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Citation: Midtgaard, Rune. RepFocus - A Survey of the Reptiles of the World. www.repfocus.dk (Compilation date: 14th April, 2023).

Checklist General remarks: The list includes only formally described species. Newly discovered, but still unnamed species are excluded. However, unnamed species or species unassigned to species level are included, if they are the only representatives of their genus in the region. Species counts exclude extinct and introduced species. Doubtful records, typically older voucher specimens of uncertain origin, have been excluded if considered questionable, as are records based on sources considered unreliable or controversial. Note: Your comments to the checklist (omissions, errors, etc.) are welcomed, preferably if they are provided with reliable references. If possible, please attach a pdf file of the relevant reference to an email addressed to:

	Snakes (Serpentes)
	= endemicEX = extinct or assumed extinct Species References  Family Colubridae (Typical Snakes or Colubrids) Genus Crotaphopeltis (Herald Snakes)   Crotaphopeltis hotamboeia Common Herald Snake Bates 1997 Bates, Branch, Bauer, Burger, Marais, Alexander & Villiers [eds.] 2014 Bourquin 1989 Bourquin 2004 Branch & Braack 1989 Branch 1998 Broadley 1983 Burger 1993 Conradie, Reeves, Brown & Venter 2016 Conradie, Reeves, Mdoko, Pamla & Gxabhu 2020 Fitzsimons 1956 Jacobsen 1989 Johnson & Raw 1989 Maritz & Alexander 2007 Masterson, Maritz, Mackay & Alexander 2009 Schmidt 2002 Tolley, Telford, Makhubo, Power & Alexander 2023 Visser 1979 Waal 1978 Genus Dasypeltis (African Egg Eaters)   Dasypeltis inornata Southern Brown Egg Eater Bates, Branch, Bauer, Burger, Marais, Alexander & Villiers [eds.] 2014 Bourquin 1989 Bourquin 2004 Branch 1998 Broadley 1983 Gans 1959 Jacobsen 1989 Johnson & Raw 1989   Dasypeltis medici East African Egg Eater Bates & Broadley 2018 Bates, Branch, Bauer, Burger, Marais, Alexander & Villiers [eds.] 2014 Bourquin 1989 Bourquin 2004 Branch 1998 Broadley & Howell 1991 Broadley 1983   Dasypeltis scabra Common African Egg Eater Bates & Broadley 2018 Bates 1991 Bates 1997 Bates, Branch, Bauer, Burger, Marais, Alexander & Villiers [eds.] 2014 Bauer & Branch 2001 Bourquin 1989 Bourquin 2004 Branch & Braack 1989 Broadley 1983 Burger 1993 Conradie, Engelbrecht, Herrel, Measey, Nielsen, Vanhooydonck & Tolley 2011 Conradie, Reeves, Brown & Venter 2016 Conradie, Reeves, Mdoko, Pamla & Gxabhu 2020 Fitzsimons 1956 Gans 1959 Jacobsen & Randall 2013 Jacobsen 1989 Kirchhof 2011 Masterson, Maritz, Mackay & Alexander 2009 Schmidt 2002 Tolley, Telford, Makhubo, Power & Alexander 2023 Tolley, Whitaker & Turner 2006 Witberg 2012 Waal 1978 Genus Dipsadoboa (Nocturnal Tree Snakes)   Dipsadoboa aulica Cross-barred Nocturnal Tree Snake Bates, Branch, Bauer, Burger, Marais, Alexander & Villiers [eds.] 2014 Bourquin 1989 Bourquin 2004 Branch 1998 Branch, Conradie & Tolley in Branch, Bayliss, Bittencourt-Silva, Conradie, Engelbrecht, Loader, Menegon, Nanvonamuquitxo & Tolley 2019 Broadley 1983 Jacobsen 1989 Rasmussen 1989 Genus Dispholidus (Boomslangs)   * Dispholidus typus Cape Boomslang Bates, Branch, Bauer, Burger, Marais, Alexander & Villiers [eds.] 2014 Branch 1998 Broadley & Wallach 2002 Broadley 1983 Burger 1993 Jacobsen & Randall 2013 Reeves, Mdoko, Rebelo & Conradie 2021 Visser 1979   Dispholidus viridis Green Boomslang Bates, Branch, Bauer, Burger, Marais, Alexander & Villiers [eds.] 2014 [as D. typus] Pietersen, Verburght & Davies 2021 Genus Meizodon (African Smooth Snakes)   Meizodon semiornatus Semi-ornate Smooth Snake Bates, Branch, Bauer, Burger, Marais, Alexander & Villiers [eds.] 2014 Bourquin 1989 Bourquin 2004 Branch 1998 Broadley 1983 Jacobsen 1989 Schatti 1985 Swanepoel 2010 Genus Natriciteres (African Marsh Snakes)   Natriciteres olivacea Olive Marsh Snake Bates, Branch, Bauer, Burger, Marais, Alexander & Villiers [eds.] 2014   Natriciteres sylvatica Eastern Forest Marsh Snake Bates, Branch, Bauer, Burger, Marais, Alexander & Villiers [eds.] 2014 Bourquin 1989 Bourquin 2004 Branch 1998 Broadley 1983 Spawls, Howell, Drewes & Ashe 2002 Genus Philothamnus (African Green Snakes)   Philothamnus angolensis Angolan Green Snake Bates, Branch, Bauer, Burger, Marais, Alexander & Villiers [eds.] 2014 Bourquin 1989 Bourquin 2004 Branch 1998 Broadley 1983   Philothamnus hoplogaster Southeastern Green Snake Bates, Branch, Bauer, Burger, Marais, Alexander & Villiers [eds.] 2014 Bourquin 1989 Bourquin 2004 Branch 1998 Broadley 1983 Jacobsen & Randall 2013 Jacobsen 1989 Jacobsen 2006 Johnson & Raw 1989 Kirchhof, Kramer, Linden & Richter 2010 Loveridge 1957 Maritz & Alexander 2007 Reeves, Mdoko, Rebelo & Conradie 2021 Tolley, Telford, Makhubo, Power & Alexander 2023   Philothamnus natalensis Eastern Natal Green Snake Bates, Branch, Bauer, Burger, Marais, Alexander & Villiers [eds.] 2014 Bourquin 1989 Bourquin 2004 Branch 1998 Broadley 1983 Jacobsen 1989 Johnson & Raw 1989   Philothamnus occidentalis Western Natal Green Snake Bates 1991 Bates 1992 Bates 1997 Bates, Branch, Bauer, Burger, Marais, Alexander & Villiers [eds.] 2014 Bourquin 1989 Bourquin 2004 Branch 1998 Broadley 1966 [as P. natalensis occidentalis] Broadley 1983 Fitzsimons 1956 Jacobsen & Randall 2013 Jacobsen 1989 Jesus, Nagy, Branch, Wink, Brehm & Harris 2009 Reeves, Mdoko, Rebelo & Conradie 2021 Tolley, Telford, Makhubo, Power & Alexander 2023 Waal 1978   Philothamnus semivariegatus Variegated Bush Snake Bates 1996 Bates, Branch, Bauer, Burger, Marais, Alexander & Villiers [eds.] 2014 Bourquin 1989 Bourquin 2004 Branch 1989 Branch 1998 Broadley 1983 Fitzsimons 1956 Haacke 1985 Jacobsen 1989 Johnson & Raw 1989 Kirchhof, Kramer, Linden & Richter 2010 Loehr 2005 McLachlan 1984 Schmidt & Gruschwitz 2004 Schmidt 2002 Tolley, Telford, Makhubo, Power & Alexander 2023 Genus Telescopus (Afro-Asian Cat Snakes)   Telescopus beetzii Namib Tiger Snake Bates 1991 Bates, Branch, Bauer, Burger, Marais, Alexander & Villiers [eds.] 2014 Branch 1989 Branch 1998 Broadley 1983 Baard 1987 Visser 1979 Visser 1981 Waal 1978   Telescopus semiannulatus Southern Tiger Snake Bates 1996 Bates, Branch, Bauer, Burger, Marais, Alexander & Villiers [eds.] 2014 Bauer & Branch 2001 Bourquin 1989 Bourquin 2004 Branch 1998 Broadley 1983 Fitzsimons & Brain 1958 Jacobsen 1989 Schmidt & Gruschwitz 2004 Schmidt 2002 Tolley, Telford, Makhubo, Power & Alexander 2023 Genus Thelotornis (African Vine Snakes)   Thelotornis capensis Southern Vine Snake Bates, Branch, Bauer, Burger, Marais, Alexander & Villiers [eds.] 2014 Bourquin 1989 Bourquin 2004 Branch 1998 Broadley & Wallach 2002 Broadley 1983 Broadley 2001 Golay, Smith, Broadley, Dixon, McCarthy, Rage, Schatti & Toriba 1993 Jacobsen 1989 Johnson & Raw 1989 Kirchhof, Kramer, Linden & Richter 2010 Spawls & Branch 1995 Tolley, Telford, Makhubo, Power & Alexander 2023  Family Elapidae [part 1: terrestrial species] (Cobras, Mambas, etc.) Genus Aspidelaps (Shield-nosed Cobras)   Aspidelaps lubricus African Coral Snake Bates 1991 Bates, Branch, Bauer, Burger, Marais, Alexander & Villiers [eds.] 2014 Bauer & Branch 2001 Branch & Braack 1989 Branch 1989 Branch 1998 Broadley & Baldwin 2006 Broadley 1983 Conradie, Reeves, Brown & Venter 2016 Dobiey & Vogel 2007 Schultz & Massyn 2008 Visser 1979 Wallach, Williams & Boundy 2014 Waal 1978 Yeadon & Bates 2000   Aspidelaps scutatus Shield-nosed Coral Snake Bates, Branch, Bauer, Burger, Marais, Alexander & Villiers [eds.] 2014 Branch 1998 Broadley & Baldwin 2006 Broadley 1983 Dobiey & Vogel 2007 Jacobsen 1989 Reissig, Rensburg & Shaw 2015 Tolley, Telford, Makhubo, Power & Alexander 2023 Wallach, Williams & Boundy 2014 Genus Dendroaspis (Mambas)   * Dendroaspis angusticeps Southern Green Mamba Bates, Branch, Bauer, Burger, Marais, Alexander & Villiers [eds.] 2014 Bourquin 1989 Bourquin 2004 Branch 1998 Broadley 1983 David & Ineich 1999 Dobiey & Vogel 2007 Golay, Smith, Broadley, Dixon, McCarthy, Rage, Schatti & Toriba 1993 Marais & McGahey 2010 Spawls & Branch 1995   Dendroaspis polylepis Black Mamba Bates, Branch, Bauer, Burger, Marais, Alexander & Villiers [eds.] 2014 Bourquin 1989 Bourquin 2004 Branch 1998 Broadley 1983 David & Ineich 1999 Dobiey & Vogel 2007 Haakansson & Madsen 1983 Jacobsen 1989 Kirchhof 2011 Kirchhof, Kramer, Linden & Richter 2010 Maritz & Alexander 2010 Schmidt 2002 Spawls & Branch 1995 Tolley, Telford, Makhubo, Power & Alexander 2023 Genus Elapsoidea (African Garter Snakes)   Elapsoidea boulengeri Zambezi Garter Snake Bates, Branch, Bauer, Burger, Marais, Alexander & Villiers [eds.] 2014 Bourquin 1989 Bourquin 2004 Branch 1998 Broadley 1971 Broadley 1983 Broadley 1998 David & Ineich 1999 Dobiey & Vogel 2007 Golay, Smith, Broadley, Dixon, McCarthy, Rage, Schatti & Toriba 1993 Jacobsen 1989 Spawls & Branch 1995 Tolley, Telford, Makhubo, Power & Alexander 2023   Elapsoidea sundevallii Southern African Garter Snake Bates, Branch, Bauer, Burger, Marais, Alexander & Villiers [eds.] 2014 Bourquin 1989 Bourquin 2004 Branch 1998 Broadley 1971 Broadley 1983 David & Ineich 1999 Dobiey & Vogel 2007 Fitzsimons & Brain 1958 Golay, Smith, Broadley, Dixon, McCarthy, Rage, Schatti & Toriba 1993 Jacobsen 1989 Schmidt 2002 Spawls & Branch 1995 Tolley, Telford, Makhubo, Power & Alexander 2023 Tolley, Telford, Makhubo, Scholtz, Barends & Alexander 2020 Waal 1978 Genus Hemachatus (Ring-necked Spitting Cobra)   Hemachatus haemachates Ring-necked Spitting Cobra Bates 1997 Bates, Branch, Bauer, Burger, Marais, Alexander & Villiers [eds.] 2014 Bourquin 1989 Bourquin 2004 Branch & Braack 1989 Branch 1998 Broadley 1983 Conradie, Reeves, Mdoko, Pamla & Gxabhu 2020 Dobiey & Vogel 2007 Fitzsimons 1956 Golay, Smith, Broadley, Dixon, McCarthy, Rage, Schatti & Toriba 1993 Jacobsen 1989 Masterson, Maritz, Mackay & Alexander 2009 Smith 2011 Spawls & Branch 1995 Tolley, Telford, Makhubo, Power & Alexander 2023 Visser 1979 Waal 1978 Genus Naja (Typical Cobras)   Naja annulifera African Banded Cobra Bates, Branch, Bauer, Burger, Marais, Alexander & Villiers [eds.] 2014 Bourquin 1989 Bourquin 2004 Branch 1998 Broadley & Wuster 2004 Broadley 1968 Broadley 1983 Broadley 1995 Dobiey & Vogel 2007 Fitzsimons 1956 [as N. haje] Jacobsen 1989 Schmidt & Gruschwitz 2004 Schmidt 2002 Spawls & Branch 1995 Tolley, Telford, Makhubo, Power & Alexander 2023   Naja mossambica Mozambique Spitting Cobra Bates, Branch, Bauer, Burger, Marais, Alexander & Villiers [eds.] 2014 Bourquin 1989 Bourquin 2004 Branch 1998 Broadley 1968 Broadley 1983 David & Ineich 1999 Dobiey & Vogel 2007 Fitzsimons 1956 [as N. nigricollis] Jacobsen 1989 Johnson & Raw 1989 Kirchhof, Kramer, Linden & Richter 2010 Schmidt 2002 Schultz & Massyn 2008 Spawls & Branch 1995 Tolley, Telford, Makhubo, Power & Alexander 2023 Wallach, Williams & Boundy 2014 Wuster, Crookes, Ineich, Mane, Pook, Trape & Broadley 2007   Naja nigricincta Western Barred Spitting Cobra Bates, Branch, Bauer, Burger, Marais, Alexander & Villiers [eds.] 2014 Bauer & Branch 2001 Branch 1998 Broadley 1968 Broadley 1983 Dobiey & Vogel 2007 Spawls & Branch 1995 Wallach, Williams & Boundy 2014 Wuster, Crookes, Ineich, Mane, Pook, Trape & Broadley 2007   Naja nivea Yellow Cobra Bates 1997 Bates, Branch, Bauer, Burger, Marais, Alexander & Villiers [eds.] 2014 Bauer & Branch 2001 Branch & Braack 1989 Branch 1998 Broadley & Wuster 2004 Broadley 1968 Broadley 1983 Burger 1993 Baard, Villiers & Villiers 1988 Conradie, Doucette-Riise, Vanhooydonck, Engelbrecht, Measey & Tolley 2011 Conradie, Reeves, Brown & Venter 2016 Cunningham, Henderson & Tolley 2003 Dobiey & Vogel 2007 Fitzsimons & Brain 1958 Goldberg 2010 Jacobsen & Randall 2013 Jacobsen 1989 Spawls & Branch 1995 Tolley, Telford, Makhubo, Power & Alexander 2023 Waal 1978   Naja subfulva Brown Forest Cobra Bates, Branch, Bauer, Burger, Marais, Alexander & Villiers [eds.] 2014 [as N. melanoleuca] Bourquin 1989 [as N. melanoleuca] Bourquin 2004 [as N. melanoleuca] Branch 1998 [as N. melanoleuca] Broadley 1968 [as N. melanoleuca] Broadley 1983 [as N. melanoleuca] David & Ineich 1999 [as N. melanoleuca] Dobiey & Vogel 2007 [as N. melanoleuca] Hitchins & Moll 1967 [as N. melanoleuca] Johnson & Raw 1989 [as N. melanoleuca] Marais & Jubber 2010 [as N. melanoleuca] Spawls & Branch 1995 [as N. melanoleuca] Stander, Petford & Huyssteen 2021 Wuster, Chirio, Trape, Ineich, Jackson, Greenbaum, Barron, Kusamba, Nagy, Storey, Hall, Wuster, Barlow & Broadley 2018  Family Elapidae [part 2: marine species] (Sea Snakes) Genus Hydrophis (Typical Sea Snakes)   Hydrophis platurus Yellow-bellied Sea Snake Bates, Branch, Bauer, Burger, Marais, Alexander & Villiers [eds.] 2014 Bourquin 1989 Bourquin 2004 Branch 1998 Broadley 1983 David & Ineich 1999 Ineich 1988 Jacobsen & Randall 2013 Smith 1926 Spawls & Branch 1995  Family Lamprophiidae (House Snakes, etc.) Genus Alopecion (Spotted House Snake)   Alopecion guttatum Spotted House Snake Bates, Branch, Bauer, Burger, Marais, Alexander & Villiers [eds.] 2014 Bourquin 1989 Bourquin 2004 Branch & Braack 1989 Branch 1989 Branch 1998 Broadley 1983 Burger 1993 Conradie, Reeves, Brown & Venter 2016 Jacobsen 1989 Kirchhof, Kramer, Linden & Richter 2010 Tolley, Whitaker & Turner 2006 Visser 1979 Visser 1981 Waal 1978 Genus Amblyodipsas (Purple-glossed Snakes and Quill-snouted Snakes)   Amblyodipsas bicolor Bicoloured Quill-snouted Snake Bates 1988 Bates, Branch, Bauer, Burger, Marais, Alexander & Villiers [eds.] 2014 Bourquin 1989 Bourquin 2004 Branch 1998 Broadley 1971 Broadley 1983 Jacobsen 1989 Tolley, Telford, Makhubo, Power & Alexander 2023 Waal 1978   Amblyodipsas concolor Natal Purple-glossed Snake Bates, Branch, Bauer, Burger, Marais, Alexander & Villiers [eds.] 2014 Bourquin 1970 Bourquin 1989 Bourquin 2004 Branch 1998 Broadley 1971 Broadley 1983 Haacke 1982 Jacobsen 1989 Johnson & Raw 1989 Maritz & Alexander 2007 Raw 1971 Wallach, Williams & Boundy 2014   Amblyodipsas microphthalma Eastern Purple-glossed Snake Bates, Branch, Bauer, Burger, Marais, Alexander & Villiers [eds.] 2014 Bourquin 1989 Bourquin 2004 Branch 1998 Broadley 1971 Broadley 1983 Jacobsen 1989 Kirchhof 2011 Kirchhof, Kramer, Linden & Richter 2010 Wallach, Williams & Boundy 2014   Amblyodipsas polylepis Common Purple-glossed Snake Bates, Branch, Bauer, Burger, Marais, Alexander & Villiers [eds.] 2014 Bourquin 1989 Bourquin 2004 Branch 1998 Broadley 1971 Broadley 1983 Jacobsen 1989 Maritz & Alexander 2007 Pietersen & Pietersen 2002 Tolley, Telford, Makhubo, Power & Alexander 2023 Wallach, Williams & Boundy 2014   Amblyodipsas sabiensis Sabi Quill-snouted Snake Bates, Branch, Bauer, Burger, Marais, Alexander & Villiers [eds.] 2014   Amblyodipsas transvaalensis Transvaal Quill-snouted Snake Bates, Branch, Bauer, Burger, Marais, Alexander & Villiers [eds.] 2014 Bourquin 1970 Bourquin 1989 Bourquin 2004 Branch 1998 Broadley 1971 Broadley 1983 Jacobsen 1989 Genus Amplorhinus (Many-spotted Snake)   Amplorhinus multimaculatus Many-spotted Snake Bates 1996 Bates, Branch, Bauer, Burger, Marais, Alexander & Villiers [eds.] 2014 Bourquin 1989 Bourquin 2004 Branch 1989 Branch 1998 Broadley 1983 Jacobsen 1989 Wallach, Williams & Boundy 2014 Genus Aparallactus (African Centipede Eaters)   Aparallactus capensis Cape Centipede Eater Bates 1991 Bates 1997 Bates, Branch, Bauer, Burger, Marais, Alexander & Villiers [eds.] 2014 Bourquin 1989 Bourquin 2004 Branch 1989 Branch 1998 Broadley 1983 Conradie, Reeves, Brown & Venter 2016 Fitzsimons 1956 Jacobsen 1989 Johnson & Raw 1989 Kirchhof 2011 Kirchhof, Kramer, Linden & Richter 2010 Loveridge 1957 Maritz & Alexander 2007 Masterson, Maritz, Mackay & Alexander 2009 Tolley, Telford, Makhubo, Power & Alexander 2023 Wallach, Williams & Boundy 2014 Waal 1978   Aparallactus lunulatus Reticulated Centipede Eater Bates, Branch, Bauer, Burger, Marais, Alexander & Villiers [eds.] 2014 Branch 1998 Broadley 1983 Jacobsen 1989 Wallach, Williams & Boundy 2014 Genus Atractaspis (Stiletto Snakes)   Atractaspis bibronii Southern Stiletto Snake Bates 1988 Bates, Branch, Bauer, Burger, Marais, Alexander & Villiers [eds.] 2014 Bourquin 1989 Bourquin 2004 Branch 1989 Branch 1998 Broadley 1983 Broadley 1991 David & Ineich 1999 Fitzsimons & Brain 1958 Golay, Smith, Broadley, Dixon, McCarthy, Rage, Schatti & Toriba 1993 Jacobsen 1989 Maritz & Alexander 2007 Masterson, Maritz, Mackay & Alexander 2009 Spawls & Branch 1995 Tolley, Telford, Makhubo, Power & Alexander 2023 Wallach, Williams & Boundy 2014 Waal 1978   Atractaspis duerdeni Beaked Stiletto Snake Bates, Branch, Bauer, Burger, Marais, Alexander & Villiers [eds.] 2014 Branch 1998 Broadley 1991 David & Ineich 1999 Golay, Smith, Broadley, Dixon, McCarthy, Rage, Schatti & Toriba 1993 Jacobsen 1989 Spawls & Branch 1995 Tolley, Telford, Makhubo, Power & Alexander 2023 Wallach, Williams & Boundy 2014 Genus Boaedon (Afro-Arabian House Snakes)   Boaedon capensis Brown House Snake Bates 1997 [as fuliginosus] Bates, Branch, Bauer, Burger, Marais, Alexander & Villiers [eds.] 2014 Bauer & Branch 2001 Bourquin 1989 [as fuliginosus] Bourquin 2004 Branch & Braack 1989 [as fuliginosus] Broadley 1983 [as fuliginosus] Conradie, Engelbrecht, Herrel, Measey, Nielsen, Vanhooydonck & Tolley 2011 Conradie, Reeves, Brown & Venter 2016 Fitzsimons & Brain 1958 [as lineatus] Fitzsimons 1956 [as lineatus] Hughes 1997 Jacobsen 1989 [as fuliginosus] Johnson & Raw 1989 [as f. fuliginosus] Loveridge 1957 [as f. fuliginosus] Maritz & Alexander 2007 [as fuliginosus] Masterson, Maritz, Mackay & Alexander 2009 [as fuliginosus] Schmidt 2002 [as fuliginosus] Tolley, Telford, Makhubo, Power & Alexander 2023 Tolley, Whitaker & Turner 2006 [as fuliginosus] Visser 1979 [as fuliginosus] Wyk & Kearney 2002 [as fuliginosus] Waal 1978 [as f. fuliginosus]   Boaedon mentalis Namibe House Snake Hallermann, Ceriaco, Schmitz, Ernst, Conradie, Verburgt, Marques & Bauer 2020 Genus Dipsina (Dwarf Beaked Snake)   Dipsina multimaculata Dwarf Beaked Snake Bates, Branch, Bauer, Burger, Marais, Alexander & Villiers [eds.] 2014 Bauer & Branch 2001 Branch & Braack 1989 Branch 1989 Branch 1998 Broadley 1983 Baard 1987 Chirio & Ineich 1991 Fitzsimons & Brain 1958 Visser 1979 Genus Duberria (African Slug Eaters)   Duberria lutrix Common Slug Eater Bates 1991 Bates 1992 Bates 1997 Bates, Branch, Bauer, Burger, Marais, Alexander & Villiers [eds.] 2014 Bourquin 1989 Bourquin 2004 Branch & Braack 1989 Branch 1998 Broadley 1983 Burger 1993 Conradie, Reeves, Brown & Venter 2016 Jacobsen & Randall 2013 Jacobsen 1989 Johnson & Raw 1989 Maritz & Alexander 2007 Reeves, Mdoko, Rebelo & Conradie 2021 Tolley, Telford, Makhubo, Power & Alexander 2023 Waal 1978   Duberria variegata Spotted Slug Eater Bates, Branch, Bauer, Burger, Marais, Alexander & Villiers [eds.] 2014 Bourquin 1989 Bourquin 2004 Branch 1998 Broadley 1983 Genus Gracililima (Black File Snake)   Gracililima nyassae Black File Snake Bates, Branch, Bauer, Burger, Marais, Alexander & Villiers [eds.] 2014 Bourquin 1970 Bourquin 1989 Bourquin 2004 Branch 1998 Broadley 1983 Broadley, Tolley, Conradie, Wishart, Trape, Burger, Kusamba, Zassi-Boulou & Greenbaum 2018 Jacobsen 1989 Johnson & Raw 1989 Lanza & Broadley 2014 Maritz & Alexander 2007 Tolley, Telford, Makhubo, Power & Alexander 2023 Genus Hemirhagerrhis (Bark Snakes)   Hemirhagerrhis nototaenia Southeastern Bark Snake Bates, Branch, Bauer, Burger, Marais, Alexander & Villiers [eds.] 2014 Bourquin 2004 Branch 1998 Broadley & Hughes 2000 Broadley 1983 Haagner 1990 Jacobsen 1989 Genus Homoroselaps (African Harlequin Snakes)   Homoroselaps dorsalis Striped Harlequin Snake Bates 1997 Bates, Branch, Bauer, Burger, Marais, Alexander & Villiers [eds.] 2014 Bourquin 1989 Bourquin 2004 Branch 1998 Broadley 1983 Dobiey & Vogel 2007 Jacobsen 1989 Spawls & Branch 1995 Waal 1978   Homoroselaps lacteus Spotted Harlequin Snake Bates 1997 Bates, Branch, Bauer, Burger, Marais, Alexander & Villiers [eds.] 2014 Bourquin 1989 Bourquin 2004 Branch & Braack 1989 Branch 1989 Branch 1998 Broadley 1983 Burger 1993 Conradie, Reeves, Mdoko, Pamla & Gxabhu 2020 Dobiey & Vogel 2007 Jacobsen & Randall 2013 Jacobsen 1989 Reeves, Mdoko, Rebelo & Conradie 2021 Spawls & Branch 1995 Tolley, Telford, Makhubo, Power & Alexander 2023 Waal 1978 Genus Inyoka (Swazi Rock Snake)   Inyoka swazicus Swazi Rock Snake Bates, Branch, Bauer, Burger, Marais, Alexander & Villiers [eds.] 2014 Bourquin 2004 Branch 1998 Broadley 1983 Jacobsen 1989 Schmidt & Scott 2003 Genus Lamprophis (SubSaharan House Snakes)   Lamprophis aurora Aurora House Snake Bates 1997 Bates, Branch, Bauer, Burger, Marais, Alexander & Villiers [eds.] 2014 Bourquin 1989 Bourquin 2004 Branch & Braack 1989 Branch 1998 Broadley 1983 Jacobsen 1989 Masterson, Maritz, Mackay & Alexander 2009 Tolley, Telford, Makhubo, Power & Alexander 2023 Waal 1978   * Lamprophis fiskii Cape House Snake Barts, Schneider, Boone, Marais, Branch & Haacke 2012 Bates, Branch, Bauer, Burger, Marais, Alexander & Villiers [eds.] 2014 Branch 1998 Broadley 1983 Baard 1987 Marais 1981   Lamprophis fuscus Yellow-bellied House Snake Bates, Branch, Bauer, Burger, Marais, Alexander & Villiers [eds.] 2014 Bourquin 1989 Bourquin 2004 Branch 1989 Branch 1998 Broadley 1983 Jacobsen 1989 Visser 1979 Waal 1978 Genus Limaformosa (Venus File Snakes)   Limaformosa capensis Cape File Snake Bates, Branch, Bauer, Burger, Marais, Alexander & Villiers [eds.] 2014 Bourquin 1989 Bourquin 2004 Branch 1998 Broadley 1983 Broadley, Tolley, Conradie, Wishart, Trape, Burger, Kusamba, Zassi-Boulou & Greenbaum 2018 Fitzsimons 1956 Jacobsen 1989 Schmidt 2002 Tolley, Telford, Makhubo, Power & Alexander 2023 Genus Lycodonomorphus (Southern African Water Snakes)   Lycodonomorphus inornatus Olive-brown House Snake Bates 1991 Bates 1992 Bates 1997 Bates, Branch, Bauer, Burger, Marais, Alexander & Villiers [eds.] 2014 Bourquin 1989 Bourquin 2004 Branch 1998 Broadley 1983 Jacobsen & Randall 2013 Jacobsen 1989 Reeves, Mdoko, Rebelo & Conradie 2021 Waal 1978   Lycodonomorphus laevissimus Dusky-bellied Water Snake Bates 1996 Bates 1997 Bates, Branch, Bauer, Burger, Marais, Alexander & Villiers [eds.] 2014 Bourquin 1989 Bourquin 2004 Branch 1998 Broadley 1983 Haagner & Branch 1994 Jacobsen 1989 Tolley, Telford, Makhubo, Power & Alexander 2023   Lycodonomorphus obscuriventris Floodplain Water Snake Bates, Branch, Bauer, Burger, Marais, Alexander & Villiers [eds.] 2014 Bourquin 1989 Bourquin 2004 Broadley 1983 Jacobsen 1989 Kyle, Alexander & Preez 2021   Lycodonomorphus rufulus Common Brown Water Snake Bates 1988 Bates 1991 Bates 1997 Bates, Branch, Bauer, Burger, Marais, Alexander & Villiers [eds.] 2014 Bourquin 1989 Bourquin 2004 Branch 1989 Branch 1998 Broadley 1983 Conradie, Reeves, Brown & Venter 2016 Conradie, Reeves, Mdoko, Pamla & Gxabhu 2020 Fitzsimons 1956 Jacobsen & Randall 2013 Jacobsen 1989 Johnson & Raw 1989 Kirchhof, Kramer, Linden & Richter 2010 Maritz & Alexander 2007 Reeves, Mdoko, Rebelo & Conradie 2021 Tolley, Telford, Makhubo, Power & Alexander 2023 Waal 1978 Genus Lycophidion (African Wolf Snakes)   Lycophidion capense Cape Wolf Snake Bates 1997 Bates, Branch, Bauer, Burger, Marais, Alexander & Villiers [eds.] 2014 Bourquin 1989 Bourquin 2004 Branch 1976 Branch 1989 Broadley 1983 Broadley 1996 Fitzsimons 1956 Jacobsen 1989 Johnson & Raw 1989 Kirchhof, Kramer, Linden & Richter 2010 Laurent 1968 Loveridge 1957 Masterson, Maritz, Mackay & Alexander 2009 Tolley, Telford, Makhubo, Power & Alexander 2023 Waal 1978   Lycophidion pygmaeum Pygmy Wolf Snake Armstrong 2001 Bates, Branch, Bauer, Burger, Marais, Alexander & Villiers [eds.] 2014 Bourquin 1989 [as L. semiannule] Bourquin 2004 Branch 1998 Broadley 1983 [as L. semiannule] Broadley 1996   Lycophidion variegatum Variegated Wolf Snake Bates, Branch, Bauer, Burger, Marais, Alexander & Villiers [eds.] 2014 Bourquin 1989 Bourquin 2004 Branch 1976 Branch 1998 Broadley 1983 Broadley 1996 Jacobsen 1989 Raw 1971 Raw 1975 Genus Macrelaps (Natal Black Snake)   * Macrelaps microlepidotus Natal Black Snake Bates, Branch, Bauer, Burger, Marais, Alexander & Villiers [eds.] 2014 Bourquin 1989 Bourquin 2004 Branch 1998 Broadley 1983 Conradie, Venter & Nicolau 2012 Golay, Smith, Broadley, Dixon, McCarthy, Rage, Schatti & Toriba 1993 Johnson & Raw 1989 Spawls & Branch 1995 Genus Montaspis (Cream-spotted Mountain Snake)   * Montaspis gilvomaculata Cream-spotted Mountain Snake Armstrong 2001 Bates, Branch, Bauer, Burger, Marais, Alexander & Villiers [eds.] 2014 Bourquin 1991 Bourquin 2004 Branch 1998 Genus Prosymna (Shovel-snout Snakes)   Prosymna bivittata Two-striped Shovel-snout Bates, Branch, Bauer, Burger, Marais, Alexander & Villiers [eds.] 2014 Bauer & Branch 2001 Bourquin 2004 Branch 1998 Broadley 1980 Broadley 1983 Jacobsen 1989 Schmidt 2002 Tolley, Telford, Makhubo, Power & Alexander 2023 Warner & Combrink 2010 Waal 1978   Prosymna frontalis Southwestern Shovel-snout Bates, Branch, Bauer, Burger, Marais, Alexander & Villiers [eds.] 2014 Bauer & Branch 2001 Branch 1998 Broadley 1980 Broadley 1983 Visser 1981   Prosymna janii Mozambique Shovel-snout Bates, Branch, Bauer, Burger, Marais, Alexander & Villiers [eds.] 2014 Bourquin 1970 Bourquin 1989 Bourquin 2004 Branch 1998 Broadley 1980 Broadley 1983   Prosymna lineata Lineolate Shovel-snout Bates, Branch, Bauer, Burger, Marais, Alexander & Villiers [eds.] 2014 Bourquin 1989 Bourquin 2004 Branch 1998 Broadley 1980 Broadley 1983 Huyssteen & Jordaan 2021 Jacobsen 1989 Stander 2021   Prosymna stuhlmannii East African Shovel-snout Bates, Branch, Bauer, Burger, Marais, Alexander & Villiers [eds.] 2014 Bourquin 1970 Bourquin 1989 Bourquin 2004 Branch 1998 Broadley 1980 Broadley 1983 Jacobsen 1989 Kirchhof 2011 Kirchhof, Kramer, Linden & Richter 2010 Miller 2009 Raw 1971   Prosymna sundevallii Southern African Shovel-snout Bates, Branch, Bauer, Burger, Marais, Alexander & Villiers [eds.] 2014 Branch & Braack 1989 Branch 1998 Broadley & Blaylock 2013 Broadley 1980 Broadley 1983 Conradie, Doucette-Riise, Vanhooydonck, Engelbrecht, Measey & Tolley 2011 Conradie, Reeves, Brown & Venter 2016 Fitzsimons 1956 Jacobsen 1989 Kirchhof 2011 Tolley, Telford, Makhubo, Power & Alexander 2023 Visser 1979 Visser 1981 Waal 1978 Genus Psammophis (Old World Sand Snakes and Grass Snakes)   Psammophis angolensis Dwarf Sand Snake Bates, Branch, Bauer, Burger, Marais, Alexander & Villiers [eds.] 2014 Branch 1998 Broadley 1983 Jacobsen 1989 Tolley, Telford, Makhubo, Power & Alexander 2023   Psammophis brevirostris Short-snouted Grass Snake Bates, Branch, Bauer, Burger, Marais, Alexander & Villiers [eds.] 2014 Bourquin 1989 Bourquin 2004 Branch & Haagner 1999 Broadley 1977 Broadley 1983 Broadley 2002 Fitzsimons 1956 [as P. sibilans] Jacobsen 1989 Johnson & Raw 1989 Kirchhof, Kramer, Linden & Richter 2010 Maritz & Alexander 2007 Schmidt 2002 Tolley, Telford, Makhubo, Power & Alexander 2023   Psammophis crucifer Cross-marked Grass Snake Bates 1991 Bates 1997 Bates, Branch, Bauer, Burger, Marais, Alexander & Villiers [eds.] 2014 Bourquin 1989 Bourquin 2004 Branch & Braack 1989 Branch 1989 Branch 1998 Broadley 1977 Broadley 1983 Broadley 2002 Burger 1993 Conradie, Reeves, Brown & Venter 2016 Conradie, Reeves, Mdoko, Pamla & Gxabhu 2020 Fitzsimons & Brain 1958 Jacobsen & Randall 2013 Jacobsen 1989 Kirchhof 2011 Kirchhof, Kramer, Linden & Richter 2010 Masterson, Maritz, Mackay & Alexander 2009 Reeves, Mdoko, Rebelo & Conradie 2021 Waal 1978   Psammophis jallae Zimbabwe Sand Snake Bates, Branch, Bauer, Burger, Marais, Alexander & Villiers [eds.] 2014 Branch 1998 Broadley 1983 Broadley 2002 Jacobsen 1989   * Psammophis leightoni Cape Sand Snake Bates, Branch, Bauer, Burger, Marais, Alexander & Villiers [eds.] 2014 Branch 1998 Broadley 1977 Broadley 1983 Broadley 2002   Psammophis mossambicus East African Olive Grass Snake Bates, Branch, Bauer, Burger, Marais, Alexander & Villiers [eds.] 2014 Bourquin 2004 Branch 1998 Broadley 1983 [as P. phillipsii] Broadley 2002 Jacobsen 1989 [as P. phillipsii] Maritz & Alexander 2007 Trape, Crochet, Broadley, Sourouille, Mane, Burger, Boehme, Saleh, Karan, Lanza & Mediannikov 2019   Psammophis namibensis Namib Sand Snake Bates, Branch, Bauer, Burger, Marais, Alexander & Villiers [eds.] 2014 Bauer & Branch 2001 Branch 1998 Broadley 1977 Broadley 1983 Broadley 2002 Tolley, Whitaker & Turner 2006   Psammophis notostictus Karoo Sand Snake Bates 1991 Bates 1997 Bates 2010 Bates, Branch, Bauer, Burger, Marais, Alexander & Villiers [eds.] 2014 Bauer & Branch 2001 Branch & Braack 1989 Branch 1998 Broadley 1977 Broadley 1983 Broadley 2002 Burger 1993 Baard, Villiers & Villiers 1988 Conradie, Reeves, Brown & Venter 2016 Fitzsimons & Brain 1958 Tolley, Whitaker & Turner 2006 Waal 1978   Psammophis subtaeniatus Western Stripe-bellied Sand Snake Bates, Branch, Bauer, Burger, Marais, Alexander & Villiers [eds.] 2014 Bourquin 2004 Branch 1998 Broadley 1977 Broadley 1983 Broadley 2002 Conradie, Engelbrecht, Herrel, Measey, Nielsen, Vanhooydonck & Tolley 2011 Jacobsen 1989 Kirchhof 2011 Schmidt & Gruschwitz 2004 Schmidt 2002 Tolley, Telford, Makhubo, Power & Alexander 2023   Psammophis trigrammus Western Sand Snake Bates, Branch, Bauer, Burger, Marais, Alexander & Villiers [eds.] 2014 Bauer & Branch 2001 Branch 1998 Broadley 1983 Broadley 2002   Psammophis trinasalis Kalahari Sand Snake Bates 1997 Bates, Branch, Bauer, Burger, Marais, Alexander & Villiers [eds.] 2014 Branch 1998 Broadley 1977 Broadley 1983 Broadley 2002 Baard, Villiers & Villiers 1988 Conradie, Doucette-Riise, Vanhooydonck, Engelbrecht, Measey & Tolley 2011 Conradie, Reeves, Brown & Venter 2016 Fitzsimons & Brain 1958 Jacobsen 1989 Tolley, Telford, Makhubo, Power & Alexander 2023 [as P. leightoni] Waal 1978 Genus Psammophylax (Skaapstekers)   Psammophylax rhombeatus Spotted Skaapsteker Bates & Douglas 1992 Bates 1991 Bates 1997 Bates, Branch, Bauer, Burger, Marais, Alexander & Villiers [eds.] 2014 Bauer & Branch 2001 Bauer 2000 Bourquin 1989 Bourquin 2004 Branch & Braack 1989 Branch 1998 Broadley 1976 Broadley 1983 Burger 1993 Conradie, Reeves, Brown & Venter 2016 Conradie, Reeves, Mdoko, Pamla & Gxabhu 2020 Fitzsimons 1956 Jacobsen & Randall 2013 Jacobsen 1989 Keates, Conradie, Greenbaum & Edwards 2019 Masterson, Maritz, Mackay & Alexander 2009 Tolley, Telford, Makhubo, Power & Alexander 2023 Waal 1978   Psammophylax tritaeniatus Southern Striped Skaapsteker Bates 1997 Bates, Branch, Bauer, Burger, Marais, Alexander & Villiers [eds.] 2014 Branch 1998 Broadley 1976 Broadley 1983 Jacobsen 1989 Keates, Conradie, Greenbaum & Edwards 2019 Schmidt 2002 Tolley, Telford, Makhubo, Power & Alexander 2023 Waal 1978 Genus Pseudaspis (African Mole Snake)   Pseudaspis cana African Mole Snake Bates 1991 Bates 1997 Bates, Branch, Bauer, Burger, Marais, Alexander & Villiers [eds.] 2014 Bauer & Branch 2001 Bourquin 1989 Bourquin 2004 Branch & Braack 1989 Branch 1998 Broadley 1983 Conradie, Reeves, Brown & Venter 2016 Fitzsimons 1956 Jacobsen 1989 Loveridge 1957 Masterson, Maritz, Mackay & Alexander 2009 Reeves, Mdoko, Rebelo & Conradie 2021 Schmidt 2002 Tolley, Telford, Makhubo, Power & Alexander 2023 Waal 1978 Genus Rhamphiophis (Beaked Snakes)   Rhamphiophis rostratus Rufous Beaked Snake Bates, Branch, Bauer, Burger, Marais, Alexander & Villiers [eds.] 2014 Branch 1998 Broadley 1983 Chirio & Ineich 1991 Jacobsen 1989  Family Leptotyphlopidae (Thread Snakes) Genus Leptotyphlops (Typical Thread Snakes)   Leptotyphlops conjunctus Cape Thread Snake Adalsteinsson, Branch, Trape, Vitt & Hedges 2009 Bates 1992 Bates 1996 Bates 1997 Bates, Branch, Bauer, Burger, Marais, Alexander & Villiers [eds.] 2014 Bourquin 1989 Bourquin 2004 Branch 1998 Broadley & Broadley 1999 Broadley & Wallach 1997 Broadley & Watson 1976 Broadley 1983 Hahn 1980 Jacobsen 1989 McDiarmid, Campbell & Toure 1999 Waal 1978   Leptotyphlops distanti Transvaal Thread Snake Adalsteinsson, Branch, Trape, Vitt & Hedges 2009 Bates, Branch, Bauer, Burger, Marais, Alexander & Villiers [eds.] 2014 Bourquin 1989 Bourquin 2004 Branch 1998 Broadley & Broadley 1999 Broadley & Wallach 1997 Broadley & Watson 1976 Broadley 1983 Jacobsen 1989 McDiarmid, Campbell & Toure 1999 Tolley, Telford, Makhubo, Power & Alexander 2023   Leptotyphlops incognitus Incognito Thread Snake Bates, Branch, Bauer, Burger, Marais, Alexander & Villiers [eds.] 2014 Bourquin 1989 Bourquin 2004 Broadley & Broadley 1999 Broadley & Wallach 1997 Broadley & Watson 1976 Broadley 1983 Hahn 1980 Jacobsen 1989 Schmidt 2002 Tolley, Telford, Makhubo, Power & Alexander 2023   * Leptotyphlops jacobseni Lydenburg Thread Snake Bates, Branch, Bauer, Burger, Marais, Alexander & Villiers [eds.] 2014 Broadley & Broadley 1999   * Leptotyphlops nigricans South African Black Thread Snake Adalsteinsson, Branch, Trape, Vitt & Hedges 2009 Bates, Branch, Bauer, Burger, Marais, Alexander & Villiers [eds.] 2014 Branch 1989 Branch 1998 Broadley & Broadley 1999 Broadley 1983 McDiarmid, Campbell & Toure 1999   Leptotyphlops scutifrons Zambezi Thread Snake Adalsteinsson, Branch, Trape, Vitt & Hedges 2009 Bates 1991 Bates 1992 Bates 1997 Bates, Branch, Bauer, Burger, Marais, Alexander & Villiers [eds.] 2014 Bourquin 1989 Bourquin 2004 Broadley & Broadley 1999 Broadley & Wallach 1997 Broadley & Watson 1976 Broadley 1983 Fitzsimons & Brain 1958 Fitzsimons 1956 Hahn 1980 Jacobsen 1989 Johnson & Raw 1989 Tolley, Telford, Makhubo, Power & Alexander 2023 Waal 1978   * Leptotyphlops sylvicolus Southern Forest Thread Snake Adalsteinsson, Branch, Trape, Vitt & Hedges 2009 Bates, Branch, Bauer, Burger, Marais, Alexander & Villiers [eds.] 2014 Bourquin 2004 Branch 1998 Broadley & Broadley 1999 Broadley & Wallach 1997 Genus Myriopholis (Many-scaled Thread Snakes)   Myriopholis longicauda Southern African Long-tailed Thread Snake Adalsteinsson, Branch, Trape, Vitt & Hedges 2009 Bates, Branch, Bauer, Burger, Marais, Alexander & Villiers [eds.] 2014 Branch 1998 Broadley & Broadley 1999 Broadley & Watson 1976 Broadley 1983 Jacobsen 1989 McDiarmid, Campbell & Toure 1999 Pietersen & Pietersen 2001 Schmidt 2002 Genus Namibiana (Southwest African Thread Snakes)   Namibiana gracilior Slender Thread Snake Bates, Branch, Bauer, Burger, Marais, Alexander & Villiers [eds.] 2014 Branch 1998 Broadley & Broadley 1999 Broadley 1983 Burger 1993 McDiarmid, Campbell & Toure 1999   Namibiana occidentalis Western Namaqua Thread Snake Adalsteinsson, Branch, Trape, Vitt & Hedges 2009 Bates, Branch, Bauer, Burger, Marais, Alexander & Villiers [eds.] 2014 Bauer & Branch 2001 Broadley & Broadley 1999 Broadley 1983 Hahn 1980 McDiarmid, Campbell & Toure 1999  Family Pythonidae (Pythons) Genus Python (Typical Pythons)   Python natalensis Southern Rock Python Bates 1996 Bates, Branch, Bauer, Burger, Marais, Alexander & Villiers [eds.] 2014 Bourquin 1989 Bourquin 2004 Branch 1998 Branch 2016 Broadley & Howell 1991 Broadley 1983 Broadley 1984 Jacobsen 1989 Johnson & Raw 1989 Kirchhof, Kramer, Linden & Richter 2010 Masterson, Lephuting, Mathebula & Shirinda 2012 Schmidt & Gruschwitz 2004 Schmidt 2002 Spawls & Branch 1995 Tolley, Telford, Makhubo, Power & Alexander 2023  Family Typhlopidae (Typical Blind Snakes) Genus Afrotyphlops (African Giant Blind Snakes)   Afrotyphlops bibronii Southern African Blind Snake Bates 1991 Bates 1997 Bates, Branch, Bauer, Burger, Marais, Alexander & Villiers [eds.] 2014 Bourquin 1989 Bourquin 2004 Branch 1998 Broadley & Wallach 2009 Broadley 1983 Fitzsimons 1956 Hahn 1980 Jacobsen 1989 Kirchhof 2011 Kirchhof, Kramer, Linden & Richter 2010 Masterson, Maritz, Mackay & Alexander 2009 McDiarmid, Campbell & Toure 1999 Raw 1975 Tolley, Telford, Makhubo, Power & Alexander 2023 Wallach, Williams & Boundy 2014 Waal 1978   Afrotyphlops fornasinii East African Blind Snake Bates, Branch, Bauer, Burger, Marais, Alexander & Villiers [eds.] 2014 Bourquin 1989 Bourquin 2004 Branch 1998 Broadley & Wallach 2009 Broadley 1983 McDiarmid, Campbell & Toure 1999 Wallach, Williams & Boundy 2014   Afrotyphlops mucruso Zambezi Giant Blind Snake Bates, Branch, Bauer, Burger, Marais, Alexander & Villiers [eds.] 2014 Branch 1998 Jacobsen 1989   Afrotyphlops schlegelii Variable Giant Blind Snake Bates, Branch, Bauer, Burger, Marais, Alexander & Villiers [eds.] 2014 Bourquin 1970 Bourquin 1989 Bourquin 2004 Branch 1998 Broadley & Wallach 2009 Broadley 1983 Hahn 1980 Jacobsen 1989 Genus Rhinotyphlops (African Beaked Blind Snakes)   Rhinotyphlops lalandei Cape Blind Snake Bates & Douglas 1992 Bates 1997 Bates, Branch, Bauer, Burger, Marais, Alexander & Villiers [eds.] 2014 Bauer & Branch 2001 Bourquin 1989 Bourquin 2004 Branch & Bauer 2004 Branch & Braack 1989 Branch 1998 Broadley & Wallach 2009 Broadley 1983 Burger 1993 Conradie, Doucette-Riise, Vanhooydonck, Engelbrecht, Measey & Tolley 2011 Conradie, Reeves, Brown & Venter 2016 Hahn 1980 Jacobsen 1989 McDiarmid, Campbell & Toure 1999 Raw 1975 Schmidt 2002 Tolley, Telford, Makhubo, Power & Alexander 2023 Warner & Combrink 2010 Waal 1978   Rhinotyphlops schinzi Black-spotted Beaked Blind Snake Bates, Branch, Bauer, Burger, Marais, Alexander & Villiers [eds.] 2014 Branch 1989 Branch 1998 Broadley & Wallach 2009 Broadley 1983 Fitzsimons & Brain 1958 McDiarmid, Campbell & Toure 1999  Family Viperidae (Vipers) Genus Bitis (African Adders)   * Bitis albanica Albany Adder Bates, Branch, Bauer, Burger, Marais, Alexander & Villiers [eds.] 2014 Branch 1998 Branch 1999 Dobiey & Vogel 2007   Bitis arietans Common Puff Adder Alexander & Kruger 2010 Alexander & Maritz 2010 Bates 1997 Bates, Branch, Bauer, Burger, Marais, Alexander & Villiers [eds.] 2014 Bauer & Branch 2001 Bourquin 1989 Bourquin 2004 Branch & Braack 1989 Branch 1998 Broadley 1983 Burger 1993 Conradie, Reeves, Brown & Venter 2016 David & Ineich 1999 Dobiey & Vogel 2007 Fitzsimons & Brain 1958 Fitzsimons 1956 Girard 1999 Jacobsen & Randall 2013 Jacobsen 1989 Kirchhof 2011 Kirchhof, Kramer, Linden & Richter 2010 Masterson, Maritz, Mackay & Alexander 2009 McDiarmid, Campbell & Toure 1999 Phelps 2009 Reeves, Mdoko, Rebelo & Conradie 2021 Schmidt & Gruschwitz 2004 Schmidt 2002 Spawls & Branch 1995 Tolley, Telford, Makhubo, Power & Alexander 2023 Tolley, Whitaker & Turner 2006 Witberg 2012 Waal 1978   * Bitis armata Southern Adder Bates, Branch, Bauer, Burger, Marais, Alexander & Villiers [eds.] 2014 Branch 1998 Branch 1999 Dobiey & Vogel 2007   Bitis atropos Cape Mountain Adder Bates 1988 Bates 1991 Bates 1997 Bates, Branch, Bauer, Burger, Marais, Alexander & Villiers [eds.] 2014 Bourquin 1989 Bourquin 2004 Branch 1998 Broadley 1983 Dobiey & Vogel 2007 Jacobsen 1989 McDiarmid, Campbell & Toure 1999 Spawls & Branch 1995 Visser 1979 Waal 1978   Bitis caudalis Horned Adder Bates, Branch, Bauer, Burger, Marais, Alexander & Villiers [eds.] 2014 Bauer & Branch 2001 Branch & Braack 1989 Branch 1998 Broadley 1983 Conradie, Engelbrecht, Herrel, Measey, Nielsen, Vanhooydonck & Tolley 2011 Dobiey & Vogel 2007 Fitzsimons & Brain 1958 Jacobsen 1989 McDiarmid, Campbell & Toure 1999 Phelps & Els 2006 Schmidt 2002 Spawls & Branch 1995 Tolley, Telford, Makhubo, Power & Alexander 2023 Visser 1979   Bitis cornuta Many-horned Adder Bates, Branch, Bauer, Burger, Marais, Alexander & Villiers [eds.] 2014 Bauer & Branch 2001 Branch 1998 Branch 1999 Broadley 1983 Dobiey & Vogel 2007 Visser 1979   Bitis gabonica Gaboon Adder Bates, Branch, Bauer, Burger, Marais, Alexander & Villiers [eds.] 2014 Bourquin 1989 Bourquin 2004 Branch 1998 Broadley 1983 Dobiey & Vogel 2007 Pitman 1974 Spawls & Branch 1995   * Bitis inornata Plain Mountain Adder Bates, Branch, Bauer, Burger, Marais, Alexander & Villiers [eds.] 2014 Branch 1998 Branch 1999 Broadley 1983 Dobiey & Vogel 2007   * Bitis rubida South African Red Adder Bates, Branch, Bauer, Burger, Marais, Alexander & Villiers [eds.] 2014 Branch 1997 Branch 1998 Branch 1999 Broadley 1983 [as inornata] Dobiey & Vogel 2007   Bitis schneideri Namaqua Dwarf Adder Bates, Branch, Bauer, Burger, Marais, Alexander & Villiers [eds.] 2014 Branch 1998 Broadley 1983 Dobiey & Vogel 2007 Maritz & Alexander 2011 Spawls & Branch 1995   Bitis xeropaga Desert Mountain Adder Bates, Branch, Bauer, Burger, Marais, Alexander & Villiers [eds.] 2014 Bauer & Branch 2001 Branch 1998 Broadley 1983 Dobiey & Vogel 2007 McDiarmid, Campbell & Toure 1999 Spawls & Branch 1995 Genus Causus (Night Adders)   Causus defilippii Snouted Night Adder Bates, Branch, Bauer, Burger, Marais, Alexander & Villiers [eds.] 2014 Bourquin 1989 Bourquin 2004 Branch 1998 Broadley 1983 David & Ineich 1999 Dobiey & Vogel 2007 Jacobsen 1989 Johnson & Raw 1989 Kirchhof, Kramer, Linden & Richter 2010 Spawls & Branch 1995 Tolley, Telford, Makhubo, Power & Alexander 2023   Causus rhombeatus Rhombic Night Adder Bates, Branch, Bauer, Burger, Marais, Alexander & Villiers [eds.] 2014 Bourquin 1989 Bourquin 2004 Branch 1998 Broadley 1983 David & Ineich 1999 Dobiey & Vogel 2007 Fitzsimons 1956 Jacobsen & Randall 2013 Jacobsen 1989 Johnson & Raw 1989 Maritz & Alexander 2007 Masterson, Maritz, Mackay & Alexander 2009 Reeves, Mdoko, Rebelo & Conradie 2021 Spawls & Branch 1995 Tolley, Telford, Makhubo, Power & Alexander 2023 Waal 1978