Reptiles of Eastern Cape [South Africa] Related checklists:  South Africa Bibliography of the reptiles of Eastern Cape Taxonomic history of the reptiles of Eastern Cape Introduced species

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Citation: Midtgaard, Rune. RepFocus - A Survey of the Reptiles of the World. www.repfocus.dk (Compilation date: 14th April, 2023).

Checklist General remarks: The list includes only formally described species. Newly discovered, but still unnamed species are excluded. However, unnamed species or species unassigned to species level are included, if they are the only representatives of their genus in the region. Species counts exclude extinct and introduced species. Doubtful records, typically older voucher specimens of uncertain origin, have been excluded if considered questionable, as are records based on sources considered unreliable or controversial. Note: Your comments to the checklist (omissions, errors, etc.) are welcomed, preferably if they are provided with reliable references. If possible, please attach a pdf file of the relevant reference to an email addressed to:

	Worm Lizards (Amphisbaenia)
	= endemicEX = extinct or assumed extinct Species References  Family Amphisbaenidae (Typical Worm Lizards) Genus Monopeltis (Spade-snouted Worm Lizards)   Monopeltis capensis Cape Spade-snouted Worm Lizard Bates, Branch, Bauer, Burger, Marais, Alexander & Villiers [eds.] 2014

	Crocodilians (Crocodylia)
	= endemicEX = extinct or assumed extinct Species References  Family Agamidae (Agamas and Dragons) Genus Agama (Typical Agamas)   Agama aculeata Kalahari Spiny Agama Bates & Douglas 1992 Bates, Branch, Bauer, Burger, Marais, Alexander & Villiers [eds.] 2014 Conradie, Reeves, Brown & Venter 2016   Agama atra Southern Rock Agama Bates 1991 Bates, Branch, Bauer, Burger, Marais, Alexander & Villiers [eds.] 2014 Branch 1981 Branch 1998 Conradie, Reeves, Brown & Venter 2016 Conradie, Reeves, Mdoko, Pamla & Gxabhu 2020 Cunningham, Henderson & Tolley 2003 Jacobsen & Randall 2013  Family Chamaeleonidae (Chameleons) Genus Bradypodion (Southern African Dwarf Chameleons)   * Bradypodion barbatulum Beardless Dwarf Chameleon Tolley, Tilbury & Burger 2022   * Bradypodion baviaanense Baviaanskloof Mountains Dwarf Chameleon Tolley, Tilbury & Burger 2022   * Bradypodion caffrum Transkei Dwarf Chameleon Bates, Branch, Bauer, Burger, Marais, Alexander & Villiers [eds.] 2014 Branch 1998 Glaw 2015 Klaver & Boehme 1997 Tilbury 2010   Bradypodion damaranum Knysna Dwarf Chameleon Bates, Branch, Bauer, Burger, Marais, Alexander & Villiers [eds.] 2014 Branch 1981 Branch, Tolley & Tilbury 2006 Jacobsen & Randall 2013   * Bradypodion kentanicum Kentani Dwarf Chameleon Bates, Branch, Bauer, Burger, Marais, Alexander & Villiers [eds.] 2014 Branch 1998 Burger 1997 Glaw 2015 Tilbury 2010   Bradypodion melanocephalum Black-headed Dwarf Chameleon Bates, Branch, Bauer, Burger, Marais, Alexander & Villiers [eds.] 2014   * Bradypodion taeniabronchum Elandsberg Dwarf Chameleon Bates, Branch, Bauer, Burger, Marais, Alexander & Villiers [eds.] 2014 Branch 1981 Branch 1998 Burger 1997 Cunningham, Henderson & Tolley 2003 Glaw 2015 Tilbury 2010   Bradypodion ventrale Eastern Cape Dwarf Chameleon Bates, Branch, Bauer, Burger, Marais, Alexander & Villiers [eds.] 2014 Branch 1981 Branch, Tolley & Tilbury 2006 Glaw 2015 Reeves, Mdoko, Rebelo & Conradie 2021 Tilbury 2010 Visser 1979  Family Cordylidae (Girdled Lizards) Genus Chamaesaura (African Grass Lizards)   Chamaesaura aenea Coppery Grass Lizard Bates 1991 Bates, Branch, Bauer, Burger, Marais, Alexander & Villiers [eds.] 2014 Branch 1981 Branch 1998   Chamaesaura anguina Southern Highland Grass Lizard Bates, Branch, Bauer, Burger, Marais, Alexander & Villiers [eds.] 2014 Branch 1989 Branch 1998 Jacobsen & Randall 2013 Reeves, Mdoko, Rebelo & Conradie 2021 Genus Cordylus (Girdled Lizards)   Cordylus cordylus Cape Girdled Lizard Bates, Branch, Bauer, Burger, Marais, Alexander & Villiers [eds.] 2014 Branch 1981 [as tasmani] Branch 1989 Branch 1998 [as tasmani] Burger 1997 [as tasmani] Conradie, Reeves, Brown & Venter 2016 Conradie, Reeves, Mdoko, Pamla & Gxabhu 2020 Diedericks & Daniels 2014 Jacobsen & Randall 2013 Genus Hemicordylus (Western Crag Lizards)   Hemicordylus capensis Graceful Crag Lizard Bates, Branch, Bauer, Burger, Marais, Alexander & Villiers [eds.] 2014 Genus Karusasaurus (Karoo Girdled Lizards)   Karusasaurus polyzonus Southern Karoo Girdled Lizard Bates 1991 Bates, Branch, Bauer, Burger, Marais, Alexander & Villiers [eds.] 2014 Branch 1981 Conradie, Reeves, Brown & Venter 2016 Genus Ninurta (Blue-spotted Girdled Lizard)   Ninurta coeruleopunctatus Blue-spotted Girdled Lizard Bates, Branch, Bauer, Burger, Marais, Alexander & Villiers [eds.] 2014 Branch 1981 Branch 1989 Jacobsen & Randall 2013 Genus Pseudocordylus (Eastern Crag Lizards)   Pseudocordylus microlepidotus Cape Crag Lizard Bates, Branch, Bauer, Burger, Marais, Alexander & Villiers [eds.] 2014 Branch 1981 Branch 1998 Conradie, Reeves, Brown & Venter 2016 Cunningham, Henderson & Tolley 2003   Pseudocordylus subviridis Drakensberg Crag Lizard Bates, Branch, Bauer, Burger, Marais, Alexander & Villiers [eds.] 2014 Branch 1981 Branch 1998 Conradie, Reeves, Mdoko, Pamla & Gxabhu 2020  Family Gekkonidae (Typical Geckos) Genus Afroedura (Flat Geckos)   * Afroedura amatolica Amatola Flat Gecko Bates, Branch, Bauer, Burger, Marais, Alexander & Villiers [eds.] 2014 Branch 1998 Jacobsen, Kuhn, Jackman & Bauer 2014   Afroedura halli Eastern Cape Flat Gecko Bates, Branch, Bauer, Burger, Marais, Alexander & Villiers [eds.] 2014 Branch 1981 Branch 1998 Jacobsen, Kuhn, Jackman & Bauer 2014   Afroedura karroica Karoo Flat Gecko Bates, Branch, Bauer, Burger, Marais, Alexander & Villiers [eds.] 2014 Branch 1981 Branch 1998 Jacobsen, Kuhn, Jackman & Bauer 2014   Afroedura pondolia Pondo Flat Gecko Bates, Branch, Bauer, Burger, Marais, Alexander & Villiers [eds.] 2014 Branch 1998 Jacobsen, Kuhn, Jackman & Bauer 2014   * Afroedura tembulica Tembu Flat Gecko Bates, Branch, Bauer, Burger, Marais, Alexander & Villiers [eds.] 2014 Branch 1981 Branch 1998 Burger 1997 Jacobsen, Kuhn, Jackman & Bauer 2014 Genus Afrogecko (Marbled Leaf-toed Gecko)   Afrogecko porphyreus Marbled Leaf-toed Gecko Bates, Branch, Bauer, Burger, Marais, Alexander & Villiers [eds.] 2014 Bauer, Good & Branch 1997 Branch 1981 Branch 1998 Heinicke, Daza, Greenbaum, Jackman & Bauer 2014 Jacobsen & Randall 2013 Nicolau & Jackson 2021 Genus Chondrodactylus (Giant Ground Gecko and Thick-toed Geckos)   Chondrodactylus angulifer Giant Ground Gecko Heinz, Brennan, Jackman & Bauer 2021   Chondrodactylus bibronii Tubercled Thick-toed Gecko Bates, Branch, Bauer, Burger, Marais, Alexander & Villiers [eds.] 2014 Bauer & Lamb 2005 Branch 1998 Conradie, Reeves, Brown & Venter 2016 Heinz, Brennan, Jackman & Bauer 2021 Genus Cryptactites (Coastal Leaf-toed Gecko)   * Cryptactites peringueyi Coastal Leaf-toed Gecko Bates, Branch, Bauer, Burger, Marais, Alexander & Villiers [eds.] 2014 Bauer, Good & Branch 1997 Branch 1998 Branch, Bauer & Good 1995 Burger 1997 Heinicke, Daza, Greenbaum, Jackman & Bauer 2014 Nicolau, Petford, Edwards, Busschau, Lynch, Kemp, Balmer, Keates, Hundermark, Weeber & Conradie 2021 Genus Goggia (South African Dwarf Leaf-toed Geckos)   * Goggia essexi Eastern Cape Dwarf Leaf-toed Gecko Bates, Branch, Bauer, Burger, Marais, Alexander & Villiers [eds.] 2014 Bauer, Good & Branch 1997 Branch 1981 Branch 1998 Branch, Bauer & Good 1995 Burger 1997 Good, Bauer & Branch 1996 Heinicke, Turk & Bauer 2017   Goggia hewitti Swartberg Dwarf Leaf-toed Gecko Bates, Branch, Bauer, Burger, Marais, Alexander & Villiers [eds.] 2014 Bauer, Good & Branch 1997 Branch, Bauer & Good 1995 Genus Pachydactylus (Typical Thick-toed Geckos)   Pachydactylus capensis Common Cape Thick-toed Gecko Bates 1991 Bates, Branch, Bauer, Burger, Marais, Alexander & Villiers [eds.] 2014 Bauer & Lamb 2002 Bauer & Lamb 2005 Branch 1981 [as mentalis] Branch 1989 Branch 1998 Conradie, Reeves, Brown & Venter 2016   Pachydactylus geitje Ocellated Thick-toed Gecko Bates, Branch, Bauer, Burger, Marais, Alexander & Villiers [eds.] 2014 Branch 1981 [as monticolus] Branch 1989 Branch 1998 Jacobsen & Randall 2013   Pachydactylus maculatus Spotted Thick-toed Gecko Bates, Branch, Bauer, Burger, Marais, Alexander & Villiers [eds.] 2014 Bauer & Lamb 2005 Branch 1981 Branch 1998 Conradie, Reeves, Mdoko, Pamla & Gxabhu 2020 Reeves, Mdoko, Rebelo & Conradie 2021   Pachydactylus mariquensis Marico Thick-toed Gecko Bates & Douglas 1992 Bates, Branch, Bauer, Burger, Marais, Alexander & Villiers [eds.] 2014 Bauer, Heinicke, Jackman & Branch 2011 Branch 1981 Branch 1998 Conradie, Reeves, Brown & Venter 2016 Mouton & Mostert 1984   Pachydactylus oculatus Golden Spotted Thick-toed Gecko Bates, Branch, Bauer, Burger, Marais, Alexander & Villiers [eds.] 2014 Branch 1981 Conradie, Reeves, Brown & Venter 2016   Pachydactylus purcelli Karoo Spotted Thick-toed Gecko Bates, Branch, Bauer, Burger, Marais, Alexander & Villiers [eds.] 2014 Bauer, Lamb & Branch 2006 Branch 1989 Branch 1998 Genus Ptenopus (African Barking Geckos)   Ptenopus garrulus Common Barking Gecko Bates, Branch, Bauer, Burger, Marais, Alexander & Villiers [eds.] 2014  Family Gerrhosauridae (Plated Lizards) Genus Gerrhosaurus (Typical Plated Lizards)   Gerrhosaurus flavigularis Yellow-throated Plated Lizard Bates, Branch, Bauer, Burger, Marais, Alexander & Villiers [eds.] 2014 Bates, Tolley, Edwards, Davids, Silva & Branch 2013 Bauer 2000 Conradie, Reeves, Mdoko, Pamla & Gxabhu 2020 Jacobsen & Randall 2013 Reeves, Mdoko, Rebelo & Conradie 2021   Gerrhosaurus typicus Namaqua Plated Lizard Bates, Branch, Bauer, Burger, Marais, Alexander & Villiers [eds.] 2014 Burger 1997 Genus Tetradactylus (Plated Snake Lizards)   Tetradactylus africanus African Plated Snake Lizard Bates 2014   * Tetradactylus fitzsimonsi Cape Plated Snake Lizard Bates, Branch, Bauer, Burger, Marais, Alexander & Villiers [eds.] 2014 Bates, Tolley, Edwards, Davids, Silva & Branch 2013 Branch 1981 Branch 1998 Burger 1997   Tetradactylus seps Short-legged Plated Snake Lizard Bates, Branch, Bauer, Burger, Marais, Alexander & Villiers [eds.] 2014 Bates, Tolley, Edwards, Davids, Silva & Branch 2013 Branch 1981 Branch 1989 Branch 1998   Tetradactylus tetradactylus Four-toed Plated Snake Lizard Bates, Branch, Bauer, Burger, Marais, Alexander & Villiers [eds.] 2014 Branch 1981 Branch 1989 Branch 1998 Conradie, Reeves, Brown & Venter 2016  Family Lacertidae (Typical Lizards) Genus Nucras (Sandveld Lizards)   Nucras holubi Southern Sandveld Lizard Bates, Branch, Bauer, Burger, Marais, Alexander & Villiers [eds.] 2014 Conradie, Reeves, Brown & Venter 2016   Nucras lalandii Southeastern Sandveld Lizard Bates, Branch, Bauer, Burger, Marais, Alexander & Villiers [eds.] 2014 Branch 1981 Branch 1989 Branch 1998 Conradie, Reeves, Brown & Venter 2016 Conradie, Reeves, Mdoko, Pamla & Gxabhu 2020   Nucras livida Karoo Sandveld Lizard Bates, Branch, Bauer, Burger, Marais, Alexander & Villiers [eds.] 2014 Branch 1981 Branch 1998 Broadley 1972 Conradie, Busschau & Jordaan 2020 Conradie, Reeves, Brown & Venter 2016   * Nucras taeniolata Striped Sandveld Lizard Bates, Branch, Bauer, Burger, Marais, Alexander & Villiers [eds.] 2014 Branch 1981 Branch 1989 Branch 1998 Broadley 1972 Burger 1997 Conradie 2012 Genus Pedioplanis (African Sand Lizards)   Pedioplanis burchelli Southern Sand Lizard Bates, Branch, Bauer, Burger, Marais, Alexander & Villiers [eds.] 2014 Branch 1981 Branch 1989 Branch 1998 Conradie, Reeves, Brown & Venter 2016 Conradie, Reeves, Mdoko, Pamla & Gxabhu 2020 Cunningham, Henderson & Tolley 2003   Pedioplanis laticeps Cape Sand Lizard Bates, Branch, Bauer, Burger, Marais, Alexander & Villiers [eds.] 2014 Branch 1981 Kirchhof, Penner, Roedel & Muller 2017   Pedioplanis lineoocellata Spotted Sand Lizard Bates 1991 Bates, Branch, Bauer, Burger, Marais, Alexander & Villiers [eds.] 2014   Pedioplanis namaquensis Namaqua Sand Lizard Bates 1991 Bates, Branch, Bauer, Burger, Marais, Alexander & Villiers [eds.] 2014 Branch 1981 Branch 1989 Branch 1998 Conradie, Reeves, Brown & Venter 2016   Pedioplanis pulchella Venus Sand Lizard Bates 1996 Bates, Branch, Bauer, Burger, Marais, Alexander & Villiers [eds.] 2014 Branch 1981 Branch 1998 Conradie, Reeves, Brown & Venter 2016 Genus Tropidosaura (South African Mountain Lizards)   Tropidosaura cottrelli Drakensberg Mountain Lizard Bates, Branch, Bauer, Burger, Marais, Alexander & Villiers [eds.] 2014 Branch 1985 Branch 1998   Tropidosaura essexi Lesotho Mountain Lizard Bates, Branch, Bauer, Burger, Marais, Alexander & Villiers [eds.] 2014 Branch 1998   Tropidosaura gularis Cape Mountain Lizard Bates, Branch, Bauer, Burger, Marais, Alexander & Villiers [eds.] 2014 Bischoff 1992 Branch 1981 Branch 1998 Cunningham, Henderson & Tolley 2003   Tropidosaura montana Common South African Mountain Lizard Bates, Branch, Bauer, Burger, Marais, Alexander & Villiers [eds.] 2014 Bischoff 1992 Branch 1981 Branch 1998  Family Scincidae (Skinks) Genus Acontias (Greater Legless Skinks)   * Acontias breviceps Short-headed Legless Skink Bates, Branch, Bauer, Burger, Marais, Alexander & Villiers [eds.] 2014 Branch 1981 Branch 1998 Broadley & Greer 1969 Conradie, Busschau & Edwards 2018   Acontias gracilicauda Thin-tailed Legless Skink Bates, Branch, Bauer, Burger, Marais, Alexander & Villiers [eds.] 2014 Branch 1981 Branch 1998 Broadley & Greer 1969 Conradie, Busschau & Edwards 2018 Conradie, Reeves, Brown & Venter 2016   * Acontias lineicauda Algoa Legless Skink Bates, Branch, Bauer, Burger, Marais, Alexander & Villiers [eds.] 2014 Lamb, Biswas & Bauer 2010 Reeves, Mdoko, Rebelo & Conradie 2021   Acontias meleagris Cape Legless Skink Bates, Branch, Bauer, Burger, Marais, Alexander & Villiers [eds.] 2014 Branch 1998 Broadley & Greer 1969 Jacobsen & Randall 2013   * Acontias orientalis Eastern Cape Legless Skink Bates, Branch, Bauer, Burger, Marais, Alexander & Villiers [eds.] 2014 Branch 1981 Branch 1998 Broadley & Greer 1969 Cunningham, Henderson & Tolley 2003 Lamb, Biswas & Bauer 2010   Acontias plumbeus Giant Legless Skink Bates, Branch, Bauer, Burger, Marais, Alexander & Villiers [eds.] 2014 [as A. poecilus] Branch 1981 Branch 1998 [as A. poecilus] Broadley & Greer 1969 Zhao, Verdu-Ricoy, Mohlakoana, Jordaan, Conradie & Heideman 2019 Genus Panaspis (African Snake-eyed Skinks)   Panaspis wahlbergii Savanna Snake-eyed Skink Nicolau, Kemp & Conradie 2019 Genus Scelotes (Dwarf Burrowing Skinks)   * Scelotes anguinus Algoa Dwarf Burrowing Skink Bates, Branch, Bauer, Burger, Marais, Alexander & Villiers [eds.] 2014 Branch 1981 Branch 1998 Burger 1997 Reeves, Mdoko, Rebelo & Conradie 2021   Scelotes caffer Cape Three-toed Dwarf Burrowing Skink Bates, Branch, Bauer, Burger, Marais, Alexander & Villiers [eds.] 2014 Branch 1981 Branch 1989 Branch 1998 Genus Trachylepis (African-American Grass and Forest Skinks)   Trachylepis capensis Cape Skink Bates & Douglas 1992 Bates 1991 Branch 1981 Broadley 2000 Conradie, Reeves, Brown & Venter 2016 Conradie, Reeves, Mdoko, Pamla & Gxabhu 2020 Jacobsen & Randall 2013   Trachylepis homalocephala Red-sided Skink Bates, Branch, Bauer, Burger, Marais, Alexander & Villiers [eds.] 2014 Branch 1981 Branch 1989 Branch 1998 Broadley 2000 Conradie, Reeves, Brown & Venter 2016 Jacobsen & Randall 2013 Reeves, Mdoko, Rebelo & Conradie 2021   Trachylepis occidentalis Western Three-striped Skink Bates, Branch, Bauer, Burger, Marais, Alexander & Villiers [eds.] 2014 Branch 1981   Trachylepis punctatissima Montane Speckled Skink Bates & Douglas 1992 Bates, Branch, Bauer, Burger, Marais, Alexander & Villiers [eds.] 2014 Branch 1981 Branch 1989 Branch 1998 Conradie, Reeves, Brown & Venter 2016 Conradie, Reeves, Mdoko, Pamla & Gxabhu 2020   Trachylepis sulcata Koppie Skink Bates, Branch, Bauer, Burger, Marais, Alexander & Villiers [eds.] 2014 Branch 1989 Broadley 2000 Conradie, Reeves, Brown & Venter 2016 Portik, Bauer & Jackman 2010 Portik, Bauer & Jackman 2011   Trachylepis varia Savanna Variable Skink Bates & Douglas 1992 Bates, Branch, Bauer, Burger, Marais, Alexander & Villiers [eds.] 2014 Branch 1981 Branch 1998 Broadley 2000 Conradie, Reeves, Brown & Venter 2016 Conradie, Reeves, Mdoko, Pamla & Gxabhu 2020 Weinell & Bauer 2018   Trachylepis variegata Western Variegated Skink Bates, Branch, Bauer, Burger, Marais, Alexander & Villiers [eds.] 2014 Branch 1981 Branch 1998 Broadley 1975 Broadley 2000 Conradie, Reeves, Brown & Venter 2016  Family Varanidae (Monitor Lizards) Genus Varanus (Monitor Lizards)   Varanus albigularis White-throated Monitor Bates, Branch, Bauer, Burger, Marais, Alexander & Villiers [eds.] 2014 Branch 1989 Conradie 2012 Conradie, Reeves, Brown & Venter 2016 Riley & Branch 1999   Varanus niloticus Nile Monitor Bates, Branch, Bauer, Burger, Marais, Alexander & Villiers [eds.] 2014 Branch 1981 Branch 1998 Conradie, Reeves, Brown & Venter 2016

	Snakes (Serpentes)
	= endemicEX = extinct or assumed extinct Species References  Family Colubridae (Typical Snakes or Colubrids) Genus Crotaphopeltis (Herald Snakes)   Crotaphopeltis hotamboeia Common Herald Snake Bates, Branch, Bauer, Burger, Marais, Alexander & Villiers [eds.] 2014 Broadley 1983 Conradie, Reeves, Brown & Venter 2016 Conradie, Reeves, Mdoko, Pamla & Gxabhu 2020 Genus Dasypeltis (African Egg Eaters)   Dasypeltis inornata Southern Brown Egg Eater Bates, Branch, Bauer, Burger, Marais, Alexander & Villiers [eds.] 2014 Branch 1998 Broadley 1983   Dasypeltis scabra Common African Egg Eater Bates, Branch, Bauer, Burger, Marais, Alexander & Villiers [eds.] 2014 Broadley 1983 Conradie, Reeves, Brown & Venter 2016 Conradie, Reeves, Mdoko, Pamla & Gxabhu 2020 Jacobsen & Randall 2013 Genus Dispholidus (Boomslangs)   Dispholidus typus Cape Boomslang Bates, Branch, Bauer, Burger, Marais, Alexander & Villiers [eds.] 2014 Branch 1998 Broadley 1983 Jacobsen & Randall 2013 Reeves, Mdoko, Rebelo & Conradie 2021 Genus Philothamnus (African Green Snakes)   Philothamnus hoplogaster Southeastern Green Snake Bates, Branch, Bauer, Burger, Marais, Alexander & Villiers [eds.] 2014 Branch 1998 Broadley 1983 Jacobsen & Randall 2013 Loveridge 1957 Reeves, Mdoko, Rebelo & Conradie 2021   Philothamnus occidentalis Western Natal Green Snake Bates, Branch, Bauer, Burger, Marais, Alexander & Villiers [eds.] 2014 Branch 1998 Broadley 1983 Jacobsen & Randall 2013 Reeves, Mdoko, Rebelo & Conradie 2021   Philothamnus semivariegatus Variegated Bush Snake Bates, Branch, Bauer, Burger, Marais, Alexander & Villiers [eds.] 2014 Branch 1989 Branch 1998 Broadley 1983 Genus Thelotornis (African Vine Snakes)   Thelotornis capensis Southern Vine Snake Bates, Branch, Bauer, Burger, Marais, Alexander & Villiers [eds.] 2014  Family Elapidae [part 1: terrestrial species] (Cobras, Mambas, etc.) Genus Aspidelaps (Shield-nosed Cobras)   Aspidelaps lubricus African Coral Snake Bates 1991 Bates, Branch, Bauer, Burger, Marais, Alexander & Villiers [eds.] 2014 Branch 1989 Branch 1998 Broadley 1983 Conradie, Reeves, Brown & Venter 2016 Wallach, Williams & Boundy 2014 Genus Dendroaspis (Mambas)   Dendroaspis angusticeps Southern Green Mamba Bates, Branch, Bauer, Burger, Marais, Alexander & Villiers [eds.] 2014   Dendroaspis polylepis Black Mamba Bates, Branch, Bauer, Burger, Marais, Alexander & Villiers [eds.] 2014 Branch 1998 Broadley 1983 Genus Hemachatus (Ring-necked Spitting Cobra)   Hemachatus haemachates Ring-necked Spitting Cobra Bates, Branch, Bauer, Burger, Marais, Alexander & Villiers [eds.] 2014 Branch 1998 Broadley 1983 Conradie, Reeves, Mdoko, Pamla & Gxabhu 2020 Genus Naja (Typical Cobras)   Naja nivea Yellow Cobra Bates, Branch, Bauer, Burger, Marais, Alexander & Villiers [eds.] 2014 Branch 1998 Broadley & Wuster 2004 Broadley 1983 Conradie, Reeves, Brown & Venter 2016 Cunningham, Henderson & Tolley 2003 Jacobsen & Randall 2013  Family Elapidae [part 2: marine species] (Sea Snakes) Genus Hydrophis (Typical Sea Snakes)   Hydrophis platurus Yellow-bellied Sea Snake Bates, Branch, Bauer, Burger, Marais, Alexander & Villiers [eds.] 2014 Branch 1998 Broadley 1983 Jacobsen & Randall 2013  Family Lamprophiidae (House Snakes, etc.) Genus Alopecion (Spotted House Snake)   Alopecion guttatum Spotted House Snake Bates, Branch, Bauer, Burger, Marais, Alexander & Villiers [eds.] 2014 Broadley 1983 Conradie, Reeves, Brown & Venter 2016 Visser 1979 Genus Amblyodipsas (Purple-glossed Snakes and Quill-snouted Snakes)   Amblyodipsas concolor Natal Purple-glossed Snake Bates, Branch, Bauer, Burger, Marais, Alexander & Villiers [eds.] 2014 Genus Amplorhinus (Many-spotted Snake)   Amplorhinus multimaculatus Many-spotted Snake Bates, Branch, Bauer, Burger, Marais, Alexander & Villiers [eds.] 2014 Branch 1989 Broadley 1983 Wallach, Williams & Boundy 2014 Genus Aparallactus (African Centipede Eaters)   Aparallactus capensis Cape Centipede Eater Bates 1991 Bates, Branch, Bauer, Burger, Marais, Alexander & Villiers [eds.] 2014 Branch 1989 Branch 1998 Broadley 1983 Conradie, Reeves, Brown & Venter 2016 Loveridge 1957 Wallach, Williams & Boundy 2014 Genus Atractaspis (Stiletto Snakes)   Atractaspis bibronii Southern Stiletto Snake Wallach, Williams & Boundy 2014 Genus Boaedon (Afro-Arabian House Snakes)   Boaedon capensis Brown House Snake Bates, Branch, Bauer, Burger, Marais, Alexander & Villiers [eds.] 2014 Broadley 1983 [as fuliginosus] Conradie, Reeves, Brown & Venter 2016 Genus Duberria (African Slug Eaters)   Duberria lutrix Common Slug Eater Bates, Branch, Bauer, Burger, Marais, Alexander & Villiers [eds.] 2014 Branch 1998 Broadley 1983 Conradie, Reeves, Brown & Venter 2016 Jacobsen & Randall 2013 Reeves, Mdoko, Rebelo & Conradie 2021 Genus Homoroselaps (African Harlequin Snakes)   Homoroselaps lacteus Spotted Harlequin Snake Bates, Branch, Bauer, Burger, Marais, Alexander & Villiers [eds.] 2014 Branch 1989 Broadley 1983 Conradie, Reeves, Mdoko, Pamla & Gxabhu 2020 Dobiey & Vogel 2007 Jacobsen & Randall 2013 Reeves, Mdoko, Rebelo & Conradie 2021 Genus Lamprophis (SubSaharan House Snakes)   Lamprophis aurora Aurora House Snake Bates, Branch, Bauer, Burger, Marais, Alexander & Villiers [eds.] 2014 Branch 1998 Broadley 1983   Lamprophis fiskii Cape House Snake Bates, Branch, Bauer, Burger, Marais, Alexander & Villiers [eds.] 2014   Lamprophis fuscus Yellow-bellied House Snake Bates, Branch, Bauer, Burger, Marais, Alexander & Villiers [eds.] 2014 Branch 1989 Broadley 1983 Genus Lycodonomorphus (Southern African Water Snakes)   Lycodonomorphus inornatus Olive-brown House Snake Bates, Branch, Bauer, Burger, Marais, Alexander & Villiers [eds.] 2014 Branch 1998 Broadley 1983 Jacobsen & Randall 2013 Reeves, Mdoko, Rebelo & Conradie 2021   Lycodonomorphus laevissimus Dusky-bellied Water Snake Bates, Branch, Bauer, Burger, Marais, Alexander & Villiers [eds.] 2014 Branch 1998 Broadley 1983 Haagner & Branch 1994   Lycodonomorphus rufulus Common Brown Water Snake Bates, Branch, Bauer, Burger, Marais, Alexander & Villiers [eds.] 2014 Branch 1989 Broadley 1983 Conradie, Reeves, Brown & Venter 2016 Conradie, Reeves, Mdoko, Pamla & Gxabhu 2020 Jacobsen & Randall 2013 Reeves, Mdoko, Rebelo & Conradie 2021 Genus Lycophidion (African Wolf Snakes)   Lycophidion capense Cape Wolf Snake Bates, Branch, Bauer, Burger, Marais, Alexander & Villiers [eds.] 2014 Branch 1976 Branch 1989 Broadley 1983 Broadley 1996 Laurent 1968 Genus Macrelaps (Natal Black Snake)   Macrelaps microlepidotus Natal Black Snake Bates, Branch, Bauer, Burger, Marais, Alexander & Villiers [eds.] 2014 Branch 1998 Broadley 1983 Conradie, Venter & Nicolau 2012 Genus Prosymna (Shovel-snout Snakes)   Prosymna sundevallii Southern African Shovel-snout Broadley 1980 Broadley 1983 Conradie, Reeves, Brown & Venter 2016 Genus Psammophis (Old World Sand Snakes and Grass Snakes)   Psammophis brevirostris Short-snouted Grass Snake Bates, Branch, Bauer, Burger, Marais, Alexander & Villiers [eds.] 2014 Branch & Haagner 1999 Broadley 1977 Broadley 1983   Psammophis crucifer Cross-marked Grass Snake Bates 1991 Bates, Branch, Bauer, Burger, Marais, Alexander & Villiers [eds.] 2014 Broadley 1977 Broadley 1983 Broadley 2002 Conradie, Reeves, Brown & Venter 2016 Conradie, Reeves, Mdoko, Pamla & Gxabhu 2020 Jacobsen & Randall 2013 Reeves, Mdoko, Rebelo & Conradie 2021   Psammophis notostictus Karoo Sand Snake Bates, Branch, Bauer, Burger, Marais, Alexander & Villiers [eds.] 2014 Branch 1998 Broadley 1983 Broadley 2002 Conradie, Reeves, Brown & Venter 2016   Psammophis trinasalis Kalahari Sand Snake Broadley 1983 Broadley 2002 Conradie, Reeves, Brown & Venter 2016 Genus Psammophylax (Skaapstekers)   Psammophylax rhombeatus Spotted Skaapsteker Bates & Douglas 1992 Bates, Branch, Bauer, Burger, Marais, Alexander & Villiers [eds.] 2014 Bauer 2000 Broadley 1976 Broadley 1983 Conradie, Reeves, Brown & Venter 2016 Conradie, Reeves, Mdoko, Pamla & Gxabhu 2020 Jacobsen & Randall 2013 Keates, Conradie, Greenbaum & Edwards 2019 Genus Pseudaspis (African Mole Snake)   Pseudaspis cana African Mole Snake Broadley 1983 Conradie, Reeves, Brown & Venter 2016 Reeves, Mdoko, Rebelo & Conradie 2021  Family Leptotyphlopidae (Thread Snakes) Genus Leptotyphlops (Typical Thread Snakes)   Leptotyphlops conjunctus Cape Thread Snake Bates, Branch, Bauer, Burger, Marais, Alexander & Villiers [eds.] 2014 Branch 1998 Broadley & Broadley 1999 Broadley & Watson 1976 Broadley 1983 Hahn 1980 McDiarmid, Campbell & Toure 1999   Leptotyphlops nigricans South African Black Thread Snake Adalsteinsson, Branch, Trape, Vitt & Hedges 2009 Bates, Branch, Bauer, Burger, Marais, Alexander & Villiers [eds.] 2014 Branch 1989 Branch 1998 Broadley & Broadley 1999 Broadley 1983   Leptotyphlops scutifrons Zambezi Thread Snake Broadley & Broadley 1999 Broadley 1983   Leptotyphlops sylvicolus Southern Forest Thread Snake Adalsteinsson, Branch, Trape, Vitt & Hedges 2009 Bates, Branch, Bauer, Burger, Marais, Alexander & Villiers [eds.] 2014 Broadley & Broadley 1999  Family Pythonidae (Pythons) Genus Python (Typical Pythons)   Python natalensis Southern Rock Python Bates, Branch, Bauer, Burger, Marais, Alexander & Villiers [eds.] 2014 Branch 1998 Broadley 1983  Family Typhlopidae (Typical Blind Snakes) Genus Afrotyphlops (African Giant Blind Snakes)   Afrotyphlops bibronii Southern African Blind Snake Branch 1998 Broadley & Wallach 2009 Broadley 1983 Wallach, Williams & Boundy 2014 Genus Rhinotyphlops (African Beaked Blind Snakes)   Rhinotyphlops lalandei Cape Blind Snake Bates & Douglas 1992 Branch 1998 Broadley & Wallach 2009 Broadley 1983 Conradie, Reeves, Brown & Venter 2016  Family Viperidae (Vipers) Genus Bitis (African Adders)   * Bitis albanica Albany Adder Bates, Branch, Bauer, Burger, Marais, Alexander & Villiers [eds.] 2014 Branch 1998 Branch 1999 Dobiey & Vogel 2007   Bitis arietans Common Puff Adder Branch 1998 Broadley 1983 Conradie, Reeves, Brown & Venter 2016 Jacobsen & Randall 2013 Reeves, Mdoko, Rebelo & Conradie 2021   Bitis atropos Cape Mountain Adder Bates, Branch, Bauer, Burger, Marais, Alexander & Villiers [eds.] 2014 Broadley 1983 McDiarmid, Campbell & Toure 1999   Bitis caudalis Horned Adder Bates, Branch, Bauer, Burger, Marais, Alexander & Villiers [eds.] 2014 Broadley 1983   Bitis inornata Plain Mountain Adder Bates, Branch, Bauer, Burger, Marais, Alexander & Villiers [eds.] 2014 Branch 1998 Branch 1999 Broadley 1983 Dobiey & Vogel 2007   Bitis rubida South African Red Adder Bates, Branch, Bauer, Burger, Marais, Alexander & Villiers [eds.] 2014 Branch 1999 Genus Causus (Night Adders)   Causus rhombeatus Rhombic Night Adder Bates, Branch, Bauer, Burger, Marais, Alexander & Villiers [eds.] 2014 Broadley 1983 Jacobsen & Randall 2013 Reeves, Mdoko, Rebelo & Conradie 2021

	Turtles (Testudines)
	= endemicEX = extinct or assumed extinct Species References  Family Cheloniidae (Hard-shelled Sea Turtles) Genus Caretta (Loggerhead Sea Turtle)   Caretta caretta Loggerhead Sea Turtle Branch 1998 Jacobsen & Randall 2013 Genus Chelonia (Green Sea Turtle)   Chelonia mydas Green Sea Turtle Jacobsen & Randall 2013 Genus Lepidochelys (Ridley Sea Turtles)   Lepidochelys olivacea Olive Ridley Sea Turtle Bates, Branch, Bauer, Burger, Marais, Alexander & Villiers [eds.] 2014  Family Dermochelyidae (Leatherback Sea Turtle) Genus Dermochelys (Leatherback Sea Turtle)   Dermochelys coriacea Leatherback Sea Turtle Jacobsen & Randall 2013  Family Pelomedusidae (African Side-necked Turtles) Genus Pelomedusa (African Helmeted Turtles)   Pelomedusa galeata South African Helmeted Turtle Bates, Branch, Bauer, Burger, Marais, Alexander & Villiers [eds.] 2014 [as subrufa] Branch 1998 [as subrufa] Burger & Branch 1992 [as subrufa] Conradie, Reeves, Brown & Venter 2016 Jacobsen & Randall 2013 [as subrufa] Petzold, Vargas-Ramirez, Kehlmaier, Vamberger, Branch, Preez, Hofmeyr, Meyer, Schleicher, Siroky & Fritz 2014 Reeves, Mdoko, Rebelo & Conradie 2021  Family Testudinidae (Tortoises) Genus Chersina (Angulate Tortoise)   Chersina angulata Angulate Tortoise Bates, Branch, Bauer, Burger, Marais, Alexander & Villiers [eds.] 2014 Branch 1998 Burger & Branch 1992 Hofmeyr 2009 Jacobsen & Randall 2013 Reeves, Mdoko, Rebelo & Conradie 2021 Genus Chersobius (Five-toed Dwarf Tortoises)   Chersobius boulengeri Karroo Padloper Bates, Branch, Bauer, Burger, Marais, Alexander & Villiers [eds.] 2014 Branch 1989 Branch 1998 Genus Homopus (Four-toed Dwarf Tortoises)   Homopus areolatus Common Padloper Bates, Branch, Bauer, Burger, Marais, Alexander & Villiers [eds.] 2014 Branch 1998 Fritz & Havas 2006 Jacobsen & Randall 2013 Reeves, Mdoko, Rebelo & Conradie 2021   Homopus femoralis Greater Padloper Bates, Branch, Bauer, Burger, Marais, Alexander & Villiers [eds.] 2014 Branch 1998 Conradie, Reeves, Brown & Venter 2016 Fritz & Havas 2006 Genus Psammobates (South African Star Tortoises)   Psammobates tentorius African Tent Tortoise Bates 1996 Bates, Branch, Bauer, Burger, Marais, Alexander & Villiers [eds.] 2014 Branch 1998 Fritz & Havas 2006 Genus Stigmochelys (Leopard Tortoise)   Stigmochelys pardalis Leopard Tortoise Bates, Branch, Bauer, Burger, Marais, Alexander & Villiers [eds.] 2014 Branch 1998 Burger & Branch 1992 Conradie, Reeves, Brown & Venter 2016 Jacobsen & Randall 2013