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Citation: Midtgaard, Rune. RepFocus - A Survey of the Reptiles of the World. www.repfocus.dk (Compilation date: 14th April, 2023).

Checklist General remarks: The list includes only formally described species. Newly discovered, but still unnamed species are excluded. However, unnamed species or species unassigned to species level are included, if they are the only representatives of their genus in the region. Species counts exclude extinct and introduced species. Doubtful records, typically older voucher specimens of uncertain origin, have been excluded if considered questionable, as are records based on sources considered unreliable or controversial. Note: Your comments to the checklist (omissions, errors, etc.) are welcomed, preferably if they are provided with reliable references. If possible, please attach a pdf file of the relevant reference to an email addressed to:

	Snakes (Serpentes)
	= endemicEX = extinct or assumed extinct Species References  Family Aniliidae (South American Pipe Snake) Genus Anilius (South American Pipe Snake)   Anilius scytale South American Pipe Snake Avila-Pires 2005 Marca 1997 McDiarmid, Campbell & Toure 1999 Mumaw, Gonzalez & Fernandez 2015 Pefaur 1992 Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 Rivas-Fuenmayor, Molina, Ugueto, Barros, Barrio-Amoros & Kok 2012 Wallach, Williams & Boundy 2014  Family Anomalepididae (Neotropical Blind Snakes) Genus Helminthophis (Northwestern Blind Snakes)   Helminthophis flavoterminatus Yellow-tailed Blind Snake Hahn 1980 Marca 1997 McDiarmid, Campbell & Toure 1999 Mumaw, Gonzalez & Fernandez 2015 Pefaur 1992 Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 Rivas-Fuenmayor, Molina, Ugueto, Barros, Barrio-Amoros & Kok 2012 Genus Liotyphlops (Smooth Blind Snakes)   Liotyphlops caracasensis Caracas Blind Snake Cruz-Centeno, Swaya & Germano 2010 [as albirostris] Dixon & Kofron 1984 [as albirostris] Hahn 1980 [as albirostris] Linares-Vargas, Bolivar-Garcia, Herrera-Martinez, Osorio-Dominguez, Ospina, Thomas & Daza 2021 Marca 1997 [as albirostris] McDiarmid, Campbell & Toure 1999 [as albirostris] Mumaw, Gonzalez & Fernandez 2015 [as albirostris] Pefaur 1992 [as albirostris] Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 [as albirostris] Rivas-Fuenmayor, Molina, Ugueto, Barros, Barrio-Amoros & Kok 2012 [as albirostris] Roze 1952 Genus Typhlophis (Cayenne Blind Snake)   Typhlophis squamosus Cayenne Blind Snake Avila-Pires 2005 [as ayarzaguenai] Mumaw, Gonzalez & Fernandez 2015 Rivas-Fuenmayor, Molina, Ugueto, Barros, Barrio-Amoros & Kok 2012 Senaris 1998 [as ayarzaguenai]  Family Boidae (Typical Boas) Genus Boa (Red-tailed Boas)   Boa constrictor South American Red-tailed Boa Avila-Pires 2005 Marca 1997 Mumaw, Gonzalez & Fernandez 2015 Pefaur 1992 Rivas-Fuenmayor, Molina, Ugueto, Barros, Barrio-Amoros & Kok 2012 Rivas-Fuenmayor, Ugueto, Rivero & Miralles 2005 Stimson 1969 Ugueto & Rivas-Fuenmayor 2010 Genus Corallus (Tree Boas)   Corallus caninus Northern Emerald Tree Boa Avila-Pires 2005 Henderson, Passos & Feitosa 2009 Mumaw, Gonzalez & Fernandez 2015 Rivas-Fuenmayor, Molina, Ugueto, Barros, Barrio-Amoros & Kok 2012   Corallus hortulana Amazon Tree Boa Avila-Pires 2005 Henderson 1997 Henderson 2002 McDiarmid, Campbell & Toure 1999 Mumaw, Gonzalez & Fernandez 2015 Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 [as enydris] Rivas-Fuenmayor, Molina, Ugueto, Barros, Barrio-Amoros & Kok 2012   Corallus ruschenbergerii Mangrove Tree Boa Avila-Pires 2005 Henderson 1997 Henderson 2002 Henderson, Passos & Feitosa 2009 McDiarmid, Campbell & Toure 1999 Mumaw, Gonzalez & Fernandez 2015 Rivas-Fuenmayor & Barrio-Amoros 2005 Rivas-Fuenmayor, Molina, Ugueto, Barros, Barrio-Amoros & Kok 2012 Rivas-Fuenmayor, Ugueto, Rivero & Miralles 2005 Ugueto & Rivas-Fuenmayor 2010 Genus Epicrates (Rainbow Boas)   Epicrates cenchria Common Rainbow Boa Avila-Pires 2005 Marca 1997 Mumaw, Gonzalez & Fernandez 2015 Passos & Fernandes 2008 Pefaur 1992 Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 Rivas-Fuenmayor, Molina, Ugueto, Barros, Barrio-Amoros & Kok 2012   Epicrates maurus Northern Rainbow Boa Avila-Pires 2005 McDiarmid, Campbell & Toure 1999 [as cenchria] Mumaw, Gonzalez & Fernandez 2015 Passos & Fernandes 2008 Pefaur 1992 Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 Rivas-Fuenmayor, Molina, Ugueto, Barros, Barrio-Amoros & Kok 2012 Rivas-Fuenmayor, Ugueto, Rivero & Miralles 2005 Stimson 1969 Ugueto & Rivas-Fuenmayor 2010 Genus Eunectes (Anacondas)   Eunectes murinus Green Anaconda Avila-Pires 2005 Dirksen 2000 Dirksen 2002 Marca 1997 Mumaw, Gonzalez & Fernandez 2015 Pefaur 1992 Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 Rivas-Fuenmayor, Molina, Ugueto, Barros, Barrio-Amoros & Kok 2012 Stimson 1969  Family Colubridae (Typical Snakes or Colubrids) Genus Atractus (Spindle Snakes)   * Atractus acheronius Rio Negro Spindle Snake Mumaw, Gonzalez & Fernandez 2015 Passos, Fuenmayor & Barrio-Amoros 2009 Rivas-Fuenmayor, Molina, Ugueto, Barros, Barrio-Amoros & Kok 2012 Wallach, Williams & Boundy 2014   * Atractus ayeush Lara-Falcon Spindle Snake Esqueda 2011 Mumaw, Gonzalez & Fernandez 2015   * Atractus duidensis Mount Duida Spindle Snake Avila-Pires 2005 Marca 1997 Mumaw, Gonzalez & Fernandez 2015 Passos, Kok, Albuquerque & Rivas 2013 Pefaur 1992 Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 Rivas-Fuenmayor, Molina, Ugueto, Barros, Barrio-Amoros & Kok 2012   Atractus elaps Black Spindle Snake Avila-Pires 2005 Hoogmoed 1980 Marca 1997 Mumaw, Gonzalez & Fernandez 2015 Pefaur 1992 Rivas-Fuenmayor, Molina, Ugueto, Barros, Barrio-Amoros & Kok 2012   * Atractus emigdioi Trujilo Spindle Snake Esqueda & Marca 2005 Marca 1997 Mumaw, Gonzalez & Fernandez 2015 Pefaur 1992 Rivas-Fuenmayor, Molina, Ugueto, Barros, Barrio-Amoros & Kok 2012 Sponga 1971   * Atractus eriki Escuque Spindle Snake Esqueda, Marca & Bazo 2007 Mumaw, Gonzalez & Fernandez 2015 Rivas-Fuenmayor, Molina, Ugueto, Barros, Barrio-Amoros & Kok 2012   Atractus erythromelas Red-Black Spindle Snake Esqueda & Marca 2005 Koehler & Kieckbusch 2014 Marca 1997 Mumaw, Gonzalez & Fernandez 2015 Passos, Chiesse, Torres-Carvajal & Savage 2009 Pefaur 1992 Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 Rivas-Fuenmayor, Molina, Ugueto, Barros, Barrio-Amoros & Kok 2012   Atractus fuliginosus Sooty Spindle Snake Esqueda 2011 Jowers, Schargel, Munoz-Merida, Sanchez-Ramirez, Weber, Faria, Harris & Murphy 2021 Marca 1997 Mumaw, Gonzalez & Fernandez 2015 Pefaur 1992 Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 Rivas-Fuenmayor, Molina, Ugueto, Barros, Barrio-Amoros & Kok 2012   * Atractus heyeri Yacambu Spindle Snake Passos, Fuenmayor & Barrio-Amoros 2009   Atractus insipidus Uraricapara River Spindle Snake Avila-Pires 2005 Marca 1997 Mumaw, Gonzalez & Fernandez 2015 Passos & Fernandes 2008 Passos, Chiesse, Torres-Carvajal & Savage 2009 Passos, Kok, Albuquerque & Rivas 2013 Pefaur 1992 Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 [Venezuela-Brazil border] Rivas-Fuenmayor, Molina, Ugueto, Barros, Barrio-Amoros & Kok 2012   * Atractus lancinii El Junquito Spindle Snake Marca 1997 Mumaw, Gonzalez & Fernandez 2015 Pefaur 1992 Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 Rivas-Fuenmayor, Molina, Ugueto, Barros, Barrio-Amoros & Kok 2012   Atractus major Brown Spindle Snake Avila-Pires 2005 Esqueda & Marca 2005 Marca 1997 Martins & Oliveira 1993 Mumaw, Gonzalez & Fernandez 2015 Pefaur 1992 Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 Rivas-Fuenmayor, Molina, Ugueto, Barros, Barrio-Amoros & Kok 2012 Schargel, Lamar, Passos, Valencia, Cisneros-Heredia & Campbell 2013   * Atractus mariselae Bocono Spindle Snake Esqueda & Marca 2005 Esqueda 2011 Marca 1997 Mumaw, Gonzalez & Fernandez 2015 Pefaur 1992 Rivas-Fuenmayor, Molina, Ugueto, Barros, Barrio-Amoros & Kok 2012   * Atractus matthewi Anzoategui Spindle Snake Esqueda 2011 Koehler & Kieckbusch 2014 Markezich & Barrio-Amoros 2004 Mumaw, Gonzalez & Fernandez 2015 Rivas-Fuenmayor, Molina, Ugueto, Barros, Barrio-Amoros & Kok 2012   * Atractus meridensis Merida Spindle Snake Esqueda & Marca 2005 Mumaw, Gonzalez & Fernandez 2015 Passos, Chiesse, Torres-Carvajal & Savage 2009 Rivas-Fuenmayor, Molina, Ugueto, Barros, Barrio-Amoros & Kok 2012   * Atractus micheleae Canagua Spindle Snake Esqueda & Marca 2005 Mumaw, Gonzalez & Fernandez 2015 Rivas-Fuenmayor, Molina, Ugueto, Barros, Barrio-Amoros & Kok 2012   * Atractus mijaresi Mucuruba Spindle Snake Esqueda & Marca 2005 Esqueda 2011 Mumaw, Gonzalez & Fernandez 2015 Rivas-Fuenmayor, Molina, Ugueto, Barros, Barrio-Amoros & Kok 2012   * Atractus multidentatus Many-toothed Spindle Snake Esqueda 2011 Mumaw, Gonzalez & Fernandez 2015 Passos, Fuenmayor & Barrio-Amoros 2009 Rivas-Fuenmayor, Molina, Ugueto, Barros, Barrio-Amoros & Kok 2012   * Atractus ochrosetrus Ochre-bellied Spindle Snake Esqueda & Marca 2005 Esqueda 2011 Mumaw, Gonzalez & Fernandez 2015 Passos, Chiesse, Torres-Carvajal & Savage 2009 Rivas-Fuenmayor, Molina, Ugueto, Barros, Barrio-Amoros & Kok 2012   Atractus pamplonensis Pamplona Spindle Snake Esqueda & Marca 2005 Mumaw, Gonzalez & Fernandez 2015 Rivas-Fuenmayor, Molina, Ugueto, Barros, Barrio-Amoros & Kok 2012 Schargel & Garcia-Perez 2002   Atractus riveroi Tepui Spindle Snake Avila-Pires 2005 Fraga, Almeida, Moraes, Gordo, Pirani, Zamora, Carvalho, Passos & Werneck 2017 Marca 1997 Mumaw, Gonzalez & Fernandez 2015 Passos & Fernandes 2008 Passos, Kok, Albuquerque & Rivas 2013 Pefaur 1992 Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 Rivas-Fuenmayor, Molina, Ugueto, Barros, Barrio-Amoros & Kok 2012   Atractus steyermarki Chimanta Tepui Spindle Snake Avila-Pires 2005 Koehler & Kieckbusch 2014 Marca 1997 Mumaw, Gonzalez & Fernandez 2015 [as guerreroi] Myers & Donnelly 2008 [as guerreroi] Passos, Kok, Albuquerque & Rivas 2013 Pefaur 1992 Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 Rivas-Fuenmayor, Molina, Ugueto, Barros, Barrio-Amoros & Kok 2012 [as guerreroi]   * Atractus tamaensis Tama Spindle Snake Esqueda & Marca 2005 Mumaw, Gonzalez & Fernandez 2015 Rivas-Fuenmayor, Molina, Ugueto, Barros, Barrio-Amoros & Kok 2012   Atractus tamessari Kaieteur Spindle Snake Mumaw, Gonzalez & Fernandez 2015 Passos, Kok, Albuquerque & Rivas 2013 Rivas-Fuenmayor, Molina, Ugueto, Barros, Barrio-Amoros & Kok 2012   * Atractus taphorni La Carbonera Spindle Snake Esqueda & Marca 2005 Esqueda 2011 Mumaw, Gonzalez & Fernandez 2015 Passos, Chiesse, Torres-Carvajal & Savage 2009 Rivas-Fuenmayor, Molina, Ugueto, Barros, Barrio-Amoros & Kok 2012 Schargel & Garcia-Perez 2002   Atractus torquatus Rusty Spindle Snake Avila-Pires 2005 Barrio, Brewer-Carias & Fuentes 1999 Marca 1997 Mumaw, Gonzalez & Fernandez 2015 Passos & Fernandes 2008 Passos & Prudente 2012 Rivas-Fuenmayor, Molina, Ugueto, Barros, Barrio-Amoros & Kok 2012   Atractus trilineatus Venezuelan Three-lined Spindle Snake Avila-Pires 2005 Marca 1997 Martins & Oliveira 1993 Mumaw, Gonzalez & Fernandez 2015 Murphy, Salvi, Braswell & Jowers 2020 Passos & Fernandes 2008 Passos, Chiesse, Torres-Carvajal & Savage 2009 Pefaur 1992 Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 Rivas-Fuenmayor, Molina, Ugueto, Barros, Barrio-Amoros & Kok 2012   Atractus turikensis Turik Mesa Spindle Snake Barros-Blanco 2000 Mumaw, Gonzalez & Fernandez 2015 Rivas-Fuenmayor, Molina, Ugueto, Barros, Barrio-Amoros & Kok 2012   Atractus univittatus One-striped Spindle Snake Esqueda & Marca 2005 Esqueda 2011 Marca 1997 Passos & Fernandes 2008 Pefaur 1992 Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 Rivas-Fuenmayor, Molina, Ugueto, Barros, Barrio-Amoros & Kok 2012   * Atractus ventrimaculatus Venezuelan Spot-bellied Spindle Snake Esqueda & Marca 2005 Koehler & Kieckbusch 2014 Marca 1997 Mumaw, Gonzalez & Fernandez 2015 Passos, Chiesse, Torres-Carvajal & Savage 2009 Pefaur 1992 Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 Rivas-Fuenmayor, Molina, Ugueto, Barros, Barrio-Amoros & Kok 2012   * Atractus vittatus Venezuelan Striped Spindle Snake Esqueda 2011 Marca 1997 Mumaw, Gonzalez & Fernandez 2015 Passos, Chiesse, Torres-Carvajal & Savage 2009 Pefaur 1992 Rivas-Fuenmayor, Molina, Ugueto, Barros, Barrio-Amoros & Kok 2012 Genus Chironius (Sipos)   Chironius carinatus Yellow-lipped Sipo Avila-Pires 2005 Dixon, Wiest & Cei 1993 Marca 1997 Mumaw, Gonzalez & Fernandez 2015 Pefaur 1992 Rivas-Fuenmayor, Molina, Ugueto, Barros, Barrio-Amoros & Kok 2012   Chironius challenger Maringma Tepui Sipo Kok 2010 Mumaw, Gonzalez & Fernandez 2015 Rivas-Fuenmayor, Molina, Ugueto, Barros, Barrio-Amoros & Kok 2012   Chironius exoletus Green Sipo Avila-Pires 2005 Dixon, Wiest & Cei 1993 Marca 1997 Mumaw, Gonzalez & Fernandez 2015 Pefaur 1992 Rivas-Fuenmayor, Molina, Ugueto, Barros, Barrio-Amoros & Kok 2012   Chironius fuscus Brown Sipo Avila-Pires 2005 Kok 2010 Mumaw, Gonzalez & Fernandez 2015 Rivas-Fuenmayor, Molina, Ugueto, Barros, Barrio-Amoros & Kok 2012   Chironius monticola Mountain Sipo Dixon, Wiest & Cei 1993 Marca 1997 Mumaw, Gonzalez & Fernandez 2015 Pefaur 1992 Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 Rivas-Fuenmayor, Molina, Ugueto, Barros, Barrio-Amoros & Kok 2012   Chironius multiventris Peruvian Sipo Avila-Pires 2005 Dixon, Wiest & Cei 1993 Marca 1997 Mumaw, Gonzalez & Fernandez 2015 Pefaur 1992 Rivas-Fuenmayor, Molina, Ugueto, Barros, Barrio-Amoros & Kok 2012   Chironius scurrulus Rusty Sipo Avila-Pires 2005 Dixon, Wiest & Cei 1993 Marca 1997 Mumaw, Gonzalez & Fernandez 2015 Pefaur 1992 Rivas-Fuenmayor, Molina, Ugueto, Barros, Barrio-Amoros & Kok 2012   Chironius septentrionalis Northern Sipo Dixon, Wiest & Cei 1993 Mumaw, Gonzalez & Fernandez 2015 Pefaur 1992 Rivas-Fuenmayor, Molina, Ugueto, Barros, Barrio-Amoros & Kok 2012   Chironius spixii Venezuelan Sipo Dixon, Wiest & Cei 1993 Mumaw, Gonzalez & Fernandez 2015 Rivas-Fuenmayor, Molina, Ugueto, Barros, Barrio-Amoros & Kok 2012 Genus Chlorosoma (Green Bush Racers)   Chlorosoma viridissimum Emerald Bush Racer Avila-Pires 2005 Chippaux 1987 Freitas, Franca & Bernarde 2012 Marca 1997 Mumaw, Gonzalez & Fernandez 2015 Pefaur 1992 Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 Rivas-Fuenmayor, Molina, Ugueto, Barros, Barrio-Amoros & Kok 2012 Thomas 1976 Genus Clelia (Northern Snake Eaters)   Clelia clelia Common Snake Eater Avila-Pires 2005 Marca 1997 Mumaw, Gonzalez & Fernandez 2015 Pefaur 1992 Rivas-Fuenmayor, Molina, Ugueto, Barros, Barrio-Amoros & Kok 2012 Zaher 1996 Genus Dendrophidion (Forest Racers)   Dendrophidion dendrophis Tawny Forest Racer Avila-Pires 2005 Marca 1997 Mumaw, Gonzalez & Fernandez 2015 Pefaur 1992 Rivas-Fuenmayor, Molina, Ugueto, Barros, Barrio-Amoros & Kok 2012   * Dendrophidion nuchale Venezuelan Black-naped Forest Racer Cadle & Savage 2012 Lieb 1991 Marca 1997 Mumaw, Gonzalez & Fernandez 2015 Pefaur 1992 Rivas-Fuenmayor, Molina, Ugueto, Barros, Barrio-Amoros & Kok 2012   Dendrophidion percarinatum South American Forest Racer Cadle 2012 Marca 1997 Mumaw, Gonzalez & Fernandez 2015 Rivas-Fuenmayor, Molina, Ugueto, Barros, Barrio-Amoros & Kok 2012 Rojas-Runjaic & Rivero 2008 Genus Dipsas (Neotropical Snail Eaters)   Dipsas catesbyi Ornate Snail Eater Avila-Pires 2005 Lima & Prudente 2009 Marca 1997 Mumaw, Gonzalez & Fernandez 2015 Pefaur 1992 Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 Peters 1960 Peters 1965 Rivas-Fuenmayor, Molina, Ugueto, Barros, Barrio-Amoros & Kok 2012 Sanchez-Martinez, Franca & Trevine 2022   Dipsas copei Guianan Snail Eater Avila-Pires 2005 Harvey & Embert 2008 Harvey 2008 Marca 1997 Mumaw, Gonzalez & Fernandez 2015 Pefaur 1992 Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 Rivas-Fuenmayor, Molina, Ugueto, Barros, Barrio-Amoros & Kok 2012   Dipsas indica Big-headed Snail Eater Avila-Pires 2005 Marca 1997 [as "cf. indica"] Mumaw, Gonzalez & Fernandez 2015 Natera-Mumaw & Battison 2008 Rivas-Fuenmayor, Molina, Ugueto, Barros, Barrio-Amoros & Kok 2012   Dipsas latifrontalis Broad-fronted Snail Eater Arteaga, Salazar-Valenzuela, Mebert, Penafiel, Aguiar, Sanchez-Nivicela, Pyron, Colston, Cisneros-Heredia, Yanez-Munoz, Venegas, Guayasamin & Torres-Carvajal 2018 Harvey 2008 [as peruana] Marca 1997 Mumaw, Gonzalez & Fernandez 2015 Pefaur 1992 Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 Peters 1965 Rivas-Fuenmayor, Molina, Ugueto, Barros, Barrio-Amoros & Kok 2012 [as peruana]   Dipsas pavonina Northern Snail Eater Avila-Pires 2005 Lima & Prudente 2009 Marca 1997 Mumaw, Gonzalez & Fernandez 2015 Pefaur 1992 Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 Rivas-Fuenmayor, Molina, Ugueto, Barros, Barrio-Amoros & Kok 2012   Dipsas perijanensis Sierra de Perija Snail Eater Harvey 2008 Marca 1997 Mumaw, Gonzalez & Fernandez 2015 Pefaur 1992 Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 Rivas-Fuenmayor, Molina, Ugueto, Barros, Barrio-Amoros & Kok 2012   * Dipsas praeornata Venezuelan Snail Eater Harvey & Embert 2008 Harvey 2008 Rivas-Fuenmayor, Molina, Ugueto, Barros, Barrio-Amoros & Kok 2012   Dipsas pratti Colombian Snail Eater Barros, Jadin, Caicedo-Portilla & Rivas 2012 Mumaw, Gonzalez & Fernandez 2015 Rivas-Fuenmayor, Molina, Ugueto, Barros, Barrio-Amoros & Kok 2012   Dipsas variegata Many-banded Snail Eater Avila-Pires 2005 Cadle & Myers 2003 Harvey & Embert 2008 Harvey 2008 Marca 1997 Mumaw, Gonzalez & Fernandez 2015 Pefaur 1992 Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 Peters 1960 Peters 1965 Rivas-Fuenmayor, Molina, Ugueto, Barros, Barrio-Amoros & Kok 2012 Genus Drymarchon (Indigo Snakes and Cribos)   Drymarchon caudomaculatus Spot-tailed Cribo Escalona & Gonzalez-Chaves 2021 Mumaw, Gonzalez & Fernandez 2015 Rivas-Fuenmayor, Molina, Ugueto, Barros, Barrio-Amoros & Kok 2012 Wuster, Yrausquin & Mijares-Urrutia 2001   Drymarchon corais Yellow-tailed Cribo Avila-Pires 2005 Marca 1997 Mumaw, Gonzalez & Fernandez 2015 Pefaur 1992 Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 Rivas-Fuenmayor, Molina, Ugueto, Barros, Barrio-Amoros & Kok 2012 Wuster, Yrausquin & Mijares-Urrutia 2001   * Drymarchon margaritae Margarita Island Cribo McCranie 1980 Mumaw, Gonzalez & Fernandez 2015 Pefaur 1992 Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 Rivas-Fuenmayor, Molina, Ugueto, Barros, Barrio-Amoros & Kok 2012 Rivas-Fuenmayor, Ugueto, Rivero & Miralles 2005 Ugueto & Rivas-Fuenmayor 2010 Wuster, Yrausquin & Mijares-Urrutia 2001   Drymarchon melanurus Black-tailed Cribo Mumaw, Gonzalez & Fernandez 2015 Pefaur 1992 Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 Rivas-Fuenmayor, Molina, Ugueto, Barros, Barrio-Amoros & Kok 2012 Wuster, Yrausquin & Mijares-Urrutia 2001 Genus Drymobius (Central American Racers)   Drymobius rhombifer Diamondback Racer Avila-Pires 2005 Marca 1997 Mumaw, Gonzalez & Fernandez 2015 Pefaur 1992 Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 Rivas-Fuenmayor, Molina, Ugueto, Barros, Barrio-Amoros & Kok 2012 Genus Drymoluber (Glossy Racers)   Drymoluber dichrous Northern Glossy Racer Avila-Pires 2005 Caldeira-Costa, Ribeiro-Moura & Neves-Feio 2013 Marca 1997 Mumaw, Gonzalez & Fernandez 2015 Pefaur 1992 Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 Rivas-Fuenmayor, Molina, Ugueto, Barros, Barrio-Amoros & Kok 2012 Genus Dryophylax (Northern Mock Vipers)   * Dryophylax ceibae La Ceiba Mock Viper Bailey & Thomas 2007 Mumaw, Gonzalez & Fernandez 2015 Rivas-Fuenmayor, Molina, Ugueto, Barros, Barrio-Amoros & Kok 2012   * Dryophylax chimanta Chimanta Mock Viper Avila-Pires 2005 Marca 1997 Mumaw, Gonzalez & Fernandez 2015 Pefaur 1992 Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 Rivas-Fuenmayor, Molina, Ugueto, Barros, Barrio-Amoros & Kok 2012 Trevine, Caicedo-Portilla, Hoogmoed, Thomas, Franco, Montingelli, Osorno-Munoz & Zaher 2021   * Dryophylax corocoroensis Corocoro Mock Viper Avila-Pires 2005 Marca 1997 Mumaw, Gonzalez & Fernandez 2015 Rivas-Fuenmayor, Molina, Ugueto, Barros, Barrio-Amoros & Kok 2012 Trevine, Caicedo-Portilla, Hoogmoed, Thomas, Franco, Montingelli, Osorno-Munoz & Zaher 2021   Dryophylax dixoni Apure Mock Viper Bailey & Thomas 2007 Mumaw, Gonzalez & Fernandez 2015 Rivas-Fuenmayor, Molina, Ugueto, Barros, Barrio-Amoros & Kok 2012 Rojas-Morales, Ramirez-Chaves & Guedes 2020 Trevine, Caicedo-Portilla, Hoogmoed, Thomas, Franco, Montingelli, Osorno-Munoz & Zaher 2021   * Dryophylax duida Cerro Duida Mock Viper Avila-Pires 2005 Marca 1997 Mumaw, Gonzalez & Fernandez 2015 Myers & Donnelly 1996 Rivas-Fuenmayor, Molina, Ugueto, Barros, Barrio-Amoros & Kok 2012   * Dryophylax marahuaquensis Marahuaca Mock Viper Avila-Pires 2005 Marca 1997 Mumaw, Gonzalez & Fernandez 2015 Rivas-Fuenmayor, Molina, Ugueto, Barros, Barrio-Amoros & Kok 2012 Trevine, Caicedo-Portilla, Hoogmoed, Thomas, Franco, Montingelli, Osorno-Munoz & Zaher 2021   Dryophylax paraguanae Paraguana Mock Viper Bailey & Thomas 2007 Mumaw, Gonzalez & Fernandez 2015 Rivas-Fuenmayor, Molina, Ugueto, Barros, Barrio-Amoros & Kok 2012 Trevine, Caicedo-Portilla, Hoogmoed, Thomas, Franco, Montingelli, Osorno-Munoz & Zaher 2021   Dryophylax ramonriveroi Turimiquire Mock Viper Bailey & Thomas 2007 Manzanilla & Sanchez 2005 Mumaw, Gonzalez & Fernandez 2015 Rivas-Fuenmayor, Molina, Ugueto, Barros, Barrio-Amoros & Kok 2012 Trevine, Caicedo-Portilla, Hoogmoed, Thomas, Franco, Montingelli, Osorno-Munoz & Zaher 2021   * Dryophylax yavi Cerro Yavi Mock Viper Avila-Pires 2005 Marca 1997 Mumaw, Gonzalez & Fernandez 2015 Myers & Donnelly 1996 Rivas-Fuenmayor, Molina, Ugueto, Barros, Barrio-Amoros & Kok 2012 Trevine, Caicedo-Portilla, Hoogmoed, Thomas, Franco, Montingelli, Osorno-Munoz & Zaher 2021 Genus Enulius (Middle American Long-tailed Snakes)   Enulius flavitorques Pacific Long-tailed Snake Mumaw, Gonzalez & Fernandez 2015 Rivas-Fuenmayor, Molina, Ugueto, Barros, Barrio-Amoros & Kok 2012 Genus Erythrolamprus (Neotropical Smooth Snakes)   Erythrolamprus aenigma Savannah Smooth Snake Avila-Pires 2005 [as E. poecilogyrus] Entiauspe-Neto, Abegg, Koch, Nunez, Azevedo, Moraes, Tiutenko, Bialves & Loebmann 2021 Fuentes & Barrio 1999 [as E. poecilogyrus schotti] Mumaw, Gonzalez & Fernandez 2015 [as E. poecilogyrus] Natera-Mumaw, Gutierrez, Hidalgo & Battiston 2007 [as E. poecilogyrus schotti] Pefaur 1992 [as E. poecilogyrus schotti] Rivas-Fuenmayor, Molina, Ugueto, Barros, Barrio-Amoros & Kok 2012 [as E. poecilogyrus]   Erythrolamprus aesculapii Southern Mock Coral Snake Avila-Pires 2005 Curcio, Scali & Rodrigues 2015 Marca 1997 Mumaw, Gonzalez & Fernandez 2015 Pefaur 1992 Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 [as bauperthuisii] Rivas-Fuenmayor, Molina, Ugueto, Barros, Barrio-Amoros & Kok 2012   Erythrolamprus bizonus Double-banded Mock Coral Snake Curcio, Scali & Rodrigues 2015 Marca 1997 Mumaw, Gonzalez & Fernandez 2015 Pefaur 1992 Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 Rivas-Fuenmayor, Molina, Ugueto, Barros, Barrio-Amoros & Kok 2012   Erythrolamprus breviceps Short-headed Smooth Snake Avila-Pires 2005 Dixon 1989 Marca 1997 Mumaw, Gonzalez & Fernandez 2015 Pefaur 1992 Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 Rivas-Fuenmayor, Molina, Ugueto, Barros, Barrio-Amoros & Kok 2012   Erythrolamprus cobellus South American Red-bellied Smooth Snake Avila-Pires 2005 Dixon 1989 Marca 1997 Mumaw, Gonzalez & Fernandez 2015 Pefaur 1992 Rivas-Fuenmayor, Molina, Ugueto, Barros, Barrio-Amoros & Kok 2012   Erythrolamprus dorsocorallinus Barinas Smooth Snake Ascenso, Costa & Prudente 2019 Esqueda, Natera-Mumaw, Marca & Ilija-Fistar 2007 Mumaw, Gonzalez & Fernandez 2015 Rivas-Fuenmayor, Molina, Ugueto, Barros, Barrio-Amoros & Kok 2012 Silva Araujo, Souza, Andrade Farias, Silva, Venancio, Maciel Junior & Melo-Sampaio 2012   Erythrolamprus epinephelus Fire-bellied Smooth Snake Dixon 1983 Dixon 1989 Entiauspe-Neto, Abegg, Koch, Nunez, Azevedo, Moraes, Tiutenko, Bialves & Loebmann 2021 Marca 1997 Mumaw, Gonzalez & Fernandez 2015 Murphy, Braswell, Charles, Auguste, Rivas, Borzee, Lehtinen & Jowers 2019 Pefaur 1992 Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 Rivas-Fuenmayor, Molina, Ugueto, Barros, Barrio-Amoros & Kok 2012 Rojas-Runjaic, Infante Rivero, Barrio-Amoros & Barros Blanco 2007   * Erythrolamprus ingeri Chimanta Tepui Smooth Snake Avila-Pires 2005 Entiauspe-Neto, Abegg, Koch, Nunez, Azevedo, Moraes, Tiutenko, Bialves & Loebmann 2021 Mumaw, Gonzalez & Fernandez 2015 Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 Rivas-Fuenmayor, Molina, Ugueto, Barros, Barrio-Amoros & Kok 2012   Erythrolamprus melanotus South American Black-backed Smooth Snake Ascenso, Costa & Prudente 2019 Avila-Pires 2005 Dixon & Michaud 1992 Dixon 1989 Marca 1997 Mumaw, Gonzalez & Fernandez 2015 Murphy, Braswell, Charles, Auguste, Rivas, Borzee, Lehtinen & Jowers 2019 Pefaur 1992 Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 Rivas-Fuenmayor, Molina, Ugueto, Barros, Barrio-Amoros & Kok 2012 Rivas-Fuenmayor, Ugueto, Rivero & Miralles 2005 Ugueto & Rivas-Fuenmayor 2010   * Erythrolamprus mertensi Venezuelan Forest Snake Marca 1997 Mumaw, Gonzalez & Fernandez 2015 Pefaur 1992 Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 Rivas-Fuenmayor, Molina, Ugueto, Barros, Barrio-Amoros & Kok 2012   Erythrolamprus miliaris Military Smooth Snake Avila-Pires 2005 Kornacker, Rivas & Fuentes 2002 Mumaw, Gonzalez & Fernandez 2015 Rivas-Fuenmayor, Molina, Ugueto, Barros, Barrio-Amoros & Kok 2012   Erythrolamprus oligolepis Para Smooth Snake Mumaw, Gonzalez & Fernandez 2015   Erythrolamprus pseudocorallus Venezuelan Mock Coral Snake Curcio, Sanchez-Pacheco, Mueses-Cisneros & Rodrigues 2009 Curcio, Scali & Rodrigues 2015 Marca 1997 Mumaw, Gonzalez & Fernandez 2015 Pefaur 1992 Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 Rivas-Fuenmayor, Molina, Ugueto, Barros, Barrio-Amoros & Kok 2012   Erythrolamprus pygmaeus Amazon Dwarf Forest Snake Mumaw, Gonzalez & Fernandez 2015   Erythrolamprus reginae Northern Royal Smooth Snake Ascenso, Costa & Prudente 2019 Avila-Pires 2005 Dixon 1989 Marca 1997 Mumaw, Gonzalez & Fernandez 2015 Pefaur 1992 Rivas-Fuenmayor, Molina, Ugueto, Barros, Barrio-Amoros & Kok 2012   * Erythrolamprus torrenicola Guaiquinima Smooth Snake Avila-Pires 2005 Donnelly & Myers 1991 Entiauspe-Neto, Abegg, Koch, Nunez, Azevedo, Moraes, Tiutenko, Bialves & Loebmann 2021 Marca 1997 Mumaw, Gonzalez & Fernandez 2015 Rivas-Fuenmayor, Molina, Ugueto, Barros, Barrio-Amoros & Kok 2012   Erythrolamprus trebbaui Bolivar Smooth Snake Avila-Pires 2005 Dixon 1989 Mumaw, Gonzalez & Fernandez 2015 Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 Rivas-Fuenmayor, Molina, Ugueto, Barros, Barrio-Amoros & Kok 2012   Erythrolamprus typhlus Velvety Smooth Snake Avila-Pires 2005 Dixon 1987 Dixon 1989 Marca 1997 Mumaw, Gonzalez & Fernandez 2015 Pefaur 1992 Rivas-Fuenmayor, Molina, Ugueto, Barros, Barrio-Amoros & Kok 2012   * Erythrolamprus williamsi Venezuelan Smooth Snake Dixon 1989 Entiauspe-Neto, Abegg, Koch, Nunez, Azevedo, Moraes, Tiutenko, Bialves & Loebmann 2021 Marca 1997 Mumaw, Gonzalez & Fernandez 2015 Pefaur 1992 Rivas-Fuenmayor, Molina, Ugueto, Barros, Barrio-Amoros & Kok 2012   Erythrolamprus zweifeli Yellow-speckled Smooth Snake Ascenso, Costa & Prudente 2019 Dixon 1989 Entiauspe-Neto, Abegg, Koch, Nunez, Azevedo, Moraes, Tiutenko, Bialves & Loebmann 2021 Mumaw, Gonzalez & Fernandez 2015 Murphy, Braswell, Charles, Auguste, Rivas, Borzee, Lehtinen & Jowers 2019 Pefaur 1992 Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 Rivas-Fuenmayor, Molina, Ugueto, Barros, Barrio-Amoros & Kok 2012 Genus Helicops (South American Keelbacks)   Helicops angulatus Brown-banded Keelback Avila-Pires 2005 Marca 1997 Mumaw, Gonzalez & Fernandez 2015 Pefaur 1992 Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 Rivas-Fuenmayor, Molina, Ugueto, Barros, Barrio-Amoros & Kok 2012 Roberto, Ribeiro, Sousa-Delfino & Oliveira-Almeida 2009   Helicops hagmanni Amazonian Keelback Avila-Pires 2005 Marca 1997 Mumaw, Gonzalez & Fernandez 2015 Paolillo 1986 Pefaur 1992 Rivas-Fuenmayor, Molina, Ugueto, Barros, Barrio-Amoros & Kok 2012   Helicops pastazae Pastaza River Keelback Marca 1997 Mumaw, Gonzalez & Fernandez 2015 Pefaur 1992 Rivas-Fuenmayor, Molina, Ugueto, Barros, Barrio-Amoros & Kok 2012 Rossman 1976   Helicops scalaris Ladder Keelback Avila-Pires 2005 [as hogei] Marca 1997 [as hogei] Moraes-da-Silva, Amaro, Sales Nunes, Rodrigues & Curcio 2021 Moraes-da-Silva, Amaro, Sales Nunes, Strussmann, Teixeira, Andrade, Sudre, Recoder, Rodrigues & Curcio 2019 Mumaw, Gonzalez & Fernandez 2015 [as hogei] Pefaur 1992 [as hogei] Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 [as hogei] Rivas-Fuenmayor, Molina, Ugueto, Barros, Barrio-Amoros & Kok 2012 [as hogei] Genus Hydrodynastes (False Water Cobras)   Hydrodynastes bicinctus Two-banded False Water Cobra Avila-Pires 2005 Franco, Fernandes & Bentim 2007 Marca 1997 Mumaw, Gonzalez & Fernandez 2015 Pefaur 1992 Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 Rivas-Fuenmayor, Molina, Ugueto, Barros, Barrio-Amoros & Kok 2012 Genus Hydrops (South American Mud Snakes)   Hydrops martii Coral Mud Snake Mumaw, Gonzalez & Fernandez 2015 Rivas-Fuenmayor, Molina, Ugueto, Barros, Barrio-Amoros & Kok 2012   Hydrops triangularis Red-sided Mud Snake Albuquerque & Lema 2008 Avila-Pires 2005 Marca 1997 Mumaw, Gonzalez & Fernandez 2015 Pefaur 1992 Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 Rivas-Fuenmayor, Molina, Ugueto, Barros, Barrio-Amoros & Kok 2012 Roze 1957 Genus Imantodes (American Blunt-headed Tree Snakes)   Imantodes cenchoa Common Blunt-headed Tree Snake Avila-Pires 2005 Marca 1997 Mumaw, Gonzalez & Fernandez 2015 Pefaur 1992 Rivas-Fuenmayor, Molina, Ugueto, Barros, Barrio-Amoros & Kok 2012   Imantodes lentiferus Amazon Blunt-headed Tree Snake Avila-Pires 2005 Donnelly & Myers 1991 Frota, Missassi, Santos-Costa & Prudente 2015 Marca 1997 Mumaw, Gonzalez & Fernandez 2015 Rivas-Fuenmayor, Molina, Ugueto, Barros, Barrio-Amoros & Kok 2012 Genus Lampropeltis (King Snakes and Milk Snakes)   Lampropeltis micropholis Southern Milk Snake Barrio-Amoros & Navarrete 1999 Marca 1997 [as triangulum] Mumaw, Gonzalez & Fernandez 2015 [as andesiana] Pefaur 1992 [as triangulum] Rivas-Fuenmayor, Molina, Ugueto, Barros, Barrio-Amoros & Kok 2012 Genus Leptodeira (Typical Cat-eyed Snakes)   Leptodeira annulata South American Banded Cat-eyed Snake Avila-Pires 2005 Barrio-Amoros 2019 Duellman 1958 Hummelinck 1940 Marca 1997 Mumaw, Gonzalez & Fernandez 2015 Pefaur 1992 Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 Rivas-Fuenmayor, Molina, Ugueto, Barros, Barrio-Amoros & Kok 2012 Ugueto & Rivas-Fuenmayor 2010   Leptodeira ashmeadi Venezuelan Cat-eyed Snake Barrio-Amoros 2019 Duellman 1958 Pefaur 1992 Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 Rivas-Fuenmayor, Ugueto, Rivero & Miralles 2005   Leptodeira bakeri Aruba Cat-eyed Snake Barrio-Amoros 2019 Buurt 2005 Marca 1997 Mumaw, Gonzalez & Fernandez 2015 Rivas-Fuenmayor, Molina, Ugueto, Barros, Barrio-Amoros & Kok 2012   Leptodeira ornata Panamanian Small-spotted Cat-eyed Snake Marca 1997 [as septentrionalis] Pefaur 1992 Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 Rivas-Fuenmayor, Molina, Ugueto, Barros, Barrio-Amoros & Kok 2012 [as septentrionalis] Genus Leptophis (Neotropical Parrot Snakes)   Leptophis ahaetulla Common Green Parrot Snake Albuquerque & Fernandes 2022 Avila-Pires 2005 Marca 1997 Mumaw, Gonzalez & Fernandez 2015 Oliver 1948 Pefaur 1992 Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 Rivas-Fuenmayor, Molina, Ugueto, Barros, Barrio-Amoros & Kok 2012   Leptophis coeruleodorsus Striped Green Parrot Snake Albuquerque & Fernandes 2022 Albuquerque, Santos, Borges-Nojosa & Avila 2022 Mumaw, Gonzalez & Fernandez 2015 Murphy, Charles, Lehtinen & Koeller 2013 Oliver 1948 Pefaur 1992 Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 Rivas-Fuenmayor, Ugueto, Rivero & Miralles 2005 [as ahaetulla] Ugueto & Rivas-Fuenmayor 2010 Ugueto, Velozo, Sanchez, Villapol, Lasso-Alcala, Barros & Rivas 2013 [as ahaetulla]   Leptophis cupreus Copper Parrot Snake Albuquerque & McDiarmid 2010 Mumaw, Gonzalez & Fernandez 2015 Rivas-Fuenmayor, Molina, Ugueto, Barros, Barrio-Amoros & Kok 2012   Leptophis occidentalis Guayaquil Parrot Snake Albuquerque & Fernandes 2022 Mumaw, Gonzalez & Fernandez 2015 [as occidentalis] Murphy, Charles, Lehtinen & Koeller 2013 Oliver 1948 Pefaur 1992 Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 Rivas-Fuenmayor, Molina, Ugueto, Barros, Barrio-Amoros & Kok 2012 Genus Lygophis (South American Striped Ground Snakes)   Lygophis lineatus Western Striped Ground Snake Avila-Pires 2005 Dixon 1989 Marca 1997 Michaud & Dixon 1987 Mumaw, Gonzalez & Fernandez 2015 Pefaur 1992 Rivas-Fuenmayor, Molina, Ugueto, Barros, Barrio-Amoros & Kok 2012 Genus Masticophis (North American Whip Snakes and Coachwhips)   Masticophis mentovarius Neotropical Whip Snake Avila-Pires 2005 Esqueda & Marca 1999 Johnson 1977 Johnson 1982 Marca 1997 Mumaw, Gonzalez & Fernandez 2015 Pefaur 1992 Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 Rivas-Fuenmayor, Molina, Ugueto, Barros, Barrio-Amoros & Kok 2012 Rivas-Fuenmayor, Ugueto, Rivero & Miralles 2005 Ugueto & Rivas-Fuenmayor 2010 Genus Mastigodryas (Neotropical Lizard Eaters)   Mastigodryas amarali Venezuelan Lizard Eater Hernandez V. & Rada de M. 1992 Marca 1997 Montingelli & Zaher 2011 Montingelli 2009 Montingelli, Grazziotin, Battilana, Murphy, Zhang & Zaher 2019 Mumaw, Gonzalez & Fernandez 2015 Pefaur 1992 Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 Rivas-Fuenmayor, Molina, Ugueto, Barros, Barrio-Amoros & Kok 2012 Rivas-Fuenmayor, Ugueto, Rivero & Miralles 2005 Ugueto & Rivas-Fuenmayor 2010   Mastigodryas boddaerti Brown Lizard Eater Avila-Pires 2005 Hernandez V. & Rada de M. 1992 Marca 1997 Montingelli 2009 Montingelli, Grazziotin, Battilana, Murphy, Zhang & Zaher 2019 Montingelli, Valencia, Benavides & Zaher 2011 Mumaw, Gonzalez & Fernandez 2015 Pefaur 1992 Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 Rivas-Fuenmayor, Molina, Ugueto, Barros, Barrio-Amoros & Kok 2012   Mastigodryas pleei Many-lined Lizard Eater Avila-Pires 2005 Hernandez V. & Rada de M. 1992 Marca 1997 Montingelli & Zaher 2011 Montingelli 2009 Montingelli, Grazziotin, Battilana, Murphy, Zhang & Zaher 2019 Mumaw, Gonzalez & Fernandez 2015 Pefaur 1992 Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 Rivas-Fuenmayor, Molina, Ugueto, Barros, Barrio-Amoros & Kok 2012 Rivas-Fuenmayor, Ugueto, Rivero & Miralles 2005 Ugueto & Rivas-Fuenmayor 2010   Mastigodryas ruthveni Magdalena Lizard Eater Montingelli 2009 Genus Myersinia (Venezuelan Leaf-litter Snake)   * Myersinia nebularis Venezuelan Leaf-litter Snake Mumaw, Gonzalez & Fernandez 2015 Rivas-Fuenmayor, Molina, Ugueto, Barros, Barrio-Amoros & Kok 2012 Schargel, Rivas-Fuenmayor & Myers 2005 Genus Ninia (Coffee Snakes)   Ninia atrata Red-naped Coffee Snake Angarita-Sierra 2014 Marca 1997 Mumaw, Gonzalez & Fernandez 2015 Pefaur 1992 Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 Rivas-Fuenmayor, Molina, Ugueto, Barros, Barrio-Amoros & Kok 2012 Genus Oxybelis (Neotropical Vine Snakes)   Oxybelis aeneus Brown Vine Snake Avila-Pires 2005 [[part?]] Marca 1997 [[part?]] Mumaw, Gonzalez & Fernandez 2015 [[part?]] Pefaur 1992 [[part?]] Rivas-Fuenmayor, Molina, Ugueto, Barros, Barrio-Amoros & Kok 2012 [[part?]]   Oxybelis fulgidus Green Vine Snake Avila-Pires 2005 Marca 1997 Mumaw, Gonzalez & Fernandez 2015 Pefaur 1992 Rivas-Fuenmayor, Molina, Ugueto, Barros, Barrio-Amoros & Kok 2012   Oxybelis rutherfordi Trinidad Vine Snake Avila-Pires 2005 [as aeneus [part]] Jadin, Blair, Orlofske, Jowers, Rivas, Vitt, Ray, Smith & Murphy 2020 Keiser 1974 [as aeneus] Keiser 1982 [as aeneus] Marca 1997 [as aeneus [part]] Mumaw, Gonzalez & Fernandez 2015 [as aeneus [part]] Pefaur 1992 [as aeneus [part]] Rivas-Fuenmayor, Molina, Ugueto, Barros, Barrio-Amoros & Kok 2012 [as aeneus [part]] Rivas-Fuenmayor, Ugueto, Rivero & Miralles 2005 [as aeneus] Ugueto & Rivas-Fuenmayor 2010 [as aeneus] Genus Oxyrhopus (Calico Snakes)   * Oxyrhopus doliatus Venezuelan Calico Snake Gonzales, Reichle & Entiauspe-Neto 2020 Marca 1997 Mumaw, Gonzalez & Fernandez 2015 Pefaur 1992 Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 Rivas-Fuenmayor, Molina, Ugueto, Barros, Barrio-Amoros & Kok 2012   Oxyrhopus leucomelas Tolima Calico Snake Calcano & Barrio-Amoros 2010 Mumaw, Gonzalez & Fernandez 2015 Rivas-Fuenmayor, Molina, Ugueto, Barros, Barrio-Amoros & Kok 2012   Oxyrhopus melanogenys Black-headed Calico Snake Avila-Pires 2005 [as "aff. melanogenys"] Kornacker 1999 [as trigeminus] Marca 1997 Pefaur 1992 [as trigeminus] Rivas-Fuenmayor, Molina, Ugueto, Barros, Barrio-Amoros & Kok 2012   Oxyrhopus occipitalis Northern Calico Snake Avila-Pires 2005 [as formosus] MacCulloch, Lathrop, Kok, Ernst & Kalamandeen 2009 Marca 1997 [as formosus] Mattei & Barrio 1999 [as formosus] McDiarmid & Paolillo 1988 [as O. formosus] Mumaw, Gonzalez & Fernandez 2015 Rivas-Fuenmayor, Molina, Ugueto, Barros, Barrio-Amoros & Kok 2012   Oxyrhopus petolarius Banded Calico Snake Avila-Pires 2005 Marca 1997 Mumaw, Gonzalez & Fernandez 2015 [as digitalis] Pefaur 1992 Rivas-Fuenmayor, Molina, Ugueto, Barros, Barrio-Amoros & Kok 2012   Oxyrhopus vanidicus Leticia Calico Snake Mumaw, Gonzalez & Fernandez 2015 Genus Palusophis (Eastern Lizard Eater)   Palusophis bifossatus Eastern Lizard Eater Avila-Pires 2005 Hernandez V. & Rada de M. 1992 Marca 1997 Montingelli 2009 Montingelli, Grazziotin, Battilana, Murphy, Zhang & Zaher 2019 Mumaw, Gonzalez & Fernandez 2015 Pefaur 1992 Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 Rivas-Fuenmayor, Molina, Ugueto, Barros, Barrio-Amoros & Kok 2012 Genus Philodryas (South American Bush Racers)   * Philodryas cordata Guaiquinima Bush Racer Avila-Pires 2005 Donnelly & Myers 1991 Marca 1997 Mumaw, Gonzalez & Fernandez 2015 Rivas-Fuenmayor, Molina, Ugueto, Barros, Barrio-Amoros & Kok 2012   Philodryas olfersii Common Green Bush Racer Avila-Pires 2005 Marca 1997 Mumaw, Gonzalez & Fernandez 2015 Pefaur 1992 Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 [as carbonelli] Rivas-Fuenmayor, Molina, Ugueto, Barros, Barrio-Amoros & Kok 2012 Thomas 1976 Genus Phimophis (South American Shovel-nosed Snakes)   Phimophis guianensis Northern Tropical Shovel-nosed Snake Avila-Pires 2005 Marca 1997 Mumaw, Gonzalez & Fernandez 2015 Pefaur 1992 Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 Rivas-Fuenmayor, Molina, Ugueto, Barros, Barrio-Amoros & Kok 2012 Rivas-Fuenmayor, Ugueto, Rivero & Miralles 2005 Ugueto & Rivas-Fuenmayor 2010 Genus Phrynonax (Neotropical Bird Snakes)   Phrynonax sexcarinatus Southern Bird Snake Avila-Pires 2005 [as Pseustes poecilonotus] Marca 1997 [as Pseustes poecilonotus] Mumaw, Gonzalez & Fernandez 2015 [as lyoni] Pefaur 1992 [as polylepis] Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 [as polylepis] Rivas-Fuenmayor, Molina, Ugueto, Barros, Barrio-Amoros & Kok 2012 [as Pseustes poecilonotus]   Phrynonax shropshirei Panamanian Bird Snake Marca 1997 Rivas-Fuenmayor, Molina, Ugueto, Barros, Barrio-Amoros & Kok 2012 Genus Pseudoboa (Neotropical Scarlet Snakes)   Pseudoboa coronata Black-headed Scarlet Snake Avila-Pires 2005 Caldeira Costa, Cotta & MacCulloch 2015 Marca 1997 Mumaw, Gonzalez & Fernandez 2015 Pefaur 1992 Rivas-Fuenmayor, Molina, Ugueto, Barros, Barrio-Amoros & Kok 2012   Pseudoboa neuwiedii Northern Scarlet Snake Avila-Pires 2005 Marca 1997 Mumaw, Gonzalez & Fernandez 2015 Pefaur 1992 Rivas-Fuenmayor, Molina, Ugueto, Barros, Barrio-Amoros & Kok 2012 Rivas-Fuenmayor, Ugueto, Rivero & Miralles 2005 Ugueto & Rivas-Fuenmayor 2010 Zaher, Oliveira & Franco 2008 Genus Pseudoeryx (Dusky Mud Snakes)   Pseudoeryx plicatilis Dusky Mud Snake Marca 1997 Mumaw, Gonzalez & Fernandez 2015 Pefaur 1992 Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 Rivas-Fuenmayor, Molina, Ugueto, Barros, Barrio-Amoros & Kok 2012 Scartozzoni, Trevine & Germano 2010   * Pseudoeryx relictualis Lake Maracaibo Mud Snake Mumaw, Gonzalez & Fernandez 2015 Rivas-Fuenmayor, Molina, Ugueto, Barros, Barrio-Amoros & Kok 2012 Schargel, Fuenmayor, Barros, Pefaur & Navarrete 2007 Genus Rhinobothryum (Ringed Snakes)   Rhinobothryum bovallii False Tree Coral Snake Marca 1997 Meza-Joya, Rojas-Morales & Ramo 2020 Mumaw, Gonzalez & Fernandez 2015 Pefaur 1992 Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 Rivas-Fuenmayor, Molina, Ugueto, Barros, Barrio-Amoros & Kok 2012   Rhinobothryum lentiginosum Amazon Ringed Snake Avila-Pires 2005 Marca 1997 Molina & Rivas 1996 Mumaw, Gonzalez & Fernandez 2015 Rivas-Fuenmayor, Molina, Ugueto, Barros, Barrio-Amoros & Kok 2012 Genus Sibon (Neotropical Snail Eaters)   Sibon nebulatus Cloudy Snail Eater Avila-Pires 2005 Harvey 2008 Marca 1997 Mumaw, Gonzalez & Fernandez 2015 Pefaur 1992 Peters 1960 Rivas-Fuenmayor, Molina, Ugueto, Barros, Barrio-Amoros & Kok 2012 Rivas-Fuenmayor, Ugueto, Rivero & Miralles 2005 Ugueto & Rivas-Fuenmayor 2010 Genus Siphlophis (Liana Snakes)   Siphlophis cervinus Common Liana Snake Avila-Pires 2005 Barrio-Amoros, Navarrete, Fuentes & Mattei 1999 Mumaw, Gonzalez & Fernandez 2015 Rivas-Fuenmayor, Molina, Ugueto, Barros, Barrio-Amoros & Kok 2012   Siphlophis compressus Red-headed Liana Snake Avila-Pires 2005 Barrio-Amoros, Chacon-Ortiz, Diasparra, Orellana, Bautista & Molina 2010 Marca 1997 Mumaw, Gonzalez & Fernandez 2015 Pefaur 1992 Rivas-Fuenmayor, Molina, Ugueto, Barros, Barrio-Amoros & Kok 2012 Genus Spilotes (Chicken Snakes)   Spilotes pullatus Chicken Snake Avila-Pires 2005 Marca 1997 Mumaw, Gonzalez & Fernandez 2015 Pefaur 1992 Rivas-Fuenmayor, Molina, Ugueto, Barros, Barrio-Amoros & Kok 2012 Rivas-Fuenmayor, Ugueto, Rivero & Miralles 2005 Ugueto & Rivas-Fuenmayor 2010   Spilotes sulphureus Yellow-bellied Puffing Snake Avila-Pires 2005 Marca 1997 Mumaw, Gonzalez & Fernandez 2015 Pefaur 1992 Rivas-Fuenmayor, Molina, Ugueto, Barros, Barrio-Amoros & Kok 2012 Genus Stenorrhina (Scorpion Eaters)   Stenorrhina degenhardtii South American Scorpion Eater Marca 1997 Mumaw, Gonzalez & Fernandez 2015 Navarrete, Rodriguez Acosta, Contreras & Briceno 2005 Pefaur 1992 Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 Rivas-Fuenmayor, Molina, Ugueto, Barros, Barrio-Amoros & Kok 2012 Genus Tantilla (American Centipede Snakes)   Tantilla melanocephala South American Black-headed Centipede Snake Avila-Pires 2005 Jowers, Rivas, Jadin, Braswell, Auguste, Borzee & Murphy 2020 Marca 1997 Mumaw, Gonzalez & Fernandez 2015 Pefaur 1992 Rivas-Fuenmayor, Molina, Ugueto, Barros, Barrio-Amoros & Kok 2012 Wilson & Mena 1980 Wilson 1987   Tantilla semicincta Ringed Centipede Snake Marca 1997 Mumaw, Gonzalez & Fernandez 2015 Pefaur 1992 Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 Rivas-Fuenmayor, Molina, Ugueto, Barros, Barrio-Amoros & Kok 2012 Wilson & Mata-Silva 2015 Wilson 1987 Wilson 1990 Genus Thamnodynastes (South American Mock Vipers)   Thamnodynastes pallidus Common South American Mock Viper Avila-Pires 2005 [as strigilis] Bailey, Thomas & Silva 2005 Mumaw, Gonzalez & Fernandez 2015 Myers & Donnelly 1997 Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 [as strigilis] Rivas-Fuenmayor, Molina, Ugueto, Barros, Barrio-Amoros & Kok 2012 Trevine, Caicedo-Portilla, Hoogmoed, Thomas, Franco, Montingelli, Osorno-Munoz & Zaher 2021 Genus Urotheca (Glass-tailed Snakes)   Urotheca fulviceps Tawny-headed Glass-tailed Snake Manzanilla, Mijares-Urrutia & Rivero 1998 Mumaw, Gonzalez & Fernandez 2015 Rivas-Fuenmayor, Molina, Ugueto, Barros, Barrio-Amoros & Kok 2012 Rojas-Runjaic, Natera-Mumaw & Infante-Rivero 2008   * Urotheca multilineata Many-striped Glass-tailed Snake Marca 1997 Mumaw, Gonzalez & Fernandez 2015 Myers 1974 Pefaur 1992 Rivas-Fuenmayor, Molina, Ugueto, Barros, Barrio-Amoros & Kok 2012 Genus Xenodon (Northern Mock Lanceheads and South American Hognose Snakes)   Xenodon merremii Toad-eating Mock Lancehead Avila-Pires 2005 Kornacker 1998 Mumaw, Gonzalez & Fernandez 2015 Rivas-Fuenmayor, Molina, Ugueto, Barros, Barrio-Amoros & Kok 2012   Xenodon rabdocephalus Common Mock Lancehead Avila-Pires 2005 Marca 1997 Mumaw, Gonzalez & Fernandez 2015 Paolillo 1984 Pefaur 1992 Rivas-Fuenmayor, Molina, Ugueto, Barros, Barrio-Amoros & Kok 2012   Xenodon severus Giant Mock Lancehead Avila-Pires 2005 Marca 1997 Mumaw, Gonzalez & Fernandez 2015 Pefaur 1992 Rivas-Fuenmayor, Molina, Ugueto, Barros, Barrio-Amoros & Kok 2012 Genus Xenopholis (South American Flat-headed Snakes)   Xenopholis scalaris Northern Flat-headed Snake Mumaw, Gonzalez & Fernandez 2015 Genus Xenoxybelis (South American Vine Snakes)   Xenoxybelis argenteus Green-striped Vine Snake Avila-Pires 2005 Marca 1997 Mumaw, Gonzalez & Fernandez 2015 Pefaur 1992 Rivas-Fuenmayor, Molina, Ugueto, Barros, Barrio-Amoros & Kok 2012  Family Elapidae [part 1: terrestrial species] (Cobras, Mambas, etc.) Genus Leptomicrurus (Black-backed Coral Snakes)   Leptomicrurus collaris Guianan Black-backed Coral Snake Avila-Pires 2005 Campbell & Lamar 2004 Marca 1997 Mumaw, Gonzalez & Fernandez 2015 Pefaur 1992 Rivas-Fuenmayor, Molina, Ugueto, Barros, Barrio-Amoros & Kok 2012 Roze 1996 Genus Micrurus (American Coral Snakes)   Micrurus circinalis Trinidad Coral Snake Campbell & Lamar 2004 Jowers, Garcia Mudarra, Charles & Murphy 2019 Mumaw, Gonzalez & Fernandez 2015 Rivas-Fuenmayor, Molina, Ugueto, Barros, Barrio-Amoros & Kok 2012 Roze 1996   Micrurus dissoleucus Pygmy Coral Snake Avila-Pires 2005 Campbell & Lamar 2004 David, Dobiey & Vogel 2018 Marca 1997 Mumaw, Gonzalez & Fernandez 2015 Pefaur 1992 Rivas-Fuenmayor, Molina, Ugueto, Barros, Barrio-Amoros & Kok 2012 Roze 1996   Micrurus diutius Trinidad Ribbon Coral Snake Campbell & Lamar 2004 David, Dobiey & Vogel 2018 Natera-Mumaw, Acosta, Battiston & Hidalgo 2007 Pefaur 1992 Roze 1996   Micrurus dumerilii Capuchin Coral Snake Campbell & Lamar 2004 David, Dobiey & Vogel 2018 Marca 1997 Mumaw, Gonzalez & Fernandez 2015 Pefaur 1992 Rivas-Fuenmayor, Molina, Ugueto, Barros, Barrio-Amoros & Kok 2012 Roze 1996   Micrurus helleri Western Ribbon Coral Snake Avila-Pires 2005 [as M. lemniscatus] Barrio-Amoros & Calcano 2003 Campbell & Lamar 2004 Marca 1997 [as M. lemniscatus] Mumaw, Gonzalez & Fernandez 2015 [as M. lemniscatus] Pefaur 1992 Roze 1996   Micrurus hemprichii Worm-eating Coral Snake Avila-Pires 2005 Bernarde, Turci, Abegg & Franco 2018 Campbell & Lamar 2004 Marca 1997 Mumaw, Gonzalez & Fernandez 2015 Pefaur 1992 Rivas-Fuenmayor, Molina, Ugueto, Barros, Barrio-Amoros & Kok 2012 Roze 1996   Micrurus isozonus Venezuelan Coral Snake Avila-Pires 2005 Barrio-Amoros & Calcano 2003 Campbell & Lamar 2004 David, Dobiey & Vogel 2018 Feitosa, Pires, Prudente & Silva 2013 Marca 1997 Mumaw, Gonzalez & Fernandez 2015 Pefaur 1992 Rivas-Fuenmayor, Molina, Ugueto, Barros, Barrio-Amoros & Kok 2012 Rivas-Fuenmayor, Ugueto, Rivero & Miralles 2005 Roze 1996 Ugueto & Rivas-Fuenmayor 2010   * Micrurus meridensis Merida Pygmy Coral Snake Campbell & Lamar 2004 David, Dobiey & Vogel 2018 Marca 1997 Mumaw, Gonzalez & Fernandez 2015 Pefaur 1992 Rivas-Fuenmayor, Molina, Ugueto, Barros, Barrio-Amoros & Kok 2012 Roze 1996   Micrurus mipartitus Red-tailed Coral Snake Barrio-Amoros & Calcano 2003 Campbell & Lamar 2004 David, Dobiey & Vogel 2018 Marca 1997 Mumaw, Gonzalez & Fernandez 2015 Pefaur 1992 Rivas-Fuenmayor, Molina, Ugueto, Barros, Barrio-Amoros & Kok 2012 Roze 1996   Micrurus nattereri Venezuelan Aquatic Coral Snake Avila-Pires 2005 [as M. surinamensis] Campbell & Lamar 2004 David, Dobiey & Vogel 2018 Marca 1997 [as M. surinamensis] Mumaw, Gonzalez & Fernandez 2015 Pefaur 1992 Rivas-Fuenmayor, Molina, Ugueto, Barros, Barrio-Amoros & Kok 2012 Roze 1996   Micrurus obscurus Western Amazonian Coral Snake Avila-Pires 2005 [as M. spixii] Campbell & Lamar 2004 Marca 1997 [as M. spixii] Mumaw, Gonzalez & Fernandez 2015 Pefaur 1992 Rivas-Fuenmayor, Molina, Ugueto, Barros, Barrio-Amoros & Kok 2012 Roze 1996   Micrurus psyches Carib Coral Snake Avila-Pires 2005 Campbell & Lamar 2004 Marca 1997 Mumaw, Gonzalez & Fernandez 2015 Pefaur 1992 Rivas-Fuenmayor, Molina, Ugueto, Barros, Barrio-Amoros & Kok 2012 Roze 1996   Micrurus remotus Neblina Coral Snake Avila-Pires 2005 Campbell & Lamar 2004 Feitosa, Silva, Pires, Zaher & Prudente 2015 Mumaw, Gonzalez & Fernandez 2015 Pefaur 1992 Rivas-Fuenmayor, Molina, Ugueto, Barros, Barrio-Amoros & Kok 2012 Roze 1996  Family Leptotyphlopidae (Thread Snakes) Genus Epictia (Neotropical Thread Snakes)   Epictia goudotii Neotropical Black Thread Snake Hahn 1980 Marca 1997 Martins, Koch, Pinto, Folly, Fouquet & Passos 2019 McCranie & Hedges 2016 McDiarmid, Campbell & Toure 1999 Pefaur 1992 Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 Rivas-Fuenmayor, Molina, Ugueto, Barros, Barrio-Amoros & Kok 2012 Rivas-Fuenmayor, Ugueto, Rivero & Miralles 2005 Ugueto & Rivas-Fuenmayor 2010 Wallach 2016   * Epictia hobartsmithi Guaiquinima Thread Snake Esqueda, Schluter, Machado, Castelain & Mumaw in Mumaw, Gonzalez & Fernandez 2015 Wallach 2016   Epictia signata Northern Amazon Thread Snake Avila-Pires 2005 Francisco, Pinto & Fernandes 2012 Hahn 1980 Marca 1997 McDiarmid, Campbell & Toure 1999 Mumaw, Gonzalez & Fernandez 2015 [as amazonica] Pefaur 1992 Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 [as Leptotyphlops amazonicus] Rivas-Fuenmayor, Molina, Ugueto, Barros, Barrio-Amoros & Kok 2012   Epictia tenella Guyana Thread Snake Avila-Pires 2005 [as albifrons] Marca 1997 [as albifrons] McDiarmid, Campbell & Toure 1999 [as albifrons] Pefaur 1992 Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 Rivas-Fuenmayor, Molina, Ugueto, Barros, Barrio-Amoros & Kok 2012 [as albifrons] Wallach 2016 Genus Siagonodon (Mandible-toothed Thread Snakes)   Siagonodon septemstriatus Eastern Seven-lined Thread Snake Avila-Pires 2005 Hahn 1980 Marca 1997 McDiarmid, Campbell & Toure 1999 Mumaw, Gonzalez & Fernandez 2015 Pefaur 1992 Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 Rivas-Fuenmayor, Molina, Ugueto, Barros, Barrio-Amoros & Kok 2012 Genus Trilepida (Three-scaled Thread Snakes)   * Trilepida affinis Venezuela Thread Snake Hahn 1980 Marca 1997 McDiarmid, Campbell & Toure 1999 Mumaw, Gonzalez & Fernandez 2015 Pefaur 1992 Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 Rivas-Fuenmayor, Molina, Ugueto, Barros, Barrio-Amoros & Kok 2012   Trilepida macrolepis Large-scaled Thread Snake Hahn 1980 Marca 1997 Martins, Koch, Pinto, Folly, Fouquet & Passos 2019 McDiarmid, Campbell & Toure 1999 Mumaw, Gonzalez & Fernandez 2015 Passos, Caramaschi & Pinto 2006 Pefaur 1992 Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 Pinto & Fernandes 2012 Pinto & Fernandes 2017 Rivas-Fuenmayor, Molina, Ugueto, Barros, Barrio-Amoros & Kok 2012  Family Typhlopidae (Typical Blind Snakes) Genus Amerotyphlops (American Blind Snakes)   Amerotyphlops brongersmianus Bahia Blind Snake Avila-Pires 2005 Dixon & Hendricks 1979 Graboski, Arredondo, Grazziotin, Silva, Prudente, Rodrigues, Bonatto & Zaher 2019 Marca 1997 McDiarmid, Campbell & Toure 1999 Mumaw, Gonzalez & Fernandez 2015 Pefaur 1992 Rivas-Fuenmayor, Molina, Ugueto, Barros, Barrio-Amoros & Kok 2012   * Amerotyphlops lehneri Falcon Blind Snake Dixon & Hendricks 1979 Graboski, Arredondo, Grazziotin, Silva, Prudente, Rodrigues, Bonatto & Zaher 2019 Hahn 1980 Marca 1997 McDiarmid, Campbell & Toure 1999 Mumaw, Gonzalez & Fernandez 2015 Pefaur 1992 Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 Rivas-Fuenmayor, Molina, Ugueto, Barros, Barrio-Amoros & Kok 2012   Amerotyphlops minuisquamus Amazon Basin Blind Snake Avila-Pires 2005 Dixon & Hendricks 1979 Graboski, Arredondo, Grazziotin, Silva, Prudente, Rodrigues, Bonatto & Zaher 2019 Marca 1997 McDiarmid, Campbell & Toure 1999 Pefaur 1992 Rivas-Fuenmayor, Molina, Ugueto, Barros, Barrio-Amoros & Kok 2012   Amerotyphlops reticulatus Reticulated Blind Snake Avila-Pires 2005 Dixon & Hendricks 1979 Marca 1997 McDiarmid, Campbell & Toure 1999 Mumaw, Gonzalez & Fernandez 2015 Pefaur 1992 Rivas-Fuenmayor, Molina, Ugueto, Barros, Barrio-Amoros & Kok 2012  Family Viperidae (Vipers) Genus Bothrops (American Lanceheads)   Bothrops asper Central American Lancehead Campbell & Lamar 2004 David, Dobiey & Vogel 2018 Marca 1997 Mumaw, Gonzalez & Fernandez 2015 [as colombiensis] Pefaur 1992 [as colombiensis] Rivas-Fuenmayor, Molina, Ugueto, Barros, Barrio-Amoros & Kok 2012   Bothrops atrox Common Lancehead Avila-Pires 2005 Campbell & Lamar 2004 David, Dobiey & Vogel 2018 Marca 1997 Mumaw, Gonzalez & Fernandez 2015 [as isabelae] Pefaur 1992 Rivas-Fuenmayor, Molina, Ugueto, Barros, Barrio-Amoros & Kok 2012   Bothrops bilineatus Two-striped Forest Pitviper Avila-Pires 2005 Campbell & Lamar 2004 David, Dobiey & Vogel 2018 Marca 1997 Mumaw, Gonzalez & Fernandez 2015 Pefaur 1992 Rivas-Fuenmayor, Molina, Ugueto, Barros, Barrio-Amoros & Kok 2012 Vechio, Prates, Grazziotin, Graboski & Rodrigues 2021   * Bothrops medusa Venezuelan Forest Pitviper Avila-Pires 2005 [as eneydae] Campbell & Lamar 2004 David, Dobiey & Vogel 2018 Marca 1997 Mumaw, Gonzalez & Fernandez 2015 Pefaur 1992 Rivas-Fuenmayor, Molina, Ugueto, Barros, Barrio-Amoros & Kok 2012   Bothrops oligobalius Northern Velvety Lancehead Avila-Pires 2005 [as B. brazili] Campbell & Lamar 2004 [as B. brazili] Marca 1997 [as B. brazili] Mumaw, Gonzalez & Fernandez 2015 [as B. brazili] Pefaur 1992 [as B. brazili] Rivas-Fuenmayor, Molina, Ugueto, Barros, Barrio-Amoros & Kok 2012 [as B. brazili] Vechio, Prates, Grazziotin, Graboski & Rodrigues 2021   Bothrops taeniatus Speckled Forest Pitviper Avila-Pires 2005 Campbell & Lamar 2004 Marca 1997 Mumaw, Gonzalez & Fernandez 2015 Pefaur 1992 Rivas-Fuenmayor, Molina, Ugueto, Barros, Barrio-Amoros & Kok 2012 Souza, Venancio, Freitas, Souza & Verissimo 2013   Bothrops venezuelensis Venezuelan Lancehead Avila-Pires 2005 Campbell & Lamar 2004 Carrasco, Grazziotin, Farfan, Koch, Ochoa, Scrocchi, Leynaud & Chaparro 2019 David, Dobiey & Vogel 2018 Marca 1997 Mumaw, Gonzalez & Fernandez 2015 Pefaur 1992 Rivas-Fuenmayor, Molina, Ugueto, Barros, Barrio-Amoros & Kok 2012 Genus Crotalus (Typical Rattlesnakes)   Crotalus durissus South American Rattlesnake Avila-Pires 2005 Campbell & Lamar 2004 David, Dobiey & Vogel 2018 Hummelinck 1940 Marca 1997 Mumaw, Gonzalez & Fernandez 2015 Pefaur 1992 Rivas-Fuenmayor, Molina, Ugueto, Barros, Barrio-Amoros & Kok 2012 Rivas-Fuenmayor, Ugueto, Rivero & Miralles 2005 Ugueto & Rivas-Fuenmayor 2010   * Crotalus vegrandis Uracoan Rattlesnake Campbell & Lamar 2004 David, Dobiey & Vogel 2018 Marca 1997 Pefaur 1992 Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 Rivas-Fuenmayor, Molina, Ugueto, Barros, Barrio-Amoros & Kok 2012 Genus Lachesis (Bushmasters)   Lachesis muta South American Bushmaster Avila-Pires 2005 Barrio-Amoros, Corrales, Rodriguez, Culebras, Dwyer & Flores 2020 Campbell & Lamar 2004 Marca 1997 Mumaw, Gonzalez & Fernandez 2015 Pefaur 1992 Rivas-Fuenmayor, Molina, Ugueto, Barros, Barrio-Amoros & Kok 2012 Genus Porthidium (Hognosed Pitvipers)   Porthidium lansbergi Colombian Hognosed Pitviper Campbell & Lamar 2004 David, Dobiey & Vogel 2018 Marca 1997 Mumaw, Gonzalez & Fernandez 2015 Pefaur 1992 Rivas-Fuenmayor, Molina, Ugueto, Barros, Barrio-Amoros & Kok 2012 Rivas-Fuenmayor, Ugueto, Rivero & Miralles 2005 Ugueto & Rivas-Fuenmayor 2010