Home - Taxonomy - Geography - Biodiversity - Literature - Purchase RepFocus Recent updates Citation: Midtgaard, Rune. RepFocus - A Survey of the Reptiles of the World. (www.repfocus.dk). Latest update: November 24th, 2024. Taxonomy of the family Gekkonidae Bibliography of the genus Hemidactylus Biodiversity of the family Gekkonidae Genus Hemidactylus Half-toed Geckos, House Geckos, Tropical House Geckos, (Leaf-toed Geckos) Halbzehengeckos, Halbfingergeckos Halvfingergekkoer 1810 Gecus Rafinesque (se also genus Gekko) (type species: Gecus cyanodactylus Rafinesque 1810; syn. Bauer 1994) 1817 Hemidactylus Oken (type species: Hemidactylus tuberculosus Fitzinger 1826) 1836 Platyurus Oken (type species: Gecko marginatus Cuvier 1829; syn. Bauer 1994) 1842 Boltalia Gray (type species: Boltalia sublevis Gray 1842; syn. Bauer 1994) 1843 Cosymbotus Fitzinger (type species: Stellio platyurus Schneider 1792; syn. Carranza & Arnold 2006#) 1843 Hoplopodion Fitzinger (type species: Hemidactylus coctaei Dumeril & Bibron 1836; syn. Bauer 1994) 1843 Microdactylus Fitzinger [not Microdactylus Geoffroy 1809 (Aves)] (type species: Hemidactylus peruvianus Wiegmann 1835; syn. Bauer 1994) 1843 Onychopus Fitzinger (type species: Hemidactylus garnotii Dumeril & Bibron 1836; syn. Bauer 1994) 1843 Pnoepus Fitzinger (type species: Hemidactylus javanicus Fitzinger 1843; syn. Bauer 1994) 1843 Tachybates Fitzinger (type species: Gecko mabouia Moreau de Jonnès 1818; syn. Bauer 1994) 1845 Doryura Gray (type species: Doryura bowringii Gray 1845; syn. Bauer 1994) 1845 Leiurus Gray [not Leiurus Hemprich & Ehrenberg 1829 (Scorpionidea); not Leiurus Swainson 1839 (Pisces); not Leiurus Dumeril 1856 (Pisces)] (type species: Leiurus ornatus Gray 1845; syn. Bauer 1994) ; 1845 Nubilia Gray (type species: Nubilia argentii Gray 1845; syn. Bauer 1994) 1845 Velernesia Gray (type species: Velernesia richardsonii Gray 1845; syn. Bauer 1994) 1861 Eurhous Fitzinger (type species: Hemidactylus leschenaultii Dumeril & Bibron 1836; syn. Bauer 1994) 1862 Liurus Cope [not Liurus Ehrenberg 1831 (Scorpionidea); not Liurus Agassiz 1846 (Pisces); substitute name for Leiurus Gray 1845] 1864 Nycteridium Günther (type species: Nycteridium schneideri Günther 1864; syn. Bauer 1994) 1870 Teratolepis Günther (type species: Homonota fasciata Blyth 1853; syn. Bauer, Giri, Greenbaum, Jackman, Dharne & Shouche 2008) 1894 Bunocnemis Günther (type species: Bunocnemis modestus Günther 1894; syn. Bauer 1994) 1896 Mimetozoon Boulenger (type species: Mimetozoon floweri Boulenger 1896; syn. Bauer 1994) 1934 Lophopholis Smith & Deraniyagala (type species: Teratolepis scabriceps Annandale 1906; syn. Bauer 1994) 1935 Briba Amaral (type species: Briba brasiliana Amaral 1935; syn. Carranza & Arnold 2006#) 1940 Aliurus Dunn & Dunn [substitute name for Liurus Cope 1862] Contents: 202 species, of which 126 (62.4%) are endemic. Endemism: 0% 100% Remarks: Previously included Dravidogecko anamallensis. The genus is widely distributed throughout the tropics and the subtropics, however, many species have relatively small distributions confined to Africa or South Asia (Giri & Bauer 2008). The wide dispersal of some species of this genus must be partly attributed to human agency. Distribution: South America, Africa, S. Europe, Middle East, S. Asia, Malay Archipelago. Reported from: Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria, Angola (incl. Cabinda), Australia (Norfolk Island), Bahrain, Bangladesh, Benin, Bhutan, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Botswana, Brazil (Alagoas, Amazonas, Bahia, Ceara, Maranhao, Minas Gerais, Paraiba, Pernambuco, Piaui, Rio Grande do Norte, Roraima, Tocantins), Brunei, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cambodia, Cameroon, Cape Verde (Boa Vista, Fogo, Santo Antao, Sao Nicolau), Central African Republic, Chad, China (Fujian, Guangdong [incl. Nan Ao Island], Guangxi, Hainan, Hong Kong [incl. Shek Kwu Chau Island], Macau, Sichuan, Tibet, Yunnan, Zhejiang), Colombia, Comoro Islands (Anjouan, Grande Comoro, Moheli), Congo-Brazzaville, Congo-Kinshasa, Cook Islands (incl. Rarotonga), Croatia, Cyprus, Djibouti, East Timor (incl. Atauro Island), Egypt (incl. Sinai), Equatorial Guinea (Annobon, Bioko, Rio Muni), Eritrea (incl. Dahlak Archipelago), Eswatini, Ethiopia, Europa Island, Fiji, France (incl. Corsica), French Polynesia, Gabon, Gambia, Ghana, Gibraltar, Greece (incl. Aegean Islands [incl. Cyclades Islands, Dodecanese Islands (incl. Rhodes), Sporades Islands], Crete), Guadeloupe (incl. Iles de la Petite Terre [incl. Terre-de-Bas], Iles des Saintes), Guam, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau (incl. Bijagos Archipelago), Guyana, India (Andaman & Nicobar Islands [Andaman Islands, Nicobar Islands], Andhra Pradesh, Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Delhi, Goa, Gujarat, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu & Kashmir, Jharkhand, Karnataka, Kerala, Lakshadweep, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Manipur, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Nagaland, Odisha, Punjab, Rajasthan, Sikkim, Tamil Nadu, Telangana, Tripura, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand, West Bengal), Indonesia (Adonara, Alor, Ambon, Anambas Islands, Aru Islands, Babar Islands, Bacan, Bali, Banda Islands, Bangka, Banyak Islands, Bawean Islands, Belitung, Besar (off Flores), Buru, Buton, Ende, Flores, Groot-Bastaard, Halmahera, Haruku, Hoga, Java, Kabaena, Kai Islands, Kalimantan, Kangean Islands, Karimunjawa Islands, Kelang, Komodo, Laut (off Seram), Legundi, Lembata, Lingga Islands, Lombok, Morotai, Natuna Islands, Nias, Nila, Obi, Padar, Pantar, Penida, Riau Islands, Rinca, Rote, Salawati, Sangir Islands [incl. Biaro], Saparua, Savu, Sebesi, Sebuku, Selayar, Semau, Seram, Siberut, Simeulue, Sula Islands [incl. Sanana], Sulawesi, Sumatra, Sumba, Sumbawa, Supiori, Tanimbar Islands, Ternate, Togian Islands, Waigeo, Weh, West Timor, Western New Guinea, Wetar, Yapen), Iran, Iraq, Israel, Italy (incl. Aeolian Islands, Capri, Elba, Montecristo, Pantelleria, Pelagie Islands [Lampedusa, Linosa Islands], Sicily), Ivory Coast, Japan (Ryukyu Islands [Okinawa Islands, Sakishima Islands, Satsunan Islands]), Johnston, Jordan, Juan de Nova, Kenya, Kuwait, Laos, Lebanon, Liberia, Libya, Madagascar (incl. Nosy Be), Malawi, Malaysia (Sabah, Sarawak, West Malaysia [incl. Langkawi Archipelago, Penang Island, Perhentian Islands, Seribuat Archipelago (incl. Aur, Pemanggil, Tioman)]), Maldives, Mali, Malta, Mauritania, Mauritius, Midway Islands, Montenegro, Morocco, Mozambique (incl. Bazaruto Archipelago), Myanmar, Namibia, Nepal, New Caledonia (incl. Grande Terre, Loyalty Islands), Niger, Nigeria, Oman (incl. Masirah), Pakistan, Papua New Guinea (incl. Bismarck Archipelago [Admiralty Islands, New Britain, New Ireland], Eastern New Guinea, Louisiade Archipelago [incl. Misima], Woodlark, North Solomon Islands [incl. Bougainville]), Philippines (Agutayan, Apo, Babuyan Islands [incl. Babuyan Claro, Calayan, Camiguin Norte, Dalupiri, Fuga, Irao], Bacoor, Balicasag, Bantayan, Batan Islands [Batan, Itbayat, Ivojos, Sabtang], Bohol, Bonoon, Boracay, Calagnaan, Calamian Islands [Busuanga, Calauit], Calotcot, Caluya, Camiguin Sur, Camotes Islands [Pacijan, Ponson, Poro], Carabao, Cataban, Catanduanes, Cebu, Cresta de Gallo, Dinagat, Duitay, Dumaran, Gigante Islands, Guimaras, Jao, Lapinig Islands [Lapinig Chico, Lapinig Grande], Leyte, Lubang, Luzon, Mactan, Maestre de Campo, Marinduque, Mindanao, Mindoro, Nadulao, Negros, Olango, Palawan, Pamilacan, Pan de Azucar, Panay, Panubulon, Polong Dako, Samar, Semirara, Sibay, Sibuyan, Sicogon, Siquijor, Sulu Islands [incl. Basilan, Bongao, Gounan Islands, Jolo, Siasi, Sibutu, Sipayu, Sitanki, Simunul, Tawi-Tawi], Sumilon, Tablas, Tilmubo, Tintiman), Portugal, Qatar, Rwanda, Saint Lucia (incl. Maria Islands), Sao Tome & Principe (Principe, Rolas Island, Sao Tome, Tinhosa Grande Islet), Saudi Arabia (incl. Farasan Islands), Senegal, Seychelles (incl. Aldabra), Sierra Leone, Singapore, Slovenia, Solomon Islands (incl. Guadalcanal, Santa Cruz Islands), Somalia, South Africa (KwaZulu-Natal, Limpopo, Mpumalanga, North West Province), South Sudan, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Surinam, Syria, Taiwan, Tanzania (incl. Mafia, Pemba, Zanzibar), Thailand, Togo, Tonga, Trinidad & Tobago (Tobago, Trinidad), Tunisia, Turkey (incl. European Turkey), Uganda, United Arab Emirates, Vanuatu (incl. Espiritu Santo), Venezuela, Vietnam (incl. Cat Ba Island), Western Samoa, Yemen (incl. Socotra Archipelago [Abd al Kuri, Darsa, Samha, Socotra]), Zambia, Zimbabwe. Hemidactylus aaronbaueri Pune Half-toed Gecko Pune-Halbzehengecko Pune-halvfingergekko 2008 Hemidactylus aaronbaueri Giri Distribution: India (Maharashtra). Hemidactylus acanthopholis Keeled Half-toed Gecko Gekielte Halbzehengecko Kølet Halvfingergekko 2014 Hemidactylus acanthopholis Mirza & Sanap Distribution: India (Tamil Nadu). Hemidactylus achaemenidicus Kangan Half-toed Gecko Kangan-Halbzehengecko Kangan-halvfingergekko 2019 Hemidactylus achaemenidicus Torki Remarks: Previously regarded as a population of persicus (e.g., Carranza & Arnold 2012; Smid & al. 2013). Distribution: Iran. Hemidactylus adensis Aden Half-toed Gecko Aden-Halbzehengecko Aden-halvfingergekko 2015 Hemidactylus adensis Smid, Moravec, Kratochvil, Nasher, Masuch, Gvozdik & Carranza Distribution: Yemen. Hemidactylus aemulus Chandanapalli Half-toed Gecko, Emulous Leaf-toed Gecko Chandanapalli-Halbzehengecko Chandanapalli-halvfingergekko 2022 Hemidactylus aemulus Kumar, Srinivasulu & Srinivasulu Remarks: Previously regarded as a population of giganteus (Kumar, Srinivasulu & Srinivasulu 2022). Distribution: India (Telangana). Hemidactylus afarensis Afar Half-toed Gecko, Afar Gecko Afar-Halbzehengecko Afar-halvfingergekko 2020 Hemidactylus afarensis Smíd, Mazuch, Nováková, Modrý, Malonza, Elmi, Carranza & Moravec Remarks: Previously regarded as a population of sinaitus. Previously reported from Somalia, but Mazuch, Janák, Velenská, Nistri, Elmi & Smíd (2024) restricted the distribution of afarensis to Eritrea and Ethiopia. Distribution: Eritrea, Ethiopia. Hemidactylus agrius Piaui Half-toed Gecko, (Country Leaf-toed Gecko) Piaui-Halbzehengecko Piaui-halvfingergekko 1978 Hemidactylus agrius Vanzolini Distribution: Brazil (Bahia, Ceara, Maranhao, Paraiba, Pernambuco, Piaui, Rio Grande do Norte). Hemidactylus albituberculatus White-tubercled Half-toed Gecko Weissknopf-Halbzehengecko Hvidknoppet Halvfingergekko 2012 Hemidactylus albituberculatus Trape in Trape, Trape & Chirio Remarks: Validity needs confirmation (Pauwels & Kok 2013). Distribution: Benin, Cameroon, Nigeria, Togo. Hemidactylus albivertebralis White-lined Half-toed Gecko Weissstreifen-Halbzehengecko Hvidstribet Halvfingergekko 2012 Hemidactylus albivertebralis Trape & Böhme in Trape, Trape & Chirio Distribution: Benin, Ghana, Guinea, Ivory Coast. Hemidactylus albofasciatus Dorli House Gecko Dorli-Halbzehengecko Dorli-halvfingergekko 1963 Hemidactylus albofasciatus Grandison & Soman Teratolepis albofasciata Kluge 1967 Remarks: Previously placed variously in the genera Teratolepis or Hemidactylus. Bauer, Giri, Greenbaum, Jackman, Dharne & Shouche (2008) synonymized Teratolepis with Hemidactylus. Murthy (1985) included Goa and Karnataka, but the species is endemic to Maharashtra (Giri & Bauer 2008). Distribution: India (Maharashtra). Hemidactylus albopunctatus White-spotted Half-toed Gecko, (White-spotted Gecko) Weissgefleckter Halbzehengecko Hvidplettet Halvfingergekko 1942 Teratolepis taylori Parker [not Hemidactylus taylori Parker 1932] 1947 Hemidactylus albopunctatus Loveridge Distribution: Ethiopia, Somalia. Hemidactylus alfarraji Najran Half-toed Gecko Najran-Halbzehengecko Najran-halvfingergekko 2016 Hemidactylus alfarraji Smíd, Shobrak, Wilms, Joger & Carranza Distribution: Saudi Arabia. Hemidactylus alkiyumii Tawi Atair Half-toed Gecko, (Ali Kiyumi's Leaf-toed Gecko) Tawi-Atair-Halbzehengecko Tawi Atair-halvfingergekko 2012 Hemidactylus alkiyumii Carranza & Arnold Distribution: Oman, Yemen. Hemidactylus almakhwah Al Makhwah Half-toed Gecko Al-Makhwah-Halbzehengecko Al Makhwah-halvfingergekko 2022 Hemidactylus almakhwah Smíd, Uvizl, Shobrak, Busais, Salim, AlGethami, AlGethami, Alanazi, Alsubaie, Rovatsos, Nováková, Mazuch & Carranza Distribution: Saudi Arabia. Hemidactylus angulatus West African House Gecko, Western Half-toed House Gecko, East African House Gecko, Angulated Gecko, (Gabon Half-toed Gecko) Westafrikanischer Halbzehengecko Vestafrikansk Halvfingergekko 1854 Hemidactylus angulatus Hallowell Hemidactylus brookii angulatus Loveridge 1941 1868 Hemidactylus guineensis Peters (Wermuth 1965; Kluge 2001; Bauer & Pauwels 2002) Hemidactylus brooki guineensis van den Audenaerde 1967 1870 Hemidactylus affinis Steindachner (Wermuth 1965) 1885 Hemidactylus stellatus Boulenger (Wermuth 1965) 1897 Hemidactylus brookii togoensis Werner (Wermuth 1965) Remarks: Revalidated as a separate species by Carranza & Arnold (2006). Now restricted to the eastern hemisphere. See remarks under haitianus. Records from Angola refer to bayonii or nzingae (Ceríaco, Agarwal, Marques & Bauer 2020). Introduced to: Cape Verde (Boa Vista, Fogo, Santo Antao, Sao Vicente), Western Sahara. Distribution: Benin, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, Congo-Brazzaville, Congo-Kinshasa, Equatorial Guinea (Bioko, Rio Muni), Eritrea, Ethiopia, Gabon, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau (incl. Bijagos Archipelago), Ivory Coast, Kenya, Liberia, Mali, Mauritania, Niger, Nigeria, Rwanda, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, South Sudan, Sudan, Tanzania (incl. Pemba, Zanzibar), Togo, Uganda. Hemidactylus ansorgii Slender Forest Gecko, (Ansorg's Half-toed Gecko) Graziler Halbzehengecko Slank Halvfingergekko 1901 Hemidactylus ansorgii Boulenger Remarks: Previously regarded as a synonym of intestinalis (e.g., Perret 1975; Kluge 1991), a taxon now considered a synonym of muriceus. Revalidated by Lawson (1993) and Henle & Böhme (2003). Distribution: Benin, Cameroon, Ghana, Ivory Coast, Liberia, Nigeria. Hemidactylus aporus Poreless Half-toed Gecko Porenloser Halbzehengecko Poreløs Halvfingergekko 1906 Hemidactylus aporus Boulenger Distribution: Equatorial Guinea (Annobon). Hemidactylus aquilonius Northern Burmese Half-toed Gecko Nordburmesischer Halbzehengecko Nordburmesisk Halvfingergekko 2007 Hemidactylus aquilonius MacMahan & Zug Remarks: Not mentioned for Telangana by Kumar & Srinivasulu (2022). Distribution: Bangladesh, Bhutan, China (Yunnan), India (Andhra Pradesh, Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Manipur, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Nagaland, Sikkim, Telangana, Tripura, Uttarakhand, West Bengal), Myanmar, Nepal. Hemidactylus arnoldi Guban Half-toed Gecko Guban-Halbzehengecko Guban-halvfingergekko 1978 Hemidactylus arnoldi Lanza Distribution: Djibouti, Somalia. Hemidactylus asirensis Asir Mountains Half-toed Gecko Asir-Halbzehengecko Asir-halvfingergekko 2016 Hemidactylus asirensis Smíd, Shobrak, Wilms, Joger & Carranza Distribution: Saudi Arabia. Hemidactylus awashensis Awash Half-toed Gecko, Awash Gecko Awash-Halbzehengecko Awash-halvfingergekko 2015 Hemidactylus awashensis Smid, Moravec, Kratochvil, Nasher, Masuch, Gvozdik & Carranza Distribution: Ethiopia. Hemidactylus barbierii Lake Turkana Half-toed Gecko Turkana-Halbzehengecko Turkana-halvfingergekko 2007 Hemidactylus barbierii Sindaco, Razzetti, Ziliani, Wasonga, Carugati & Fasola Distribution: Kenya. Hemidactylus barbouri Kenyan Coastal Half-toed Gecko, (Barbour's Gecko) Kenianischer Küsten-Halbzehengecko Kenyansk Kyst-halvfingergekko 1942 Hemidactylus tropidolepis barbouri Loveridge Hemidactylus squamulatus barbouri Loveridge 1957 Hemidactylus barbouri Spawls, Howell, Drewes & Ashe 2002 Distribution: Kenya, Tanzania. Hemidactylus barodanus Libar Half-toed Gecko, Enigmatic Gecko Libar-Halbzehengecko Libar-halvfingergekko 1901 Hemidactylus barodanus Boulenger Remarks: Possibly a synonym of jubensis (Largen & Spawls 2006). Distribution: Eritrea, Ethiopia, Somalia. Hemidactylus bavazzanoi Somali Banded Gecko, (Bavazzano's Gecko) Somalischer Gebänderter Halbzehengecko Somalisk Båndet Halvfingergekko 1978 Hemidactylus bavazzanoi Lanza Distribution: Kenya, Somalia. Hemidactylus bayonii Kisama Half-toed Gecko, (Angolan Half-toed Gecko, Bayão's Gecko) Kisama-Halbzehengecko, (Angolischer Halbzehengecko) Kisama-halvfingergekko, (Angola-halvfingergekko) 1893 Hemidactylus bayonii Bocage Remarks: Validity supported by Ceríaco, Agarwal, Marques & Bauer (2020). Previously included the population now assigned to vernayi (Ceríaco, Agarwal, Marques & Bauer 2020). Distribution: Angola. Hemidactylus benguellensis Benguela Half-toed Gecko, (Benguela Gecko) Benguela-Halbzehengecko Benguela-halvfingergekko 1893 Hemidactylus benguellensis Bocage Remarks: Regarded as a valid species by Broadley (1977), but as a synonym of mabouia by Kluge (1991). Validity supported by Ceríaco, Agarwal, Marques & Bauer (2020). Distribution: Angola, Namibia. Hemidactylus beninensis Benin Half-toed Gecko Benin-Halbzehengecko Benin-halvfingergekko 2006 Hemidactylus beninensis Bauer, Tchibozo, Pauwels & Lenglet Distribution: Benin. Hemidactylus berdmorei Mergui Half-toed Gecko Mergui-Halbzehengecko Mergui-halvfingergekko 1853 Leiurus berdmorei Blyth Hemidactylus berdmorei McMahan & Zug 2007 Remarks: Status uncertain (McMahan & Zug 2007). Previously regarded as a synonym of bowringii (e.g., Wermuth 1965). Distribution: Myanmar. Hemidactylus biokoensis Bioko Half-toed Gecko Bioko-Halbzehengecko Bioko-halvfingergekko 2014 Hemidactylus biokoensis Wagner, Leaché & Fujita Distribution: Equatorial Guinea (Bioko). Hemidactylus boavistensis Boavista Half-toed Gecko Boavista-Halbzehengecko Boavista-halvfingergekko 1906 Hemidactylus boavistensis Boulenger Hemidactylus bouvieri boavistensis Loveridge 1947 1935 Hemidactylus chevalieri Angel (syn. Vasconcelos, Köhler, Geniez & Crochet 2020) Hemidactylus boavistensis chevalieri Vasconcelos, Köhler, Geniez & Crochet 2020 Remarks: Revalidated as a separate species by Arnold, Vasconcelos, Harris, Mateo & Carranza (2008). Distribution: Cape Verde (Boa Vista [incl. Sal Rei Islet], Sal). Hemidactylus bornmuelleri Baghdad Half-toed Gecko Baghdad-Halbzehengecko Baghdad-halvfingergekko 1895 Hemidactylus bornmuelleri Werner Remarks: Previously regarded as a synonym of persicus (e.g., Wermuth 1965). Considered a separate species herein, following Afrasiab & Al-Moussawi (2020), although these authors did not examine the type specimen, which calls for confirmation. Distribution: Iraq. Hemidactylus bouvieri São Vicente Half-toed Gecko, (Bouvier's House Gecko) São-Vicente-Halbzehengecko São Vicente-halvfingergekko 1870 Emydactylus bouvieri Bocourt Hemidactylus bouvieri Rochebrune 1884 1982 Hemidactylus bouvieri razoensis Gruber & Schleich Remarks: Previously included boavistensis, cessacii and the population now assigned to nicolauensis. Records from Sao Nicolau refer to nicolauensis (Vasconcelos, Köhler, Geniez & Crochet 2020). Reports from Fogo (e.g., Angel 1935, 1937; Loveridge 1947; Mertens 1955; Schleich 1982, 1996; Joger 1993; López-Jurado, Mateo & Fazeres 2005) are here tentatively regarded as lopezjuradoi, following Arnold, Vasconcelos, Harris, Mateo & Carranza (2008), who suggested that at least some of the Fogo records represented lopezjuradoi. Vasconcelos, Brito, Carranza & Harris (2013) regarded the presence of bouvieri in São Vicente as doubtful, however, Vasconcelos, Köhler, Geniez & Crochet (2020) listed vouchers from the island. Distribution: Cape Verde (Razo, Santa Luzia, Santo Antao, Sao Vicente). Hemidactylus bowringii Hong Kong House Gecko, (Bowring's House Gecko, Bowring's Gecko, Oriental Leaf-toed Gecko, Sikkimese Dark-spotted Gecko) Hong-Kong-Halbzehengecko Hong Kong-halvfingergekko 1845 Doryura bowringii Gray Hemidactylus bowringii Boulenger 1885 Remarks: Previously included berdmorei. McMahan & Zug (2007) suggested the distribution of bowringi to be limited to the area from eastern Indochina to Ryukyu Islands, incl. Hong Kong, the type locality. Records from outside this area probably refer to other (possibly undescribed) species. Specimens previously recorded as bowringii from Burma are now assigned to aquilonius, berdmorei, or thayene. Records from India refer to aquilonius (Purkayastha, Das, Bauer, Sengupta & Dutta 2010). Records from Nepal are tentatively also referred to aquilonius, which has been recorded from the country (Bauer, Jackman, Greenbaum, Giri & Silva 2010), although overlooked by Kästle, Rai & Schleich (2013), who did not mention aquilonius, but still listed bowringii. Records from Bangladesh (e.g., Rabbe, Alam & Rahman 2017) are also tentatively referred to aquilonius. A record from Borneo (Malkmus 1992) almost certainly refer to frenatus (Das 2007c). Distribution: China (Fujian, Guangdong [incl. Nan Ao Island], Guangxi, Hainan, Hong Kong [incl. Shek Kwu Chau Island], Macau, Sichuan, Yunnan), Japan (Ryukyu Islands [Okinawa Islands, Sakishima Islands, Satsunan Islands]), Laos, Taiwan, Vietnam. Hemidactylus brasilianus Brazilian Half-toed Gecko Brasilianischer Halbzehengecko Brasiliansk Halvfingergekko 1935 Briba brasiliana Amaral Hemidactylus brasilianus Carranza & Arnold 2006 Distribution: Brazil (Alagoas, Bahia, Ceara, Maranhao, Minas Gerais, Paraiba, Pernambuco, Piaui, Rio Grande do Norte, Sergipe, Tocantins). Hemidactylus brookii Spotted Half-toed Gecko, Spotted Gecko, Spotted Indian House Gecko, Spotted Barn Gecko, (Spotted House Gecko, Brook's House Gecko, Brook's Gecko) Afrikanischer Hausgecko Plettet Halvfingergekko 1845 Hemidactylus brookii Gray 1865 Gecko tytleri Tytler (status uncertain; Mahony 2011) 1915 Hemidactylus luzonensis Taylor (status uncertain; Mahony 2011) 1983 Hemidactylus mahendrai Shukla (status uncertain; Mahony 2011) Remarks: H. brookii (in the strict sense) is currently known only from two specimens, one from "Borneo", which may have been introduced, and another from "Australia" which presumably was mislabelled (Mahony 2011; Kathriner, O'Shea & Kaiser 2014). A record from Sarawak (Das & Sukumaran 2006) was probably based on a misidentification (Kathriner, O'Shea & Kaiser 2014). The taxononic status of other populations traditionally referred to this species is unclear, but they are retained here as brookii, pending further studies. Previously included angulatus, gleadowi, haitianus, kushmorensis, murrayi, parvimaculatus, subtriedroides, and tenkatei (e.g., Wermuth 1965). Records from Africa refer to angulatus (Carranza & Arnold 2006). Records from the New World refer to haitianus. Records from Sri Lanka, southernmost India, Comoro Islands, Mauritius (incl. Rodrigues), Reunion, and probably also the Maldives refer to parvimaculatus (Bauer, Jackman, Greenbaum, Silva, Giri & Das 2010). Present in the past, but not confirmed recently from Singapore (Baker & Lim 2008). A single record from Australia is presumably based on a mislabelled specimen (Mahony 2011). Both Rösler & Glaw (2010) and Mahony (2011) suggested that luzonensis may represent a synonym of tenkatei, but the latter author retained it as a synonym of brookii, pending a neotype designation. Mahony (2011) regarded mahendrai as a synonym of brookii, which is followed here, although he suggested that it may be a synonym of kushmorensis. It was also suggested to be a synonym of brookii by Zug, Vindum & Koo (2007). Following these authors, Venugopal (2010) did not include mahendrai in his list of Indian lizards, however, this was opposed by Mirza (2010). Records from Isla Grande (Islas del Cisne, Honduras) (Köhler & Ferrari 2011) refer to frenatus and mabouia (McCranie, Harrison & Valdés Orellana 2017). Introduced to: China (Hong Kong), India (Andaman & Nicobar Islands: Andaman Islands), Philippines (Bacoor, Luzon, Mindanao). Distribution: Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, China (Macau, Zhejiang), India (Andhra Pradesh, Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Delhi, Goa, Gujarat, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu & Kashmir, Jharkhand, Karnataka, Kerala, Lakshadweep, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Nagaland, Odisha, Punjab, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, Telangana, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand, West Bengal), Indonesia (Alor, Flores), Malaysia (Sarawak), Maldives, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan, Thailand. Hemidactylus carivoensis Carivo Half-toed Gecko Carivo-Halbzehengecko Carivo-halvfingergekko 2021 Hemidactylus carivoensis Lobón-Rovira, Conradie, Iglesias, Ernst, Veríssimo, Baptista & Vaz Pinto Distribution: Angola. Hemidactylus cessacii Santiago Half-toed Gecko Santiago-Halbzehengecko Santiago-halvfingergekko 1873 Hemidactylus cessacii Bocage Remarks: Previously regarded as a synonym of bouvieri (e.g., Wermuth 1965). Revalidated as a separate species by Mateo, Geniez, Veiret & López-Jurado (2023). Distribution: Cape Verde (Santiago). Hemidactylus chikhaldaraensis Chikhaldara Half-toed Gecko Chikhaldara-Halbzehengecko Chikhaldara-halvfingergekko 2019 Hemidactylus chikhaldaraensis Agarwal, Bauer, Giri & Khandekar Distribution: India (Maharashtra). Hemidactylus chipkali Hoshangabad Half-toed Gecko, (Central Indian Leaf-toed Gecko) Hoshangabad-Halbzehengecko Hoshangabad-halvfingergekko 2017 Hemidactylus chipkali Mirza & Raju Distribution: India (Madhya Pradesh). Hemidactylus cinganji Ebanga Half-toed Gecko Ebanga-Halbzehengecko Ebanga-halvfingergekko 2021 Hemidactylus cinganji Lobón-Rovira, Conradie, Iglesias, Ernst, Veríssimo, Baptista & Vaz Pinto Remarks: Previously regarded as a populations of benguellensis (e.g., Marques, Ceríaco, Blackburn & Bauer 2018; Ceríaco, Agarwal, Marques & Bauer 2020). Distribution: Angola. Hemidactylus citernii Rahanuin Half-toed Gecko, (Citerni's Gecko) Rahanuin-Halbzehengecko Rahanuin-halvfingergekko 1912 Hemidactylus citernii Boulenger Distribution: Djibouti, Somalia. Hemidactylus coalescens Nkoelon Half-toed Gecko Nkoelon-Halbzehengecko Nkoelon-halvfingergekko 2014 Hemidactylus coalescens Wagner, Leaché & Fujita Distribution: Cameroon, Congo-Brazzaville, Equatorial Guinea (Rio Muni), Gabon. Hemidactylus craspedotus Malayan Frilled Gecko, Malayan Frilly Gecko, Frilly House Gecko, Frilly Forest Gecko Gesäumter Halbzehengecko Frynse-halvfingergekko 1890 Hemidactylus craspedotus Mocquard Mimetozoon craspedotus Rooij 1915 Platyurus craspedotus Taylor 1963 Cosymbotus craspedotus Wermuth 1965 1896 Mimetozoon floweri Boulenger (Wermuth 1965) Distribution: Malaysia (Sabah, Sarawak, West Malaysia [incl. Langkawi Archipelago, Penang Island, Seribuat Archipelago (incl. Tioman)]), Singapore, Thailand. Hemidactylus curlei Borama Half-toed Gecko, (Parker's Gecko) Borama-Halbzehengecko Borama-halvfingergekko 1942 Hemidactylus curlei Parker Distribution: Ethiopia, Somalia. Hemidactylus dawudazraqi Azraq Half-toed Gecko Azraq-Halbzehengecko Azraq-halvfingergekko 2011 Hemidactylus dawudazraqi Moravec, Kratochvil, Amr, Jandzik, Smid & Gvozdik Distribution: Iraq, Jordan, Syria. Hemidactylus depressus Kandian Half-toed Gecko, Kandian Gecko Kandy-Halbzehengecko Kandy-halvfingergekko 1842 Hemidactylus depressus Gray 1845 Nubilia argentii Gray (Batuwita & Pethiyagoda 2012) Remarks: Previously included pieresii. A single record from Singapore (type locality of argentii) is regarded as doubtful (Batuwita & Pethiyagoda 2012). It was not included by Lim & Lim (1992). Distribution: Sri Lanka. Hemidactylus depressus © Henrik Bringsøe Hemidactylus dracaenacolus Dragon Tree Half-toed Gecko Drachenbaum-Halbzehengecko Dragetræ-halvfingergekko 1999 Hemidactylus dracaenacolus Rösler & Wranik Distribution: Yemen (Socotra Archipelago: Socotra). Hemidactylus easai Attapadi Half-toed Gecko, (Easa's Rock Gecko) Attapadi-Halbzehengecko Attapadi-halvfingergekko 2022 Hemidactylus easai Das, Pal, Siddharth, Palot, Deepak & Narayanan Distribution: India (Kerala). Hemidactylus echinus Spiny Forest Gecko Dorniger Halbzehengecko Tornet Halvfingergekko 1875 Hemidactylus echinus O'Shaughnessy Remarks: Erroneously recorded from Gabon (e.g., Henle & Böhme 2003) and the Central African Republic (e.g., Loveridge 1947; Joger 1990) (Chirio & Ineich 2006; Pauwels & Vande weghe 2008). According to Chirio & Ineich (2006), confined to the Atlantic forests of Cameroon. The first author later expanded the range to Congo-Brazzaville (Chirio & LeBreton 2007) from where it was also listed by Welch (1982), but other authors have included Congo-Kinshasa as well (Loveridge 1947; Broadley 1998c). Distribution: Cameroon, Congo-Brazzaville, Congo-Kinshasa, Nigeria. Hemidactylus endophis Muscat Half-toed Gecko, (Enigmatic Oman Leaf-toed Gecko) Muscat-Halbzehengecko Muscat-halvfingergekko 2012 Hemidactylus endophis Carranza & Arnold Distribution: Oman. Hemidactylus eniangii Cross River Half-toed Gecko Cross-River-Halbzehengecko Cross River-halvfingergekko 2014 Hemidactylus eniangii Wagner, Leaché & Fujita Distribution: Cameroon, Nigeria. Hemidactylus farasani Farasan Islands Half-toed Gecko Farasan-Halbzehengecko Farasan-halvfingergekko 2022 Hemidactylus farasani Smíd, Uvizl, Shobrak, Busais, Salim, AlGethami, AlGethami, Alanazi, Alsubaie, Rovatsos, Nováková, Mazuch & Carranza Distribution: Saudi Arabia (Farasan Islands). Hemidactylus fasciatus African Banded Forest Gecko, Banded Half-toed Gecko Afrikanischer Gebänderter Halbzehengecko Afrikansk Båndet Halvfingergekko 1842 Hemidactylus fasciatus Gray 1845 Leiurus ornatus Gray (Leaché & Fujita 2010) 1857 Hemidactylus formosus Hallowell (Leaché & Fujita 2010) Remarks: Previously included ituriensis and populations now assigned to biokoensis, coalescens, eniangii, and kyaboboensis. Now restricted to Ghana, Guinea, Ivory Coast, Liberia, and Togo, although some populations in Benin are of uncertain taxonomic assignment (Wagner, Leaché & Fujita 2014). Records from other countries refer to the other mentioned species. Grandison's (1956) record from Senegal refers to angulatus (Böhme 1978). Distribution: Ghana, Guinea, Ivory Coast, Liberia, Togo. Hemidactylus faustus Pungo Adongo Half-toed Gecko Pungo Adongo-Halbzehengecko Pungo Adongo-halvfingergekko 2021 Hemidactylus faustus Lobón-Rovira, Conradie, Iglesias, Ernst, Veríssimo, Baptista & Vaz Pinto Distribution: Angola. Hemidactylus festivus Wadi Ayoun Half-toed Gecko, (Festive Leaf-toed Gecko) Wadi-Ayoun-Halbzehengecko Wadi Ayoun-halvfingergekko 2012 Hemidactylus festivus Carranza & Arnold Distribution: Oman, Yemen. Hemidactylus flavicaudus Yellow-tailed Half-toed Gecko, (Mahabubnagar Yellow-tailed Brookiish Gecko) Gelbschwanz-Halbzehengecko Gulhalet Halvfingergekko 2020 Hemidactylus flavicaudus Lajmi, Giri, Singh & Agarwal Distribution: India (Telangana). Hemidactylus flaviviridis Yellow-bellied House Gecko, Yellow-green House Gecko, Northern House Gecko, Indian House Gecko, (Cocteau's Gecko) Gelbgrüner Halbzehengecko, Gelbgrüner Hausgecko Gulbuget Halvfingergekko 1835 Hemidactylus flaviviridis Rüppell 1836 Hemidactylus coctaei Duméril & Bibron (Wermuth 1965) 1842 Boltalia sublevis Gray (Wermuth 1965) 1843 Hoplopodion cocteaui Fitzinger [substitute name for Hemidactylus coctaei Duméril & Bibron 1836] (Wermuth 1965) 1843 Hoplopodion rueppellii Fitzinger [substitute name for Hemidactylus coctaei Duméril & Bibron 1836] (Schleich & Kästle (eds.) 2002) 1871 Hemidactylus bengaliensis Anderson (Wermuth 1965) Hemidactylus bengalensis Boulenger 1885 [substitute name for Hemidactylus bengaliensis Anderson 1871] (Wermuth 1965) 1885 Boltalia sublaevis Boulenger (Wermuth 1965) 1929 Hemidactylus zolii Scortecci (Wermuth 1965) Remarks: Presumably native to India, from where it has been distributed westward along trade routes through human agency (Anderson 1999). All African records are introductions (Spawls, Mazuch & Mohammad 2023). Introduced to: China (Shanghai), Djibouti, Egypt (incl. Sinai), Eritrea, Ethiopia, India (Assam), Japan (Honshu), Somalia, Sudan, Yemen (Socotra Archipelago: Socotra). Distribution: Afghanistan, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Bhutan, India (Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Delhi, Goa, Gujarat, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu & Kashmir, Jharkhand, Karnataka, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Nagaland, Odisha, Punjab, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, Telangana, Tripura, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand, West Bengal), Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Nepal, Oman, Pakistan, Qatar, Saudi Arabia (incl. Farasan Islands), United Arab Emirates, Yemen. Hemidactylus floweri Wad Medani Half-toed Gecko, (Flower's Sudan Gecko) Wad-Medani-Halbzehengecko Wad Medani-halvfingergekko 1908 Hemidactylus floweri Werner Remarks: Previously regarded as a subspecies of tropidolepis (e.g., Loveridge 1947) or of squamulatus (e.g. Wermuth 1965; Kluge 1991). Revalidated by Spawls, Mazuch & Mohammad (2023). Distribution: Sudan. Hemidactylus forbesii Abd al Kuri Half-toed Gecko Abd-al-Kuri-Halbzehengecko Abd al Kuri-halvfingergekko 1899 Hemidactylus forbesii Boulenger Distribution: Yemen (Socotra Archipelago: Abd al Kuri). Hemidactylus foudaii Mount Elba Half-toed Gecko, Elba Gecko Mount-Elba-Halbzehengecko Mount Elba-halvfingergekko 2003 Hemidactylus foudaii Baha-El-Din Distribution: Egypt, Eritrea, Sudan. Hemidactylus fragilis Bur Meldac Half-toed Gecko, (Rahanuin Gecko) Bur-Meldac-Halbzehengecko Bur Meldac-halvfingergekko 1915 Hemidactylus fragilis Calabresi Pnoepus fragilis Wells & Wellington 1985 Remarks: Previously regarded as a synonym of fragilis (e.g., Bauer 1994). Revalidated as a separate species by Mazuch, Smid & Bauer (2016). Distribution: Somalia, Ethiopia. Hemidactylus frenatus Asian House Gecko, South Asian House Gecko, Pacific House Gecko, Spiny-tailed House Gecko, South Indian House Gecko, Smooth House Gecko, Bridled House Gecko, Cheechak, Ticticky House Gecko, (Common House Gecko, South Asian Waif Gecko, Pacific Gecko) Asiatischer Hausgecko, Gewöhnlicher Halbzehengecko Asiatisk Halvfingergekko 1836 Hemidactylus frenatus Dumeril & Bibron Pnoepus frenatus Wells & Wellington 1985 1843 Hemidactylus bojeri Fitzinger (Bauer 1994) Pnoepus bojeri Wells & Wellington 1985 1843 Hemidactylus javanicus Fitzinger (Bauer 1994) 1845 Hemidactylus vittatus Gray (Bauer 1994) Pnoepus vittatus Wells & Wellington 1985 1853 Hemidactylus punctatus Jerdon (Bauer 1994) Pnoepus punctatus Wells & Wellington 1985 1861 Hemidactylus inornatus Hallowell (Bauer 1994) Pnoepus inornatus Wells & Wellington 1985 1861 Hemidactylus pumilus Hallowell (Bauer 1994) Pnoepus pumilus Wells & Wellington 1985 1865 Gecko caracal Tytler (Bauer 1994) Pnoepus caracal Wells & Wellington 1985 1865 Gecko chaus Tytler (Bauer 1994) 1869 Hemidactylus hexaspis Cope (Bauer 1994) 1869 Hemidactylus longiceps Cope (Bauer 1994) 1877 Peripia papuensis Macleay (Bauer 1994) Pnoepus papuensis Wells & Wellington 1985 1879 Hemidactylus tristis Sauvage (Bauer 1994) 1905 Hemidactylus nigriventris Lidth de Jeude (Bauer 1994; Kluge 2001) 1928 Hemidactylus vandermeermohri Brongersma (Bastinc 1984) 1936 Hemidactylus okinawensis Okada (Ota 1989) Remarks: Previously included fragilis. Native to South Asia and the Malay Archipelago (Bauer 1994). The wide dispersal of this species must be partly attributed to human agency. Outside its native range, the species is often a recent colonizer, e.g., in Fiji (Morrison 2003). Teynié, David & Ohler (2010) and Das (2010) listed vandermeermohri as a valid species, but without discussion. Presence in Hong Kong is based on a single, probably introduced animal (Karsen, Lau & Bogadek 1998). Presence in Riu Kiu Islands is doubtful (Ota, Sakaguchi, Ikehara & Hikida 1993), although recorded by Takara (1954). Not listed for Distrito Federal (introduced) by Lemos-Espinal & Smith (2020). Introduced to: American Samoa, Australia (New South Wales, Northern Territory, Queensland [incl. Torres Strait Islands], Western Australia), Belize, Chagos Archipelago, China (Hong Kong), Christmas Island, Cocos (Keeling) Islands, Comoro Islands (Anjouan, Grande Comoro, Moheli), Cook Islands (incl. Rarotonga), Costa Rica, Cuba, Ecuador (incl. Galapagos Islands [incl. Isabela]), El Salvador, Fiji, French Polynesia, Guam, Guatemala, Honduras (incl. Islas de la Bahia [Cayos Cochinos (Cayo Cochino Major, Cayo Cochino Pequeño), Guanaja, Roatan, Utila]), Indonesia (Talaud Islands), Japan (incl. Bonin Islands, Ryukyu Islands [Okinawa Islands, Sakishima Islands, Satsunan Islands]), Johnston, Kenya, Kiribati, Madagascar (incl. Nosy Be), Marshall Islands (incl. Arno Atoll), Mauritius (incl. Rodrigues), Mayotte, Mexico (Baja California Norte, Baja California Sur, Campeche, Chiapas, Colima [incl. Revillagigedo Islands (Socorro)], Distrito Federal, Guerrero, Hidalgo, Jalisco, Mexico State, Michoacan, Morelos, Nayarit, Oaxaca, Puebla, Queretaro, Quintana Roo [incl. Cozumel], San Luis Potosi, Sinaloa, Sonora, Tabasco, Tamaulipas, Veracruz, Yucatan, Zacatecas), Micronesia (incl. Pohnpei), Nauru, New Caledonia (incl. Grande Terre, Isle of Pines, Loyalty Islands), New Zealand, Nicaragua (incl. Islas del Maiz [Isla Grande del Maiz, Isla Pequeña del Maiz]), Northern Mariana Islands, Palau, Panama, Reunion, Saint Helena, Seychelles, Somalia, Taiwan, Tonga, Tuvalu, USA (Florida, Hawaii, Texas), Vanuatu (incl. Espiritu Santo), Venezuela, Wake, Wallis & Futuna, Western Samoa. Distribution: Australia (Norfolk Island), Bangladesh, Bhutan, Brunei, Cambodia, China (Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan, Hong Kong, Yunnan), East Timor (incl. Atauro Island), India (Andaman & Nicobar Islands [Andaman Islands, Nicobar Islands], Andhra Pradesh, Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Goa, Gujarat, Karnataka, Kerala, Lakshadweep, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Manipur, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Odisha, Sikkim, Tamil Nadu, Telangana, Tripura, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal), Indonesia (Adonara, Alor, Ambon, Anambas Islands, Aru Islands, Babar Islands, Bacan, Bali, Banda Islands, Bangka, Banyak Islands, Bawean Islands, Besar (off Flores), Buru, Buton, Ende, Flores, Groot-Bastaard, Halmahera, Haruku, Hoga, Java, Kabaena, Kai Islands, Kalimantan, Kangean Islands, Karimunjawa Islands, Kelang, Komodo, Laut (off Seram), Legundi, Lembata, Lingga Islands, Lombok, Morotai, Natuna Islands, Nias, Nila, Obi, Padar, Penida, Rinca, Rote, Salawati, Sangir Islands [Biaro], Saparua, Savu, Sebesi, Sebuku, Selayar, Seram, Siberut, Simeulue, Sula Islands (incl. Sanana), Sulawesi, Sumatra, Sumba, Sumbawa, Supiori, Tanimbar Islands, Ternate, Waigeo, Weh, Western New Guinea, Wetar, Yapen), Laos, Malaysia (Sabah, Sarawak, West Malaysia [incl. Langkawi Archipelago, Penang Island, Perhentian Islands, Seribuat Archipelago (incl. Aur, Pemanggil, Tioman)]), Maldives, Mauritius, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan, Papua New Guinea (incl. Bismarck Archipelago [Admiralty Islands, New Britain, New Ireland], Eastern New Guinea, Louisiade Archipelago [Misima], Woodlark, North Solomon Islands [Bougainville]), Philippines (Agutayan, Apo, Babuyan Islands [Babuyan Claro, Calayan, Camiguin Norte, Dalupiri, Fuga, Irao], Bacoor, Balicasag, Bantayan, Batan Islands [Batan, Itbayat, Ivojos, Sabtang], Bohol, Bonoon, Boracay, Calagnaan, Calamian Islands [Busuanga, Calauit], Calotcot, Caluya, Camiguin Sur, Camotes Islands [Pacijan, Ponson, Poro], Carabao, Cataban, Catanduanes, Cebu, Cresta de Gallo, Dinagat, Duitay, Dumaran, Gigante Islands, Guimaras, Jao, Lapinig Islands [Lapinig Chico, Lapinig Grande], Leyte, Luzon, Mactan, Maestre de Campo, Marinduque, Mindanao, Mindoro, Nadulao, Negros, Olango, Palawan, Pamilacan, Pan de Azucar, Panay, Panubulon, Polong Dako, Semirara, Sibay, Sibuyan, Sicogon, Siquijor, Sulu Islands [Basilan, Bongao, Gounan Islands, Jolo, Siasi, Sibutu, Sipayu], Sumilon, Tablas, Tilmubo, Tintiman), Singapore, Solomon Islands (incl. Guadalcanal, Santa Cruz Islands), Sri Lanka, Thailand, Vietnam (incl. Cat Ba Island). Hemidactylus frenatus © Rune Midtgaard Hemidactylus funaiolii Archer's Post Gecko Kenianischer Wüsten-Halbzehengecko Kenyansk Ørken-halvfingergekko 1978 Hemidactylus funaiolii Lanza Distribution: Kenya, Ethiopia, Somalia. Hemidactylus garnotii Fox Gecko, Indo-Pacific Gecko, Garnot's House Gecko, Garnot's Gecko, (Assam Greyish-brown Gecko) Indopazifischer Gecko, Jungfern Halbzehengecko Rævegekko 1836 Hemidactylus garnotii Dumeril & Bibron Hoplopodion garnotii Fitzinger 1843 Doryura garnotii Gray 1845 Lepidodactylus garnotii Henshaw 1902 1835 Hemidactylus peruvianus Wiegmann (Kluge & Eckardt 1969) 1857 Doryura vulpecula Girard (Bauer 1994) 1858 Hemidactylus ludekingii Bleeker (Bauer 1994) 1868 Doryura gaudama Theobald (Bauer 1994) 1868 Hemidactylus mortoni Theobald (Bauer 1994) 1871 Hemidactylus mandellianus Stoliczka (Bauer 1994) 1885 Hemidactylus blanfordii Boulenger (Bauer 1994) Remarks: An all-female, parthenogenetic species (Nguyen, Ho & Nguyen 2009). Presence in Peru is based on a single record (the type locality of peruvianus) which is probably erroneous (Kluge & Eckardt 1969). Present in the past, but not confirmed recently from Singapore (Baker & Lim 2008). All Philippine records of garnotii should be regarded as provisional, as some may refer to stejnegeri (Bauer 1994). Records from Pohnpei (Micronesia) (e.g., Bauer 1994) refer to frenatus (Fisher, Uili, Enoka & Zug 2013). Cagle's (1946) study of garnotii in Tinian (Northern Mariana Islands) is also believed in fact to have been frenatus (Dryden & Taylor 1969). In summary, the species occurs naturally in the Pacific only south of the Equator, since the Hawaiian population is introduced (Fisher, Uili, Enoka & Zug 2013). Extinct in: Singapore. Introduced to: Bahamas (Little Bahama Bank), Costa Rica, New Zealand, USA (Alabama, California, Florida, Hawaii, Tennessee, Texas). Distribution: Bangladesh, Bhutan, Cambodia, China (Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan, Hong Kong [incl. Shek Kwu Chau Island], Macau, Yunnan), Cook Islands (incl. Rarotonga), East Timor, Fiji, French Polynesia, India (Andaman & Nicobar Islands [Nicobar Islands], Assam, Manipur, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Sikkim, West Bengal), Indonesia (Ambon, Flores, Java, Kalimantan, Komodo, Lombok, Nias, Siberut, Sumatra, Sumba, Sumbawa, Waigeo, Western New Guinea), Johnston, Laos, Malaysia (Sabah, West Malaysia), Midway Islands, Myanmar, Nepal, New Caledonia (Grande Terre, Loyalty Islands), Papua New Guinea (Eastern New Guinea), Taiwan, Thailand, Tonga, Vanuatu (incl. Espiritu Santo), Vietnam (incl. Cat Ba Island), Western Samoa. Hemidactylus garnotii © Henrik Bringsøe Hemidactylus giganteus Giant Indian Tree Gecko Indischer Riesen-Halbzehengecko Indisk Kæmpe-halvfingergekko 1871 Hemidactylus giganteus Stoliczka Remarks: Now restricted to Odisha and Telangana (Kumar, Srinivasulu & Srinivasulu 2022). Records from others states refer to other species. Distribution: India (Odisha, Telangana). Hemidactylus gleadowi Sind Half-toed Gecko Sind-Halbzehengecko Sind-halvfingergekko 1884 Hemidactylus gleadowi Murray Hemidactylus gleadovii Boulenger 1885 [lapsus] Remarks: Previously regarded as a synonym of brookii (e.g., Wermuth 1965). Revalidated by Mahony (2011). Distribution: India (Chhattisgarh, Karnataka, Maharashtra, Telangana). Pakistan. Hemidactylus gracilis Slender House Gecko, Square-spotted Gecko Venus-Halbzehengecko Venus-halvfingergekko 1870 Hemidactylus gracilis Blanford 1912 Hemidactylus platyceps Annandale (Wermuth 1965) Remarks: Not listed for Chhattisgarh by Ahmed, Basak, Sarkar, Suraj & Babarta (2021). Distribution: India (Andhra Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Gujarat, Karnataka, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Rajasthan, Telangana). Hemidactylus gramineus Kinshasa Half-toed Gecko, Grass-dwelling Tropical Gecko Kinshasa-Halbzehengecko Kinshasa-halvfingergekko 2021 Hemidactylus gramineus Ceríaco, Bauer, Kusamba, Agarwal & Greenbaum Remarks: Congo-Brazzaville is tentatively included in the distribution based on a photo of a gecko identified as this species. Confirmation is needed (Ceríaco, Bauer, Kusamba, Agarwal & Greenbaum 2021). Distribution: Congo-Brazzaville, Congo-Kinshasa. Hemidactylus granchii Obbia Half-toed Gecko, (Granchi's Gecko) Obbia-Halbzehengecko Obbia-halvfingergekko 1978 Hemidactylus granchii Lanza Distribution: Somalia. Hemidactylus graniticolus Granite Half-toed Gecko Granit-Halbzehengecko Granit-halvfingergekko 2011 Hemidactylus graniticolus Agarwal, Giri & Bauer Remarks: Not mentioned for Telangana by Kumar & Srinivasulu (2022). Distribution: India (Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Tamil Nadu, Telangana). Hemidactylus granosus West Arabian Half-toed Gecko, (Heyden's Gecko) Westarabischer Halbzehengecko Vestarabisk Halvfingergekko 1827 Hemidactylus granosus Heyden Remarks: Previously regarded as a synonym of turcicus (e.g., Wermuth 1965). Revalidated as a separate species by Smid, Moravec, Kratochvil, Gvozdik, Nasher, Busais, Wilms, Shobrak & Carranza (2013). Distribution: Egypt (Sinai), Saudi Arabia. Hemidactylus granti Socotra Half-toed Gecko Gewöhnlicher Sokotra-Halbzehengecko Almindelig Socotra-halvfingergekko 1899 Hemidactylus granti Boulenger Distribution: Yemen (Socotra Archipelago: Socotra). Hemidactylus greeffi São Tomé Half-toed Gecko, (Greeff's Giant Gecko) São-Tome-Halbzehengecko São Tomé-halvfingergekko 1886 Hemidactylus greeffi Bocage Remarks: Now endemic to Sao Tome. Populations previously recorded from Principe are now considered a separate species, principensis (Miller, Sellas & Drewes 2012). Distribution: Sao Tome & Principe (Sao Tome, incl. Rolas Island). Hemidactylus gubanensis Guban Half-toed Gecko, Guban Gecko Guban-Halbzehengecko Guban-halvfingergekko 2024 Hemidactylus gubanensis Mazuch, Janák, Velenská, Nistri, Elmi & Smíd Distribution: Somalia. Hemidactylus gujaratensis Gujarat Half-toed Gecko Gujarat-Halbzehengecko Gujarat-halvfingergekko 2009 Hemidactylus gujaratensis Giri, Bauer, Vyas & Patil Distribution: India (Gujarat). Hemidactylus haitianus Caribbean Half-toed Gecko Karibischer Halbzehengecko Caribisk Halvfingergekko 1901 Hemidactylus brookii haitianus Meerwarth Hemidactylus haitianus Powell, Henderson, Adler & Dundee 1996 1911 Hemidactylus leightoni Boulenger (Bauer, Jackman, Greenbaum, Giri & Silva 2010, by implication) Hemidactylus brookii leightoni Kluge 1967 1936 Hemidactylus neotropicalis Shreve (Bauer, Jackman, Greenbaum, Giri & Silva 2010, by implication) Remarks: Regarded as a synonym of angulatus by Weiss & Hedges (2007), but as a species distinct from the angulatus-brookii complex by Bauer, Jackman, Greenbaum, Giri & Silva (2010), followed by others (e.g., McCranie 2015). Rivas Fuenmayor (2002), on the basis of a recommendation from R. Powell (in litt.) regarded leightoni as a species separate from haitianus as well as the angulatus-brookii complex. Pending further studies, all New World populations of this complex are treated herein as haitianus, thus restricting both angulatus and brookii to the eastern hemisphere. However, relationship with African (Gulf of Guinea) populations, from where it was most likely introduced during the slave trade, is unresolved. Introduced to: Colombia, Honduras, Panama, Trinidad & Tobago (Trinidad), Venezuela. Distribution: Cuba, Dominican Republic, Haiti, Hemidactylus hajarensis Hajar Mountains Half-toed Gecko Hajar-Halbzehengecko Hajar-halvfingergekko 2012 Hemidactylus hajarensis Carranza & Arnold Distribution: Oman. Hemidactylus hegdei Kanyakumari Half-toed Gecko Kanyakumari-Halbzehengecko Kanyakumari-halvfingergekko 2022 Hemidactylus hegdei Pal & Mirza Distribution: India (Tamil Nadu). Hemidactylus hemchandrai Bhandara Half-toed Gecko Bhandara-Halbzehengecko Bhandara-halvfingergekko 2015 Hemidactylus hemchandrai Dandge & Tiple Distribution: India (Maharashtra). Hemidactylus homoeolepis Socotra Even-scaled Gecko, (Arabian Leaf-toed Gecko, South Arabian Leaf-toed Gecko) Gleichschuppiger Sokotra-Halbzehengecko Ensskællet Socotra-halvfingergekko 1881 Hemidactylus homoeolepis Blanford Remarks: Now restricted to the Socotra Islands. Reports from Oman, mainland Yemen and Saudi Arabia refer to minutus or other, current undescribed, species (Vasconcelos & Carranza 2014). Distribution: Yemen (Socotra Archipelago [Darsa, Samha, Socotra]). Hemidactylus huluul Huluul Half-toed Gecko, Huluul Gecko Huluul-Halbzehengecko Huluul-halvfingergekko 2024 Hemidactylus huluul Mazuch, Janák, Velenská, Nistri, Elmi & Smíd Distribution: Somalia. Hemidactylus hunae Spotted Giant Half-toed Gecko Gefleckter Riesen-Halbzehengecko Plettet Kæmpe-halvfingergekko 1937 Hemidactylus maculatus hunae Deraniyagala Hemidactylus hunae Bauer, Jackman, Greenbaum, Giri & Silva 2010 Remarks: Endemic to Sri Lanka. Records from India refer to graniticolus and maculatus (Bauer, Jackman, Greenbaum, Giri & Silva 2010; Agarwal, Giri & Bauer 2011). Distribution: Sri Lanka. Hemidactylus imbricatus Sind Broad-tailed Gecko, Rough-scaled Viper Gecko, Carrot-tailed Viper Gecko, Banded Scaled Broad-tailed Gecko Rübenschwanz-Viperngecko Asiatisk Tykhalegekko 1853 Homonota fasciata Blyth [not Hemidactylus fasciatus Gray 1842] Teratolepis fasciata Boulenger 1885 2008 Hemidactylus imbricatus [substitute name for Homonota fasciata Blyth 1853] Bauer, Giri, Greenbaum, Jackman, Dharne & Shouche Remarks: Previously known as Teratolepis fasciatus. When Teratolepis was synonymized with Hemidactylus by Bauer, Giri, Greenbaum, Jackman, Dharne & Shouche (2008), a substitute name was needed to prevent confusion with its African congener Hemidactylus fasciatus. Presence in India needs confirmation (Giri & Bauer 2008), although reported from several places within the country (e.g., Tamil Nadu [Aengals 2009]). Distribution: Pakistan. Hemidactylus inexpectatus Ar Rumayliyah Half-toed Gecko, (Hammar-an-Nafur Leaf-toed Gecko) Ar-Rumayliyah-Halbzehengecko Ar Rumayliyah-halvfingergekko 2012 Hemidactylus inexpectatus Carranza & Arnold Distribution: Oman. Hemidactylus inintellectus Socotra Rock Gecko Sokotranischer Felsen-Halbzehengecko Socotransk Klippe-halvfingergekko 2009 Hemidactylus inintellectus Sindaco, Ziliani, Razzetti, Carugati, Grieco, Pupin, Al-Aseily, Pella & Fasola Distribution: Yemen (Socotra Archipelago: Socotra). Hemidactylus isolepis Ethiopian Even-scaled Gecko, Uniform-scaled Gecko, Scaly Gecko Äthiopischer Gleichschuppiger Halbzehengecko Ensskællet Etiopisk Halvfingergekko 1895 Hemidactylus isolepis Boulenger Teratolepis isolepis Parker 1942 Remarks: Smíd, Mazuch, Nováková, Modrý, Malonza, Elmi, Carranza & Moravec (2020) restricted isolepis to eastern Ethiopia and Somalia, stating that records from western Ethiopia, Kenya, and South Sudan refer to lanzai. However, Malonza & Bwong (2023) included records of both isolepis and lanzai from Kenya. Distribution: Ethiopia, Kenya, Somalia. Hemidactylus ituriensis Ituri Forest Gecko Ituri-Halbzehengecko Ituri-halvfingergekko 1919 Hemidactylus ituriensis Schmidt Hemidactylus fasciatus ituriensis Loveridge 1947 Remarks: Revalidated as a separate species by Leaché & Fujita (2010) and by Wagner, Leaché & Fujita (2014). Distribution: Congo-Kinshasa. Hemidactylus jubensis Juba Half-toed Gecko, Ethiopian Gecko Juba-Halbzehengecko Juba-halvfingergekko 1895 Hemidactylus jubensis Boulenger Distribution: Ethiopia. Hemidactylus jumailiae Ibb Half-toed Gecko Ibb-Halbzehengecko Ibb-halvfingergekko 2011 Hemidactylus jumailiae Busais & Joger Distribution: Yemen. Hemidactylus kamdemtohami Mount Iboundji Half-toed Gecko, (Kamdem Toham's Forest Gecko, Kamdem Toham's Half-toed Gecko) Iboundji-Halbzehengecko Iboundji-halvfingergekko 2002 Hemidactylus kamdemtohami Bauer & Pauwels Remarks: The single record of Hemidactylus kamdemtohami from Equatorial Guinea, which was based on a photograph, needs confirmation, as it may have been misidentified (Sánchez-Vialas, Calvo-Revuelta & Riva 2022). May also occur in Congo-Brazzaville. Distribution: Cameroon, Equatorial Guinea (Rio Muni), Gabon. Hemidactylus kangerensis Kanger Valley Half-toed Gecko, Kanger Valley Rock Gecko Kanger-Halbzehengecko Kanger-halvfingergekko 2017 Hemidactylus kangerensis Mirza, Bhosale & Patil Distribution: India (Andhra Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Telangana). Hemidactylus karenorum Burmese Half-toed Gecko, Burmese Leaf-toed Gecko, Burmese Spotted Gecko Burmesischer Halbzehengecko Burmesisk Halvfingergekko 1868 Doryura karenorum Theobald Hemidactylus karenorum Boulenger 1885 Remarks: Although often listed in the literature for Borneo and India, occurence of karenorum outside Burma is erroneous or doubtful (Mahony & Zug 2008; Zug, Vindum & Koo 2007; Venugopal 2010). Also reported from Vietnam (e.g., Ziegler, Herrmann, Vu, Le, Nguyen, Cao, Luu & Dinh 2004; Nguyen, Ho & Nguyen 2009), but these records are also considered doubtful. Distribution: Myanmar. Hemidactylus kimbulae Crocodile Rock Gecko Krokodil-Halbzehengecko Krokodille-halvfingergekko 2021 Hemidactylus kimbulae Amarasinghe, Karunarathna, Campbell, Madawala & Silva Distribution: Sri Lanka. Hemidactylus klauberi Gelib Half-toed Gecko, (Klauber's Gecko) Gelib-Halbzehengecko Gelib-halvfingergekko 1948 Hemidactylus klauberi Scortecci Distribution: Somalia. Hemidactylus kolliensis Kollimalai Half-toed Gecko, Kolli Rock Gecko Kollimalai-Halbzehengecko Kollimalai-halvfingergekko 2019 Hemidactylus kolliensis Agarwal, Bauer, Giri & Khandekar Distribution: India (Tamil Nadu). Hemidactylus kundaensis Kunda Half-toed Gecko Kunda-Halbzehengecko Kunda-halvfingergekko 2012 Hemidactylus kundaensis Chirio & Trape in Trape, Trape & Chirio Distribution: Guinea. Hemidactylus kurdicus Kurdish Half-toed Gecko Kurdischer Halbzehengecko Kurdisk Halvfingergekko 2017 Hemidactylus kurdicus Safaei-Mahroo, Ghaffari, Ghafoor & Amini Distribution: Iraq. Hemidactylus kushmorensis Kushmore House Gecko, Kushmoor Spotted Gecko Kushmore-Halbzehengecko Kushmore-halvfingergekko 1884 Hemidactylus kushmorensis Murray Remarks: Previously regarded as a synonym of brookii (e.g., Wermuth 1965). Revalidated by Mahony (2011). Records of brookii from Bhutan was suggested to belong to kushmorensis (Wangyal & Das 2021), but this needs confirmation. Distribution: Pakistan. Hemidactylus kyaboboensis Kyabobo Half-toed Gecko Kyabobo-Halbzehengecko Kyabobo-halvfingergekko 2014 Hemidactylus kyaboboensis Wagner, Leaché & Fujita Distribution: Ghana, Togo. Hemidactylus laevis Smooth Half-toed Gecko, Somaliland Mountain Gecko Kleinschuppiger Halbzehengecko Finskællet Halvfingergekko 1901 Hemidactylus laevis Boulenger Remarks: Rediscovered after more than hundred years since its discovery (Mazuch, Smid & Bauer 2016). Distribution: Somalia. Hemidactylus lamaensis Lama Forest Half-toed Gecko Lama-Halbzehengecko Lama-halvfingergekko 2010 Hemidactylus lamaensis Ullenbruch, Grell & Böhme Distribution: Benin. Hemidactylus lankae Sri Lanka Half-toed Gecko Srilankanischer Halbzehengecko Srilankansk Halvfingergekko 1953 Hemidactylus triedrus lankae Deraniyagala Hemidactylus lankae Bauer, Jackman, Greenbaum, Giri & Silva 2010 Remarks: Status uncertain. Treated as a nomen dubium by Mirza, Gowande, Patil, Ambekar & Patel (2018), since the types are missing or lost. Distribution: India (Tamil Nadu), Sri Lanka. Hemidactylus lankae © Henrik Bringsøe Hemidactylus lanzai Lake Chew Bahir Half-toed Gecko, (Lanza's Gecko) Chew-Bahir-Halbzehengecko Chew Bahir-halvfingergekko 2020 Hemidactylus lanzai Smíd, Mazuch, Nováková, Modrý, Malonza, Elmi, Carranza & Moravec Remarks: Previously regarded as a population of isolepis. Distribution: Kenya, Ethiopia, South Sudan. Hemidactylus laticaudatus Broad-tailed Half-toed Gecko, (Andersson's Gecko) Breitschwanz-Halbzehengecko Bredhalet Halvfingergekko 1910 Hemidactylus laticaudatus Andersson 1928 Hemidactylus fossatii Scortecci (Loveridge 1947) Distribution: Eritrea, Ethiopia. Hemidactylus lavadeserticus Lava Desert Half-toed Gecko Lava-Halbzehengecko Lava-halvfingergekko 1997 Hemidactylus turcicus lavadeserticus Moravec & Böhme Hemidactylus lavadeserticus Moravec, Kratochvil, Amr, Jandzik, Smid & Gvozdik 2011 Remarks: Previously regarded as a subspecies of turcicus. Raised to species status by Moravec, Kratochvil, Amr, Jandzik, Smid & Gvozdik (2011). Presence in Jordan needs confirmation, according to Amr, Modry, Baker, Qarqas, Zaidanyen & Moravec (2007), however, the country is included in the distribution herein, based on Carranza & Arnold (2006) and Disi, Amr & Hamidan (2014). Distribution: Jordan, Syria. Hemidactylus lemurinus Dhofar Half-toed Gecko, (Dhofar Leaf-toed Gecko, Oman Ghost Leaf-toed Gecko) Dhofar-Halbzehengecko Dhofar-halvfingergekko 1980 Hemidactylus lemurinus Arnold Distribution: Oman, Yemen. Hemidactylus leschenaultii Tamarind Tree Gecko, Common Bark Gecko, Indian Bark Gecko, (Leschenault's Leaf-toed Gecko) Tamarind-Halbzehengecko Tamarind-halvfingergekko 1836 Hemidactylus leschenaultii Dumeril & Bibron 1845 Hemidactylus bellii Gray (Wermuth 1965) 1856 Hemidactylus pustulosus Lichtenstein (Wermuth 1965) 1868 Hemidactylus kelaarti Theobald (Wermuth 1965) 1870 Hemidactylus marmoratus Blanford [not Hemidactylus marmoratus Hallowell 1861] (Wermuth 1965) Introduced to: Oman. Distribution: Bangladesh, India (Andaman & Nicobar Islands [Andaman Islands: South Andaman], Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Goa, Gujarat, Jharkhand, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Odisha, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, Telangana, Uttarakhand, West Bengal), Pakistan, Sri Lanka. Hemidactylus leschenaultii © Henrik Bringsøe Hemidactylus longicephalus Long-headed Half-toed Gecko, Long-headed Tropical House Gecko, Long-headed Gecko Langkopf-Halbzehengecko Langhovedet Halvfingergekko 1873 Hemidactylus longicephalus Bocage 1873 Hemidactylus longiceps O'Shaughnessy [not Hemidactylus longiceps Cope 1869; substitute name for Hemidactylus longicephalus Bocage 1873] (Wermuth 1965) 1885 Hemidactylus bocagii Boulenger [substitute name for Hemidactylus longiceps O'Shaughnessy 1873; not Cope 1869] (Wermuth 1965) 1892 Hemidactylus mabouia var. molleri Bedriaga (syn. Ceríaco, Agarwal, Marques & Bauer 2020) Hemidactylus molleri Ceríaco, Marques & Bauer 2018 1901 Hemidactylus hecqui Boulenger (Wermuth 1965) 1902 Hemidactylus steindachneri Tornier (Wermuth 1965) Remarks: Regarded as a synonym of muriceus by Perret (1975), but this arrangement has not been followed by subsequent authors (e.g., Kluge 2001). Records from Namibia refer to benguellensis (Ceríaco, Agarwal, Marques & Bauer 2020). Distribution: Angola (incl. Cabinda), Cameroon, Central African Republic, Congo-Brazzaville, Congo-Kinshasa, Equatorial Guinea (Rio Muni), Sao Tome & Principe (Sao Tome). Hemidactylus lopezjuradoi Fogo Half-toed Gecko Fogo-Halbzehengecko Fogo-halvfingergekko 2008 Hemidactylus lopezjuradoi Arnold, Vasconcelos, Harris, Mateo & Carranza Distribution: Cape Verde (Fogo). Hemidactylus luqueorum Jebel Akhdar Half-toed Gecko, (Jebel Akhdar Leaf-toed Gecko) Jebel-Akhdar-Halbzehengecko Jebel Akhdar-halvfingergekko 2012 Hemidactylus luqueorum Carranza & Arnold Distribution: Oman. Hemidactylus mabouia Cosmopolitan House Gecko, Tropical House Gecko, African Half-toed House Gecko, Amerafrican House Gecko, Wood Slave Gecko, African Wood Slave, (Common House Gecko, Moreau's Tropical House Gecko) Brauner Halbzehengecko Tropisk Halvfingergekko 1818 Gecko mabouia Moreau de Jonnès Hemidactylus mabouia Guichenot 1855 1824 Gekko armatus Wied (Cei 1993) 1824 Gekko incanescens Wied (Cei 1993) 1825 Gecko aculeatus Spix [not Gekko aculeatus Houttuyn 1782] (Cei 1993) 1825 Gecko cruciger Spix (Cei 1993) 1826 Hemidactylus tuberculosus Fitzinger (Cei 1993) 1829 Gecko mabuia Cuvier [substitute name for Gecko mabouia Moreau de Jonnès 1818] (Wermuth 1965) 1868 Hemidactylus exaspis Cope (Cei 1993) 1878 Hemidactylus frenatus var. calabaricus Boettger (Wermuth 1965) 1909 Hemidactylus gardineri Boulenger (Broadley 1977; Broadley & Howell 1991) 1928 Hemidactylus persimilis Barbour & Loveridge (Broadley 1977) 1936 Hemidactylus mandanus Loveridge (Broadley 1977) Remarks: Previously included benguellensis, gardineri, mercatorius, platycephalus, and tasmani. Records from the Comoro Archipelago and Madagascar (e.g., Angel 1942; Broadley 1977; Cheke 1984; Glaw & Vences 1992; Wermuth 1965) refer to mercatorius and platycephalus (Glaw & Vences 2007; Hawlitschek, Bruckmann, Berger, Green & Glaw 2011). Records from the Seychelles are tentatively regarded as representing mercatorius. A single record from Uruguay is regarded as doubtful (Vanzolini 1978). Introduced to: Anguilla (Anguilla Island), Antigua & Barbuda (Antigua, Barbuda, Redonda), Argentina, Aruba, Bahamas (incl. Great Inagua Bank [incl. Great Inagua]), Barbados, Bolivia, Bonaire, Brazil (Acre, Alagoas, Amapa, Amazonas, Bahia, Ceara, Distrito Federal, Espirito Santo [incl. Trindade Island], Goias, Maranhao, Mato Grosso, Mato Grosso do Sul, Minas Gerais, Para [incl. Marajo Island], Paraiba, Parana, Pernambuco [incl. Fernando do Noronha], Piaui, Rio de Janeiro, Rio Grande do Norte, Rio Grande do Sul, Rondonia, Roraima, Santa Catarina, Sao Paulo [incl. Queimada Grande], Sergipe, Tocantins), British Virgin Islands (Anegada), Cape Verde, Cayman Islands (Grand Cayman), Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Curacao, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Equatorial Guinea (Annobon, Bioko, Rio Muni), French Guiana, Grenada, Guadeloupe (incl. Desirade, Iles de la Petite Terre [incl. Terre-de-Bas], Iles des Saintes, Marie-Galante), Guyana, Haiti, Honduras (incl. Islas de la Bahia [Guanaja]), Jamaica, Martinique, Mexico (Veracruz), Montserrat, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Portugal (incl. Madeira), Puerto Rico (incl. Culebra, Mona, Vieques), Reunion, Saba, Saint Barthelemy, Saint Kitts & Nevis (Nevis, Saint Kitts), Saint Lucia, Saint Martin, Saint Vincent & the Grenadines (incl. Union Island, Saint Vincent), Sao Tome & Principe (Principe, Rolas Island, Sao Tome), Sint Eustatius, Somalia, South Africa (Eastern Cape, Free State, Gauteng), Surinam, Tanzania (Mafia, Pemba, Zanzibar), Trinidad & Tobago (Tobago, Trinidad), Turks & Caicos Islands (Caicos Islands, Turks Islands), U.S. Virgin Islands (incl. St. Croix), Uruguay, USA (Alabama, California, Florida, Maryland), Venezuela (incl. Isla Margarita). Distribution: SubSaharan Africa. Reported from: Angola (incl. Cabinda), Benin, Botswana, Burundi, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Congo-Brazzaville, Congo-Kinshasa, Equatorial Guinea (Rio Muni), Eswatini, Gabon, Ghana, Guinea, Ivory Coast, Juan de Nova, Kenya, Liberia, Malawi, Mali, Mozambique (incl. Bazaruto Archipelago), Namibia, Nigeria, Rwanda, Senegal, Sierra Leone, South Africa (KwaZulu-Natal, Limpopo, Mpumalanga, North West Province), Tanzania, Togo, Uganda, Zambia, Zimbabwe. Hemidactylus mabouia © Henrik Bringsøe Hemidactylus macropholis Large-scaled Warty Gecko, (Boulenger's Gecko) Grossschuppiger Halbzehengecko Storskællet Halvfingergekko 1896 Hemidactylus macropholis Boulenger Hemidactylus turcicus macropholis Loveridge 1947 Remarks: Revalidated as a separate species by Lanza (1978). Distribution: Ethiopia, Kenya, Somalia. Hemidactylus maculatus Dark-spotted Giant Gecko, Spotted Rock Gecko, (Rock Gecko) Dunkelgefleckter Halbzehengecko Mørkplettet Halvfingergekko 1836 Hemidactylus maculatus Dumeril & Bibron 1864 Hemidactylus sykesii Günther (Wermuth 1965) Remarks: Previously included hunae and the populations now assigned to acanthopholis, graniticolus, and kangerensis. Distribution: India (Goa, Gujarat, Karnataka, Kerala, Maharashtra). Hemidactylus mahonyi Sandur Hills Half-toed Gecko Sandur-Halbzehengecko Sandur-halvfingergekko 2022 Hemidactylus mahonyi Adhikari, Achyuthan, Kumar, Khot, Shreeram & Ganesh Distribution: India (Karnataka). Hemidactylus makolowodei Northwest Cameroon Half-toed Gecko, (Makolowode's Gecko) Nordwestkamerunischer Halbzehengecko Nordvestcamerounsk Halvfingergekko 2006 Hemidactylus makolowodei Bauer, LeBreton, Chirion, Ineich & Talla Kouete Distribution: Cameroon. Hemidactylus malcolmsmithi Himachal Half-toed Gecko, (Smith's Rock Gecko) Himachal-Halbzehengecko Himachal-halvfingergekko 1949 Gymnodactylus malcolmsmithi Constable Cyrtodactylus malcolmsmithi Underwood 1954 Gonydactylus malcolmsmithi Kluge 1991 Hemidactylus malcolmsmithi Agarwal, Giri & Bauer 2018 Remarks: The type locality ("Beas Riv. Basin" = Beas River Basin) was supposed to be in Punjab by Constable (1949) and Wermuth (1965), but may as well have been in Himachal Pradesh (Agarwal, Giri & Bauer 2018). The latter authors did not include Punjab in the distribution of the species. Distribution: India (Himachal Pradesh, Jammu & Kashmir, Maharashtra, Odisha, Punjab, Rajasthan). Hemidactylus mandebensis Taizz Half-toed Gecko Taizz-Halbzehengecko Taizz-halvfingergekko 2015 Hemidactylus mandebensis Smid, Moravec, Kratochvil, Nasher, Masuch, Gvozdik & Carranza Distribution: Yemen. Hemidactylus marmoratus Riu Kiu Half-toed Gecko Riu-Kiu-Halbzehengecko Riu Kiu-halvfingergekko 1861 Hemidactylus marmoratus Hallowell Remarks: Status uncertain, as the type specimen is lost. Possibly conspecific with Gekko hokouensis, according to the Reptile Database (reptile-database.reptarium.cz, viewed April 17, 2013). Distribution: Japan (Ryukyu Islands). Hemidactylus masirahensis Masirah Island Half-toed Gecko Masirah-Halbzehengecko Masirah-halvfingergekko 2012 Hemidactylus masirahensis Carranza & Arnold Distribution: Oman (Masirah). Hemidactylus matschiei Adele Half-toed Gecko, (Matschie's Half-toed Gecko) Adele-Halbzehengecko Adele-halvfingergekko 1901 Bunocnemis matschiei Tornier Teratolepis matschiei Parker 1942 Hemidactylus matschiei Loveridge 1947 Distribution: Nigeria, Togo. Hemidactylus megalops Large-eyed Half-toed Gecko, (Parker's Gecko) Grossaugen-Halbzehengecko Storøjet Halvfingergekko 1932 Hemidactylus megalops Parker Distribution: Somalia. Hemidactylus mercatorius Farquhar Half-toed Gecko Farquhar-Halbzehengecko Farquhar-halvfingergekko 1842 Hemidactylus mercatorius Gray 1909 Hemidactylus gardineri Boulenger (Loveridge 1953) Remarks: Often regarded as a synonym of mabouia in older literature (e.g., Broadley 1977), but as a separate species in most recent literature (e.g., Rocha, Carretero & Harris 2005; Carranza & Arnold 2006; Glaw & Vences 2007). Introduced to: Ascension, Cape Verde (Santo Antao, Sao Vicente), Comoro Islands (Anjouan, Grande Comoro, Moheli), Europa Island, Mauritius (incl. Rodrigues), Mayotte, Reunion. Distribution: Madagascar (incl. Nosy Be), Mozambique, Seychelles (incl. Aldabra). Hemidactylus mindiae Mount Sinai Half-toed Gecko, Mount Sinai Gecko Sinai-Halbzehengecko Sinai-halvfingergekko 2005 Hemidactylus mindiae Baha el Din Distribution: Egypt (Sinai), Jordan, Saudi Arabia. Hemidactylus minutus Dwarf Half-toed Gecko Zwerg-Halbzehengecko Dværg-halvfingergekko 2014 Hemidactylus minutus Vasconcelos & Carranza Remarks: This species was previously regarded as populations of homoeolepis (Vasconcelos & Carranza 2014). Distribution: Oman, Yemen. Hemidactylus modestus Tana River Gecko Tana-Halbzehengecko Tana-halvfingergekko 1894 Bunocnemis modestus Günther Teratolepis modesta Parker 1942 Hemidactylus modestus Loveridge 1947 Distribution: Kenya, Somalia. Hemidactylus montanus Mountain Half-toed Gecko Gebirgs-Halbzehengecko Bjerg-halvfingergekko 2011 Hemidactylus yerburii montanus Busais & Joger Hemidactylus montanus Smíd, Shobrak, Wilms, Joger & Carranza 2016 Distribution: Saudi Arabia, Yemen. Hemidactylus mrimaensis Kaya Half-toed Gecko, Kaya Gecko Kaya-Halbzehengecko Kaya-halvfingergekko 2014 Hemidactylus mrimaensis Malonza & Bauer Distribution: Kenya. Hemidactylus multisulcatus Madurai Rock Gecko Madurai-Felsentaggecko Madurai-klippedaggekko 2023 Hemidactylus multisulcatus Sayyed, Kirubakaran, Khot, Adhikari, Sayyed, Sayyed, Purkayastha, Deshpande & Sulakhe Distribution: India (Tamil Nadu). Hemidactylus muriceus Prickly Half-toed Gecko, White-tailed Forest Gecko, Guinean Spiny Tropical Gecko Weissschwanz-Halbzehengecko Hvidhalet Halvfingergekko 1870 Hemidactylus muriceus Peters 1897 Hemidactylus intestinalis Werner (Henle & Böhme 2003) Remarks: This species has a history of confusion with other species of the genus, and older records should been used with caution. Henle & Böhme (2003) clarified the status of the species, but did not examine all available museum material. The records of intestinalis from Cameroon (LeBreton, Chirion & Foguekem 2003) refer to ansorgii (Bauer, LeBreton, Chirion, Ineich & Talla Kouete 2006). Records from Angola refer to nzingae (Ceríaco, Agarwal, Marques & Bauer 2020). Distribution: Benin, Cameroon, Congo-Brazzaville, Congo-Kinshasa, Equatorial Guinea (Rio Muni), Gabon, Ghana, Guinea, Ivory Coast, Liberia, Nigeria, Togo. Hemidactylus murrayi Pimpri Half-toed Gecko Pimpri-Halbzehengecko Pimpri-halvfingergekko 1887 Hemidactylus murrayi Gleadow Remarks: Previously regarded as a synonym of brookii (e.g., Wermuth 1965). Mahony (2011) considered the status of murrayi to be unclear, but unlikely to be conspecific with brookii. Revalidated as a separate species by Lajmi, Giri & Karanth (2016). This was not followed by Grismer & Quah (2019), who did not include the species for West Malaysia. Distribution: Bhutan, East Timor, India (Goa, Gujarat, Karnataka, Kerala, Maharashtra, Telangana), Malaysia (Sarawak, West Malaysia [Penang Island]), Myanmar. Hemidactylus newtoni Annobon Half-toed Gecko Annobon-Halbzehengecko Annobon-halvfingergekko 1897 Hemidactylus newtoni Ferreira Distribution: Equatorial Guinea (Annobon). Hemidactylus nicolauensis Sao Nicolau Half-toed Gecko Sao-Nicolau-Halbzehengecko Sao Nicolau-halvfingergekko 2020 Hemidactylus nicolauensis Vasconcelos, Köhler, Geniez & Crochet Remarks: Previously regarded as a population of bouvieri (e.g., Köhler, Hertz, Sunyer & Monteiro 2007; Arnold, Vasconcelos, Harris, Mateo & Carranza 2008; Vasconcelos, Brito, Carranza & Harris 2013). Distribution: Cape Verde (Sao Nicolau). Hemidactylus nzingae Cangandala Half-toed Gecko, (Queen Nzinga’s Tropical Gecko) Cangandala-Halbzehengecko Cangandala-halvfingergekko 2020 Hemidactylus nzingae Ceríaco, Agarwal, Marques & Bauer 2020 Hemidactylus hannasabinae Ceríaco, Agarwal, Marques & Bauer (syn. Lobón-Rovira, Conradie, Iglesias, Ernst, Veríssimo, Baptista & Vaz Pinto 2021) Distribution: Angola. Hemidactylus ophiolepis Awash Imbricate-scaled Gecko, Snake-scaled Gecko Äthiopischer Halbzehengecko Etiopisk Halvfingergekko 1903 Hemidactylus ophiolepis Boulenger Teratolepis ophiolepis Parker 1942 Distribution: Ethiopia. Hemidactylus ophiolepoides Eastern Snake-scaled Gecko, Somaliland Ground Gecko, (Lanza's Gecko) Schlangenschuppen-Halbzehengecko Slangeskæls-halvfingergekko 1978 Hemidactylus ophiolepoides Lanza Distribution: Ethiopia, Somalia. Hemidactylus oxyrhinus Sharp-nosed Half-toed Gecko Spitzschnäuzige Halbzehengecko Spidssnudet Halvfingergekko 1899 Hemidactylus oxyrhinus Boulenger Distribution: Yemen (Socotra Archipelago: Abd al Kuri). Hemidactylus paaragowli Agastyamalai Half-toed Gecko Agastyamalai-Halbzehengecko Agastyamalai-halvfingergekko 2018 Hemidactylus paaragowli Srikanthan, Swamy, Mohan & Pal Distribution: India (Kerala). Hemidactylus paivae Malanje Half-toed Gecko, (Paiva’s Gecko) Malanje-Halbzehengecko Malanje-halvfingergekko 2020 Hemidactylus paivae Ceríaco, Agarwal, Marques & Bauer Distribution: Angola. Hemidactylus pakkamalaiensis Pakkamalai Half-toed Gecko, Pakkamalai Rock Gecko Pakkamalai-Halbzehengecko Pakkamalai-halvfingergekko 2023 Hemidactylus pakkamalaiensis Narayanan, Christopher, Raman, Mukherjee, Prabhu, Lenin, Vimalraj & Deepak Distribution: India (Tamil Nadu). Hemidactylus palaichthus Guyana Half-toed Gecko, Antilles Leaf-toed Gecko, Maria Islands Leaf-toed Gecko, Spiny House Gecko Guyana-Halbzehengecko Guyana-halvfingergekko 1969 Hemidactylus palaichthus Kluge Hemidactylus brookii palaichthus Mertens 1972 Remarks: Although regarded as a subspecies of brookii by Mertens (1972), most authors have retained its specific status (e.g., Schwartz & Henderson 1988). Introduced to: Saint Lucia. Distribution: Brazil (Amazonas, Roraima), Colombia, Guyana, Saint Lucia (incl. Maria Islands), Surinam, Trinidad & Tobago (Tobago, Trinidad), Venezuela. Hemidactylus parvimaculatus Small-spotted Half-toed Gecko Gepunkteter Halbzehengecko Spættet Halvfingergekko 1953 Hemidactylus brookii parvimaculatus Deraniyagala Hemidactylus parvimaculatus Bauer, Jackman, Greenbaum, Giri & Silva 2010 Remarks: Maldives records of a species of the brookii complex are tentatively regarded as an introduced population of parvimaculatus, as suggested by Bauer, Jackman, Greenbaum, Silva, Giri & Das (2010). Not mentioned for Kerala by Palot (2015). Introduced to: Comoro Islands (Anjouan, Moheli), Maldives, Mauritius (Mauritius Island, Rodrigues), Reunion, Seychelles (Desroches), Thailand, USA (Louisiana). Distribution: India (Andhra Pradesh, Goa, Karnataka, Kerala, Odisha, Tamil Nadu, Telangana), Sri Lanka. Hemidactylus parvimaculatus © Henrik Bringsøe Hemidactylus paucifasciatus Few-banded Termite Hill Gecko Chota-Nagpur-Termitengecko Chota Nagpur-termitgekko 2023 Hemidactylus paucifasciatus Mohapatra, Agarwal, Mohalik, Dutta & Khandekar Distribution: India (Odisha). Hemidactylus pauciporosus Galgala Half-toed Gecko, North Somali House Gecko Galgala-Halbzehengecko Galgala-halvfingergekko 1978 Hemidactylus yerburii pauciporosus Lanza Hemidactylus pauciporosus Smíd, Shobrak, Wilms, Joger & Carranza 2016 Distribution: Somalia. Hemidactylus paucituberculatus Khor Sawli Half-toed Gecko, (Central Dhofar Leaf-toed Gecko) Khor-Sawli-Halbzehengecko Khor Sawli-halvfingergekko 2012 Hemidactylus paucituberculatus Carranza & Arnold Distribution: Oman. Hemidactylus persicus Persian Half-toed Gecko, Persian House Gecko Persischer Halbzehengecko Persisk Halvfingergekko 1872 Hemidactylus persicus Anderson Remarks: Previously included bornmuelleri. Distribution: Bahrain, India (Gujarat, Rajasthan), Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Oman, Pakistan, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates. Hemidactylus pfindaensis Chiloando Half-toed Gecko Chiloando-Halbzehengecko Chiloando-halvfingergekko 2021 Hemidactylus pfindaensis Lobón-Rovira, Conradie, Iglesias, Ernst, Veríssimo, Baptista & Vaz Pinto Remarks: Previously regarded as a populations of paivae (e.g., Ernst, Lautenschläger, Branquima & Hölting 2020). Distribution: Angola. Hemidactylus pieresii Gannoruwa Half-toed Gecko Gannoruwa-Halbzehengecko Gannoruwa-halvfingergekko 1852 Hemidactylus pieresii Kelaart Remarks: Previously regarded as a synonym of depressus (e.g., Smith 1935; Wermuth 1965). Revalidated by Batuwita & Pethiyagoda (2012). Distribution: Sri Lanka. Hemidactylus platycephalus Flat-headed Tropical House Gecko, Baobab Gecko, (Tree Gecko) Flachkopf Halbzehengecko, Thailändischer Hausgecko Fladhovedet Halvfingergekko 1854 Hemidactylus platycephalus Peters Remarks: Previously regarded as a synonym of mabouia (e.g., Loveridge 1947; Wermuth 1965). Revalidated by Broadley (1977). The Madagascar population may have been introduced (Glaw & Vences 2007). Introduced to: Comoro Islands (Anjouan, Grande Comoro, Moheli), Mayotte, Mozambique (Bazaruto Archipelago: Benguerua). Distribution: Ethiopia, Juan de Nova, Kenya, Madagascar (incl. Nosy Be), Malawi, Mozambique, Somalia, Tanzania (incl. Mafia, Pemba, Zanzibar), Zambia, Zimbabwe. Hemidactylus platyurus Flat-tailed Gecko, Asian Flat-tailed House Gecko, Flat-bodied House Gecko, Common Frilly Gecko, (Frilled House Gecko, Sikkimese Garden Gecko) Flachschwanz-Halbzehengecko Fladhalet Halvfingergekko 1792 Stellio platyurus Schneider Gekko platyurus Merrem 1820 Hemidactylus platyurus Fitzinger 1826 Lomatodactylus platyurus van der Hoeven 1833 Hoplopodion platyurum Fitzinger 1843 Crossurus platyurus Girard 1858 Cosymbotus platyurus Steindachner 1867 Nycteridium platyurus Theobald 1868 Platyurus platyurus Smith 1935 Gehyra platyura Deraniyagala 1953 Hemidactylus platyurus Carranza & Arnold 2006 1802 Lacerta schneideriana Shaw (Bauer 1994) 1804 Lacerta tjitja Ljungh (Bauer 2000) 1829 Gecko marginatus Cuvier (Bauer 1994) 1864 Nycteridium schneideri Günther (Bauer 1994) 1871 Nycteridium himalayanum Anderson (Bauer 1994) 1907 Hemidactylus nepalensis Annandale (Bauer 1994) Remarks: Erroneously recorded from Hong Kong (e.g., Smith 1935), but found only 40-50 km north of Hong Kong, so the species may occur there (Karsen, Lau & Bogadek 1998). Although reported from the Nicobar Islands by Tiwari & Biswas (1973), presence in these islands needs confirmation (Gokulakrishnan, Sivaperuman & Chandramouli 2020). Introduced to: Indonesia (Western New Guinea), New Zealand, USA (Florida). Distribution: Bangladesh, Bhutan, Brunei, Cambodia, China (Guangdong, Tibet), East Timor, Guam, India (Andaman & Nicobar Islands [Andaman Islands], Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Nagaland, Tripura, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal), Indonesia (Aru Islands, Bali, Bangka, Belitung, Besar, Buton, Ende, Flores, Groot-Bastaard, Halmahera, Java, Kai Islands, Kalimantan, Kangean Islands, Karimunjawa Islands, Komodo, Lingga Islands, Lombok, Nias, Penida, Riau Islands, Rinca, Savu, Sebuku, Sula Islands, Sulawesi, Sumatra, Sumba, Sumbawa, Western New Guinea), Laos, Malaysia (Sabah, Sarawak, West Malaysia [incl. Langkawi Archipelago, Penang Island, Perhentian Islands, Seribuat Archipelago (incl. Aur, Tioman)]), Myanmar, Nepal, Philippines (Apo, Babuyan Islands, Camiguin Norte, Bohol, Calamian Islands [Calauit], Camiguin Sur, Carabao, Catanduanes, Cebu, Dinagat, Leyte, Lubang, Luzon, Maestre de Campo, Marinduque, Mindanao, Negros, Panay, Samar, Sibuyan, Siquijor, Sulu Islands [Bongao, Jolo, Sibutu, Sitanki, Simunul, Tawi-Tawi], Tablas), Singapore, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Vietnam. Hemidactylus platyurus © Rune Midtgaard Hemidactylus prashadi Prashad Half-toed Gecko, Prashad Brown Gecko Prashad-Halbzehengecko Prashad-halvfingergekko 1935 Hemidactylus prashadi Smith Remarks: A record from Andhra Pradesh (Saratchandra & Narasimhamurti 1982) is based on a misidentified gecko, which may represent leschenaulti (Giri & Bauer 2006). Distribution: India (Goa, Karnataka, Kerala, Maharashtra). Hemidactylus prashadi © Amit_Sayyed Hemidactylus principensis Principe Half-toed Gecko Principe-Halbzehengecko Principe-halvfingergekko 2012 Hemidactylus principensis Miller, Sellas & Drewes Remarks: Previously regarded as a population of greeffi (Miller, Sellas & Drewes 2012). Distribution: Sao Tome & Principe (Principe, Tinhosa Grande Islet). Hemidactylus pseudomuriceus Azagny Half-toed Gecko, Western Forest Gecko Azagny-Halbzehengecko Azagny-halvfingergekko 2003 Hemidactylus pseudomuriceus Henle & Böhme Distribution: Cameroon, Central African Republic, Congo-Brazzaville, Ivory Coast. Hemidactylus pseudoromeshkanicus Andimeshk Half-toed Gecko Andimeshk-Halbzehengecko Andimeshk-halvfingergekko 2019 Hemidactylus pseudoromeshkanicus Torki Distribution: Iran. Hemidactylus puccionii Somali Plain Gecko, (Puccioni's Gecko) Somalischer Wüsten-Halbzehengecko Somalisk Ørken-halvfingergekko 1927 Hemidactylus puccionii Calabresi Remarks: Previously regarded as a possible synonym of turcicus (e.g., Parker 1942). Regarded as a valid species by Wermuth (1965) and Lanza (1978, 1990). Introduced to: Tanzania (Zanzibar). Distribution: Somalia. Hemidactylus pumilio Pygmy Half-toed Gecko Pygmäen-Halbzehengecko Pygmæ-halvfingergekko 1899 Hemidactylus pumilus Boulenger [not Hemidactylus pumilus Hallowell 1860] 1899 Hemidactylus pumilio Boulenger [substitute name for Hemidactylus pumilus Boulenger 1899] Distribution: Yemen (Socotra Archipelago: Socotra). Hemidactylus quartziticolus Manakkarai Half-toed Gecko Manakkarai-Halbzehengecko Manakkarai-halvfingergekko 2023 Hemidactylus quartziticolus Khandekar, Thackeray, Mariappan, Gangalmale, Waghe, Pawar & Agarwal Distribution: India (Tamil Nadu). Hemidactylus raya Deccan Half-toed Gecko, Deccan Giant Leaf-toed Gecko Dekkan-Halbzehengecko Deccan-halvfingergekko 2022 Hemidactylus raya Kumar, Srinivasulu & Srinivasulu Remarks: Previously regarded as a population of giganteus (Kumar, Srinivasulu & Srinivasulu 2022). Distribution: India (Karnataka). Hemidactylus reticulatus Reticulated Half-toed Gecko, Reticulated Gecko Netz-Halbzehengecko Net-halvfingergekko 1870 Hemidactylus reticulatus Beddome Remarks: Not listed for Chhattisgarh by Ahmed, Basak, Sarkar, Suraj & Babarta (2021). Distribution: India (Andhra Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Goa, Himachal Pradesh, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, Telangana). Hemidactylus richardsonii Central African Half-toed Gecko, (Richardson's Forest Gecko, Richardson's Tree Gecko, Richardson's Half-toed Gecko) Zentralafrikanischer Halbzehengecko Centralafrikansk Halvfingergekko 1845 Velernesia richardsonii Gray Hemidactylus richardsonii Boulenger 1885 Remarks: Cisse's (1974) record from Senegal refers to brookii (Böhme 1978). Distribution: Cameroon, Central African Republic, Congo-Brazzaville, Congo-Kinshasa, Equatorial Guinea (Rio Muni), Gabon, Nigeria, Uganda. Hemidactylus rishivalleyensis Rishi Valley Half-toed Gecko, Rishi Valley Rock Gecko Rishi-Valley-Halbzehengecko Rishi Valley-halvfingergekko 2020 Hemidactylus rishivalleyensis Agarwal, Thackeray & Khandekar Distribution: India (Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Tamil Nadu). Hemidactylus robustus Red Sea Half-toed Gecko, Somali Plain Gecko, (Red Sea Gecko, Heyden's Gecko) Rote-Meer-Halbzehengecko Rødehavs-halvfingergekko 1827 Hemidactylus robustus Heyden 1884 Hemidactylus karachiensis Murray (syn. Baha el Din 2006) 1936 Hemidactylus parkeri Loveridge (syn. Baha el Din 2006) Hemidactylus turcicus parkeri Arnold 1980 1981 Hemidactylus porbandarensis Sharma (Bauer, Vyas, Jackman, Lajmi & Giri 2012) Other common names: porbandarensis: Porbandar House gecko Remarks: Previously regarded as a synonym of turcicus (e.g., Wermuth 1965). Baha el Din (2005, 2006) revalidated robustus based on wide sympatry with turcicus in Egypt. Their status as separate species was confirmed by Carranza & Arnold (2006). Torki (2019) regarded parkeri as a valid species. Introduced to: Tanzania (Zanzibar), Yemen (Socotra Archipelago [Samha, Socotra]). Distribution: Djibouti, Egypt, Eritrea (incl. Dahlak Archipelago), Ethiopia, India (Gujarat), Iran, Iraq, Kenya, Oman (incl. Masirah), Pakistan, Qatar, Saudi Arabia (incl. Farasan Islands), Somalia, Sudan, United Arab Emirates, Yemen. Hemidactylus romeshkanicus Romeshkan Half-toed Gecko Romeshkan-Halbzehengecko Romeshkan-halvfingergekko 2011 Hemidactylus romeshkanicus Torki, Manthey & Barts Distribution: Iraq, Iran. Hemidactylus ruspolii Turnip-tailed Black-and-Yellow Gecko, (Prince Ruspoli's Gecko) Schwarz-gelber Halbzehengecko Sort-gul Halvfingergekko 1896 Hemidactylus ruspolii Boulenger 1907 Hemidactylus erlangeri Steindachner (Wermuth 1965) Distribution: Ethiopia, Kenya, Somalia. Hemidactylus saba Sheba Half-toed Gecko Sheba-Halbzehengecko Sheba-halvfingergekko 2011 Hemidactylus saba Busais & Joger Distribution: Yemen. Hemidactylus sahgali Northern Termite Hill Gecko, (Sahgal's Termite Hill Gecko) Nördlicher Termitengecko Nordlig Termitgekko 2018 Hemidactylus sahgali Mirza, Gowande, Patil, Ambekar & Patel Remarks: This species was previously regarded as populations of triedrus (Mirza, Gowande, Patil, Ambekar & Patel 2018). Records of triedrus from Himachal Pradesh and Jharkhand are herein provisionally regarded as representing sahgali. Distribution: India (Chhattisgarh, Gujarat, Himachal Pradesh, Jharkhand, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Rajasthan), Pakistan. Hemidactylus sankariensis Sankari Half-toed Gecko Sankari-Halbzehengecko Sankari-halvfingergekko 2019 Hemidactylus sankariensis Agarwal, Bauer, Giri & Khandekar Distribution: India (Tamil Nadu). Hemidactylus sassanidianus Khaiiz Half-toed Gecko Khaiiz-Halbzehengecko Khaiiz-halvfingergekko 2019 Hemidactylus sassanidianus Torki Remarks: Previously regarded as a population of persicus (e.g., Torki & al. 2011). Distribution: Iran. Hemidactylus sataraensis Satara Half-toed Gecko Satara-Halbzehengecko Satara-halvfingergekko 2008 Hemidactylus sataraensis Giri & Bauer Distribution: India (Maharashtra). Hemidactylus saxicolus Raichur Half-toed Gecko, Saxatile Leaf-toed Gecko Raichur-Halbzehengecko Raichur-halvfingergekko 2022 Hemidactylus saxicolus Kumar, Srinivasulu & Srinivasulu Remarks: Previously regarded as a population of giganteus (Kumar, Srinivasulu & Srinivasulu 2022). Distribution: India (Karnataka, Telangana). Hemidactylus scabriceps Ramnad Scaled Gecko Ramnad-Halbzehengecko Ramnad-halvfingergekko 1906 Teratolepis scabriceps Annandale Lophopholis scabriceps Smith & Deraniyagala 1934 Hemidactylus scabriceps Loveridge 1947 Distribution: India (Tamil Nadu), Sri Lanka. Hemidactylus shihraensis Al Shihr Half-toed Gecko Al-Shihr-Halbzehengecko Al Shihr-halvfingergekko 2011 Hemidactylus shihraensis Busais & Joger Distribution: Yemen. Hemidactylus sinaitus Sudan Half-toed Gecko, Speckled Gecko, (Red Sea Gecko) Sudanischer Halbzehengecko Sudansk Halvfingergekko 1885 Hemidactylus sinaitus Boulenger 1959 Hemidactylus shugraensis Haas & Battersby (Arnold 1986) Remarks: Previously regarded as a synonym of turcicus (e.g., Mertens & Wermuth 1960; Wermuth 1965). Revalidated by Arnold (1977). Formerly included the population now assigned to afarensis. Records from Ethiopia and Somalia refer to afarensis (Smíd, Mazuch, Nováková, Modrý, Malonza, Elmi, Carranza & Moravec 2020). The scientific name of the species was based on the type locality ("Sinai"), which is in error. The species is not found in Sinai (Baha el Din 2006). Distribution: Egypt, Eritrea, Sudan, Yemen. Hemidactylus sirumalaiensis Sirumalai Half-toed Gecko, Sirumalai Rock Gecko Sirumalai-Halbzehengecko Sirumalai-halvfingergekko 2020 Hemidactylus sirumalaiensis Khandekar, Thackeray, Pawar & Agarwal Distribution: India (Tamil Nadu). Hemidactylus siva Bellary Half-toed Gecko Bellary-Halbzehengecko Bellary-halvfingergekko 2018 Hemidactylus siva Srinivasulu, Srinivasulu & Kumar Distribution: India (Karnataka). Hemidactylus smithi Shebeli Half-toed Gecko, (Smith's Tree Gecko, Smith's Gecko) Shebeli-Halbzehengecko Shebeli-halvfingergekko 1895 Hemidactylus smithi Boulenger Distribution: Ethiopia, Somalia. Hemidactylus somalicus Somali Half-toed Gecko, (Somali Gecko) Almindelig-Somalisk-Halbzehengecko Almindelig Somalisk Halvfingergekko 1932 Hemidactylus somalicus Parker Distribution: Somalia. Hemidactylus squamulatus Nyika Half-toed Gecko, Nyika Gecko, (Tornier's Gecko) Nyika-Halbzehengecko Nyika-halvfingergekko 1896 Hemidactylus squamulatus Tornier Hemidactylus tropidolepis squamulatus Calabresi 1923 Teratolepis squamulatus Parker 1942 1896 Hemidactylus bocagei Tornier [not Hemidactylus bocagii Boulenger 1885] 1897 Hemidactylus werneri Tornier [substitute name for Hemidactylus bocagei Tornier 1896] 1902 Hemidactylus tornieri Mocquard [substitute name for Hemidactylus bocagei Tornier 1896] 1908 Hemidactylus floweri Werner Hemidactylus tropidolepis floweri Loveridge 1947 Hemidactylus squamulatus floweri Wermuth 1965 1923 Hemidactylus alluaudi Angel (Wermuth 1965) 1942 Hemidactylus tropidolepis barbouri Loveridge (Loveridge 1957) Hemidactylus squamulatus barbouri Loveridge 1957 Remarks: Previously included floweri. Distribution: Ethiopia, Kenya, Somalia, Sudan, Tanzania. Hemidactylus srikanthani Devarayana Durga Hills Half-toed Gecko Devarayana-Durga-Halbzehengecko Devarayana Durga-halvfingergekko 2022 Hemidactylus srikanthani Adhikari, Achyuthan, Kumar, Khot, Shreeram & Ganesh Distribution: India (Karnataka). Hemidactylus stejnegeri Taiwanese Half-toed Gecko, (Stejneger's Leaf-toed Gecko, Stejneger's House Gecko) Taiwanischer Halbzehengecko Taiwansk Halvfingergekko 1989 Hemidactylus stejnegeri Ota & Hikida Remarks: Listed for China by Bain & Hurley (2011) and The Reptile Database (viewed December 10, 2011), but no other records have been found to verify the presence in China for this species. Distribution: Philippines (Cebu, Luzon, Panay), Taiwan, Vietnam. Hemidactylus subtriedroides Sagaing Half-toed Gecko Sagaing-Halbzehengecko Sagaing-halvfingergekko 1905 Hemidactylus subtriedroides Annandale Hemidactylus brookii subtriedroides Loveridge 1941 Remarks: Previously regarded as a synonym of brookii (e.g., Smith 1935), but formally regarded as a synonym of tenkatei by Mahony (2011). However, this was not supported by Kathriner, O'Shea & Kaiser (2014), who provisionally retained subtriedroides as a valid species, pending further studies. Distribution: Myanmar. Hemidactylus sushilduttai Mahendragiri Range Half-toed Gecko Mahendragiri-Halbzehengecko Mahendragiri-halvfingergekko 2017 Hemidactylus sushilduttai Giri, Bauer, Mohapatra, Srinivasulu & Agarwal Distribution: India (Andhra Pradesh). Hemidactylus tamhiniensis Tamhini Half-toed Gecko Tamhini-Halbzehengecko Tamhini-halvfingergekko 2021 Hemidactylus tamhiniensis Khandekar, Thackeray & Agarwal Distribution: India (Maharashtra). Hemidactylus tanganicus Dutumi Half-toed Gecko, Dutumi Gecko Dutumi-Halbzehengecko Dutumi-halvfingergekko 1929 Hemidactylus tanganicus Loveridge Distribution: Tanzania. Hemidactylus tasmani Zimbabwean Half-toed Gecko, (Tasman's Tropical House Gecko) Zimbabwe-Halbzehengecko Zimbabwe-halvfingergekko 1932 Hemidactylus tasmani Hewitt Hemidactylus mabouia tasmani Broadley 1977 Remarks: Previously regarded as a synonym of mabouia (e.g., Loveridge 1947; Wermuth 1965). Treated as a valid species by most recent authors (e.g., Kluge 1991). Distribution: Mozambique, Zimbabwe. Hemidactylus taylori Sol Haud Half-toed Gecko, (Taylor's Gecko) Sol-Haud-Halbzehengecko Sol Haud-halvfingergekko 1932 Hemidactylus taylori Parker Distribution: Somalia. Hemidactylus tenkatei Rote Half-toed Gecko, Roti House Gecko Rote-Halbzehengecko Rote-halvfingergekko 1895 Hemidactylus tenkatei Lidth de Jeude Remarks: Previously regarded as a synonym of brookii (e.g., Smith 1935; Wermuth 1965). Formerly included subtriedroides (see remarks under that species). Revalidated by Rösler & Glaw (2010), followed by others (e.g., Mahony 2011; O'Shea, Sanchez, Heacox, Kathriner, Carvalho, Varela-Ribeiro, Afrianio-Soares, Araujo & Kaiser 2012; Sanchez, Carvalho, Kathriner, O'Shea & Kaiser 2012), and confirmed by Kathriner, O'Shea & Kaiser (2014). The native distribution of this species is uncertain, as it is likely that it has been spread widely by human agency (Mahony 2011; Kathriner, O'Shea & Kaiser 2014), but known records are listed below. Grismer & Quah (2019) did not list the species for West Malaysia. Distribution: East Timor, Indonesia (Alor, Flores, Lembata, Pantar, Rote, Savu, Semau, Sumba, West Timor), Malaysia (West Malaysia: Penang Island). Hemidactylus thayene Burmese Ghost Gecko Burmesischer Gespenstgecko Burmesisk Fantomgekko 2007 Hemidactylus thayene Zug & McMahan in McMahan & Zug Distribution: Myanmar. Hemidactylus treutleri Golconda Half-toed Gecko Golconda-Halbzehengecko Golconda-halvfingergekko 2009 Hemidactylus treutleri Mahony Distribution: India (Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Odisha, Tamil Nadu, Telangana). Hemidactylus triedrus Southern Termite Hill Gecko, Blotched House Gecko, Blotched Gecko Südlicher Termitengecko Sydlig Termitgekko 1802 Gecko triedrus Daudin Hemidactylus triedrus Lesson in Bélanger 1834 1853 Hemidactylus subtriedrus Jerdon (Mahony 2011; Mirza, Gowande, Patil, Ambekar & Patel 2018) Other common names: subtriedrus: Madras Blotched Gecko Remarks: Now restricted to India. Previously included lankae and the populations now assigned to sahgali and whitakeri. Records from Sri Lanka refer to lankae (Bauer, Jackman, Greenbaum, Giri & Silva 2010). Validity of subtriedrus has been questioned (Zug, Vindum & Koo 2007; Venugopal 2010a), but acknowledged by others (e.g., Giri & Bauer 2008; Giri, Bauer, Vyas & Patil 2009; Mirza 2010). Following Zug, Vindum & Koo (2007), Venugopal (2010) did not include subtriedrus in his list of Indian lizards. Javed, Saravanan, Tampal & Srinivasulu (2009) and Bauer, Jackman, Greenbaum, Giri & Silva (2010) presented evidence for its validity, but Mahony (2011) placed it in the synonymy of triedrus, which was supported by Mirza, Gowande, Patil, Ambekar & Patel (2018). The latter authors did not mention Karnataka in the distribution, but plotted a locality clearly within the state. Distribution: India (Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Kerala, Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu, Telangana). Hemidactylus tropidolepis Ogaden Half-toed Gecko, Ogaden Gecko, (Mocquard's Gecko) Ogaden-Halbzehengecko Ogaden-halvfingergekko 1888 Hemidactylus tropidolepis Mocquard Teratolepis tropidolepis Parker 1942 Distribution: Ethiopia, Kenya, Somalia. Hemidactylus turcicus Turkish Half-toed Gecko, Turkish Gecko, Mediterranean House Gecko, Mediterranean Gecko Europäischer Halbzehengecko, Scheibenfinger Tyrkisk Halvfingergekko, Europæisk Halvfingergekko 1758 Lacerta turcica Linnaeus Hemidactylus turcicus Boettger 1876 1810 Gecus cyanodactylus Rafinesque (Böhme (ed.) 1981) 1826 Gecko meridionalis Risso (Böhme (ed.) 1981) 1827 Hemidactylus granosus Heyden (Wermuth 1965) 1829 Gecko verruculatus Cuvier (Böhme (ed.) 1981) 1906 Hemidactylus exsul Barbour & Cole (Wermuth 1965) 1954 Hemidactylus turcicus spinalis Buchholz (Böhme (ed.) 1981) Remarks: Previously included granosus, lavadeserticus, macropholis, puccionii, sinaitus, and robustus (incl. parkeri). The distribution of turcicus is now restricted to the Mediterranean region. Apart from introductions, records from outside this region refer to the species listed above. Reported introduction to Argentina is based on misidentified mabouia (Baldo, Borteiro, Brusquetti, García & Prigioni 2008). Introduced to: Chile, Cuba, Italy (Sardinia), Mexico (Aguascalientes, Baja California Norte, Campeche, Chiapas, Chihuahua, Coahuila, Durango, Jalisco, Nuevo Leon, Oaxaca, San Luis Potosi, Sonora, Tabasco, Tamaulipas, Veracruz, Yucatan), New Zealand, Panama, Puerto Rico, Spain (Balearic Islands [Cabrera, Mallorca, Minorca, Pityusic Islands (Formentera, Ibiza)], Canary Islands [Gran Canaria, Tenerife]), Turkmenistan, USA (Alabama, Arizona, Arkansas, California, Florida, Georgia, Illinois, Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, Missouri, Nevada, New Mexico, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, South Dakota, Tennessee, Texas, Utah, Virginia). Distribution: Albania, Algeria, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Croatia, Cyprus, Egypt (incl. Sinai), France (incl. Corsica), Gibraltar, Greece (incl. Aegean Islands [incl. Cyclades Islands, Dodecanese Islands (incl. Rhodes), Sporades Islands], Crete), Israel, Italy (incl. Aeolian Islands, Capri, Elba, Montecristo, Pantelleria, Pelagie Islands [Lampedusa, Linosa Islands], Sicily), Jordan, Lebanon, Libya, Malta, Montenegro, Morocco, Portugal, Slovenia, Spain, Syria, Tunisia, Turkey (incl. European Turkey). Hemidactylus turcicus © Rune Midtgaard Hemidactylus ulii Al Hababi Half-toed Gecko Al-Hababi-Halbzehengecko Al Hababi-halvfingergekko 2013 Hemidactylus ulii Smid, Moravec, Kratochvil, Gvozdik, Nasher, Busais, Wilms, Shobrak & Carranza Distribution: Yemen. Hemidactylus vanam Meghamalai Half-toed Gecko, Meghamalai Rock Gecko Meghamalai-Halbzehengecko Meghamalai-halvfingergekko 2018 Hemidactylus vanam Chaitanya, Lajmi & Giri Distribution: India (Tamil Nadu). Hemidactylus varadgirii Amboli Half-toed Gecko Amboli-Halbzehengecko Amboli-halvfingergekko 2019 Hemidactylus varadgirii Chaitanya, Agarwal, Lajmi & Khandekar Distribution: India (Maharashtra). Hemidactylus vernayi Lobito Half-toed Gecko, (Vernay's Tropical Gecko) Lobito-Halbzehengecko Lobito-halvfingergekko 2020 Hemidactylus vernayi Ceríaco, Agarwal, Marques & Bauer Remarks: Previously regarded as a population of vernayi. Distribution: Angola. Hemidactylus vietnamensis Vietnamese House Gecko Vietnamesischer Halbzehengecko Vietnamesisk Halvfingergekko 1984 Hemidactylus vietnamensis Darevsky, Kupriyanova & Roshchin Remarks: An all-female, parthenogenetic species (Nguyen, Ho & Nguyen 2009). Distribution: Cambodia, Vietnam. Hemidactylus vijayraghavani Bagalkot Half-toed Gecko Bagalkot-Halbzehengecko Bagalkot-halvfingergekko 2018 Hemidactylus vijayraghavani Mirza Distribution: India (Karnataka). Hemidactylus whitakeri Karnataka Termite Hill Gecko, (Whitaker's Termite Hill Gecko) Karnataka-Termitengecko Karnataka-termitgekko 2018 Hemidactylus whitakeri Mirza, Gowande, Patil, Ambekar & Patel Remarks: This species was previously regarded as populations of triedrus (Mirza, Gowande, Patil, Ambekar & Patel 2018). Records of triedrus from Goa are herein provisionally regarded as representing whitakeri. Distribution: India (Goa, Karnataka, Tamil Nadu). Hemidactylus xericolus Nalgonda Half-toed Gecko, (Nalgonda Yellow-tailed Brookiish Gecko) Nalgonda-Halbzehengecko Nalgonda-halvfingergekko 2020 Hemidactylus xericolus Lajmi, Giri, Singh & Agarwal Distribution: India (Telangana). Hemidactylus yajurvedi Kanker Rock Gecko Kanker-Halbzehengecko Kanker-halvfingergekko 2015 Hemidactylus yajurvedi Murthy, Bauer, Lajmi, Agarwal & Giri Distribution: India (Chhattisgarh). Hemidactylus yerburii Lahej Half-toed Gecko, (Yerburi's Gecko) Lahej-Halbzehengecko Lahej-halvfingergekko 1895 Hemidactylus yerburii Anderson Remarks: Previously included montanus and pauciporosus. Now restricted to Yemen (Smíd, Shobrak, Wilms, Joger & Carranza 2016). Distribution: Yemen.