
Bangladesh,
Bhutan,
India
(Andhra Pradesh,
Bihar,
Chhattisgarh,
Delhi,
Goa,
Gujarat,
Himachal Pradesh,
Jammu & Kashmir,
Jharkhand,
Karnataka,
Kerala,
Madhya Pradesh,
Maharashtra,
Mizoram,
Odisha,
Punjab,
Rajasthan,
Tamil Nadu,
Telangana,
Uttar Pradesh,
Uttarakhand,
West Bengal),
Nepal,
Pakistan,
Sri Lanka.
|
|
|
Bungarus candidus
|
Malayan Krait, (Blue Krait)
|
|
Malaiischer Krait, Blauer Krait
|
|
Malayisk Krait
|
|
1758 | |
Coluber candidus Linnaeus |
|
| |
Bungarus candidus Cantor 1847 |
|
1827 | |
Bungarus semifasciatus Boie (syn. Golay & al. 1993) |
|
1932 | |
Bungarus javanicus Kopstein (syn. Slowinski 1994; Kuch & Mebs 2007) |
Other common names:
javanicus: Javanese Krait
Remarks:
Present in the past, but not confirmed recently from Singapore (Baker & Lim 2008).
Records from China refer to wanghaotingi (David, Teynié & Vogel 2023).
Dash & Kar's (1990) record of candidus from Odisha (India) might be a mistake for caeruleus (Dutta & Acharjyo 1997).
Presence in Sulawesi needs confirmation, since only a single voucher specimen is available from the island (De Lang & Vogel 2005).
Exact range limits between candidus and wanghaotingi need clarification (Thai National Parks, www.thainationalparks.com, viewed November 5th, 2024).
Extinct in:
Singapore.
Introduced to:
Indonesia
(Sulawesi).
Distribution:
Cambodia,
Indonesia
(Bali,
Bawean Islands,
Java,
Karimunjawa Islands,
Nias,
Sumatra),
Laos,
Malaysia
(West Malaysia
[incl.
Langkawi Archipelago]),
Thailand,
Vietnam.
|
Bungarus candidus
© Henrik Bringsøe
|
|
Bungarus ceylonicus
|
Sri Lankan Krait
|
|
Srilankanische Krait, Ceylon-Krait
|
|
Srilankansk Krait
|
|
1864 | |
Bungarus ceylonicus Günther |
|
1955 | |
Bungarus ceylonicus karavala Deraniyagala (syn. Golay & al. 1993) |
Distribution:
Sri Lanka.
|
|
|
Bungarus fasciatus
|
Banded Krait
|
|
Gebänderter Krait, Gelbgebänderter Krait, Bänder-Krait, Gelber Krair
|
|
Bredbåndet Krait, (Båndet Krait)
|
|
1801 | |
Pseudoboa Fasciata Schneider |
|
| |
Boa fasciata Shaw 1802 |
|
| |
Bungarus fasciatus Cantor 1847 |
|
1803 | |
Bungarus annularis Daudin (syn. Biakzuala, Lalremsanga, Santra, Dhara, Ahmed, Mallick, Kuttalam, Amarasinghe & Malhotra 2023) |
|
1930 | |
Bungarus fasciatus bifasciatus Mell (syn. Biakzuala, Lalremsanga, Santra, Dhara, Ahmed, Mallick, Kuttalam, Amarasinghe & Malhotra 2023) |
|
1930 | |
Bungarus fasciatus insularis Mell (syn. Biakzuala, Lalremsanga, Santra, Dhara, Ahmed, Mallick, Kuttalam, Amarasinghe & Malhotra 2023) |
Distribution:
Bangladesh,
Bhutan,
Brunei,
Cambodia,
China
(Fujian,
Guangdong,
Guangxi,
Hainan,
Hong Kong,
Yunnan),
India
(Andhra Pradesh,
Arunachal Pradesh,
Assam,
Bihar,
Chhattisgarh,
Jharkhand,
Karnataka,
Kerala,
Madhya Pradesh,
Maharashtra,
Manipur,
Meghalaya,
Mizoram,
Nagaland,
Odisha,
Rajasthan,
Tamil Nadu,
Telangana,
Tripura,
Uttar Pradesh,
Uttarakhand,
West Bengal),
Indonesia
(Bali,
Java,
Kalimantan,
Sumatra),
Laos,
Malaysia
(Sabah,
Sarawak,
West Malaysia),
Myanmar,
Nepal,
Singapore,
Thailand,
Vietnam
(incl.
Cat Ba Island).
|
Bungarus fasciatus
© Rune Midtgaard
|
|
Bungarus flaviceps
|
Red-headed Krait, Yellow-headed Krait
|
|
Rotkopf-Krait
|
|
Rødhovedet Krait
|
|
1843 | |
Bungarus flaviceps Reinhardt |
|
| |
Megaerophis flaviceps Günther 1864 |
|
1849 | |
Megaerophis formosus Gray (syn. Golay & al. 1993) |
|
1938 | |
Bungarus flaviceps baluensis Loveridge |
|
1942 | |
Maticora intermedia Westermann (syn. Brongersma 1947) |
Other common names:
baluensis: Kinabalu Krait
Remarks:
Presence in Java is doubtful (Iskandar & Colijn 2001), although reported from the island in some works (e.g., Brongersma in Dammerman 1929; Hodges 1993; Golay & al. 1993; Whitten & McCarthy 1993). Presence in Cambodia (e.g., Golay & al. 1993; Nguyen, Ho & Nguyen 2009) and Vietnam (e.g., Campden-Main 1970; Nguyen, Ho & Nguyen 2009; Orlov, Ryabov, Ngyuen & Nguyen 2003; Smith 1943) is also doubtful and probably based on misidentified or misallocated specimens (Wüster in David & Ineich 1999, p. 386).
Distribution:
Brunei,
Indonesia
(Bangka,
Belitung,
Kalimantan,
Nias,
Sumatra),
Malaysia
(Sabah,
Sarawak,
West Malaysia
[incl.
Seribuat Archipelago
(incl.
Tioman)]),
Myanmar,
Singapore,
Thailand.
|
Bungarus flaviceps
© Henrik Bringsøe
|
|
Bungarus lividus
|
Lesser Black Krait
|
|
Kleiner Schwarzer Krait
|
|
Lille Sort Krait
|
|
1839 | |
Bungarus lividus Cantor |
|
| |
Bungarus candidus lividus Cantor 1847 |
Remarks:
Chinese records (Tian & Jiang 1986; Zhao 1990) refer to melanistic specimens of multicinctus (Zhao & Adler 1993; David & Ineich 1999).
Distribution:
Bangladesh,
Bhutan,
India
(Arunachal Pradesh,
Assam,
Meghalaya,
Sikkim,
West Bengal),
Nepal.
|
|
|
Bungarus magnimaculatus
|
Burmese Krait, Spotted Krait, Splendid Krait
|
|
Gefleckter Krait
|
|
Burmesisk Krait
|
|
1901 | |
Bungarus cæruleus magnimaculatus Wall & Evans |
|
| |
Bungarus magnimaculatus Wall 1908 |
Distribution:
Myanmar.
|
|
|
Bungarus multicinctus
|
Many-banded Krait, Chinese Krait, Umbrella Snake
|
|
Vielbinden-Krait
|
|
Smalbåndet Krait
|
|
1861 | |
Bungarus multicinctus Blyth "1860" |
|
| |
Bungarus candidus multicinctus Boulenger 1896 |
Remarks:
Previously included wanghaotensis. Reports from the Andaman Islands refer to andamanensis (Das 1999). The photographic record from Thailand in Chan-ard, Grossmann, Gumprecht & Schulz (1999) was in fact a
Lycodon septentrionale (David, Cox, Pauwels, Chanhome & Thirakhupt 2004).
B. multicinctus is not present in Vietnam (Manh Hùng, pers. comm., October 10th, 2024).
Distribution:
China
(Anhui,
Chongqing,
Fujian,
Guangdong
[incl.
Nan Ao Island],
Guangxi,
Guizhou,
Hainan,
Hong Kong
[incl.
Shek Kwu Chau Island],
Hubei,
Hunan,
Jiangxi,
Macau,
Sichuan,
Yunnan,
Zhejiang),
Myanmar,
Taiwan.
|
|
|
Bungarus niger
|
Greater Black Krait
|
|
Grosser Schwarzer Krait
|
|
Stor Sort Krait
|
|
1908 | |
Bungarus niger Wall |
Remarks:
Chinese records (Tian & Jiang 1986; Zhao 1990) refer to melanistic specimens of multicinctus (Zhao & Adler 1993; David & Ineich 1999).
Distribution:
Bangladesh,
Bhutan,
India
(Arunachal Pradesh,
Assam,
Manipur,
Meghalaya,
Mizoram,
Nagaland,
Sikkim,
Uttarakhand,
West Bengal),
Myanmar,
Nepal.
|
|
|
Bungarus persicus
|
Persian Krait
|
|
Persischer Krait
|
|
Persisk Krait
|
|
2014 | |
Bungarus persicus Abtin, Nilson, Mobaraki, Hosseini & Dehgannejhad |
|
| |
Bungarus sindanus persicus Arianejad & Ghasemi 2021 |
Remarks:
Regarded as a subspecies of sindanus by Arianejad & Ghasemi (2021), but without discussion.
Distribution:
Iran.
|
|
|
Bungarus sagittatus
|
Ratchaburi Krait
|
|
Ratchaburi-Krait
|
|
Ratchaburi-krait
|
|
2024 | |
Bungarus sagittatus Aksornneam, Rujirawan, Yodthong, Sung & Aowphol |
Distribution:
Thailand.
|
|
|
Bungarus sindanus
|
Sind Krait
|
|
Sind-Krait
|
|
Pakistansk Krait
|
|
1897 | |
Bungarus sindanus Boulenger |
|
| |
Bungarus caeruleus sindanus Klemmer 1963 |
|
1985 | |
Bungarus sindanus razai Khan |
Other common names:
razai: Northwestern Punjab Krait, (Raza's Krait)
sindanus: Common Sind Krait
Remarks:
Formerly regarded as a subspecies of caeruleus.
Revalidated by Khan (1984).
Previously included walli.
Distribution:
Afghanistan,
India
(Gujarat,
Punjab,
Rajasthan),
Pakistan.
|
|
|
Bungarus slowinskii
|
Red River Krait, (Slowinski's Krait)
|
|
Slowinskis Krait
|
|
Tonkin-krait
|
|
2005 | |
Bungarus slowinskii Kuch, Kizirian, Truong, Lawson, Donnelly & Mebs |
Distribution:
Laos,
Thailand,
Vietnam.
|
|
|
Bungarus suzhenae
|
Yingjiang Krait, (Suzhen's Krait)
|
|
Yingjiang-Krait
|
|
Yingjiang-krait
|
|
2021 | |
Bungarus suzhenae Chen, Shi, Vogel, Ding & Shi |
Distribution:
China
(Yunnan),
India
(Manipur),
Myanmar.
|
|
|
Bungarus walli
|
Faizabad Krait, (Wall's Krait)
|
|
Faizabad-Krait
|
|
Faizabad-krait
|
|
1907 | |
Bungarus walli Wall |
|
| |
Bungarus sindanus walli Khan 1985 |
Remarks:
Previously regarded as a subspecies of sindanus (e.g., Khan 1985).
Considered a separate species by most recent works (e.g., Ahmed & Dasgupta 1992; Sharma 2003; Wallach, Williams & Boundy 2014; Ahsan & Rahman 2017).
Records from Nepal (Mahendra 1984; Das 1996) need confirmation (Schleich & Kästle (eds.) 2002; Kästle, Rai & Schleich 2013).
Distribution:
Bangladesh,
Bhutan,
India
(Bihar,
Gujarat,
Maharashtra,
Odisha,
Uttar Pradesh,
Uttarakhand,
West Bengal).
|
|
|
Bungarus wanghaotingi
|
Yunnan Krait, (Wanghaoting's Krait)
|
|
Yunnan-Krait
|
|
Yunnan-krait
|
|
1928 | |
Bungarus wanghaotingi Pope |
|
| |
Bungarus multicinctus wanghaotingi Mell 1931 |
|
| |
Bungarus candidus wanghaotingi Deuve 1970 |
Remarks:
Revalidated as a separate species by Leviton, Wogan, Koo, Zug, Lucas & Vindum (2003).
May be present in Hong Kong (Yuan, Prigge, Sung, Dingle & Bonebrake 2022).
Exact range limits between candidus and wanghaotingi need clarification (Thai National Parks, www.thainationalparks.com, viewed November 5th, 2024).
Distribution:
China
(Guangdong,
Guangxi,
Yunnan),
Laos,
Myanmar,
Thailand,
Vietnam
(incl.
Cat Ba Island).
|
|
|