Snakes of Ecuador   Related checklists:  Reptiles of Ecuador (main menu) - Ecuadorian mainland - Galapagos Islands Bibliography of the reptiles of Ecuador

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Citation: Midtgaard, Rune. RepFocus - A Survey of the Reptiles of the World. www.repfocus.dk (Compilation date: 14th April, 2023).

Checklist General remarks: The list includes only formally described species. Newly discovered, but still unnamed species are excluded. However, unnamed species or species unassigned to species level are included, if they are the only representatives of their genus in the region. Species counts exclude extinct and introduced species. Doubtful records, typically older voucher specimens of uncertain origin, have been excluded if considered questionable, as are records based on sources considered unreliable or controversial. Note: Your comments to the checklist (omissions, errors, etc.) are welcomed, preferably if they are provided with reliable references. If possible, please attach a pdf file of the relevant reference to an email addressed to:

	Snakes (Serpentes)
	= endemicEX = extinct or assumed extinct Species References  Family Aniliidae (South American Pipe Snake) Genus Anilius (South American Pipe Snake)   Anilius scytale South American Pipe Snake Almendariz 1992 McDiarmid, Campbell & Toure 1999 Miyata 1982 Perez-Santos & Moreno 1991 Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 Torres-Carvajal, Pazmino-Otamendi & Salazar-Valenzuela 2019 Wallach, Williams & Boundy 2014  Family Anomalepididae (Neotropical Blind Snakes) Genus Anomalepis (Odd-scaled Blind Snakes)   * Anomalepis flavapices Esmeraldas Blind Snake Almendariz 1992 Gonzalez-Carvajal, Medina-Rangel & Rojas-Murcia 2018 Kofron 1988 McDiarmid, Campbell & Toure 1999 Miyata 1982 Perez-Santos & Moreno 1991 Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 Torres-Carvajal, Pazmino-Otamendi & Salazar-Valenzuela 2019 Wallach, Williams & Boundy 2014 Genus Liotyphlops (Smooth Blind Snakes)   * Liotyphlops petersii Guayaquil Blind Snake Almendariz 1992 Boulenger 1889 Dixon & Kofron 1984 [as albirostris] Linares-Vargas, Bolivar-Garcia, Herrera-Martinez, Osorio-Dominguez, Ospina, Thomas & Daza 2021 McDiarmid, Campbell & Toure 1999 [as albirostris] Miyata 1982 [as albirostris] Perez-Santos & Moreno 1991 [as albirostris] Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 Torres-Carvajal, Pazmino-Otamendi & Salazar-Valenzuela 2019 [as albirostris]  Family Boidae (Typical Boas) Genus Boa (Red-tailed Boas)   Boa constrictor South American Red-tailed Boa Almendariz 1992 Miyata 1982 Perez-Santos & Moreno 1991 Stimson 1969 Torres-Carvajal, Pazmino-Otamendi & Salazar-Valenzuela 2019   Boa imperator Central American Red-tailed Boa Almendariz 1992 Miyata 1982 Perez-Santos & Moreno 1991 Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 Stimson 1969 Torres-Carvajal, Pazmino-Otamendi & Salazar-Valenzuela 2019 Genus Corallus (Tree Boas)   Corallus batesii Southern Emerald Tree Boa Henderson, Passos & Feitosa 2009 Torres-Carvajal, Pazmino-Otamendi & Salazar-Valenzuela 2019   Corallus blombergi Ecuadorian Tree Boa Cruz-Garcia, Cisneros-Heredia, Sanchez-Nivicela & Amador 2020 Henderson, Passos & Feitosa 2009 Miyata 1982 Perez-Santos & Moreno 1991 Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 Pinto-Erazo & Medina-Rangel 2018 Stimson 1969 Torres-Carvajal, Pazmino-Otamendi & Salazar-Valenzuela 2019 Valencia, Arbelaez, Garzon & Picerno-Toala 2008   Corallus hortulana Amazon Tree Boa Henderson 1997 Henderson 2002 McDiarmid, Campbell & Toure 1999 Miyata 1982 [as enydris] Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 [as enydris] Torres-Carvajal, Pazmino-Otamendi & Salazar-Valenzuela 2019 Genus Epicrates (Rainbow Boas)   Epicrates cenchria Common Rainbow Boa Almendariz 1992 Camper, Torres-Carvajal, Ron, Nilsson, Arteaga, Knowles & Arbogast 2021 Duellman 1978 McDiarmid, Campbell & Toure 1999 Miyata 1982 Passos & Fernandes 2008 Perez-Santos & Moreno 1991 Torres-Carvajal, Pazmino-Otamendi & Salazar-Valenzuela 2019 Genus Eunectes (Anacondas)   Eunectes murinus Green Anaconda Almendariz 1992 Dirksen 2000 Dirksen 2002 Miyata 1982 Perez-Santos & Moreno 1991 Stimson 1969 Torres-Carvajal, Pazmino-Otamendi & Salazar-Valenzuela 2019  Family Colubridae (Typical Snakes or Colubrids) Genus Atractus (Spindle Snakes)   Atractus arangoi Putumayo Spindle Snake Arteaga, Quezada, Vieira & Guayasamin 2022   Atractus atlas Atlas Spindle Snake Passos, Scanferla, Melo-Sampaio, Brito & Almendariz 2018 Torres-Carvajal, Pazmino-Otamendi & Salazar-Valenzuela 2019   Atractus carrioni Loja Spindle Snake Almendariz 1992 Arteaga, Mebert, Valencia, Cisneros-Heredia, Penafiel, Reyes-Puig, Vieira-Fernandes & Guayasamin 2017 Miyata 1982 Passos, Chiesse, Torres-Carvajal & Savage 2009 Passos, Echevarria & Venegas 2013 Perez-Santos & Moreno 1991 Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 Torres-Carvajal, Pazmino-Otamendi & Salazar-Valenzuela 2019   * Atractus cerberus Pacoche Spindle Snake Arteaga, Mebert, Valencia, Cisneros-Heredia, Penafiel, Reyes-Puig, Vieira-Fernandes & Guayasamin 2017 Torres-Carvajal, Pazmino-Otamendi & Salazar-Valenzuela 2019   Atractus collaris Collared Spindle Snake Almendariz 1992 Passos & Fernandes 2008 Passos, Prudente, Ramos, Caicedo-Portilla & Lynch 2018 Perez-Santos & Moreno 1991 Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 Prudente & Passos 2010 Torres-Carvajal, Pazmino-Otamendi & Salazar-Valenzuela 2019   * Atractus discovery Amaluza Spindle Snake Arteaga, Quezada, Vieira & Guayasamin 2022   * Atractus duboisi Napo Spindle Snake Koehler & Kieckbusch 2014 Passos, Chiesse, Torres-Carvajal & Savage 2009 Torres-Carvajal, Pazmino-Otamendi & Salazar-Valenzuela 2019   * Atractus dunni North Ecuadorian Spindle Snake Almendariz 1992 Arteaga, Bustamante & Guayasamin 2013 Arteaga, Mebert, Valencia, Cisneros-Heredia, Penafiel, Reyes-Puig, Vieira-Fernandes & Guayasamin 2017 Cisneros-Heredia 2005 Miyata 1982 Perez-Santos & Moreno 1991 Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 Torres-Carvajal, Pazmino-Otamendi & Salazar-Valenzuela 2019   * Atractus ecuadorensis Ecuadorian Spindle Snake Almendariz 1992 Koehler & Kieckbusch 2014 Miyata 1982 Perez-Santos & Moreno 1991 Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 Torres-Carvajal, Pazmino-Otamendi & Salazar-Valenzuela 2019   Atractus elaps Black Spindle Snake Almendariz 1992 Duellman 1978 Hoogmoed 1980 Miyata 1982 Passos, Chiesse, Torres-Carvajal & Savage 2009 Perez-Santos & Moreno 1991 Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 Torres-Carvajal, Pazmino-Otamendi & Salazar-Valenzuela 2019   * Atractus esepe Caimito Spindle Snake Arteaga, Mebert, Valencia, Cisneros-Heredia, Penafiel, Reyes-Puig, Vieira-Fernandes & Guayasamin 2017 Torres-Carvajal, Pazmino-Otamendi & Salazar-Valenzuela 2019   * Atractus gaigeae Southeast Ecuadorian Spindle Snake Almendariz 1992 Miyata 1982 Passos & Fernandes 2008 Passos, Prudente, Ramos, Caicedo-Portilla & Lynch 2018 Passos, Ramos, Pinna & Prudente 2013 Perez-Santos & Moreno 1991 Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 Prudente & Passos 2010 Torres-Carvajal, Pazmino-Otamendi & Salazar-Valenzuela 2019   * Atractus gigas Giant Spindle Snake Arteaga, Bustamante & Guayasamin 2013 Myers & Schargel 2006 Passos, Dobiey & Venegas 2010 Tolhurst, Peck, Morales, Cane & Recchio 2010 Torres-Carvajal, Pazmino-Otamendi & Salazar-Valenzuela 2019   Atractus iridescens Iridescent Spindle Snake Arteaga, Mebert, Valencia, Cisneros-Heredia, Penafiel, Reyes-Puig, Vieira-Fernandes & Guayasamin 2017 Torres-Carvajal, Pazmino-Otamendi & Salazar-Valenzuela 2019   Atractus major Brown Spindle Snake Almendariz 1992 Arteaga, Quezada, Vieira & Guayasamin 2022 Camper, Torres-Carvajal, Ron, Nilsson, Arteaga, Knowles & Arbogast 2021 Koehler & Kieckbusch 2014 Martins & Oliveira 1993 Miyata 1982 Perez-Santos & Moreno 1991 Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 Schargel, Lamar, Passos, Valencia, Cisneros-Heredia & Campbell 2013 Torres-Carvajal, Pazmino-Otamendi & Salazar-Valenzuela 2019   * Atractus michaelsabini Corraleja Spindle Snake Arteaga, Quezada, Vieira & Guayasamin 2022   Atractus microrhynchus Guayaquil Spindle Snake Almendariz 1992 [as A. occidentalis] Arteaga, Mebert, Valencia, Cisneros-Heredia, Penafiel, Reyes-Puig, Vieira-Fernandes & Guayasamin 2017 [as A. occidentalis] Miyata 1982 [as A. occidentalis] Passos, Cisneros-Heredia, Rivera, Aguilar & Schargel 2012 Passos, Mueses-Cisneros, Lynch & Fernandes 2009 Perez-Santos & Moreno 1991 [as A. occidentalis] Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 [as A. occidentalis] Torres-Carvajal, Pazmino-Otamendi & Salazar-Valenzuela 2019 [as A. occidentalis]   * Atractus modestus West Ecuadorian Spindle Snake Almendariz 1992 Arteaga, Bustamante & Guayasamin 2013 Miyata 1982 Perez-Santos & Moreno 1991 Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 Torres-Carvajal, Pazmino-Otamendi & Salazar-Valenzuela 2019   Atractus multicinctus Many-banded Spindle Snake Almendariz 1992 Miyata 1982 Passos, Mueses-Cisneros, Lynch & Fernandes 2009 Perez-Santos & Moreno 1991 Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 Torres-Carvajal, Pazmino-Otamendi & Salazar-Valenzuela 2019   Atractus occipitoalbus Grey Spindle Snake Almendariz 1992 Passos & Fernandes 2008 Passos, Chiesse, Torres-Carvajal & Savage 2009 Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 Torres-Carvajal, Pazmino-Otamendi & Salazar-Valenzuela 2019   Atractus orcesi Orellana Spindle Snake Camper, Torres-Carvajal, Ron, Nilsson, Arteaga, Knowles & Arbogast 2021 Passos, Chiesse, Torres-Carvajal & Savage 2009 Torres-Carvajal, Pazmino-Otamendi & Salazar-Valenzuela 2019   Atractus pachacamac Sumaco Spindle Snake Arteaga, Quezada, Vieira & Guayasamin 2022 Melo-Sampaio, Passos, Prudente, Venegas & Torres-Carvajal 2021   * Atractus paucidens Pichincha Spindle Snake Almendariz 1992 Miyata 1982 Passos, Mueses-Cisneros, Lynch & Fernandes 2009 Perez-Santos & Moreno 1991 Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 Torres-Carvajal, Pazmino-Otamendi & Salazar-Valenzuela 2019   * Atractus resplendens Resplendent Spindle Snake Almendariz 1992 Arteaga, Quezada, Vieira & Guayasamin 2022 Miyata 1982 Perez-Santos & Moreno 1991 Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 Torres-Carvajal, Pazmino-Otamendi & Salazar-Valenzuela 2019   * Atractus roulei Alausi Spindle Snake Almendariz 1992 Arteaga, Mebert, Valencia, Cisneros-Heredia, Penafiel, Reyes-Puig, Vieira-Fernandes & Guayasamin 2017 [as A. pyroni] Arteaga, Quezada, Vieira & Guayasamin 2022 Miyata 1982 Passos, Chiesse, Torres-Carvajal & Savage 2009 Perez-Santos & Moreno 1991 Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 Torres-Carvajal, Pazmino-Otamendi & Salazar-Valenzuela 2019 [as A. pyroni]   * Atractus savagei Tulcan Spindle Snake Salazar-Valenzuela, Torres-Carvajal & Passos 2014 Torres-Carvajal, Pazmino-Otamendi & Salazar-Valenzuela 2019   Atractus torquatus Rusty Spindle Snake Torres-Carvajal, Pazmino-Otamendi & Salazar-Valenzuela 2019   * Atractus touzeti Guacamayos Spindle Snake Schargel, Lamar, Passos, Valencia, Cisneros-Heredia & Campbell 2013 Torres-Carvajal, Pazmino-Otamendi & Salazar-Valenzuela 2019   Atractus typhon Typhon Spindle Snake Torres-Carvajal, Pazmino-Otamendi & Salazar-Valenzuela 2019   * Atractus ukupacha El Chaco Spindle Snake Melo-Sampaio, Passos, Prudente, Venegas & Torres-Carvajal 2021   * Atractus zgap Santa Rosa Spindle Snake Arteaga, Quezada, Vieira & Guayasamin 2022 Genus Chironius (Sipos)   Chironius exoletus Green Sipo Arteaga, Bustamante & Guayasamin 2013 Camper, Torres-Carvajal, Ron, Nilsson, Arteaga, Knowles & Arbogast 2021 Dixon, Wiest & Cei 1993 Perez-Santos & Moreno 1991 Torres-Carvajal, Pazmino-Otamendi & Salazar-Valenzuela 2019   Chironius flavopictus Yellow-spotted Sipo Almendariz 1992 Dixon, Wiest & Cei 1993 Miyata 1982 Perez-Santos & Moreno 1991 Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 Torres-Carvajal, Pazmino-Otamendi & Salazar-Valenzuela 2019   Chironius fuscus Brown Sipo Almendariz 1992 Dixon, Wiest & Cei 1993 Miyata 1982 Perez-Santos & Moreno 1991 Torres-Carvajal, Pazmino-Otamendi & Salazar-Valenzuela 2019   Chironius grandisquamis Large-scaled Sipo Almendariz 1992 Arteaga, Bustamante & Guayasamin 2013 Dixon, Wiest & Cei 1993 Miyata 1982 Perez-Santos & Moreno 1991 Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 [as schlueteri] Torres-Carvajal, Pazmino-Otamendi & Salazar-Valenzuela 2019   Chironius leucometapus White-fronted Sipo Torres-Carvajal, Koch, Valencia, Venegas & Echevarria 2019   Chironius monticola Mountain Sipo Dixon, Wiest & Cei 1993 Perez-Santos & Moreno 1991 Torres-Carvajal, Pazmino-Otamendi & Salazar-Valenzuela 2019   Chironius multiventris Peruvian Sipo Almendariz 1992 Dixon, Wiest & Cei 1993 Miyata 1982 Perez-Santos & Moreno 1991 Torres-Carvajal, Pazmino-Otamendi & Salazar-Valenzuela 2019   Chironius scurrulus Rusty Sipo Almendariz 1992 Camper, Torres-Carvajal, Ron, Nilsson, Arteaga, Knowles & Arbogast 2021 Dixon, Wiest & Cei 1993 Miyata 1982 Perez-Santos & Moreno 1991 Torres-Carvajal, Pazmino-Otamendi & Salazar-Valenzuela 2019 Genus Chlorosoma (Green Bush Racers)   Chlorosoma viridissimum Emerald Bush Racer Almendariz 1992 Camper, Torres-Carvajal, Ron, Nilsson, Arteaga, Knowles & Arbogast 2021 Freitas, Franca & Bernarde 2012 Miyata 1982 Perez-Santos & Moreno 1991 Thomas 1976 Torres-Carvajal, Pazmino-Otamendi & Salazar-Valenzuela 2019 Genus Clelia (Northern Snake Eaters)   Clelia clelia Common Snake Eater Almendariz 1992 Camper, Torres-Carvajal, Ron, Nilsson, Arteaga, Knowles & Arbogast 2021 Cisneros-Heredia, Kuch, Lascano & Wuster 2007 Miyata 1982 Perez-Santos & Moreno 1991 Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 Torres-Carvajal, Pazmino-Otamendi & Salazar-Valenzuela 2019 Zaher 1996   Clelia equatoriana Equatorial Snake Eater Almendariz 1992 Arteaga, Bustamante & Guayasamin 2013 Miyata 1982 Perez-Santos & Moreno 1991 Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 Torres-Carvajal, Pazmino-Otamendi & Salazar-Valenzuela 2019 Zaher 1996 Genus Coniophanes (Black-striped Snakes)   * Coniophanes dromiciformis Ecuadorian Black-striped Snake Almendariz 1992 Flores-Villela & Smith 2009 Miyata 1982 Perez-Santos & Moreno 1991 Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 Torres-Carvajal, Pazmino-Otamendi & Salazar-Valenzuela 2019   Coniophanes fissidens Central American Yellow-bellied Snake Almendariz 1992 Miyata 1982 Perez-Santos & Moreno 1991 Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 Torres-Carvajal, Pazmino-Otamendi & Salazar-Valenzuela 2019   Coniophanes longinquus Peruvian Black-striped Snake Torres-Carvajal, Pazmino-Otamendi & Salazar-Valenzuela 2019 Genus Dendrophidion (Forest Racers)   Dendrophidion bivittatum Two-lined Forest Racer Miyata 1982 Torres-Carvajal, Pazmino-Otamendi & Salazar-Valenzuela 2019 Valencia, Garzon-T. & Betancourt-Yepez 2007   Dendrophidion brunneum Brown Forest Racer Almendariz 1992 Cadle 2010 Miyata 1982 Perez-Santos & Moreno 1991 Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 Torres-Carvajal, Pazmino-Otamendi & Salazar-Valenzuela 2019   Dendrophidion clarkii Panamanian Black-naped Forest Racer Almendariz 1992 [as nuchalis] Arteaga, Bustamante & Guayasamin 2013 Cadle & Savage 2012 Lieb 1991 [as D. nuchale] McCranie 2011 Perez-Santos & Moreno 1991 [as D. nuchalis] Torres-Carvajal, Pazmino-Otamendi & Salazar-Valenzuela 2019   Dendrophidion dendrophis Tawny Forest Racer Almendariz 1992 Duellman 1978 Miyata 1982 Perez-Santos & Moreno 1991 Torres-Carvajal, Pazmino-Otamendi & Salazar-Valenzuela 2019   * Dendrophidion graciliverpa El Oro Forest Racer Arteaga, Bustamante & Guayasamin 2013 Cadle 2012 Torres-Carvajal, Pazmino-Otamendi & Salazar-Valenzuela 2019   Dendrophidion prolixum Cauca Forest Racer Cadle 2012 Torres-Carvajal, Pazmino-Otamendi & Salazar-Valenzuela 2019 Genus Diaphorolepis (Frog Eaters)   Diaphorolepis wagneri Ecuadorian Frog Eater Almendariz 1992 Arteaga, Bustamante & Guayasamin 2013 Miyata 1982 Perez-Santos & Moreno 1991 Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 Torres-Carvajal, Pazmino-Otamendi & Salazar-Valenzuela 2019 Genus Dipsas (Neotropical Snail Eaters)   * Dipsas andiana Andean Snail Eater Almendariz 1992 [as nicholsi] Arteaga, Bustamante & Guayasamin 2013 Cadle & Myers 2003 Cadle 2005 Cisneros-Heredia 2007 Harvey 2008 Miyata 1982 [as nicholsi] Perez-Santos & Moreno 1991 [as nicholsi] Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 [as nicholsi] Peters 1965 [as nicholsi] Torres-Carvajal, Pazmino-Otamendi & Salazar-Valenzuela 2019   Dipsas bobridgelyi El Oro Snail Eater Arteaga, Salazar-Valenzuela, Mebert, Penafiel, Aguiar, Sanchez-Nivicela, Pyron, Colston, Cisneros-Heredia, Yanez-Munoz, Venegas, Guayasamin & Torres-Carvajal 2018 Torres-Carvajal, Pazmino-Otamendi & Salazar-Valenzuela 2019   Dipsas catesbyi Ornate Snail Eater Almendariz 1992 Camper, Torres-Carvajal, Ron, Nilsson, Arteaga, Knowles & Arbogast 2021 Harvey & Embert 2008 Harvey 2008 Lima & Prudente 2009 Miyata 1982 Perez-Santos & Moreno 1991 Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 Peters 1960 Peters 1965 Sanchez-Martinez, Franca & Trevine 2022 Torres-Carvajal, Pazmino-Otamendi & Salazar-Valenzuela 2019   * Dipsas elegans Elegant Snail Eater Almendariz 1992 Arteaga, Bustamante & Guayasamin 2013 Cadle 2005 Harvey 2008 Miyata 1982 Perez-Santos & Moreno 1991 Peters 1965 Torres-Carvajal, Pazmino-Otamendi & Salazar-Valenzuela 2019   * Dipsas ellipsifera Ibarra Snail Eater Almendariz 1992 Cadle 2005 Harvey 2008 Perez-Santos & Moreno 1991 Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 Peters 1960 Torres-Carvajal, Pazmino-Otamendi & Salazar-Valenzuela 2019   * Dipsas georgejetti Manabi Snail Eater Arteaga, Salazar-Valenzuela, Mebert, Penafiel, Aguiar, Sanchez-Nivicela, Pyron, Colston, Cisneros-Heredia, Yanez-Munoz, Venegas, Guayasamin & Torres-Carvajal 2018 Torres-Carvajal, Pazmino-Otamendi & Salazar-Valenzuela 2019   Dipsas gracilis Graceful Snail Eater Almendariz 1992 Arteaga, Bustamante & Guayasamin 2013 Cadle 2005 Harvey & Embert 2008 Harvey 2008 Miyata 1982 Perez-Santos & Moreno 1991 Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 Peters 1960 Peters 1965 Torres-Carvajal, Pazmino-Otamendi & Salazar-Valenzuela 2019   Dipsas indica Big-headed Snail Eater Almendariz 1992 Arteaga, Salazar-Valenzuela, Mebert, Penafiel, Aguiar, Sanchez-Nivicela, Pyron, Colston, Cisneros-Heredia, Yanez-Munoz, Venegas, Guayasamin & Torres-Carvajal 2018 Harvey 2008 Miyata 1982 Perez-Santos & Moreno 1991 Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 Peters 1960 Peters 1965 Torres-Carvajal, Pazmino-Otamendi & Salazar-Valenzuela 2019   * Dipsas jamespetersi Zhila Snail Eater Almendariz 1992 [as Sibynomorphus petersi] Arteaga, Salazar-Valenzuela, Mebert, Penafiel, Aguiar, Sanchez-Nivicela, Pyron, Colston, Cisneros-Heredia, Yanez-Munoz, Venegas, Guayasamin & Torres-Carvajal 2018 Harvey 2008 [as Sibynomorphus petersi] Perez-Santos & Moreno 1991 [as Sibynomorphus petersi] Torres-Carvajal, Pazmino-Otamendi & Salazar-Valenzuela 2019   * Dipsas klebbai Napo Snail Eater Arteaga, Salazar-Valenzuela, Mebert, Penafiel, Aguiar, Sanchez-Nivicela, Pyron, Colston, Cisneros-Heredia, Yanez-Munoz, Venegas, Guayasamin & Torres-Carvajal 2018 Torres-Carvajal, Pazmino-Otamendi & Salazar-Valenzuela 2019   * Dipsas oligozonata Azuay Snail Eater Almendariz 1992 Arteaga, Salazar-Valenzuela, Mebert, Penafiel, Aguiar, Sanchez-Nivicela, Pyron, Colston, Cisneros-Heredia, Yanez-Munoz, Venegas, Guayasamin & Torres-Carvajal 2018 Perez-Santos & Moreno 1991 Torres-Carvajal, Pazmino-Otamendi & Salazar-Valenzuela 2019   Dipsas oreas Quito Snail Eater Almendariz 1992 Arteaga, Salazar-Valenzuela, Mebert, Penafiel, Aguiar, Sanchez-Nivicela, Pyron, Colston, Cisneros-Heredia, Yanez-Munoz, Venegas, Guayasamin & Torres-Carvajal 2018 Cadle 2005 Harvey & Embert 2008 Harvey 2008 Miyata 1982 Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 Peters 1960 Peters 1965 Torres-Carvajal, Pazmino-Otamendi & Salazar-Valenzuela 2019   Dipsas oswaldobaezi Loja Snail Eater Arteaga, Salazar-Valenzuela, Mebert, Penafiel, Aguiar, Sanchez-Nivicela, Pyron, Colston, Cisneros-Heredia, Yanez-Munoz, Venegas, Guayasamin & Torres-Carvajal 2018 Torres-Carvajal, Pazmino-Otamendi & Salazar-Valenzuela 2019   Dipsas palmeri Tungurahua Snail Eater Almendariz 1992 [as latifasciata] Arteaga, Salazar-Valenzuela, Mebert, Penafiel, Aguiar, Sanchez-Nivicela, Pyron, Colston, Cisneros-Heredia, Yanez-Munoz, Venegas, Guayasamin & Torres-Carvajal 2018 Boulenger 1912 Camper, Torres-Carvajal, Ron, Nilsson, Arteaga, Knowles & Arbogast 2021 Miyata 1982 [as latifasciata] Perez-Santos & Moreno 1991 [as latifasciata] Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 [as latifasciata] Peters 1965 [as latifasciata] Torres-Carvajal, Pazmino-Otamendi & Salazar-Valenzuela 2019   Dipsas pavonina Northern Snail Eater Almendariz 1992 Arteaga, Salazar-Valenzuela, Mebert, Penafiel, Aguiar, Sanchez-Nivicela, Pyron, Colston, Cisneros-Heredia, Yanez-Munoz, Venegas, Guayasamin & Torres-Carvajal 2018 Camper, Torres-Carvajal, Ron, Nilsson, Arteaga, Knowles & Arbogast 2021 Duellman 1978 Lima & Prudente 2009 Miyata 1982 Perez-Santos & Moreno 1991 Peters 1960 Torres-Carvajal, Pazmino-Otamendi & Salazar-Valenzuela 2019 w   Dipsas temporalis Esmeraldes Snail Eater Almendariz 1992 Arteaga, Salazar-Valenzuela, Mebert, Penafiel, Aguiar, Sanchez-Nivicela, Pyron, Colston, Cisneros-Heredia, Yanez-Munoz, Venegas, Guayasamin & Torres-Carvajal 2018 Cadle 2005 Harvey 2008 Miyata 1982 Perez-Santos & Moreno 1991 Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 Peters 1960 Peters 1965 Torres-Carvajal, Pazmino-Otamendi & Salazar-Valenzuela 2019   Dipsas variegata Many-banded Snail Eater Arteaga, Salazar-Valenzuela, Mebert, Penafiel, Aguiar, Sanchez-Nivicela, Pyron, Colston, Cisneros-Heredia, Yanez-Munoz, Venegas, Guayasamin & Torres-Carvajal 2018 Torres-Carvajal, Pazmino-Otamendi & Salazar-Valenzuela 2019   Dipsas vermiculata Vermiculate Snail Eater Almendariz 1992 Arteaga, Salazar-Valenzuela, Mebert, Penafiel, Aguiar, Sanchez-Nivicela, Pyron, Colston, Cisneros-Heredia, Yanez-Munoz, Venegas, Guayasamin & Torres-Carvajal 2018 Harvey & Embert 2008 Harvey 2008 Miyata 1982 Perez-Santos & Moreno 1991 Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 Peters 1960 Peters 1965 Torres-Carvajal, Pazmino-Otamendi & Salazar-Valenzuela 2019   Dipsas welborni Zamora Chinchipe Snail Eater Arteaga & Batista 2023 Genus Drepanoides (Amazon Egg Eater)   Drepanoides anomalus Amazon Egg Eater Almendariz 1992 Duellman 1978 Guedes, Queiroz, Sousa & Hamdan 2020 Miyata 1982 Perez-Santos & Moreno 1991 Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 Torres-Carvajal, Pazmino-Otamendi & Salazar-Valenzuela 2019 Genus Drymarchon (Indigo Snakes and Cribos)   Drymarchon corais Yellow-tailed Cribo Almendariz 1992 Miyata 1982 Perez-Santos & Moreno 1991 Torres-Carvajal, Pazmino-Otamendi & Salazar-Valenzuela 2019   Drymarchon melanurus Black-tailed Cribo Almendariz 1992 Miyata 1982 Perez-Santos & Moreno 1991 Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 Torres-Carvajal, Pazmino-Otamendi & Salazar-Valenzuela 2019 Wuster, Yrausquin & Mijares-Urrutia 2001 Genus Drymobius (Central American Racers)   Drymobius rhombifer Diamondback Racer Almendariz 1992 Miyata 1982 Perez-Santos & Moreno 1991 Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 Torres-Carvajal, Pazmino-Otamendi & Salazar-Valenzuela 2019 Genus Drymoluber (Glossy Racers)   Drymoluber dichrous Northern Glossy Racer Almendariz 1992 Caldeira-Costa, Ribeiro-Moura & Neves-Feio 2013 Camper, Torres-Carvajal, Ron, Nilsson, Arteaga, Knowles & Arbogast 2021 Miyata 1982 Perez-Santos & Moreno 1991 Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 Torres-Carvajal, Pazmino-Otamendi & Salazar-Valenzuela 2019 Genus Emmochliophis (Pichincha Snake and Paramba Fishing Snake)   * Emmochliophis fugleri Pichincha Snake Almendariz 1992 Maynard, Culebras, Kohn, Guayasamin & Trageser 2021 Miyata 1982 Perez-Santos & Moreno 1991 Torres-Carvajal, Pazmino-Otamendi & Salazar-Valenzuela 2019   Emmochliophis miops Paramba Fishing Snake Almendariz 1992 Miyata 1982 Perez-Santos & Moreno 1991 Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 Torres-Carvajal, Pazmino-Otamendi & Salazar-Valenzuela 2019 Vera-Perez, Campbell & Montingelli 2020 Genus Erythrolamprus (Neotropical Smooth Snakes)   Erythrolamprus aesculapii Southern Mock Coral Snake Almendariz 1992 Camper, Torres-Carvajal, Ron, Nilsson, Arteaga, Knowles & Arbogast 2021 Curcio, Scali & Rodrigues 2015 Duellman 1978 Miyata 1982 Perez-Santos & Moreno 1991 Torres-Carvajal & Hinojosa 2020 Torres-Carvajal, Pazmino-Otamendi & Salazar-Valenzuela 2019   Erythrolamprus albiventris Quito Smooth Snake Almendariz 1992 Dixon 1983 Dixon 1989 Miyata 1982 Perez-Santos & Moreno 1991 Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 Torres-Carvajal & Hinojosa 2020   Erythrolamprus breviceps Short-headed Smooth Snake Almendariz 1992 Camper, Torres-Carvajal, Ron, Nilsson, Arteaga, Knowles & Arbogast 2021 Dixon 1989 Miyata 1982 Perez-Santos & Moreno 1991 Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 Torres-Carvajal, Pazmino-Otamendi & Salazar-Valenzuela 2019   Erythrolamprus epinephelus Fire-bellied Smooth Snake Almendariz 1992 Arteaga, Bustamante & Guayasamin 2013 Dixon 1983 Dixon 1989 Miyata 1982 Perez-Santos & Moreno 1991 Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 Torres-Carvajal, Pazmino-Otamendi & Salazar-Valenzuela 2019   Erythrolamprus festae Santiago River Smooth Snake Almendariz 1992 Dixon 1989 Dixon 2000 Entiauspe-Neto, Abegg, Koch, Nunez, Azevedo, Moraes, Tiutenko, Bialves & Loebmann 2021 Miyata 1982 Perez-Santos & Moreno 1991 Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 Torres-Carvajal & Hinojosa 2020 Torres-Carvajal, Pazmino-Otamendi & Salazar-Valenzuela 2019   Erythrolamprus fraseri Ecuadorian Smooth Snake Almendariz 1992 Dixon 1983 Dixon 1989 Entiauspe-Neto, Abegg, Koch, Nunez, Azevedo, Moraes, Tiutenko, Bialves & Loebmann 2021 Miyata 1982 Perez-Santos & Moreno 1991 Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 Torres-Carvajal & Hinojosa 2020   Erythrolamprus guentheri Ecuadorian Mock Coral Snake Almendariz 1992 Curcio, Scali & Rodrigues 2015 Miyata 1982 Perez-Santos & Moreno 1991 Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 Torres-Carvajal, Pazmino-Otamendi & Salazar-Valenzuela 2019   Erythrolamprus lamonae Sonson Smooth Snake Almendariz 1992 Dixon 1983 Dixon 1989 Miyata 1982 Perez-Santos & Moreno 1991 Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 Torres-Carvajal & Hinojosa 2020   Erythrolamprus miliaris Military Smooth Snake Almendariz 1992 Dixon 1983 Dixon 1989 Miyata 1982 Perez-Santos & Moreno 1991 Torres-Carvajal, Pazmino-Otamendi & Salazar-Valenzuela 2019   Erythrolamprus mimus Mimic Mock Coral Snake Almendariz 1992 Curcio, Scali & Rodrigues 2015 Miyata 1982 Perez-Santos & Moreno 1991 Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 Torres-Carvajal & Hinojosa 2020 Torres-Carvajal, Pazmino-Otamendi & Salazar-Valenzuela 2019   Erythrolamprus pygmaeus Amazon Dwarf Forest Snake Almendariz 1992 Kawashita-Ribeiro, Carvalho, Lima, Avila & Fraga 2011 Miyata 1982 Perez-Santos & Moreno 1991 Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 Torres-Carvajal, Pazmino-Otamendi & Salazar-Valenzuela 2019 Vechio, Teixeira-Junior, Recoder, Sena, Souza & Rodrigues 2015   Erythrolamprus reginae Northern Royal Smooth Snake Almendariz 1992 Ascenso, Costa & Prudente 2019 Camper, Torres-Carvajal, Ron, Nilsson, Arteaga, Knowles & Arbogast 2021 Dixon 1989 Miyata 1982 Perez-Santos & Moreno 1991 Torres-Carvajal & Hinojosa 2020 Torres-Carvajal, Pazmino-Otamendi & Salazar-Valenzuela 2019   * Erythrolamprus subocularis Paramba Smooth Snake Boulenger 1902 Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 Torres-Carvajal, Pazmino-Otamendi & Salazar-Valenzuela 2019   Erythrolamprus taeniogaster Banded Smooth Snake Almendariz 1992 [as cobellus dyticus] Dixon 1989 [as cobellus dyticus] Perez-Santos & Moreno 1991 [as cobella dyticus] Torres-Carvajal & Hinojosa 2020 Torres-Carvajal, Pazmino-Otamendi & Salazar-Valenzuela 2019   Erythrolamprus typhlus Velvety Smooth Snake Almendariz 1992 Dixon 1987 Dixon 1989 Miyata 1982 Perez-Santos & Moreno 1991 Torres-Carvajal, Pazmino-Otamendi & Salazar-Valenzuela 2019   * Erythrolamprus vitti Maldonado Smooth Snake Dixon 2000 Entiauspe-Neto, Abegg, Koch, Nunez, Azevedo, Moraes, Tiutenko, Bialves & Loebmann 2021 Torres-Carvajal & Hinojosa 2020 Torres-Carvajal, Pazmino-Otamendi & Salazar-Valenzuela 2019 Genus Eutrachelophis (Beautiful-necked Smooth Snakes)   Eutrachelophis bassleri Loreto Smooth Snake Myers & McDowell 2014 Torres-Carvajal, Pazmino-Otamendi & Salazar-Valenzuela 2019 Zaher & Prudente 2019 Genus Helicops (South American Keelbacks)   Helicops angulatus Brown-banded Keelback Almendariz 1992 Miyata 1982 Perez-Santos & Moreno 1991 Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 Roberto, Ribeiro, Sousa-Delfino & Oliveira-Almeida 2009 Torres-Carvajal, Pazmino-Otamendi & Salazar-Valenzuela 2019   Helicops leopardinus Leopard Keelback Cisneros-Heredia 2006 Torres-Carvajal, Pazmino-Otamendi & Salazar-Valenzuela 2019   Helicops pastazae Pastaza River Keelback Almendariz 1992 Miyata 1982 Moraes-da-Silva, Amaro, Sales Nunes, Rodrigues & Curcio 2021 Moraes-da-Silva, Amaro, Sales Nunes, Strussmann, Teixeira, Andrade, Sudre, Recoder, Rodrigues & Curcio 2019 Perez-Santos & Moreno 1991 Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 Rossman 1976 Torres-Carvajal, Pazmino-Otamendi & Salazar-Valenzuela 2019   * Helicops petersi Napo Keelback Almendariz 1992 Miyata 1982 Moraes-da-Silva, Amaro, Sales Nunes, Rodrigues & Curcio 2021 Moraes-da-Silva, Amaro, Sales Nunes, Strussmann, Teixeira, Andrade, Sudre, Recoder, Rodrigues & Curcio 2019 Perez-Santos & Moreno 1991 Rossman 1976 Torres-Carvajal, Pazmino-Otamendi & Salazar-Valenzuela 2019 Genus Hydrops (South American Mud Snakes)   Hydrops martii Coral Mud Snake Almendariz 1992 Torres-Carvajal, Pazmino-Otamendi & Salazar-Valenzuela 2019   Hydrops triangularis Red-sided Mud Snake Albuquerque & Lema 2008 Almendariz 1992 Perez-Santos & Moreno 1991 Torres-Carvajal, Pazmino-Otamendi & Salazar-Valenzuela 2019 Genus Imantodes (American Blunt-headed Tree Snakes)   Imantodes cenchoa Common Blunt-headed Tree Snake Almendariz 1992 Arteaga, Bustamante & Guayasamin 2013 Camper, Torres-Carvajal, Ron, Nilsson, Arteaga, Knowles & Arbogast 2021 Duellman 1978 Miyata 1982 Perez-Santos & Moreno 1991 Torres-Carvajal, Pazmino-Otamendi & Salazar-Valenzuela 2019 Torres-Carvajal, Yanez-Munoz, Quirola, Smith & Almendariz 2012   Imantodes chocoensis Chocoan Blunt-headed Tree Snake Torres-Carvajal, Pazmino-Otamendi & Salazar-Valenzuela 2019 Torres-Carvajal, Yanez-Munoz, Quirola, Smith & Almendariz 2012   Imantodes inornatus Yellow Blunt-headed Tree Snake Almendariz 1992 Miyata 1982 Perez-Santos & Moreno 1991 Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 Torres-Carvajal, Pazmino-Otamendi & Salazar-Valenzuela 2019 Torres-Carvajal, Yanez-Munoz, Quirola, Smith & Almendariz 2012   Imantodes lentiferus Amazon Blunt-headed Tree Snake Almendariz 1992 Camper, Torres-Carvajal, Ron, Nilsson, Arteaga, Knowles & Arbogast 2021 Duellman 1978 Frota, Missassi, Santos-Costa & Prudente 2015 Miyata 1982 Perez-Santos & Moreno 1991 Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 Torres-Carvajal, Pazmino-Otamendi & Salazar-Valenzuela 2019 Torres-Carvajal, Yanez-Munoz, Quirola, Smith & Almendariz 2012 Genus Incaspis (Andean Bush Racers)   * Incaspis amaru Azuay Bush Racer Torres-Carvajal, Pazmino-Otamendi & Salazar-Valenzuela 2019 Zaher, Arredondo, Valencia, Abbelaez, Rodrigues & Altamirano-Benavides 2014   Incaspis simonsii Cajamarca Bush Racer Almendariz 1992 Miyata 1982 Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 Thomas 1976 Torres-Carvajal, Pazmino-Otamendi & Salazar-Valenzuela 2019 Zaher, Arredondo, Valencia, Abbelaez, Rodrigues & Altamirano-Benavides 2014 Genus Lampropeltis (King Snakes and Milk Snakes)   Lampropeltis micropholis Southern Milk Snake Almendariz 1992 Markel 1990 Miyata 1982 Perez-Santos & Moreno 1991 Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 Ruane 2015 Ruane, Bryson, Pyron & Burbrink 2014 Torres-Carvajal, Pazmino-Otamendi & Salazar-Valenzuela 2019 Genus Leptodeira (Typical Cat-eyed Snakes)   Leptodeira annulata South American Banded Cat-eyed Snake Almendariz 1992 Barrio-Amoros 2019 Camper, Torres-Carvajal, Ron, Nilsson, Arteaga, Knowles & Arbogast 2021 Duellman 1958 Miyata 1982 Perez-Santos & Moreno 1991 Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 Torres-Carvajal, Pazmino-Otamendi & Salazar-Valenzuela 2019   Leptodeira approximans Chayahuitas Banded Cat-eyed Snake Costa, Graboski, Grazziotin, Zaher, Rodrigues & Prudente 2022   * Leptodeira misinawui Jubones Cat-eyed Snake Torres-Carvajal, Sanchez-Nivicela, Posse, Celi & Koch 2020   Leptodeira ornata Panamanian Small-spotted Cat-eyed Snake Almendariz 1992 Arteaga, Bustamante & Guayasamin 2013 Barrio-Amoros 2019 Duellman 1958 Miyata 1982 Perez-Santos & Moreno 1991 Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 Torres-Carvajal, Sanchez-Nivicela, Posse, Celi & Koch 2020 Genus Leptophis (Neotropical Parrot Snakes)   Leptophis bocourti Paramba Parrot Snake Albuquerque & Fernandes 2022 Albuquerque, Santos, Borges-Nojosa & Avila 2022 Almendariz 1992 Boulenger 1898 Miyata 1982 Oliver 1948 Perez-Santos & Moreno 1991 Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 Torres-Carvajal & Teran 2021   Leptophis cupreus Copper Parrot Snake Albuquerque & McDiarmid 2010 Almendariz 1992 Arteaga, Bustamante & Guayasamin 2013 Miyata 1982 Perez-Santos & Moreno 1991 Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 Torres-Carvajal & Teran 2021 Torres-Carvajal, Pazmino-Otamendi & Salazar-Valenzuela 2019   Leptophis depressirostris Satiny Parrot Snake Almendariz 1992 Miyata 1982 Oliver 1948 Perez-Santos & Moreno 1991 Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 Torres-Carvajal, Pazmino-Otamendi & Salazar-Valenzuela 2019   Leptophis nigromarginatus Black-skinned Green Parrot Snake Albuquerque & Fernandes 2022 Almendariz 1992 Miyata 1982 Oliver 1948 Perez-Santos & Moreno 1991 Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 Torres-Carvajal & Teran 2021   Leptophis occidentalis Guayaquil Parrot Snake Albuquerque & Fernandes 2022 Albuquerque, Santos, Borges-Nojosa & Avila 2022 Almendariz 1992 Miyata 1982 Oliver 1948 Perez-Santos & Moreno 1991 Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 Torres-Carvajal & Teran 2021   Leptophis riveti Oblique Parrot Snake Almendariz 1992 Miyata 1982 Oliver 1948 Perez-Santos & Moreno 1991 Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 Torres-Carvajal & Teran 2021 Torres-Carvajal, Pazmino-Otamendi & Salazar-Valenzuela 2019 Genus Lygophis (South American Striped Ground Snakes)   Lygophis lineatus Western Striped Ground Snake Almendariz 1992 Dixon 1989 Michaud & Dixon 1987 Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 Torres-Carvajal, Pazmino-Otamendi & Salazar-Valenzuela 2019 Genus Mastigodryas (Neotropical Lizard Eaters)   Mastigodryas heathii Peruvian Lizard Eater Cadle 2012 Montingelli 2009 Montingelli, Valencia, Benavides & Zaher 2011 Perez-Santos & Moreno 1991 Torres-Carvajal, Pazmino-Otamendi & Salazar-Valenzuela 2019   Mastigodryas pulchriceps Quito Lizard Eater Almendariz 1992 Arteaga, Bustamante & Guayasamin 2013 Miyata 1982 Montingelli 2009 Montingelli, Grazziotin, Battilana, Murphy, Zhang & Zaher 2019 Montingelli, Valencia, Benavides & Zaher 2011 Perez-Santos & Moreno 1991 Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 Torres-Carvajal, Pazmino-Otamendi & Salazar-Valenzuela 2019   Mastigodryas reticulatus Guayaquil Lizard Eater Montingelli 2009 Montingelli, Grazziotin, Battilana, Murphy, Zhang & Zaher 2019 Montingelli, Valencia, Benavides & Zaher 2011 Torres-Carvajal 2004 [as melanolomus] Torres-Carvajal, Pazmino-Otamendi & Salazar-Valenzuela 2019 Genus Ninia (Coffee Snakes)   Ninia atrata Red-naped Coffee Snake Almendariz 1992 Arteaga, Bustamante & Guayasamin 2013 Miyata 1982 Perez-Santos & Moreno 1991 Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 Savage 2002 Torres-Carvajal, Pazmino-Otamendi & Salazar-Valenzuela 2019   Ninia hudsoni Guyana White-collared Coffee Snake Almendariz 1992 Angarita-Sierra 2014 Camper, Torres-Carvajal, Ron, Nilsson, Arteaga, Knowles & Arbogast 2021 Miyata 1982 Perez-Santos & Moreno 1991 Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 Torres-Carvajal, Pazmino-Otamendi & Salazar-Valenzuela 2019   Ninia teresitae Tumaco Coffee Snake Angarita-Sierra 2018 Torres-Carvajal, Pazmino-Otamendi & Salazar-Valenzuela 2019 Genus Nothopsis (Rugose Litter Snake)   Nothopsis rugosus Rugose Litter Snake Almendariz 1992 Miyata 1982 Perez-Santos & Moreno 1991 Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 Torres-Carvajal, Pazmino-Otamendi & Salazar-Valenzuela 2019 Genus Oxybelis (Neotropical Vine Snakes)   Oxybelis aeneus Brown Vine Snake Almendariz 1992 [[part?]] Keiser 1974 [[part?]] Miyata 1982 [[part?]] Perez-Santos & Moreno 1991 [[part?]] Torres-Carvajal, Pazmino-Otamendi & Salazar-Valenzuela 2019   Oxybelis brevirostris Short-nosed Vine Snake Almendariz 1992 Miyata 1982 Perez-Santos & Moreno 1991 Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 Torres-Carvajal, Pazmino-Otamendi & Salazar-Valenzuela 2019   Oxybelis fulgidus Green Vine Snake Almendariz 1992 Miyata 1982 Perez-Santos & Moreno 1991 Torres-Carvajal, Pazmino-Otamendi & Salazar-Valenzuela 2019   Oxybelis inkaterra Peruvian Vine Snake Torres-Carvajal, Mejia-Guerrero & Teran 2021   * Oxybelis transandinus Bosqueira Vine Snake Torres-Carvajal, Mejia-Guerrero & Teran 2021 Genus Oxyrhopus (Calico Snakes)   Oxyrhopus fitzingeri Peruvian Calico Snake Almendariz 1992 Cuadrado, Loor & Narvaez 2020 Miyata 1982 Perez-Santos & Moreno 1991 Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 Torres-Carvajal, Pazmino-Otamendi & Salazar-Valenzuela 2019   Oxyrhopus leucomelas Tolima Calico Snake Almendariz 1992 Miyata 1982 Perez-Santos & Moreno 1991 Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 Torres-Carvajal, Pazmino-Otamendi & Salazar-Valenzuela 2019   Oxyrhopus melanogenys Black-headed Calico Snake Almendariz 1992 Camper, Torres-Carvajal, Ron, Nilsson, Arteaga, Knowles & Arbogast 2021 Miyata 1982 Perez-Santos & Moreno 1991 Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 Torres-Carvajal, Pazmino-Otamendi & Salazar-Valenzuela 2019   Oxyrhopus occipitalis Northern Calico Snake Camper, Torres-Carvajal, Ron, Nilsson, Arteaga, Knowles & Arbogast 2021 Torres-Carvajal, Pazmino-Otamendi & Salazar-Valenzuela 2019   Oxyrhopus petolarius Banded Calico Snake Almendariz 1992 Arteaga, Bustamante & Guayasamin 2013 Camper, Torres-Carvajal, Ron, Nilsson, Arteaga, Knowles & Arbogast 2021 Miyata 1982 Perez-Santos & Moreno 1991 Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 Torres-Carvajal, Pazmino-Otamendi & Salazar-Valenzuela 2019   Oxyrhopus vanidicus Leticia Calico Snake Lynch 2009 Torres-Carvajal, Pazmino-Otamendi & Salazar-Valenzuela 2019 Genus Phrynonax (Neotropical Bird Snakes)   Phrynonax sexcarinatus Southern Bird Snake Almendariz 1992 [as polylepis] Miyata 1982 [as polylepis] Perez-Santos & Moreno 1991 [as polylepis] Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 [as polylepis] Torres-Carvajal, Pazmino-Otamendi & Salazar-Valenzuela 2019 [as polylepis]   Phrynonax shropshirei Panamanian Bird Snake Almendariz 1992 Miyata 1982 Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 Torres-Carvajal, Pazmino-Otamendi & Salazar-Valenzuela 2019 Genus Pliocercus (Big-scaled False Coral Snakes)   Pliocercus euryzonus Southern False Coral Snake Almendariz 1992 Arteaga, Bustamante & Guayasamin 2013 Miyata 1982 Perez-Santos & Moreno 1991 Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 Smith & Chiszar 2001 Torres-Carvajal, Pazmino-Otamendi & Salazar-Valenzuela 2019 Genus Pseudalsophis (Neotropical Elegant Racers)   * Pseudalsophis biserialis Eastern Galapagos Racer Almendariz 1992 Denburgh 1912 Mertens 1960 Perez-Santos & Moreno 1991 Swash & Still 2005 Thomas 1997 Torres-Carvajal, Pazmino-Otamendi & Salazar-Valenzuela 2019 Zaher, Yanez-Munoz, Rodrigues, Graboski, Machado, Altamirano-Benavides, Bonatto & Grazziotin 2018 Zug 2013   * Pseudalsophis darwini Tortuga Racer Almendariz 1992 [as Alsophis "sleveni"] Denburgh 1912 [as s. slevini] Swash & Still 2005 [as s. slevini] Thomas 1997 [as s. slevini] Torres-Carvajal, Pazmino-Otamendi & Salazar-Valenzuela 2019 Zaher, Yanez-Munoz, Rodrigues, Graboski, Machado, Altamirano-Benavides, Bonatto & Grazziotin 2018 Zug 2013 [as slevini]   * Pseudalsophis dorsalis Santa Cruz Racer Almendariz 1992 Denburgh 1912 Mertens 1960 Perez-Santos & Moreno 1991 Swash & Still 2005 Thomas 1997 Torres-Carvajal, Pazmino-Otamendi & Salazar-Valenzuela 2019 Zaher, Yanez-Munoz, Rodrigues, Graboski, Machado, Altamirano-Benavides, Bonatto & Grazziotin 2018 Zug 2013 [as biserialis]   Pseudalsophis elegans South American Elegant Racer Almendariz 1992 Miyata 1982 Perez-Santos & Moreno 1991 Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 Torres-Carvajal, Pazmino-Otamendi & Salazar-Valenzuela 2019   * Pseudalsophis hephaestus Santiago Racer Almendariz 1992 [as Alsophis "sleveni"] Denburgh 1912 [as steindachneri] Mertens 1960 [as steindachneri] Swash & Still 2005 [as steindachneri] Thomas 1997 [as steindachneri] Torres-Carvajal, Pazmino-Otamendi & Salazar-Valenzuela 2019 Zaher, Yanez-Munoz, Rodrigues, Graboski, Machado, Altamirano-Benavides, Bonatto & Grazziotin 2018 Zug 2013 [as steindachneri]   * Pseudalsophis hoodensis Espanola Racer Almendariz 1992 [as Philodryas "biseralis"] Denburgh 1912 Mertens 1960 Perez-Santos & Moreno 1991 Swash & Still 2005 Thomas 1997 Torres-Carvajal, Pazmino-Otamendi & Salazar-Valenzuela 2019 Zaher, Yanez-Munoz, Rodrigues, Graboski, Machado, Altamirano-Benavides, Bonatto & Grazziotin 2018 Zug 2013   * Pseudalsophis occidentalis Western Galapagos Racer Almendariz 1992 [as Alsophis dorsalis] Denburgh 1912 Mertens 1960 Perez-Santos & Moreno 1991 Swash & Still 2005 Thomas 1997 Torres-Carvajal, Pazmino-Otamendi & Salazar-Valenzuela 2019 Zaher, Yanez-Munoz, Rodrigues, Graboski, Machado, Altamirano-Benavides, Bonatto & Grazziotin 2018 Zug 2013 [as biserialis]   * Pseudalsophis slevini Banded Galapagos Racer Almendariz 1992 Denburgh 1912 Perez-Santos & Moreno 1991 Swash & Still 2005 Thomas 1997 Torres-Carvajal, Pazmino-Otamendi & Salazar-Valenzuela 2019 Zaher, Yanez-Munoz, Rodrigues, Graboski, Machado, Altamirano-Benavides, Bonatto & Grazziotin 2018 Zug 2013   * Pseudalsophis steindachneri Striped Galapagos Racer Almendariz 1992 [as Alsophis "sleveni"] Denburgh 1912 Mertens 1960 Perez-Santos & Moreno 1991 Swash & Still 2005 Thomas 1997 Torres-Carvajal, Pazmino-Otamendi & Salazar-Valenzuela 2019 Zaher, Yanez-Munoz, Rodrigues, Graboski, Machado, Altamirano-Benavides, Bonatto & Grazziotin 2018 Zug 2013   * Pseudalsophis thomasi Rabida Racer Almendariz 1992 [as Alsophis dorsalis] Denburgh 1912 [as d. dorsalis] Mertens 1960 [as d. dorsalis] Swash & Still 2005 [as d. dorsalis] Thomas 1997 [as d. dorsalis] Torres-Carvajal, Pazmino-Otamendi & Salazar-Valenzuela 2019 Zaher, Yanez-Munoz, Rodrigues, Graboski, Machado, Altamirano-Benavides, Bonatto & Grazziotin 2018 Zug 2013 [as biserialis] Genus Pseudoboa (Neotropical Scarlet Snakes)   Pseudoboa coronata Black-headed Scarlet Snake Almendariz 1992 Caldeira Costa, Cotta & MacCulloch 2015 Miyata 1982 Perez-Santos & Moreno 1991 Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 Torres-Carvajal, Pazmino-Otamendi & Salazar-Valenzuela 2019 Genus Pseudoeryx (Dusky Mud Snakes)   Pseudoeryx plicatilis Dusky Mud Snake Almendariz 1992 Perez-Santos & Moreno 1991 Scartozzoni, Trevine & Germano 2010 Torres-Carvajal, Pazmino-Otamendi & Salazar-Valenzuela 2019 Genus Rhadinaea (Graceful Brown Snakes)   Rhadinaea decorata Adorned Graceful Brown Snake Almendariz 1992 Miyata 1982 Myers 1974 Perez-Santos & Moreno 1991 Torres-Carvajal, Pazmino-Otamendi & Salazar-Valenzuela 2019 Genus Rhinobothryum (Ringed Snakes)   Rhinobothryum bovallii False Tree Coral Snake Almendariz 1992 Cruz-Garcia, Cisneros-Heredia, Sanchez-Nivicela & Amador 2020 Meza-Joya, Rojas-Morales & Ramo 2020 Miyata 1982 Perez-Santos & Moreno 1991 Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 Torres-Carvajal, Pazmino-Otamendi & Salazar-Valenzuela 2019   Rhinobothryum lentiginosum Amazon Ringed Snake Almendariz 1992 Torres-Carvajal, Pazmino-Otamendi & Salazar-Valenzuela 2019 Genus Saphenophis (Andean Smooth Ground Snakes)   * Saphenophis atahuallpae Atahualpa Smooth Ground Snake Almendariz 1992 Miyata 1982 Perez-Santos & Moreno 1991 Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 Torres-Carvajal, Pazmino-Otamendi & Salazar-Valenzuela 2019   Saphenophis boursieri Quito Smooth Ground Snake Almendariz 1992 Arteaga, Bustamante & Guayasamin 2013 Miyata 1982 Perez-Santos & Moreno 1991 Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 Torres-Carvajal, Pazmino-Otamendi & Salazar-Valenzuela 2019 Genus Sibon (Neotropical Snail Eaters)   Sibon ayerbeorum Munchique Snail Eater Arteaga & Batista 2023   Sibon bevridgelyi Maroon Snail Eater Arteaga, Salazar-Valenzuela, Mebert, Penafiel, Aguiar, Sanchez-Nivicela, Pyron, Colston, Cisneros-Heredia, Yanez-Munoz, Venegas, Guayasamin & Torres-Carvajal 2018 Torres-Carvajal, Pazmino-Otamendi & Salazar-Valenzuela 2019   * Sibon dunni Imbabura Snail Eater Almendariz 1992 Kofron 1990 Miyata 1982 Perez-Santos & Moreno 1991 Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 Peters 1960 Torres-Carvajal, Pazmino-Otamendi & Salazar-Valenzuela 2019   Sibon leucomelas Buenaventura Snail Eater Almendariz 1992 Miyata 1982 Perez-Santos & Moreno 1991 Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 Peters 1960 Peters 1965   Sibon marleyae Verdecanandé Snail Eater Arteaga & Batista 2023   Sibon vieirai Pichincha Snail Eater Arteaga & Batista 2023 Genus Siphlophis (Liana Snakes)   * Siphlophis ayauma Devil's Head Liana Snake Camper, Torres-Carvajal, Ron, Nilsson, Arteaga, Knowles & Arbogast 2021 Sheehy, Yanez-Munoz, Valencia & Smith 2014 Torres-Carvajal, Pazmino-Otamendi & Salazar-Valenzuela 2019   Siphlophis cervinus Common Liana Snake Almendariz 1992 Duellman 1978 Miyata 1982 Perez-Santos & Moreno 1991 Torres-Carvajal, Pazmino-Otamendi & Salazar-Valenzuela 2019 Zaher & Prudente 1999   Siphlophis compressus Red-headed Liana Snake Almendariz 1992 Duellman 1978 Miyata 1982 Perez-Santos & Moreno 1991 Torres-Carvajal, Pazmino-Otamendi & Salazar-Valenzuela 2019 Genus Spilotes (Chicken Snakes)   Spilotes pullatus Chicken Snake Almendariz 1992 Cruz-Garcia, Cisneros-Heredia, Sanchez-Nivicela & Amador 2020 Miyata 1982 Perez-Santos & Moreno 1991 Torres-Carvajal, Pazmino-Otamendi & Salazar-Valenzuela 2019   Spilotes sulphureus Yellow-bellied Puffing Snake Almendariz 1992 Andrade, Santos-Almeida & Reis-Dias 2017 Miyata 1982 Perez-Santos & Moreno 1991 Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 Torres-Carvajal, Pazmino-Otamendi & Salazar-Valenzuela 2019 Genus Stenorrhina (Scorpion Eaters)   Stenorrhina degenhardtii South American Scorpion Eater Almendariz 1992 Miyata 1982 Perez-Santos & Moreno 1991 Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 Torres-Carvajal, Pazmino-Otamendi & Salazar-Valenzuela 2019 Genus Synophis (Andean Shadow Snakes)   * Synophis bicolor Choco Shadow Snake Almendariz 1992 Miyata 1982 Perez-Santos & Moreno 1991 Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 Pyron, Arteaga, Echevarria & Torres-Carvajal 2016 Torres-Carvajal, Pazmino-Otamendi & Salazar-Valenzuela 2019   * Synophis bogerti Wildsumaco Shadow Snake Camper, Torres-Carvajal, Ron, Nilsson, Arteaga, Knowles & Arbogast 2021 Pyron, Arteaga, Echevarria & Torres-Carvajal 2016 Torres-Carvajal, Echevarria, Venegas, Chavez & Camper 2015 Torres-Carvajal, Pazmino-Otamendi & Salazar-Valenzuela 2019   * Synophis calamitus Pichincha Shadow Snake Almendariz 1992 Hillis 1990 Pyron, Arteaga, Echevarria & Torres-Carvajal 2016 Torres-Carvajal, Pazmino-Otamendi & Salazar-Valenzuela 2019   Synophis lasallei Cundinamarca Shadow Snake Almendariz 1992 Miyata 1982 Perez-Santos & Moreno 1991 Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 Pyron, Arteaga, Echevarria & Torres-Carvajal 2016 Torres-Carvajal, Pazmino-Otamendi & Salazar-Valenzuela 2019   * Synophis zaheri El Oro Shadow Snake Pyron, Arteaga, Echevarria & Torres-Carvajal 2016 Pyron, Guayasamin, Penafiel, Bustamante & Arteaga 2015 Torres-Carvajal, Pazmino-Otamendi & Salazar-Valenzuela 2019   * Synophis zamora Zamora Shadow Snake Pyron, Arteaga, Echevarria & Torres-Carvajal 2016 Torres-Carvajal, Echevarria, Venegas, Chavez & Camper 2015 Torres-Carvajal, Pazmino-Otamendi & Salazar-Valenzuela 2019 Genus Taeniophallus (Lowland Dwarf Leaf-litter Snakes)   Taeniophallus brevirostris Short-nosed Leaf-litter Snake Almendariz 1992 Camper, Torres-Carvajal, Ron, Nilsson, Arteaga, Knowles & Arbogast 2021 Miyata 1982 Myers 1974 Perez-Santos & Moreno 1991 Torres-Carvajal, Pazmino-Otamendi & Salazar-Valenzuela 2019 Genus Tantilla (American Centipede Snakes)   Tantilla alticola Santa Rita Centipede Snake Torres-Carvajal, Pazmino-Otamendi & Salazar-Valenzuela 2019   * Tantilla andinista Andean Centipede Snake Almendariz 1992 Miyata 1982 Perez-Santos & Moreno 1991 Torres-Carvajal, Pazmino-Otamendi & Salazar-Valenzuela 2019 Wilson & Mata-Silva 2015 Wilson & Mena 1980 Wilson 1987   Tantilla capistrata Jequetepeque Centipede Snake Perez-Santos & Moreno 1991 Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 Torres-Carvajal, Pazmino-Otamendi & Salazar-Valenzuela 2019 Wilson & Mata-Silva 2015   * Tantilla insulamontana Azuay Centipede Snake Almendariz 1992 Miyata 1982 Perez-Santos & Moreno 1991 Torres-Carvajal, Pazmino-Otamendi & Salazar-Valenzuela 2019 Wilson & Mata-Silva 2015 Wilson & Mena 1980 Wilson 1990   Tantilla melanocephala South American Black-headed Centipede Snake Almendariz 1992 Arteaga, Bustamante & Guayasamin 2013 Duellman 1978 Miyata 1982 Perez-Santos & Moreno 1991 Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 [as fraseri] Torres-Carvajal, Pazmino-Otamendi & Salazar-Valenzuela 2019 Wilson & Mena 1980 Wilson 1987 Wilson 1988   * Tantilla miyatai Pichincha Centipede Snake Almendariz 1992 Torres-Carvajal, Pazmino-Otamendi & Salazar-Valenzuela 2019 Wilson & Mata-Silva 2015 Wilson 1990   * Tantilla petersi Imbabura Centipede Snake Almendariz 1992 Miyata 1982 Perez-Santos & Moreno 1991 Torres-Carvajal, Pazmino-Otamendi & Salazar-Valenzuela 2019 Wilson & Mata-Silva 2015 Wilson 1979 Wilson 1991   Tantilla supracincta Northern Banded Centipede Snake Almendariz 1992 Miyata 1982 Perez-Santos & Moreno 1991 [as annulata] Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 Torres-Carvajal, Pazmino-Otamendi & Salazar-Valenzuela 2019 Wilson & Mata-Silva 2015 Wilson 1987 Genus Thamnodynastes (South American Mock Vipers)   Thamnodynastes pallidus Common South American Mock Viper Almendariz 1992 [as strigilis] Bailey, Thomas & Silva 2005 Miyata 1982 [as strigilis] Perez-Santos & Moreno 1991 [as strigilis] Torres-Carvajal, Pazmino-Otamendi & Salazar-Valenzuela 2019   Thamnodynastes silvai Loreto Mock Viper Trevine, Caicedo-Portilla, Hoogmoed, Thomas, Franco, Montingelli, Osorno-Munoz & Zaher 2021 Genus Tretanorhinus (Neotropical Swamp Snakes)   Tretanorhinus mocquardi Panama Swamp Snake Cisneros-Heredia 2005 Torres-Carvajal, Pazmino-Otamendi & Salazar-Valenzuela 2019   Tretanorhinus taeniatus Striped Swamp Snake Almendariz 1992 Miyata 1982 Perez-Santos & Moreno 1991 Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 Torres-Carvajal, Pazmino-Otamendi & Salazar-Valenzuela 2019 Genus Urotheca (Glass-tailed Snakes)   Urotheca fulviceps Tawny-headed Glass-tailed Snake Almendariz 1992 Knight 1988 Miyata 1982 Myers 1974 Perez-Santos & Moreno 1991 Torres-Carvajal, Pazmino-Otamendi & Salazar-Valenzuela 2019   Urotheca lateristriga Ribboned Glass-tailed Snake Almendariz 1992 Arteaga, Bustamante & Guayasamin 2013 Miyata 1982 Myers 1974 Perez-Santos & Moreno 1991 Torres-Carvajal, Pazmino-Otamendi & Salazar-Valenzuela 2019 Genus Xenodon (Northern Mock Lanceheads and South American Hognose Snakes)   Xenodon rabdocephalus Common Mock Lancehead Almendariz 1992 Miyata 1982 Perez-Santos & Moreno 1991 Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 Torres-Carvajal, Pazmino-Otamendi & Salazar-Valenzuela 2019   Xenodon severus Giant Mock Lancehead Almendariz 1992 Duellman 1978 Miyata 1982 Perez-Santos & Moreno 1991 Torres-Carvajal, Pazmino-Otamendi & Salazar-Valenzuela 2019 Genus Xenopholis (South American Flat-headed Snakes)   Xenopholis scalaris Northern Flat-headed Snake Almendariz 1992 Camper, Torres-Carvajal, Ron, Nilsson, Arteaga, Knowles & Arbogast 2021 Hamdan, Machado & Citeli 2015 Miyata 1982 Perez-Santos & Moreno 1991 Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 Torres-Carvajal, Pazmino-Otamendi & Salazar-Valenzuela 2019 Genus Xenoxybelis (South American Vine Snakes)   Xenoxybelis argenteus Green-striped Vine Snake Almendariz 1992 Duellman 1978 Miyata 1982 Perez-Santos & Moreno 1991 Torres-Carvajal, Pazmino-Otamendi & Salazar-Valenzuela 2019  Family Elapidae [part 1: terrestrial species] (Cobras, Mambas, etc.) Genus Leptomicrurus (Black-backed Coral Snakes)   Leptomicrurus narduccii Andean Black-backed Coral Snake Almendariz 1992 Campbell & Lamar 2004 David, Dobiey & Vogel 2018 Miyata 1982 Perez-Santos & Moreno 1991 Roze 1996 Torres-Carvajal, Pazmino-Otamendi & Salazar-Valenzuela 2019   Leptomicrurus scutiventris Pygmy Black-backed Coral Snake Almendariz 1992 Campbell & Lamar 2004 Perez-Santos & Moreno 1991 Roze 1996 Torres-Carvajal, Pazmino-Otamendi & Salazar-Valenzuela 2019 Genus Micrurus (American Coral Snakes)   Micrurus ancoralis Regal Coral Snake Almendariz 1992 Arteaga, Bustamante & Guayasamin 2013 Campbell & Lamar 2004 David, Dobiey & Vogel 2018 Miyata 1982 Perez-Santos & Moreno 1991 Roze 1996 Torres-Carvajal, Pazmino-Otamendi & Salazar-Valenzuela 2019   Micrurus bocourti Ecuadorian Coral Snake Almendariz 1992 Campbell & Lamar 2004 David, Dobiey & Vogel 2018 Miyata 1982 Perez-Santos & Moreno 1991 Roze 1996 Torres-Carvajal, Pazmino-Otamendi & Salazar-Valenzuela 2019   * Micrurus catamayensis Catamayo Coral Snake Almendariz 1992 Campbell & Lamar 2004 David, Dobiey & Vogel 2018 Feitosa, Silva, Pires, Zaher & Prudente 2015 Perez-Santos & Moreno 1991 Roze 1996   Micrurus dumerilii Capuchin Coral Snake Almendariz 1992 Campbell & Lamar 2004 David, Dobiey & Vogel 2018 Miyata 1982 Perez-Santos & Moreno 1991 Roze 1996 Torres-Carvajal, Pazmino-Otamendi & Salazar-Valenzuela 2019   Micrurus helleri Western Ribbon Coral Snake Almendariz 1992 Campbell & Lamar 2004 Camper, Torres-Carvajal, Ron, Nilsson, Arteaga, Knowles & Arbogast 2021 [as M. lemniscatus] David, Dobiey & Vogel 2018 Duellman 1978 [as M. lemniscatus] Miyata 1982 Perez-Santos & Moreno 1991 Roze 1996 Torres-Carvajal, Pazmino-Otamendi & Salazar-Valenzuela 2019 [as M. lemniscatus]   Micrurus langsdorffi Northwest Amazonian Coral Snake Almendariz 1992 Campbell & Lamar 2004 Duellman 1978 Feitosa, Silva, Pires, Zaher & Prudente 2015 Miyata 1982 Perez-Santos & Moreno 1991 Roze 1996 Torres-Carvajal, Pazmino-Otamendi & Salazar-Valenzuela 2019   Micrurus mertensi Pacasmayo Desert Coral Snake Almendariz 1992 Campbell & Lamar 2004 Feitosa, Silva, Pires, Zaher & Prudente 2015 Miyata 1982 Perez-Santos & Moreno 1991 Roze 1996 Torres-Carvajal, Pazmino-Otamendi & Salazar-Valenzuela 2019   Micrurus mipartitus Red-tailed Coral Snake Almendariz 1992 Campbell & Lamar 2004 David, Dobiey & Vogel 2018 Miyata 1982 Perez-Santos & Moreno 1991 Roze 1996 Torres-Carvajal, Pazmino-Otamendi & Salazar-Valenzuela 2019   Micrurus multiscutatus Cauca Coral Snake David, Dobiey & Vogel 2018 Torres-Carvajal, Pazmino-Otamendi & Salazar-Valenzuela 2019   Micrurus obscurus Western Amazonian Coral Snake Almendariz 1992 Campbell & Lamar 2004 Camper, Torres-Carvajal, Ron, Nilsson, Arteaga, Knowles & Arbogast 2021 [as spixii] David, Dobiey & Vogel 2018 Duellman 1978 Miyata 1982 Nascimento, Silva, Feitosa & Prudente 2019 Perez-Santos & Moreno 1991 Roze 1996 Torres-Carvajal, Pazmino-Otamendi & Salazar-Valenzuela 2019 [as M. spixii]   Micrurus ornatissimus Ornate Coral Snake Almendariz 1992 Campbell & Lamar 2004 Feitosa, Silva, Pires, Zaher & Prudente 2015 Miyata 1982 Perez-Santos & Moreno 1991 Roze 1996 Torres-Carvajal, Pazmino-Otamendi & Salazar-Valenzuela 2019   Micrurus ortoni Pebas Coral Snake Almendariz 1992 Bernarde, Turci, Abegg & Franco 2018 Campbell & Lamar 2004 Miyata 1982 Perez-Santos & Moreno 1991 Roze 1996 Torres-Carvajal, Pazmino-Otamendi & Salazar-Valenzuela 2019 [as M. hemprichii]   Micrurus peruvianus Peruvian Coral Snake Kuch, Ayala & Freire-L. 2002 Torres-Carvajal, Pazmino-Otamendi & Salazar-Valenzuela 2019   * Micrurus petersi Mountain Coral Snake Almendariz 1992 Campbell & Lamar 2004 David, Dobiey & Vogel 2018 Feitosa, Silva, Pires, Zaher & Prudente 2015 Miyata 1982 Perez-Santos & Moreno 1991 Roze 1996 Torres-Carvajal, Pazmino-Otamendi & Salazar-Valenzuela 2019   Micrurus steindachneri Piedmont Coral Snake Almendariz 1992 Campbell & Lamar 2004 Camper, Torres-Carvajal, Ron, Nilsson, Arteaga, Knowles & Arbogast 2021 David, Dobiey & Vogel 2018 Feitosa, Silva, Pires, Zaher & Prudente 2015 Miyata 1982 Perez-Santos & Moreno 1991 Roze 1996 Torres-Carvajal, Pazmino-Otamendi & Salazar-Valenzuela 2019   Micrurus surinamensis Amazonian Aquatic Coral Snake Almendariz 1992 Campbell & Lamar 2004 Duellman 1978 Miyata 1982 Perez-Santos & Moreno 1991 Roze 1996 Torres-Carvajal, Pazmino-Otamendi & Salazar-Valenzuela 2019   Micrurus tschudii Desert Coral Snake Almendariz 1992 Campbell & Lamar 2004 Miyata 1982 Perez-Santos & Moreno 1991 Roze 1996 Torres-Carvajal, Pazmino-Otamendi & Salazar-Valenzuela 2019  Family Elapidae [part 2: marine species] (Sea Snakes) Genus Hydrophis (Typical Sea Snakes)   Hydrophis platurus Yellow-bellied Sea Snake Almendariz 1992 Campbell & Lamar 2004 Denburgh 1912 Ernst 1992 Ineich 1988 Perez-Santos & Moreno 1991 Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 Reynolds & Pickwell 1984 Swash & Still 2005 Torres-Carvajal, Pazmino-Otamendi & Salazar-Valenzuela 2019 Zug 2013  Family Leptotyphlopidae (Thread Snakes) Genus Epictia (Neotropical Thread Snakes)   Epictia signata Northern Amazon Thread Snake Francisco, Pinto & Fernandes 2012 Salazar-Valenzuela, Martins, Amador-Oyola & Torres-Carvajal 2015 Torres-Carvajal, Pazmino-Otamendi & Salazar-Valenzuela 2019   Epictia subcrotilla Tumbes Thread Snake Almendariz 1992 Cisneros-Heredia 2008 McDiarmid, Campbell & Toure 1999 Miyata 1982 Perez-Santos & Moreno 1991 Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 Salazar-Valenzuela, Martins, Amador-Oyola & Torres-Carvajal 2015 Torres-Carvajal, Pazmino-Otamendi & Salazar-Valenzuela 2019 Genus Trilepida (Three-scaled Thread Snakes)   * Trilepida anthracina Ecuadorian Thread Snake Almendariz 1992 Cisneros-Heredia 2008 McDiarmid, Campbell & Toure 1999 Miyata 1982 Perez-Santos & Moreno 1991 Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 Pinto & Fernandes 2012 Salazar-Valenzuela, Martins, Amador-Oyola & Torres-Carvajal 2015 Torres-Carvajal, Pazmino-Otamendi & Salazar-Valenzuela 2019   * Trilepida guayaquilensis Guayaquil Thread Snake Almendariz 1992 Cisneros-Heredia 2008 McDiarmid, Campbell & Toure 1999 Miyata 1982 Perez-Santos & Moreno 1991 Pinto & Fernandes 2012 Salazar-Valenzuela, Martins, Amador-Oyola & Torres-Carvajal 2015 Torres-Carvajal, Pazmino-Otamendi & Salazar-Valenzuela 2019   Trilepida macrolepis Large-scaled Thread Snake Martins, Koch, Pinto, Folly, Fouquet & Passos 2019 Pinto & Fernandes 2017 Salazar-Valenzuela, Martins, Amador-Oyola & Torres-Carvajal 2015 Torres-Carvajal, Pazmino-Otamendi & Salazar-Valenzuela 2019   * Trilepida pastusa Tulcan Thread Snake Martins, Koch, Pinto, Folly, Fouquet & Passos 2019 Salazar-Valenzuela, Martins, Amador-Oyola & Torres-Carvajal 2015 Torres-Carvajal, Pazmino-Otamendi & Salazar-Valenzuela 2019  Family Tropidophiidae (Dwarf Boas) Genus Trachyboa (Rough-scaled Dwarf Boas)   Trachyboa boulengeri Northern Rough-scaled Dwarf Boa Almendariz 1992 McDiarmid, Campbell & Toure 1999 Miyata 1982 Perez-Santos & Moreno 1991 Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 Stimson 1969 Torres-Carvajal, Pazmino-Otamendi & Salazar-Valenzuela 2019   * Trachyboa gularis Southern Rough-scaled Dwarf Boa Almendariz 1992 McDiarmid, Campbell & Toure 1999 Miyata 1982 Perez-Santos & Moreno 1991 Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 Stimson 1969 Torres-Carvajal, Pazmino-Otamendi & Salazar-Valenzuela 2019 Genus Tropidophis (Typical Dwarf Boas)   * Tropidophis battersbyi Ecuadorian Dwarf Boa Almendariz 1992 Curcio, Nunes, Argolo, Skuk & Rodrigues 2012 McDiarmid, Campbell & Toure 1999 Miyata 1982 Perez-Santos & Moreno 1991 Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 Torres-Carvajal, Pazmino-Otamendi & Salazar-Valenzuela 2019   * Tropidophis cacuangoae Napo Dwarf Boa Ortega-Andrade, Bentley, Koch, Yanez-Munoz & Entiauspe-Neto 2022   Tropidophis taczanowskyi Peruvian Dwarf Boa Almendariz 1992 Curcio, Nunes, Argolo, Skuk & Rodrigues 2012 McDiarmid, Campbell & Toure 1999 Miyata 1982 Perez-Santos & Moreno 1991 Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 Stimson 1969 Torres-Carvajal, Pazmino-Otamendi & Salazar-Valenzuela 2019  Family Typhlopidae (Typical Blind Snakes) Genus Amerotyphlops (American Blind Snakes)   Amerotyphlops reticulatus Reticulated Blind Snake Almendariz 1992 Camper, Torres-Carvajal, Ron, Nilsson, Arteaga, Knowles & Arbogast 2021 Dixon & Hendricks 1979 Graboski, Arredondo, Grazziotin, Silva, Prudente, Rodrigues, Bonatto & Zaher 2019 McDiarmid, Campbell & Toure 1999 Miyata 1982 Perez-Santos & Moreno 1991 Torres-Carvajal, Pazmino-Otamendi & Salazar-Valenzuela 2019  Family Viperidae (Vipers) Genus Bothriechis (Palm Pitvipers)   Bothriechis schlegelii Eyelash Palm Pitviper Almendariz 1992 Arteaga, Bustamante & Guayasamin 2013 Campbell & Lamar 2004 David, Dobiey & Vogel 2018 Miyata 1982 Perez-Santos & Moreno 1991 Torres-Carvajal, Pazmino-Otamendi & Salazar-Valenzuela 2019 Genus Bothrocophias (Toad-headed Pitvipers)   * Bothrocophias campbelli Ecuadorian Toad-headed Pitviper Arteaga, Bustamante & Guayasamin 2013 Campbell & Lamar 2004 Cisneros-Heredia, Borja, Proano & Touzet 2006 David, Dobiey & Vogel 2018 Gutberlet & Campbell 2001 Torres-Carvajal, Pazmino-Otamendi & Salazar-Valenzuela 2019   Bothrocophias hyoprora Amazonian Toad-headed Pitviper Almendariz 1992 Bernarde, Amaral & Vale 2011 Campbell & Lamar 2004 Cisneros-Heredia, Borja, Proano & Touzet 2006 David, Dobiey & Vogel 2018 Miyata 1982 Oliveira, Araujo, Prudente, Fraga, Almeida & Ascenso 2018 Perez-Santos & Moreno 1991 Torres-Carvajal, Pazmino-Otamendi & Salazar-Valenzuela 2019   Bothrocophias microphthalmus Small-eyed Toad-headed Pitviper Almendariz 1992 Campbell & Lamar 2004 Cisneros-Heredia, Borja, Proano & Touzet 2006 David, Dobiey & Vogel 2018 Miyata 1982 Perez-Santos & Moreno 1991 Torres-Carvajal, Pazmino-Otamendi & Salazar-Valenzuela 2019 Genus Bothrops (American Lanceheads)   Bothrops asper Central American Lancehead Almendariz 1992 Arteaga, Bustamante & Guayasamin 2013 Campbell & Lamar 2004 David, Dobiey & Vogel 2018 Miyata 1982 Perez-Santos & Moreno 1991 Torres-Carvajal, Pazmino-Otamendi & Salazar-Valenzuela 2019   Bothrops atrox Common Lancehead Almendariz 1992 Campbell & Lamar 2004 David, Dobiey & Vogel 2018 Duellman 1978 Miyata 1982 Perez-Santos & Moreno 1991 Torres-Carvajal, Pazmino-Otamendi & Salazar-Valenzuela 2019 Vechio, Prates, Grazziotin, Graboski & Rodrigues 2021   Bothrops bilineatus Two-striped Forest Pitviper Almendariz 1992 Campbell & Lamar 2004 Carrasco, Grazziotin, Farfan, Koch, Ochoa, Scrocchi, Leynaud & Chaparro 2019 David, Dobiey & Vogel 2018 Duellman 1978 Miyata 1982 Perez-Santos & Moreno 1991 Torres-Carvajal, Pazmino-Otamendi & Salazar-Valenzuela 2019 Vechio, Prates, Grazziotin, Graboski & Rodrigues 2021   Bothrops brazili Southern Velvety Lancehead David, Dobiey & Vogel 2018 Perez-Santos & Moreno 1991 Vechio, Prates, Grazziotin, Graboski & Rodrigues 2021   Bothrops lojanus Lojan Lancehead Almendariz 1992 Campbell & Lamar 2004 David, Dobiey & Vogel 2018 Miyata 1982 Perez-Santos & Moreno 1991 Torres-Carvajal, Pazmino-Otamendi & Salazar-Valenzuela 2019   * Bothrops osbornei Chimborazo Lancehead Almendariz 1992 [as mahnerti] Campbell & Lamar 2004 David, Dobiey & Vogel 2018 Schatti & Kramer 1991 [as mahnerti] Torres-Carvajal, Pazmino-Otamendi & Salazar-Valenzuela 2019 Vechio, Prates, Grazziotin, Graboski & Rodrigues 2021   Bothrops pulcher Andean Forest Pitviper Almendariz 1992 Campbell & Lamar 2004 Camper, Torres-Carvajal, Ron, Nilsson, Arteaga, Knowles & Arbogast 2021 David, Dobiey & Vogel 2018 Miyata 1982 [as Bothrops albocarinatus] Perez-Santos & Moreno 1991 Torres-Carvajal, Pazmino-Otamendi & Salazar-Valenzuela 2019 Vechio, Prates, Grazziotin, Graboski & Rodrigues 2021   Bothrops punctatus Chocoan Lancehead Almendariz 1992 Arteaga, Bustamante & Guayasamin 2013 Campbell & Lamar 2004 David, Dobiey & Vogel 2018 Miyata 1982 Perez-Santos & Moreno 1991 Torres-Carvajal, Pazmino-Otamendi & Salazar-Valenzuela 2019   Bothrops taeniatus Speckled Forest Pitviper Almendariz 1992 Campbell & Lamar 2004 Camper, Torres-Carvajal, Ron, Nilsson, Arteaga, Knowles & Arbogast 2021 David, Dobiey & Vogel 2018 Duellman 1978 Miyata 1982 Perez-Santos & Moreno 1991 Souza, Venancio, Freitas, Souza & Verissimo 2013 Torres-Carvajal, Pazmino-Otamendi & Salazar-Valenzuela 2019 Vechio, Prates, Grazziotin, Graboski & Rodrigues 2021 Genus Lachesis (Bushmasters)   Lachesis acrochorda Chocoan Bushmaster Barrio-Amoros, Corrales, Rodriguez, Culebras, Dwyer & Flores 2020 Campbell & Lamar 2004 David, Dobiey & Vogel 2018 Torres-Carvajal, Pazmino-Otamendi & Salazar-Valenzuela 2019   Lachesis muta South American Bushmaster Almendariz 1992 Barrio-Amoros, Corrales, Rodriguez, Culebras, Dwyer & Flores 2020 Campbell & Lamar 2004 Camper, Torres-Carvajal, Ron, Nilsson, Arteaga, Knowles & Arbogast 2021 David, Dobiey & Vogel 2018 Duellman 1978 Miyata 1982 Perez-Santos & Moreno 1991 Torres-Carvajal, Pazmino-Otamendi & Salazar-Valenzuela 2019 Zamudio & Greene 1997 Genus Porthidium (Hognosed Pitvipers)   * Porthidium arcosae Manabi Hognosed Pitviper Campbell & Lamar 2004 David, Dobiey & Vogel 2018 Torres-Carvajal, Pazmino-Otamendi & Salazar-Valenzuela 2019 Valencia, Vaca-Guerrero & Garzon 2011   Porthidium nasutum Rainforest Hognosed Pitviper Almendariz 1992 Campbell & Lamar 2004 David, Dobiey & Vogel 2018 Miyata 1982 Perez-Santos & Moreno 1991 Torres-Carvajal, Pazmino-Otamendi & Salazar-Valenzuela 2019