Citation: Midtgaard, Rune. RepFocus - A Survey of the Reptiles of the World. (www.repfocus.dk).
Latest update:
December 15th, 2024.
 
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Genus
Ophiophagus
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King Cobras
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Königskobras
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Kongekobraer, Kæmpebrilleslanger
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1836 |  |
Hamadryas Cantor [not Hamadryas Hübner 1808 (Lepidoptera)] (type species: Hamadryas hannah Cantor 1836; syn. Williams & Wallach 1989) |
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1843 | |
Dendraspis Fitzinger [suppressed] (type species: Naja bungarus Schlegel 1837; syn. Smith & Chiszar 1989) |
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1864 | |
Ophiophagus Günther (type species: Hamadryas elaps Günther 1858; International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature 1964: Opinion 709) |
Contents:
4 species, of which 2 (50.0%) are endemic.
Endemism: 0%  100%
Remarks:
The genus previously contained only a single species (hannah).
Gowri Shankar, Swamy, Williams, Ganesh, Moss, Höglund, Das, Sahoo, Vijayakumar, Shankar, Wüster & Dutta (2021) presented evidence suggesting the presence of four separate species, and
Das, Gowri Shankar, Swamy, Williams, Lalremsanga, Prashanth, Sahoo, Vijayakumar, Höglund, Shanker, Dutta, Ganesh, Wüster (2024) reviewed the taxonomy of the genus, naming the four
species, two of which were new.
Distribution:
Bangladesh,
Bhutan,
Brunei,
Cambodia,
China
(Fujian,
Guangdong,
Guangxi,
Guizhou,
Hainan,
Hong Kong,
Jiangxi,
Sichuan,
Tibet,
Yunnan,
Zhejiang),
India
(Andaman & Nicobar Islands
[Andaman Islands],
Andhra Pradesh,
Arunachal Pradesh,
Assam,
Bihar,
Chhattisgarh,
Goa,
Karnataka,
Kerala,
Madhya Pradesh,
Maharashtra,
Meghalaya,
Mizoram,
Nagaland,
Odisha,
Sikkim,
Tamil Nadu,
Tripura,
Uttar Pradesh,
Uttarakhand,
West Bengal),
Indonesia
(Anambas Islands,
Bali,
Banggai Islands,
Bangka,
Belitung,
Buton,
Java,
Kalimantan,
Nias,
Riau Islands,
Simeulue,
Sulawesi,
Sumatra,
Weh),
Laos,
Malaysia,
(Sabah,
Sarawak,
West Malaysia
[incl.
Langkawi Archipelago,
Seribuat Archipelago
(incl.
Tioman)]),
Myanmar,
Nepal,
Pakistan,
Philippines
(Balabac,
Bohol,
Calamian Islands
[Busuanga],
Cebu,
Dinagat,
Leyte,
Luzon,
Mindanao,
Mindoro,
Negros,
Palawan,
Panay,
Polillo,
Romblon,
Samar,
Sulu Islands
[Jolo]),
Singapore,
Thailand,
Vietnam.
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Ophiophagus bungarus
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Sunda King Cobra
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Sunda-Königskobra
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Sunda-kongekobra
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1837 | |
Naja bungarus Schlegel |
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Dendraspis bungarus Fitzinger 1843 |
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Trimeresurus bungarus Jan 1859 |
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Dendraspis hannah bungarus Deraniyagala 1960 |
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Ophiophagus bungarus Das, Gowri Shankar, Swamy, Williams, Lalremsanga, Prashanth, Sahoo, Vijayakumar, Höglund, Shanker, Dutta, Ganesh, Wüster 2024 |
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1882 | |
Naja ingens Van Hasselt (Das & al. 2024) |
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1960 | |
Dendraspis hannah borneensis Deraniyagala (Das & al. 2024) |
Remarks:
Previously regarded as a synonym of hannah (e.g., Golay & al. 1993).
Revalidated by Das, Gowri Shankar, Swamy, Williams, Lalremsanga, Prashanth, Sahoo, Vijayakumar, Höglund, Shanker, Dutta, Ganesh & Wüster (2024).
In the Philippines, known with certainty only from the southern islands.
Taxonomic status of the populations in many islands is unresolved and needs further studies.
All Philippine populations, apart from Luzon, are provisionally assigned herein to bungarus.
Leviton, Siler, Weinell & Brown (2018, as hannah) did not include Busuanga (Calamian Islands) in the distribution of the species.
Distribution:
Brunei,
Indonesia
(Anambas Islands,
Bali,
Banggai Islands,
Bangka,
Belitung,
Buton,
Java,
Kalimantan,
Nias,
Riau Islands,
Simeulue,
Sulawesi,
Sumatra,
Weh),
Malaysia,
(Sabah,
Sarawak,
West Malaysia
[incl.
Langkawi Archipelago,
Penang Island,
Seribuat Archipelago
(incl.
Tioman)]),
Philippines
(Balabac,
Bohol,
Calamian Islands
[Busuanga],
Cebu,
Dinagat,
Leyte,
Mindanao,
Mindoro,
Negros,
Palawan,
Panay,
Polillo,
Romblon,
Samar,
Sulu Islands
[Jolo]),
Singapore,
Thailand.
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Ophiophagus bungarus
© Henrik Bringsøe
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Ophiophagus hannah
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Northern King Cobra, Hamadryad
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Nördliche Königskobra
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Nordlig Kongekobra
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1836 | |
Hamadryas Hannah Cantor |
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Naja hannah Taylor 1922 |
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Ophiophagus hannah Bogert 1945 |
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Dendraspis hannah Deraniyagala 1955 |
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1838 | |
Hamadryas ophiophagus Cantor (Das & al. 2024) |
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Trimeresurus ophiophagus Duméril, Bibron & Duméril 1854 |
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1858 | |
Hamadryas elaps Günther (Das & al. 2024) |
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Ophiophagus elaps Günther 1864 |
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Naja elaps Theobald 1876 |
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Dendraspis hannah elaps Deraniyagala 1960 |
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1861 | |
Naja fasciata Peters [not Naja fasciata Laurenti 1768] (Golay & al. 1993) |
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Ophiophagus fasciatus Boettger 1886 |
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1956 | |
Naja hamadryad Purarananda (Golay & al. 1993) |
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1960 | |
Dendraspis hannah sinensis Deraniyagala (Das & al. 2024) |
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1961 | |
Dendraspis hannah brunnea Deraniyagala (Das & al. 2024) |
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1961 | |
Dendraspis hannah nordicus Deraniyagala (Das & al. 2024) |
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1840 | |
Naia Vittata Elliot (Das & al. 2024) |
Remarks:
Previously included bungarus and the populations now assigned to kaalinga and salvatana.
Distribution:
Bangladesh,
Bhutan,
Cambodia,
China
(Fujian,
Guangdong,
Guangxi,
Guizhou,
Hainan,
Hong Kong,
Jiangxi,
Sichuan,
Tibet,
Yunnan,
Zhejiang),
India
(Andaman & Nicobar Islands
[Andaman Islands],
Andhra Pradesh,
Arunachal Pradesh,
Assam,
Bihar,
Chhattisgarh,
Jammu & Kashmir,
Madhya Pradesh,
Maharashtra,
Meghalaya,
Mizoram,
Nagaland,
Odisha,
Sikkim,
Tripura,
Uttar Pradesh,
Uttarakhand,
West Bengal
[incl.
Darjeeling]),
Laos,
Myanmar,
Nepal,
Pakistan,
Thailand,
Vietnam.
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Ophiophagus hannah
© Rune Midtgaard
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Ophiophagus kaalinga
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Western Ghats King Cobra
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Südwestindische Königskobra
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Sydvestindisk Kongekobra
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2024 | |
Ophiophagus kaalinga Gowri, Shankar, Das & Ganesh in Das, Gowri Shankar, Swamy, Williams, Lalremsanga, Prashanth, Sahoo, Vijayakumar, Höglund, Shanker, Dutta, Ganesh, Wüster |
Remarks:
Previously regarded as a population of hannah (e.g., Golay & al. 1993).
Distribution:
India
(Goa,
Karnataka,
Kerala,
Maharashtra,
Tamil Nadu).
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Ophiophagus salvatana
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Luzon King Cobra
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Luzon-Königskobra
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Luzon-kongekobra
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2024 | |
Ophiophagus salvatana Gowri, Shankar, Das & Wüster in Das, Gowri Shankar, Swamy, Williams, Lalremsanga, Prashanth, Sahoo, Vijayakumar, Höglund, Shanker, Dutta, Ganesh, Wüster |
Remarks:
Previously regarded as a population of hannah (e.g., Golay & al. 1993).
Distribution:
Philippines
(Luzon).
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