Home - Taxonomy - Geography - Biodiversity - Literature - Purchase RepFocus Recent updates Citation: Midtgaard, Rune. RepFocus - A Survey of the Reptiles of the World. (www.repfocus.dk). Latest update: October 31st, 2023. Taxonomy of the family Colubridae Bibliography of the genus Hebius Biodiversity of the family Colubridae Genus Hebius Oriental Equatorial Keelbacks, Oriental Water Snakes Gebirgswassernattern Ækvatorialasiatiske Kølsnoge 1913 Hebius Thompson (type species: Tropidonotus vibakari Boie 1826) 1934 Parahelicops Bourret (type species: Parahelicops annamensis Bourret 1934; syn. Kizirian, Nguyen, Ngo & Le 2018) 1934 Pararhabdophis Bourret (type species: Pararhabdophis chapaensis Bourret 1934; syn. Kizirian, Nguyen, Ngo & Le 2018) 1984 Paranatrix Mahendra (type species: Tropidonotus modestus Günther 1875; syn. Guo, Zhu, Liu, Zhang, Li, Huang & Pyron 2014) Contents: 49 species, of which 26 (53.1%) are endemic. Endemism: 0% 100% Remarks: Previously included in the genus Amphiesma (e.g., Williams & Wallach 1989; David, Vogel & Pauwels 1999). Revalidated as a separate genus by Guo, Zhu, Liu, Zhang, Li, Huang & Pyron (2014). Distribution: S. and E. Asia, Malay Archipelago. Reported from: Bangladesh, Bhutan, Brunei, Cambodia, China (Anhui, Chongqing, Fujian, Gansu, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Heilongjiang, Henan, Hong Kong, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Jilin, Liaoning, Shaanxi, Shanxi, Sichuan, Tibet, Yunnan, Zhejiang), India (Andaman & Nicobar Islands [Nicobar Islands], Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Goa, Himachal Pradesh, Karnataka, Kerala, Maharashtra, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Nagaland, Sikkim, Tamil Nadu, West Bengal), Indonesia (Buton, Kalimantan, Sula Islands [Sanana], Sulawesi, Sumatra), Japan (Honshu, Kyushu, Shikoku, Izu Islands, Ryukyu Islands [Okinawa Islands, Sakishima Islands (incl. Miyako Islands [incl. Miyako], Yaeyama Islands), Satsunan Islands (incl. Tokunoshima)]), Laos, Malaysia (Sabah, Sarawak, West Malaysia), Myanmar, Nepal, North Korea, Russia, South Korea, Taiwan, Thailand, Vietnam. Hebius andreae Quang Binh Keelback, (Andrea's Keelback) Quang-Binh-Kielnatter Quang Binh-kølsnog 2006 Amphiesma andreae Ziegler & Quyet Hebius andreae Guo, Zhu, Liu, Zhang, Li, Huang & Pyron 2014 Distribution: Laos, Vietnam. Hebius annamensis Annam Keelback Annam-Kielnatter Annam-kølsnog 1934 Parahelicops annamensis Bourret Opisthotropis annamensis Smith 1943 Amphiesma annamense Teynié & David 2010 Hebius annamensis Kizirian, Nguyen, Ngo & Le 2018 Remarks: Previously placed in a separate genus, Parahelicops, which was synonymized with Hebius by Kizirian, Nguyen, Ngo & Le (2018). Distribution: Laos, Vietnam. Hebius arquus Arch-lipped Keelback Bogenlippen-Kielnatter Buelæbet Kølsnog 2010 Amphiesma arquus David & Vogel Hebius arquus Guo, Zhu, Liu, Zhang, Li, Huang & Pyron 2014 Remarks: Exact distribution within Borneo unknown, but possibly Kalimantan (Indonesia). Distribution: Borneo. Hebius atemporalis Tonkin Keelback, (Mountain Keelback) Tonkin-Kielnatter Tonkin-kølsnog 1934 Natrix atemporalis Bourret Amphiesma atemporalis Malnate 1960 Hebius atemporale Guo, Zhu, Liu, Zhang, Li, Huang & Pyron 2014 Distribution: China (Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hong Kong, Yunnan), Laos, Vietnam. Hebius bitaeniatus Two-striped Keelback, Kutkai Keelback Zweistreifige Kielnatter Tostribet Kølsnog 1925 Natrix bitæniata Wall Amphiesma bitaeniata Malnate 1960 Hebius bitaeniatum Guo, Zhu, Liu, Zhang, Li, Huang & Pyron 2014 Remarks: Previously regarded as a synonym of parallelus (e.g., Smith 1943). Distribution: China (Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hunan, Yunnan), Laos, Myanmar, Thailand, Vietnam. Hebius boulengeri White-browed Keelback, Tai-yong Keelback, (Boulenger's Keelback) Weissbrauen-Kielnatter Hvidbrynet Kølsnog 1937 Natrix boulengeri Gressitt Amphiesma boulengeri Malnate 1960 Hebius boulengeri Guo, Zhu, Liu, Zhang, Li, Huang & Pyron 2014 Remarks: Previously confused with khasiensis and modestus, and, more rarely, inas and parallelus (David, Vogel & Rooijen 2013). Distribution: Cambodia, China (Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Hong Kong, Hunan, Jiangxi, Yunnan), Laos, Thailand, Vietnam. Hebius celebicus Sulawesi Keelback Sulawesi-Kielnatter Sulawesi-kølsnog 1878 Styporhynchus celebicus Peters & Doria Tropidonotus celebicus Boulenger 1893 Natrix celebica Barbour 1912 Amphiesma celebica Malnate 1960 Hebius celebicum Guo, Zhu, Liu, Zhang, Li, Huang & Pyron 2014 Distribution: Indonesia (Buton, Sula Islands [Sanana], Sulawesi). Hebius chapaensis Chapa Flat-nosed Snake, Sapa Flat-nosed Snake Chapa-Wassernatter Chapa-kølsnog 1934 Pararhabdophis chapaensis Bourret Hebius chapaensis Kizirian, Nguyen, Ngo & Le 2018 Remarks: Previously placed in a separate genus, Pararhabdophis, which was synonymized with Hebius by Kizirian, Nguyen, Ngo & Le (2018) and Ren, Wang, Nguyen, Hoang, Zhong, Jiang, Guo & Li (2018). Distribution: China (Yunnan), Laos, Vietnam. Hebius clerki Kachin Keelback Kachin-Wassernatter Kachin-kølsnog 1925 Natrix clerki Wall Amphiesma clerki David, Agarwal, Athreya, Mathew, Vogel & Mistry 2015 Hebius clerki (new combination, this work) Remarks: Previously regarded as a synonym of parallelus (e.g., Smith 1943). Revalidated as a separate species by David, Agarwal, Athreya, Mathew, Vogel & Mistry (2015). Distribution: Bhutan, China (Yunnan), India (Arunachal Pradesh, Nagaland, Sikkim, West Bengal), Myanmar. Hebius concelarus Miyako Islands Keelback Miyako-Kielnatter Miyako-kølsnog 1963 Amphiesma pryeri concelara Malnate Amphiesma concelarum Ota & Iwanaga 1997 Hebius concelarum Guo, Zhu, Liu, Zhang, Li, Huang & Pyron 2014 Distribution: Japan (Ryukyu Islands: Sakishima Islands: Miyako Islands: Miyako). Hebius craspedogaster Kuatun Keelback Kuatun-Kielnatter Kuatun-kølsnog 1899 Tropidonotus craspedogaster Boulenger Natrix craspedogaster Stejneger 1907 Amphiesma craspedogaster Malnate 1960 Hebius craspedogaster Guo, Zhu, Liu, Zhang, Li, Huang & Pyron 2014 1922 Tropidonotus gastrotaenia Werner (Zhao & Adler 1993) 1931 Natrix chrysarga chekiangensis Mell (Zhao & Adler 1993) Distribution: China (Anhui, Chongqing, Fujian, Gansu, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Shaanxi, Shanxi, Sichuan, Tibet, Yunnan, Zhejiang), Vietnam. Hebius deschauenseei Chiang Mai Keelback, (Northern Keelback, Deschauensee's Keelback) Chiang-Mai-Kielnatter Chiang Mai-kølsnog 1934 Natrix deschauenseei Taylor Macropophis deschauenseei Bourret 1936 Amphiesma deschauenseei Malnate 1960 Hebius deschauenseei Guo, Zhu, Liu, Zhang, Li, Huang & Pyron 2014 Remarks: Previously regarded as a synonym of modestus (e.g., Smith 1943). Records from Vietnam and Yunnan, China, refer to igneus (David, Vogel, Nguyen, Orlov, Pauwels, Teynié & Ziegler 2021). Distribution: Thailand. Hebius flavifrons White-fronted Keelback, White-fronted Water Snake, White-nosed Keelback, (Sabah Keelback) Weissstirn-Kielnatter, Weisskopf-Gebirgswassernatter Hvidpandet Kølsnog 1887 Tropidonotus flavifrons Boulenger Natrix flavifrons Barbour 1912 Amphiesma flavifrons Malnate 1960 Hebius flavifrons Guo, Zhu, Liu, Zhang, Li, Huang & Pyron 2014 Distribution: Brunei, Indonesia (Kalimantan), Malaysia (Sabah, Sarawak). Hebius frenatus Bridled Keelback Zügel-Kielnatter Tøjle-kølsnog 1923 Natrix frenata Dunn Amphiesma frenata Stuebing 1991 Hebius frenatum Guo, Zhu, Liu, Zhang, Li, Huang & Pyron 2014 Remarks: Placed in Amphiesma on the basis of Stuebing (1991), Manthey & Grossmann (1997), and Das (2006, 2010). Not included in Amphiesma by David, Vogel & Pauwels (1998). Distribution: Malaysia (Sarawak). Hebius groundwateri Ranong Keelback, (Groundwater’s Keelback) Ranong-Kielnatter Ranong-kølsnog 1922 Natrix groundwateri Smith "1921"?# Amphiesma groundwateri Malnate 1960 Hebius groundwateri Guo, Zhu, Liu, Zhang, Li, Huang & Pyron 2014 Distribution: Thailand. Hebius igneus Fire-backed Keelback Feuerfleckige Kielnatter, Feuerfleckige Wassernatter Ildrygget Kølsnog 2021 Hebius igneus David, Vogel, Nguyen, Orlov, Pauwels, Teynié & Ziegler Distribution: China (Yunnan), Thailand, Vietnam. Hebius inas Malayan Mountain Keelback, Mount Inas Keelback, Gunung Inas Keelback Malaiische Kielnatter, Malaiische Gebirgswassernatter Malayisk Bjergkølsnog 1901 Tropidonotus inas Laidlaw Natrix inas Smith 1930 Amphiesma inas Malnate 1960 Hebius inas Guo, Zhu, Liu, Zhang, Li, Huang & Pyron 2014 Remarks: A record from Sumatra (Teynié, David & Ohler 2010) was based on the second known specimen of kerinciense (David, Vogel & Rooijen 2013). In Thailand, limited to the peninsular region. Records from north of the Isthmus of Kra refer to boulengeri or khasiensis (David, Vogel & Rooijen 2013). Distribution: Malaysia (West Malaysia), Thailand. Hebius ishigakiensis Yaeyama Water Snake Yaeyama-Kielnatter Yaeyama-kølsnog 1960 Natrix pryeri ishigakiensis Malnate & Munsterman Amphiesma pryeri ishigakiensis Welch 1988 Amphiesma ishigakiense Ota & Iwanaga 1997 Hebius ishigakiense Guo, Zhu, Liu, Zhang, Li, Huang & Pyron 2014 Distribution: Japan (Ryukyu Islands: Sakishima Islands [Miyako Islands, Yaeyama Islands]). Hebius jingdongensis Jingdong Keelback Jingdong-Kielnatter Jingdong-kølsnog 2023 Hebius jingdongensis Ma, Shi, Ayi & Jiang Distribution: China (Yunnan). Hebius johannis South Chinese Keelback Südchinesische Kielnatter Sydkinesisk Kølsnog 1908 Tropidonotus johannis Boulenger Natrix johannis Schmidt 1927 Amphiesma johannis Malnate 1960 Hebius johannis Guo, Zhu, Liu, Zhang, Li, Huang & Pyron 2014 Distribution: China (Guizhou, Sichuan, Yunnan). Hebius kerinciensis Kerinchi Keelback, Gunung Kerinchi Keelback Kerinchi-Kielnatter Kerinchi-kølsnog 2003 Amphiesma kerinciense David & Das Hebius kerinciense Guo, Zhu, Liu, Zhang, Li, Huang & Pyron 2014 Distribution: Indonesia (Sumatra). Hebius khasiensis Khasi Hills Keelback Khasi-Hills-Kielnatter Khasi Hills-kølsnog 1890 Tropidonotus khasiensis Boulenger Natrix khasiensis Wall 1923 Amphiesma khasiensis Malnate 1960 Sinonatrix khasinensis [sic] Murthy 1994 Hebius khasiense Guo, Zhu, Liu, Zhang, Li, Huang & Pyron 2014 1925 Natrix gilhodesi Wall (Smith 1943) Remarks: Regarded as a synonym of modestus by Mahendra (1984). Validity confirmed by David, Vogel & Rooijen (2013). Now restricted to northestern India, Burma, western Yunnan, northern Laos, and northern and western Thailand. Reports from other parts of Laos and Thailand, and from southeastern China, Cambodia, and Vietnam refer to boulengeri (Grismer, Neang, Chav, Wood, Oaks, Holden, Grismer, Szutz & Youmans 2008; David, Vogel & Rooijen 2013). In India, the occurrence of khasiensis in Mizoram, Sikim, and West Bengal was not mentioned by David, Vogel & Rooijen (2013), possibly due to a lack of voucher specimens. Distribution: China (Guangxi, Tibet, Yunnan), India (Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Nagaland, Sikkim, West Bengal), Laos, Myanmar, Thailand. Hebius lacrima Mourning Keelback, Crying Keelback Trauern-Kielnatter Sørge-kølsnog 2019 Hebius lacrima Purkayastha & David Remarks: Reported from China by Wang, Ren, Chen, Lyu, Guo, Jiang, Chen, Li, Guo, Wang & Che (2020), but the species has not actually been recorded from any Chinese-controlled areas. The inclusion of lacrima in the work above is based on the fact that the distribution of the species is located in the part of Arunachal Pradesh, India, which is claimed by China and considered part of Tibet by the Chinese government (Kai Wang, pers. comm., January 6th, 2021). Distribution: India (Arunachal Pradesh). Hebius leucomystax White-lipped Keelback Weisslippen-Kielnatter Hvidlæbet Kølsnog 2007 Amphiesma leucomystax David, Bain, Nguyen, Orlov, Vogel, Vu & Ziegler Hebius leucomystax Guo, Zhu, Liu, Zhang, Li, Huang & Pyron 2014 Distribution: Cambodia, Laos, Thailand, Vietnam. Hebius maximus Xiaoyangxi Keelback, Western China Keelback Xiaoyangxi-Kielnatter Xiaoyangxi-kølsnog 1962 Amphiesma sauteri maximus Malnate Hebius maximus Li, Ren, Huang, Lyu, Qi, Jiang, Wang & Li 2022 Distribution: China (Chongqing, Guizhou, Sichuan). Hebius metusius Sichuan Keelback, Wa Shan Keelback Sichuan-Kielnatter Sichuan-kølsnog 1990 Amphiesma metusia Inger, Zhao, Schaffer & Wu Hebius metusium Guo, Zhu, Liu, Zhang, Li, Huang & Pyron 2014 Distribution: China (Sichuan). Hebius miyajimae Taiwanese Striped Keelback, (Maki's Keelback) Taiwanische Gestreifte Kielnatter Taiwansk Stribet Kølsnog 1931 Natrix miyajimae Maki Amphiesma miyajimae Zhao & Jiang 1986 Hebius miyajimae Guo, Zhu, Liu, Zhang, Li, Huang & Pyron 2014 Distribution: Taiwan. Hebius modestus Modest Keelback, (Günther's Keelback) Indische Gebirgs-Kielnatter Indisk Bjerg-kølsnog 1875 Tropidonotus modestus Günther Nerodia modesta Wall 1923 Natrix modesta Mell 1929 Amphiesma modesta Malnate 1960 Paranatrix modesta Mahendra 1984 Sinonatrix modesta Murthy 1994 Hebius modestum Guo, Zhu, Liu, Zhang, Li, Huang & Pyron 2014 Remarks: Taxonomic history of this species has been controversial. Previously confused with boulengeri, deschauenseei, and khasiensis, as well as the population now referred to igneus. Records from Cambodia, Laos, Thailand, and Vietnam refer to other species (David, Vogel & Rooijen 2013; David, Vogel, Nguyen, Orlov, Pauwels, Teynié & Ziegler 2021). Status of records from Guizhou, China, is uncertain (David, Vogel, Nguyen, Orlov, Pauwels, Teynié & Ziegler 2021). Presence in Assam and Nagaland needs confirmation (David, Vogel, Nguyen, Orlov, Pauwels, Teynié & Ziegler 2021). A record from Himachal Pradesh (Agrawal 1979) is regarded as doubtful. Distribution: China (Yunnan), India (Arunachal Pradesh, Meghalaya, Mizoram), Myanmar, Vietnam. Hebius nicobarensis Nicobar Keelback Nicobarische Kielnatter Nicobarisk Kølsnog 1891 Tropidonotus nicobarensis Sclater Natrix nicobarensis Wall 1910 Amphiesma nicobariensis Malnate 1960 Xenochrophis nicobariensis Biswas & Sanyal 1980 Paranatrix nicobarensis Mahendra 1984 Sinonatrix nicobarensis Murthy 1994 Hebius nicobarense Guo, Zhu, Liu, Zhang, Li, Huang & Pyron 2014 1891 Tropidonotus nicobaricus Sclater (Smith 1891) Distribution: India (Nicobar Islands). Hebius nigriventer Black-bellied Keelback Schwarzbauch-Kielnatter Sortbuget Kølsnog 1925 Natrix nigriventer Wall Hebius nigriventer David, Vogel, Nguyen, Orlov, Pauwels, Teynié & Ziegler 2021 Remarks: Previously regarded as a synonym of venningi (e.g., Smith 1943). Revalidated as a separate species by David, Vogel, Nguyen, Orlov, Pauwels, Teynié & Ziegler (2021). Distribution: China (Yunnan), Myanmar. Hebius octolineatus Eight-striped Keelback Achtstreifige Kielnatter Ottestribet Kølsnog 1904 Tropidonotus octolineatus Boulenger Natrix octolineatus Schmidt 1927 Amphiesma octolineata Malnate 1960 Hebius octolineatum Guo, Zhu, Liu, Zhang, Li, Huang & Pyron 2014 1904 Tropidonotus pleurotænia Boulenger (Zhao & Adler 1993) 1904 Tropidonotus quadrilineatus Boulenger (Zhao & Adler 1993) 1913 Tropidonotus parallelus sublævis Despax (Zhao & Adler 1993) 1932 Natrix nigroreticulata Chang (Zhao & Adler 1993) Remarks: Previously included septemlineatus. Hou, Yuan, Wei, Zhao, Liu, Wu, Shen, Chen, Guo & Che (2021) only included Yunnan in the distribution. Distribution: China (Guangxi, Guizhou, Sichuan, Yunnan). Hebius optatus Mount Omei Keelback, Mount Emei Keelback Omei-Kielnatter Omei-kølsnog 1966 Natrix optata Hu & Zhao Amphiesma optata Zhao & Jiang 1986 Hebius optatum Guo, Zhu, Liu, Zhang, Li, Huang & Pyron 2014 Distribution: China (Chongqing, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hunan, Sichuan), Vietnam. Hebius parallelus Parallel-striped Keelback, (Boulenger's Striped Keelback, Boulenger's Keelback, Yunnan Keelback) Parallelstreifige Kielnatter Parallelstribet Kølsnog 1890 Tropidonotus parallelus Boulenger Natrix parallelus Wall 1923 Amphiesma parallela Malnate 1960 Paranatrix parallela Mahendra 1984 Sinonatrix parallelus Murthy 1994 Hebius parallelum Guo, Zhu, Liu, Zhang, Li, Huang & Pyron 2014 Remarks: Previously included bitaeniatum and clerki, and confused with other species as well. Reported for Mizoram by Harit & Ramanujam (2002), but not by Mathew (2007). Recently reported from Tibet, but other, older records from China (Sichuan, Yunnan), Myanmar, and other Indian states (Arunachal Pradesh, Sikkim, West Bengal) refer to other species (Ao, David, Bordoloi & Ohler 2004; David, Agarwal, Athreya, Mathew, Vogel & Mistry 2015), in spite of the fact that the type locality of parallelus is "Sikkim" (probably in error). Reported without exact locality from Nepal (e.g., Swan & Leviton 1962; Das 1994, 1996; Schleich & Kästle [eds.] 2002), but no specimens with locality are known from the country. Nepalese reports are most likely due to misidentifications of Herpetoreas sieboldi (Kramer 1977; Ao, David, Bordoloi & Ohler 2004; David, Vogel & Pauwels 2005). Records from Vietnam (e.g., David, Vogel & Pauwels 2005) refer to bitaeniatum (Nguyen, Ho & Nguyen 2009). Records from Cambodia (e.g., Bourret 1934, 1936) refer to boulengeri. Distribution: China (Tibet), India (Meghalaya, Nagaland), Nepal. Hebius petersii Sarawak Spotted Keelback, Yellow-lipped Water Snake, (Peter's Keelback) Sarawak-Flecken-Kielnatter Plettet Sarawak-kølsnog 1871 Tropidonotus maculatus Peters [not Tropidonotus maculatus Edeling 1864] (Iskandar & Colijn 2001) 1872 Tropidonotus sundanensis Peters [not Tropidonotus sundanensis Bleeker 1857] (Iskandar & Colijn 2001) 1893 Tropidonotus petersi Boulenger [substitute name for Tropidonotus maculatus Peters 1871] Natrix petersi Smedley 1931 Amphiesma petersi Malnate 1960 Hebius petersii Guo, Zhu, Liu, Zhang, Li, Huang & Pyron 2014 Remarks: Present in the past, but not confirmed recently from Singapore (Baker & Lim 2008). For unknown reasons, Wallach, Williams & Boundy (2014) listed Tropidonotus maculatus Peters 1871 as a synonym of sarawacensis. Extinct in: Singapore. Distribution: Indonesia (Sumatra), Malaysia (Sabah, Sarawak, West Malaysia). Hebius popei Chinese Mountain Keelback, (Pope's Mountain Keelback, Pope's Keelback) Chinesische Gebirgs-Kielnatter Kinesisk Bjergkølsnog 1925 Natrix popei Schmidt Natrix vibakari popei Mell 1930 Amphiesma popei Malnate 1960 Hebius popei Guo, Zhu, Liu, Zhang, Li, Huang & Pyron 2014 Distribution: China (Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Hunan, Yunnan), Vietnam. Hebius pryeri Ryukyu Keelback, Ryukyu Water Snake Ryukyu-Kielnatter Ryukyu-kølsnog 1887 Tropidonotus pryeri Boulenger Natrix pryeri Stejneger 1907 Amphiesma pryeri Malnate 1960 Hebius pryeri Guo, Zhu, Liu, Zhang, Li, Huang & Pyron 2014 Remarks: Previously included concelarum and ishigakiense. Distribution: Japan (Ryukyu Islands [Okinawa Islands, Sakishima Islands, Satsunan Islands (incl. Amami Islands [incl. Tokunoshima])]). Hebius sanguineus Red Mountain Keelback, (Smedley's Keelback) Rote Kielnatter, Rote Gebirgswassernatter Rød Bjergkølsnog 1932 Natrix sanguinea Smedley Amphiesma sanguinae [sic] Malnate 1960 Hebius sanguineum Guo, Zhu, Liu, Zhang, Li, Huang & Pyron 2014 Distribution: Malaysia (West Malaysia). Hebius sangzhiensis Hunan Mountain Keelback Hunan-Kielnatter Hunan-bjergkølsnog 2019 Hebius sangzhiensis Zhou, Sun, Qi, Lu, Lyu, Wang, Li & Ma Distribution: China (Hunan). Hebius sarasinorum Mount Bonthain Keelback, (Sarasin's Keelback) Bonthain-Kielnatter Bonthain-bjergkølsnog 1896 Tropidonotus sarasinorum Boulenger Natrix sarasinorum Barbour 1912 Amphiesma sarasinora Malnate 1960 Hebius sarasinorum Guo, Zhu, Liu, Zhang, Li, Huang & Pyron 2014 Distribution: Indonesia (Sulawesi). Hebius sarawacensis Sarawak Mountain Keelback, Sarawak Grass Snake, Checker-bellied Keelsnake, (Sarawak Keelback) Sarawak-Gebirgs-Kielnatter, Sarawak-Wassernatter Sarawak-bjergkølsnog 1872 Tropidonotus sarawacensis Günther Tropidonotus saravacensis [sic] Boulenger 1893 Natrix saravacensis [lapsus] Barbour 1912 Amphiesma saravacensis [sic] Malnate 1960 Rhabdophis sarawacensis Wallach, Williams & Boundy 2014 Hebius sarawacense Guo, Zhu, Liu, Zhang, Li, Huang & Pyron 2014 Remarks: For unknown reasons, Wallach, Williams & Boundy (2014) assigned sarawacensis to the genus Rhabdophis. They also listed Tropidonotus maculatus Peters 1871 as a synonym of sarawacensis, although maculatus is a senior (but unavailable) synonym of petersi. Distribution: Brunei, Indonesia (Kalimantan), Malaysia (Sabah, Sarawak, West Malaysia). Hebius sauteri Kosempo Keelback, (Sauter's Keelback) Kosempo-Kielnatter Kosempo-kølsnog 1909 Tropidonotus sauteri Boulenger Natrix sauteri Pope 1935 Amphiesma sauteri Malnate 1960 Hebius sauteri Guo, Zhu, Liu, Zhang, Li, Huang & Pyron 2014 1909 Natrix copei Van Denburgh (Zhao & Adler 1993) 1962 Amphiesma sauteri bourreti Malnate 1962 Amphiesma sauteri maximus Malnate Distribution: China (Anhui, Chongqing, Fujian, Gansu, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangxi, Sichuan, Yunnan), Laos, Taiwan, Vietnam. Hebius septemlineatus Tengchong Keelback Tengchong-Kielnatter Tengchong-kølsnog 1925 Natrix septemlineata Schmidt Hebius septemlineatus Hou, Yuan, Wei, Zhao, Liu, Wu, Shen, Chen, Guo & Che 2021 Remarks: Previously regarded as a synonym of octolineatus (e.g., Zhao & Adler 1993). Revalidated as a separate species by Hou, Yuan, Wei, Zhao, Liu, Wu, Shen, Chen, Guo & Che (2021). Distribution: China (Yunnan). Hebius taronensis Taron Keelback Taron-Kielnatter Taron-kølsnog 1940 Natrix venningi taronensis Smith Amphiesma venningi taronensis Welch 1988 Paranatrix venningi taronensis Mahendra 1984 Amphiesma taronense Das 2010 Hebius taronense Midtgaard 2019 (www.repfocus.dk) Remarks: Previously regarded as a subspecies of venningi (e.g., Smith 1943). Revalidated by Das (2010), followed by others (Zug, Leviton, Vindum, Wogan & Koo 2010; Wallach, Williams & Boundy 2014), but without presenting evidence. Validity as a separate species supported by David, Vogel, Nguyen, Orlov, Pauwels, Teynié & Ziegler (2021). Distribution: India (Arunachal Pradesh), Myanmar. Hebius terrakarenorum Umphang Keelback, Karenland Keelback Umphang-Kielnatter Umphang-kølsnog 2022 Hebius terrakarenorum Hauser, Smits & David Distribution: Thailand. Hebius venningi Chin Hills Keelback, (Venning's Keelback) Chin-Hills-Kielnatter Chin Hills-kølsnog 1910 Tropidonotus venningi Wall Natrix venningi Wall 1923 Amphiesma venningi Malnate 1960 Paranatrix venningi Mahendra 1984 Hebius venningi Guo, Zhu, Liu, Zhang, Li, Huang & Pyron 2014 Remarks: Previously included nigriventer and taronense. Records from Bangladesh and Meghalaya, India, (e.g., Gayen 2001; Whitaker & Captain 2004, Reza 2010) refer to Herpetoreas xenura (Mathew & Meetei 2004; David, Vogel, Nguyen, Orlov, Pauwels, Teynié & Ziegler 2021). Records from Yunnan, China, refer to nigriventer (David, Vogel, Nguyen, Orlov, Pauwels, Teynié & Ziegler 2021). Distribution: India (Arunachal Pradesh, Mizoram, Nagaland), Myanmar. Hebius vibakari Northeastern Forest Keelback, Hibakari, Vibakari Snake Nordöstliche Wald-Kielnatter Nordøstlig Skovkølsnog 1826 Tropidonotus vibakari Boie Natrix vibakari Stejneger 1907 Hebius vibakari Thompson 1913 Amphiesma vibakari Malnate 1960 1876 Tropidonotus martensii Hilgendorf (Stejneger 1907) 1923 Natrix vibakari ruthveni Van Denburgh Amphiesma vibakari ruthveni Malnate 1962 1928 Natrix vibakari nikolskii Emeljanov (Malnate 1962) 1986 Amphiesma vibakari danjoensis Toriba Other common names: danjoense: Danjo Hibakari Remarks: A record from Sakhalin Island (Malnate 1962) appears to be erroneous. The island was not included in the distribution by neither Szczerbak (2003), nor Ananjeva, Orlov, Khalikov, Darevsky, Ryabov & Barabanov (2006). Introduced to: Japan (Izu Islands: Miyakejima). Distribution: China (Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning), Japan (Honshu, Kyushu, Shikoku, Ryukyu Islands [Satsunan Islands]), North Korea, Russia, South Korea. Hebius viperinus Viper-like Keelback Vipern-Kielnatter Hugorme-kølsnog 1901 Xenochrophis viperinus Schenkel Amphiesma viperina Malnate & Minton 1965 Hebius viperinum Guo, Zhu, Liu, Zhang, Li, Huang & Pyron 2014 Distribution: Indonesia (Sumatra). Hebius weixiensis Weixi Keelback Weixi-Kielnatter Weixi-kølsnog 2021 Hebius weixiensis Hou, Yuan, Wei, Zhao, Liu, Wu, Shen, Chen, Guo & Che Distribution: China (Yunnan). Hebius yanbianensis Yanbian Keelback Yanbian-Kielnatter Yanbian-kølsnog 2018 Hebius yanbianensis Liu, Zhong, Wang, Liu & Guo Distribution: China (Sichuan). Hebius youjiangensis Youjiang Keelback Youjiang-Kielnatter Youjiang-kølsnog 2023 Hebius youjiangensis Xu, Yang, Gong, Wu, Huang, Liu, Liang, Huang & Huang Distribution: China (Guangxi).